Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660561More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24661402More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660012More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	637	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	1,389	...	...	1,065	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	219	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	840	...	...	536	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	216	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	762	...	...	522	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,563.3	...	...	6.5	...	...	12,719.8	...	...	2,290.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.11	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.11	...	...	0.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	635	305	325	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	1,385	635	755	1,065	525	545
0 to 14 years	150	75	70	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	75	40	40	160	85	70
0 to 4 years	45	15	30	422,980	217,145	205,840	25	15	15	50	30	20
5 to 9 years	50	25	20	478,955	245,295	233,665	25	15	15	50	30	15
10 to 14 years	50	30	20	489,425	250,855	238,570	25	15	10	60	25	35
15 to 64 years	395	190	205	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	630	290	335	795	385	415
15 to 19 years	40	20	15	429,400	219,400	209,995	35	25	15	50	25	25
20 to 24 years	35	20	15	460,660	235,250	225,405	85	35	55	70	35	40
25 to 29 years	20	5	15	527,150	266,455	260,700	85	40	45	105	55	55
30 to 34 years	40	20	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	50	35	20	85	35	50
35 to 39 years	45	15	25	550,425	274,350	276,075	50	20	25	80	40	40
40 to 44 years	55	30	30	572,565	286,405	286,160	50	25	25	80	35	45
45 to 49 years	50	25	25	516,465	259,565	256,905	40	10	25	90	40	45
50 to 54 years	45	20	25	522,935	262,610	260,325	65	25	40	85	40	45
55 to 59 years	30	15	10	615,690	307,230	308,465	65	35	30	80	45	35
60 to 64 years	40	20	20	625,610	307,710	317,900	105	45	65	65	30	35
65 years and over	95	45	55	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	680	305	375	115	55	60
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	541,970	264,020	277,950	115	55	60	60	25	35
70 to 74 years	20	10	15	455,900	217,985	237,910	105	50	60	40	15	20
75 to 79 years	20	5	15	330,840	153,790	177,050	160	60	105	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	130	55	70	5	5	0
85 years and over	10	0	10	214,415	75,305	139,115	165	80	80	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	90	50	40	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	65,020	20,490	44,535	55	25	30	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	15	5	10	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.6	24.6	21.5	16.4	17.0	15.8	5.4	6.3	5.3	15.0	16.2	12.8
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.3	63.1	63.0	63.9	62.1	45.5	45.7	44.4	74.6	73.3	76.1
65 years and over	15.0	14.8	16.9	20.6	19.1	22.1	49.1	48.0	49.7	10.8	10.5	11.0
85 years and over	1.6	0.0	3.1	2.5	1.8	3.2	11.9	12.6	10.6	0.5	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	38.1	37.4	38.7	42.8	41.8	43.7	57.8	56.5	59.0	38.8	38.2	39.3
Median age of the population	39.2	39.2	38.8	43.2	42.0	44.0	64.5	64.0	65.0	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	760	...	...	520	...	...
Single-detached house	35	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
Semi-detached house	100	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...	60	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	70	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	165	...	...	365	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	585	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	220	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	760	...	...	525	...	...
1 person	35	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	325	...	...	200	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	335	...	...	180	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	480,135	...	...	60	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	427,605	...	...	35	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	228,060	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	635	305	325	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	1,360	620	740	1,065	520	545
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	490	235	255	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	1,310	590	715	910	435	470
Married or living common-law	320	160	160	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	750	375	370	465	225	240
Married	255	130	130	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	610	305	300	240	125	115
Living common-law	60	30	30	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	140	70	70	230	105	125
Living common law - Never married	55	30	25	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	85	45	45	205	95	115
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	5	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	261,885	135,520	126,370	45	25	20	20	15	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	15	5	5	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	165	75	95	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	560	220	345	440	205	235
Not married and not living common law - Never married	110	55	60	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	300	155	150	320	165	155
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	20	10	10	20	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	10	15	494,210	197,455	296,755	90	30	65	75	20	50
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	0	20	380,100	89,515	290,580	150	25	120	25	10	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	185	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	405	...	...	305	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	315	...	...	170	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	454,980	...	...	45	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	55	...	...	412,850	...	...	35	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	187,600	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	185	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	405	...	...	305	...	...
Total couple families	160	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	365	...	...	230	...	...
Married couples	125	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	295	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	502,020	...	...	75	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	609,605	...	...	225	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	828,005	...	...	70	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	401,885	...	...	5	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	426,120	...	...	60	...	...	60	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	383,775	...	...	40	...	...	75	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	284,025	...	...	40	...	...	60	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	630	310	325	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
Total - Persons in census families	580	285	290	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	960	475	485	820	395	425
Married spouses or common-law partners	315	155	155	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	725	370	360	460	220	240
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	383,780	99,755	284,020	45	5	35	75	15	65
Children⁶	235	125	115	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	190	105	85	285	160	130
In a two-parent family	185	100	85	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	135	80	60	185	100	80
In a one-parent family	50	30	25	585,820	317,400	268,415	55	25	30	100	55	45
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	55	20	30	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	400	145	255	245	130	120
Living alone	35	15	20	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	320	110	215	205	105	95
Living with other relatives⁷	10	0	10	165,070	74,060	91,005	15	10	10	10	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	5	268,810	158,325	110,485	55	25	30	30	15	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	765	...	...	520	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	160	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	400	...	...	295	...	...
Couple-family households	140	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	355	...	...	220	...	...
With children⁶	85	...	...	851,835	...	...	80	...	...	110	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	982,260	...	...	280	...	...	110	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	331,395	...	...	40	...	...	70	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	139,280	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	35	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	325	...	...	200	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	485	230	250	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	1,285	580	700	905	435	470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	460	220	240	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	1,245	560	690	885	425	455
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,000	36,800	40,800	44,800	37,200	58,800	64,000	54,800	45,200	47,600	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	460	220	240	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	1,245	560	690	885	425	455
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,400	39,200	33,600	48,000	54,800	44,400	39,200	41,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	395	200	200	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	1,175	520	655	795	390	405
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	44,800	28,800	33,600	39,600	28,000	50,800	59,600	45,600	42,400	44,800	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	170	155	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	680	340	340	720	365	355
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,800	30,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	31,600	33,600	29,600	44,000	44,800	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	160	205	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	1,060	465	590	730	335	390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,000	12,400	11,500	10,200	12,300	13,000	13,300	12,800	8,500	8,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	20	20	837,635	441,080	396,550	50	15	30	120	65	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	7,550	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,920	x	5,960	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130	65	60	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	260	135	130	285	155	125
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	6,000	7,250	6,000	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	430	210	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	615	620	950	415	540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415	210	215	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	1,215	610	605	915	400	515
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,200	73,500	49,600	51,160	57,550	44,960	94,200	117,200	71,200	50,400	50,200	50,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415	210	215	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	1,215	610	605	915	400	515
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,200	54,800	41,600	41,840	45,760	38,000	69,800	84,800	55,000	41,700	41,000	42,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	200	190	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	1,170	590	585	820	370	450
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,200	71,000	44,800	45,480	52,900	38,000	87,400	111,200	63,200	46,900	45,800	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	150	165	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	660	385	280	730	335	400
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,200	80,000	43,200	46,240	51,950	40,040	69,000	76,000	59,200	48,200	46,000	50,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	305	130	175	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	1,040	490	550	780	330	445
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,000	11,600	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,640	12,240	11,120	10,000	9,640	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	15	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	25	15	0	110	50	60
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	4,000	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,000	7,000	...	6,300	6,000	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	50	50	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	220	120	100	245	125	120
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,800	8,400	8,130	7,910	8,390	7,500	8,600	6,300	7,400	6,400	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	430	205	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	620	620	950	420	535
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	95	40	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	290	155	135	440	200	245
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	89,000	96,000	87,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	66,500	75,000	63,200	60,800	60,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	106,000	114,000	85,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	113,000	144,000	80,000	61,600	59,200	63,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	50	95	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	260	150	110	245	100	140
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	10,900	29,200	18,600	21,400	16,600	23,400	23,400	25,400	20,600	25,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	27,000	33,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	41,600	42,000	41,000	27,400	30,800	25,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	92.0	80.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	89.2	92.0	86.0	83.2	84.0	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.0	80.0	68.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	39.8	40.8	38.5	76.4	76.0	76.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.6	7.8	19.6	20.1	15.8	25.6	10.6	8.4	14.2	16.8	15.9	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.4	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	0.1	0.1	x	1.5	1.6	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.7	5.4	4.8	6.1	1.7	1.6	1.9	4.7	4.6	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.0	4.0	4.6	4.3	5.1	1.4	1.4	1.5	4.0	4.0	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	480	235	250	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	1,280	575	705	910	435	470
Without total income	25	10	10	179,955	87,650	92,310	35	20	15	25	10	15
With total income	460	220	235	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	1,250	560	690	880	425	460
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	25	25	462,400	204,245	258,155	100	45	55	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	35	809,375	334,315	475,065	85	40	50	75	30	45
$20,000 to $29,999	75	35	45	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	130	55	75	125	60	65
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	25	896,520	414,070	482,445	110	35	80	115	45	70
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	849,005	411,680	437,325	105	45	65	155	75	75
$50,000 to $59,999	35	10	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	90	40	55	95	50	50
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	90	30	60	70	40	35
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	15	367,455	208,475	158,980	75	30	40	65	30	30
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	284,690	158,760	125,930	60	30	35	55	30	25
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	10	198,140	112,355	85,780	60	35	25	35	20	20
$100,000 and over	75	50	25	556,780	365,700	191,080	335	175	160	50	25	20
$100,000 to $149,999	45	30	15	385,890	245,635	140,260	135	65	70	40	25	20
$150,000 and over	30	25	5	170,890	120,065	50,820	200	110	90	5	0	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	480	235	250	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	1,280	575	705	910	435	470
Without after-tax income	25	10	10	177,960	86,610	91,355	35	20	15	25	10	15
With after-tax income	460	220	235	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	1,250	560	690	880	425	460
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	495,035	214,000	281,030	110	45	65	50	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	30	35	853,250	356,480	496,765	100	45	60	85	35	50
$20,000 to $29,999	80	35	50	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	165	65	105	150	70	80
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	25	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	135	55	80	180	70	110
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	30	994,235	505,970	488,265	135	50	80	160	90	65
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	25	691,015	372,870	318,145	110	50	65	105	55	45
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	459,665	251,490	208,170	100	40	60	75	35	40
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	292,135	160,985	131,150	85	40	40	45	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	5	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	50	30	25	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	50	25	25	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	40	30	10	229,765	156,750	73,020	210	115	95	10	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	5	119,125	78,615	40,515	65	35	25	5	0	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	150	80	70	5	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	480	235	250	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	1,280	575	705	910	435	470
Without employment income	155	65	95	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	605	240	365	190	70	120
With employment income	325	170	160	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	675	340	340	720	360	355
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	145	85	65	60	40	20
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	15	401,185	180,585	220,595	60	25	35	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	70	40	35	70	25	40
$20,000 to $29,999	20	5	15	495,105	228,670	266,435	55	15	35	75	45	35
$30,000 to $39,999	20	5	15	488,000	239,620	248,380	60	30	30	70	30	40
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	485,845	242,230	243,610	50	20	25	100	50	50
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	45	15	25	70	35	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	320,700	184,770	135,935	25	10	10	70	35	30
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	250,635	147,020	103,615	30	15	20	45	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	218,100	120,085	98,020	20	10	10	50	25	25
$90,000 to $99,999	20	5	10	141,540	86,090	55,450	15	10	10	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	60	40	20	422,055	285,910	136,145	105	60	45	35	20	20
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	25	15	10	25	10	10
$125,000 and over	40	35	10	216,965	152,410	64,555	85	50	35	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	485	230	250	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	1,285	580	700	905	435	470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	210	235	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	1,220	545	680	870	420	450
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,400	32,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	58,800	67,000	52,800	42,400	46,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	210	235	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	1,225	545	680	870	420	450
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	30,000	34,000	37,600	30,600	46,400	54,000	41,600	37,200	40,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	200	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	1,155	520	640	795	390	405
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,600	26,800	34,800	40,400	29,200	52,800	62,800	46,400	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	160	155	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	675	345	335	725	365	355
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,800	30,200	36,400	41,200	31,800	29,600	30,600	28,200	42,000	45,200	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	135	200	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	970	425	545	655	290	365
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	4,960	9,500	7,800	5,640	9,100	11,000	10,600	11,300	3,640	2,540	5,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	20	25	727,165	390,255	336,910	20	10	10	85	50	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,720	8,700	5,000	4,760	5,280	x	x	x	3,960	2,700	6,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	430	210	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	615	620	950	415	540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	195	205	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	1,190	590	600	900	385	510
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	64,500	43,200	48,600	55,500	41,880	100,000	129,500	71,200	45,200	46,400	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	195	205	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	1,195	590	605	900	385	510
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,600	36,000	39,600	44,000	35,320	71,600	91,600	52,200	37,900	38,800	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	375	185	190	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	1,145	575	575	805	365	440
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	65,000	38,400	45,920	53,800	37,920	95,400	125,600	65,600	43,700	43,200	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	305	140	165	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	680	390	285	735	340	395
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	73,000	39,600	46,240	52,450	39,520	64,200	70,400	55,600	45,000	42,400	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	125	170	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	940	445	495	685	270	415
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	5,900	9,200	9,450	8,430	10,320	10,080	10,160	10,040	7,960	8,400	7,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55	25	30	727,815	390,880	336,935	0	0	0	90	45	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	4,000	10,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	...	...	...	8,800	6,800	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	430	205	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	620	620	950	420	535
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	95	40	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	290	155	135	440	200	240
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	83,000	87,000	83,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	46,400	45,600	47,200	55,600	52,400	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,000	98,000	72,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	102,000	132,000	69,000	56,400	53,600	58,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	40	100	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	260	150	110	220	90	130
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	15,900	30,200	23,600	27,200	21,000	19,800	20,600	18,400	24,400	27,000	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,500	28,000	34,500	33,000	37,800	28,360	46,400	43,000	51,000	27,800	30,800	25,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	94.0	82.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	92.0	94.0	88.0	86.8	87.0	86.0
Employment income (%)	79.0	84.0	73.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	36.6	36.0	37.5	81.6	79.5	83.0
Government transfers (%)	10.6	5.8	17.6	14.9	10.8	20.2	8.0	5.9	11.7	13.4	12.6	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	0.7	3.6	1.6	1.3	2.0	x	...	x	2.0	1.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	220	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	760	...	...	525	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	106,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	83,000	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	35	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	325	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	38,800	...	...	77,500	...	...	53,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	34,400	...	...	60,400	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	185	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	440	...	...	320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	152,400	...	...	86,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	75,200	...	...	113,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	315	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	105,000	...	...	54,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	75,500	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	435	...	...	330	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	187,000	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	140,500	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	760	...	...	525	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	82,470	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	218,185	...	...	30	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	144,420	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	143,285	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	172,005	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	174,790	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	310,880	...	...	45	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	280,505	...	...	50	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	255,770	...	...	30	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	45	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	208,320	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	105	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	395	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	414,805	...	...	75	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	282,590	...	...	70	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	307,835	...	...	85	...	...	35	...	...
$200,000 and over	40	...	...	239,060	...	...	170	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	760	...	...	525	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	87,695	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	234,875	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	177,135	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	213,760	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	210,280	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	193,530	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	65	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	322,530	...	...	50	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	55	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	254,885	...	...	60	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	216,370	...	...	40	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	892,775	...	...	310	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	387,835	...	...	100	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	225,830	...	...	60	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	40	...	...	279,105	...	...	150	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	180	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	410	...	...	305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	135,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	991,710	...	...	280	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	113,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	90	...	...	907,765	...	...	80	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	134,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	368,845	...	...	45	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	61,600	...	...	82,000	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	40	20	20	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	385	135	245	230	125	110
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	30,400	36,800	39,200	34,800	66,000	59,600	71,500	47,600	49,600	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	30,600	29,200	33,200	34,800	31,600	53,200	46,800	57,600	41,200	43,200	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	160	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	405	...	...	330	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	195,000	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	145,500	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	992,110	...	...	265	...	...	115	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	180,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	140,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	909,160	...	...	75	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	310,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	210,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	367,155	...	...	45	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	120,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	95,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	20	25	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	380	150	225	205	85	115
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	60,000	44,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	93,600	122,000	74,000	53,600	52,000	55,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,000	40,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	68,400	80,000	60,000	44,400	42,000	46,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	635	310	325	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	1,360	620	740	1,065	525	545
0 to 17 years	175	90	85	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	100	55	45	190	105	90
0 to 5 years	60	25	35	515,725	264,785	250,935	30	15	15	60	40	20
18 to 64 years	365	175	190	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	605	280	330	765	370	395
65 years and over	95	45	50	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	655	285	365	115	55	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	70	30	40	992,235	463,295	528,940	150	75	80	115	55	60
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	159,530	82,000	77,530	20	10	5	35	20	15
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	5	5	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	35	15	20	515,470	256,435	259,035	95	40	55	60	30	30
65 years and over	15	5	5	317,235	124,865	192,370	35	15	20	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.5	12.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	11.0	11.6	10.4	10.6	10.4	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	10.0	14.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	16.0	18.0	12.0	18.0	20.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	x	12.0	10.3	10.3	10.3	16.0	x	x	24.0	20.0	30.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.0	10.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	15.8	16.0	15.6	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over (%)	14.0	16.0	16.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	5.6	6.0	5.6	19.0	16.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	630	310	325	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
0 to 17 years	175	90	80	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	100	55	45	190	100	90
0 to 5 years	55	25	30	511,400	262,535	248,860	35	20	15	55	35	20
18 to 64 years	365	180	190	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	605	275	325	760	365	395
65 years and over	95	40	55	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	660	290	365	110	50	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	15	25	439,850	223,055	216,795	110	50	55	55	30	30
0 to 17 years	10	5	10	61,665	31,610	30,060	10	5	0	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	5	0	0	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	25	10	15	313,970	167,015	146,955	75	35	40	30	15	15
65 years and over	5	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	20	10	10	10	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	6.0	7.6	5.3	5.4	5.2	7.9	8.4	7.6	5.4	5.2	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	8.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	12.0	16.0	x	8.0	8.0	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.0	7.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	12.4	12.0	12.8	4.0	4.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	3.2	3.6	2.8	10.0	8.0	12.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	635	305	325	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	1,360	620	740	1,065	525	545
In bottom half of the distribution	305	155	155	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	505	230	280	580	280	300
In bottom decile	65	30	35	851,840	407,705	444,140	140	65	75	90	40	50
In second decile	65	35	30	920,490	434,730	485,760	95	40	60	125	65	60
In third decile	65	30	35	969,255	471,650	497,600	115	55	60	100	50	50
In fourth decile	65	30	35	978,345	482,760	495,590	90	40	45	115	55	55
In fifth decile	55	35	25	947,090	473,285	473,810	70	30	40	155	70	85
In top half of the distribution	325	155	165	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	855	390	465	490	240	245
In sixth decile	30	15	20	899,660	454,970	444,690	95	50	50	135	75	60
In seventh decile	55	25	30	837,225	425,400	411,830	100	50	50	125	55	65
In eighth decile	80	45	40	752,410	383,450	368,955	120	45	75	120	55	60
In ninth decile	55	25	25	634,425	325,700	308,730	185	85	95	75	35	40
In top decile	105	50	50	517,725	267,160	250,565	355	165	190	35	20	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	630	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	1,360	...	...	1,065	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.340	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.493	...	...	0.266	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.554	...	...	0.379	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.297	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.433	...	...	0.231	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	3.4	...	...	6.5	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	640	310	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
English only	75	40	35	445,575	228,840	216,735	160	80	75	10	5	5
French only	140	65	80	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	195	70	125	530	240	290
English and French	395	195	190	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	1,005	470	535	515	265	245
Neither English nor French	30	10	25	82,075	35,200	46,875	5	0	0	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	640	310	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
English	165	80	90	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	380	185	190	75	40	35
French	365	175	185	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	890	395	495	935	455	480
English and French	80	40	35	329,515	169,050	160,465	95	40	55	50	25	25
Neither English nor French	30	10	20	79,000	33,590	45,410	5	0	0	10	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	640	310	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
Single responses	600	295	310	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	1,255	570	690	1,010	495	520
Official languages	360	175	180	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	950	425	525	800	395	405
English	100	50	50	639,365	323,170	316,195	230	115	115	50	20	25
French	255	130	130	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	725	315	415	750	370	385
Non-official languages	245	120	125	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	305	140	160	210	100	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	120	125	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	305	140	160	210	100	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	50	233,220	122,895	110,320	95	50	45	45	20	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	55	50	204,600	107,735	96,865	95	50	45	25	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	55	50	198,785	104,765	94,020	85	45	45	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	37,425	17,185	20,240	10	5	5	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	28,630	13,180	15,450	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	25,580	10,200	15,375	10	0	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	5	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	5	5	5	30	15	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	5	5	0	20	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	595,790	290,670	305,115	160	75	85	115	55	60
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	5	68,295	30,855	37,435	15	10	5	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	5	67,565	30,570	36,995	15	10	5	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	5	0	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	5	5	5	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	10	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	15	5	5	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	5	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	34,080	16,735	17,345	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	101,450	52,780	48,665	30	10	15	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	63,025	33,465	29,555	5	5	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	38,400	19,305	19,090	20	10	10	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	35,615	17,770	17,850	20	10	10	0	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	20	5	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	346,000	167,870	178,130	90	40	50	100	45	55
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	20	10	10	15	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	25	10	10	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	35,810	17,115	18,695	10	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	10	177,155	86,490	90,660	45	25	25	80	35	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	33,495	16,630	16,865	5	0	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25	87,540	40,170	47,375	5	0	5	5	0	5
Chinese languages	45	25	25	87,155	39,990	47,160	5	0	5	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15	57,445	26,210	31,235	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	15	20	308,550	155,455	153,095	105	50	50	55	30	25
English and French	10	0	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	25	10	15	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	49,485	24,660	24,825	20	10	10	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	50	25	25	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	28,685	14,700	13,985	5	5	5	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	5	5	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	640	310	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
English	90	45	50	623,305	313,780	309,520	225	105	120	35	15	20
French	255	125	130	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	635	280	360	735	355	380
Non-official language	75	35	35	366,730	177,410	189,315	90	40	45	50	20	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	35	343,650	165,830	177,825	90	40	45	50	20	30
English and French	35	15	20	497,380	256,735	240,645	165	70	90	55	30	20
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	205,755	102,290	103,470	75	35	40	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	375,795	179,585	196,210	85	40	50	140	65	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	284,940	141,275	143,665	85	45	40	45	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	640	310	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,360	625	740	1,065	520	545
Single responses	590	285	300	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	1,275	580	695	1,000	490	515
Official languages	440	215	225	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	1,120	510	615	895	440	450
English	130	60	65	874,185	438,570	435,615	315	150	160	60	35	30
French	310	160	155	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	805	355	455	835	405	430
Non-official languages	150	70	75	662,615	322,860	339,750	150	70	80	105	50	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	70	75	628,365	305,820	322,555	150	70	80	105	50	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	116,685	59,645	57,040	30	10	20	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	104,890	53,505	51,380	25	10	15	15	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20	102,120	52,125	49,990	25	10	15	15	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	24,500	11,410	13,090	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	19,595	9,185	10,405	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	5	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	10	5	0	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	5	5	0	10	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	10	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	336,635	164,100	172,535	95	40	50	65	35	35
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	5	5	5	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	5	5	5	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	15,235	7,015	8,220	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	74,455	38,045	36,410	25	5	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	46,420	24,225	22,195	5	0	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	15	5	10	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	15	5	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	182,585	88,060	94,525	55	25	35	55	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	5	0	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	15	5	10	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	5	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	35	15	20	50	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	35	15	20	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	5	0	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	20	25	357,245	176,070	181,175	85	40	45	70	35	30
English and French	15	5	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	30	10	15	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	15	10	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	116,595	56,445	60,150	25	15	15	50	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	10	5	5	0	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	5	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	640	310	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,360	620	740	1,065	520	545
None	450	215	235	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	1,020	460	560	875	425	455
English	40	15	25	353,690	183,470	170,225	135	65	75	35	20	15
French	30	20	15	259,425	127,380	132,040	55	25	30	60	30	25
Non-official language	60	35	30	269,715	129,830	139,890	85	40	45	55	20	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	30	264,405	127,330	137,070	80	40	45	55	20	35
English and French	25	15	10	61,955	31,425	30,525	20	10	10	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	76,755	38,765	37,990	25	10	10	20	15	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	20	10	5	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	5	5	0	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	565	280	285	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	1,325	670	655	1,110	495	620
Official languages	540	275	265	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	1,325	670	655	1,095	485	610
English	430	220	215	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	1,125	575	545	575	270	305
French	460	225	240	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	1,200	605	595	1,075	465	610
Non-official languages	280	130	150	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	540	295	250	365	165	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	130	150	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	540	295	250	365	165	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	45	20	385,210	201,105	184,100	145	80	65	35	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	45	20	363,875	190,005	173,870	145	80	65	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	65	45	20	343,675	179,750	163,930	115	55	55	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	45	35	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	40	25	15	50	20	30
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	30	15	15	50	20	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0	20	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	40	65	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	400	215	185	245	110	145
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	40	20	20	15	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	40	20	20	15	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	10	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	55	30	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	50	25	25	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	40	25	15	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	10	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	30	20	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	15	10	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	15	10	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	45	684,830	324,095	360,735	280	150	130	230	105	125
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10	168,040	82,400	85,645	95	45	40	40	15	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	40	30	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	15	0	10	0	0	0
Spanish	55	20	35	453,905	210,400	243,505	160	85	75	200	90	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	15	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	35	107,415	49,840	57,575	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	70	30	35	106,915	49,630	57,285	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	30	80,520	37,100	43,420	10	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	15	0	10	15	15	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	10	0	10	15	15	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	1,325	670	655	1,115	495	620
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0	10	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0	10	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	565	280	285	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	1,320	670	645	1,100	490	615
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	1,325	670	655	1,115	495	620
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	565	280	285	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	1,325	670	655	1,115	495	620
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
Owner	145	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	480	...	...	320	...	...
Renter	55	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	275	...	...	215	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	515,590	...	...	530	...	...	300	...	...
Not condominium	190	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	225	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	25	...	...	623,295	...	...	165	...	...	45	...	...
2 bedrooms	25	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	445	...	...	370	...	...
3 bedrooms	110	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	130	...	...	85	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	35	...	...	730,330	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	50	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	440	...	...	345	...	...
5 rooms	10	...	...	645,635	...	...	215	...	...	70	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	435,225	...	...	50	...	...	45	...	...
7 rooms	40	...	...	403,225	...	...	30	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	65	...	...	886,180	...	...	15	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
One person or fewer per room	200	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	745	...	...	535	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
Suitable	195	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	715	...	...	510	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	142,775	...	...	35	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
1960 or before	150	...	...	879,375	...	...	110	...	...	50	...	...
1961 to 1980	30	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	140	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	509,120	...	...	445	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	385,315	...	...	45	...	...	125	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...	95	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	700	...	...	520	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	236,110	...	...	50	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
One-maintainer household	90	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	495	...	...	335	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	250	...	...	190	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	535	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	525,540	...	...	95	...	...	120	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	647,165	...	...	55	...	...	115	...	...
45 to 54 years	50	...	...	628,630	...	...	60	...	...	105	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	760,395	...	...	95	...	...	100	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	629,965	...	...	110	...	...	60	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	336,170	...	...	155	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	103,640	...	...	160	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	745	...	...	530	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	180	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	605	...	...	445	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	25	...	...	595,690	...	...	135	...	...	85	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	542,060	...	...	120	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	200	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	750	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	901,440	...	...	215	...	...	110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15	...	...	537,090	...	...	125	...	...	80	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	179,840	...	...	40	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	165	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	540	...	...	420	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	205	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	730	...	...	530	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	30	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	190	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	700	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	475	...	...	315	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	43.3	...	...	62.2	...	...	18.9	...	...	87.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	13.7	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,640	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,910	...	...	1,320	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	850,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	610,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	1,004,000	...	...	306,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	270	...	...	215	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	25.2	...	...	28.8	...	...	23.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	...	...	810	...	...	1,090	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	760	...	...	886	...	...	1,390	...	...	795	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	565	285	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,325	675	650	1,110	490	620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0	20	10	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0	20	10	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	15	0	15	40	10	30
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	15	0	15	40	10	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	15	0	15	40	10	30
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	565	285	285	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	1,310	675	640	1,055	470	580
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,325	670	650	1,110	490	620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	515	265	255	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	1,200	600	605	1,020	450	570
Canadian citizens aged under 18	140	75	70	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	90	60	30	190	90	100
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	370	185	185	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	1,115	535	575	835	360	475
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	20	30	518,265	264,490	253,775	120	70	50	90	40	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,325	670	650	1,110	490	620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	365	175	185	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	850	425	430	870	390	475
Immigrants⁸¹	190	100	90	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	410	215	195	190	65	120
Before 1980	30	15	15	187,200	91,895	95,300	125	70	55	25	0	15
1980 to 1990	35	20	10	124,610	61,850	62,755	50	30	15	35	15	20
1991 to 2000	35	30	10	190,495	91,635	98,860	30	10	20	35	10	30
2001 to 2010	40	10	30	312,210	150,825	161,390	130	50	75	35	10	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	60	30	30	396,090	192,745	203,340	75	45	30	60	20	40
2011 to 2015	55	30	20	193,345	93,485	99,855	20	15	10	35	15	25
2016 to 2021	10	0	10	202,740	99,260	103,480	55	35	20	25	10	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	65	35	30	50	30	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	190	100	90	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	410	215	195	190	70	120
Under 5 years	15	10	10	112,295	56,755	55,540	10	10	0	20	10	15
5 to 14 years	25	15	10	201,385	101,555	99,835	75	40	35	40	15	30
15 to 24 years	25	0	20	213,035	96,175	116,860	55	20	30	50	15	35
25 to 44 years	105	55	45	594,845	292,975	301,875	200	110	85	75	30	40
45 years and over	25	15	10	89,045	41,505	47,540	70	30	40	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	190	100	90	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	410	215	195	190	70	120
Americas	10	0	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	95	45	45	100	30	70
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0	15	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	30	15	20	40	10	25
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	15	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0	20	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	10	0	10	20	0	20
Europe	20	15	10	309,015	154,110	154,910	150	85	65	35	10	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	15	10	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	50	25	25	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	10	0	10	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	10	10	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	20	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	20	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	60	30	35	302,010	153,655	148,355	60	30	30	35	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	20	0	10	20	10	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	15	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10	68,865	34,810	34,060	20	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	20	118,820	60,455	58,360	15	10	0	15	10	0
Asia	90	55	40	332,925	158,445	174,475	105	55	50	15	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	40	25	20	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	15	0	10	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	0	10	202,740	99,265	103,480	55	35	25	25	0	15
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	15	10	0	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	70,310	34,215	36,095	15	0	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	25	15	10	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	1,325	670	655	1,115	495	620
First generation¹⁰⁰	215	110	105	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	500	255	250	245	100	145
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	80	85	883,485	446,000	437,490	200	120	80	175	95	80
Third generation or more¹⁰²	185	85	100	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	625	300	325	690	300	390
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	165	85	80	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	280	145	135	165	60	110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	60	30	30	559,935	290,040	269,895	240	125	110	85	40	50
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	15	15	267,870	161,125	106,740	115	75	45	45	30	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	20	10	292,070	128,915	163,155	120	50	70	40	10	30
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	65	25	40	272,255	109,735	162,515	30	10	20	40	10	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	30	10	175,740	89,995	85,740	15	0	10	40	10	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	165	85	80	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	280	145	135	165	60	110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	15	0	10	20	0	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	10	10	0	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	10	0	10	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	25	15	10	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	135	65	70	756,120	358,700	397,420	220	110	110	115	50	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	1,325	670	655	1,115	495	620
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	295	155	140	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	245	125	120	310	135	170
South Asian	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	95	50	50	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black	75	40	35	422,405	206,335	216,070	65	40	25	100	50	55
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab	60	40	20	280,075	146,990	133,085	60	25	35	30	10	20
Latin American	15	0	10	172,925	85,035	87,880	50	25	25	135	70	65
Southeast Asian	35	10	20	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	25	10	15	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	10	10	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	275	120	145	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	1,080	540	535	805	355	445
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	565	280	285	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	1,325	670	655	1,110	490	620
Canadian	65	35	35	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	205	100	105	235	90	150
English	15	10	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	30	20	10	45	10	30
Irish	50	40	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	70	35	40	50	10	40
Scottish	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	25	15	15	20	0	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	55	30	25	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	340	160	180	190	85	100
German	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	25	10	20	20	10	15
Chinese	100	60	45	123,985	55,730	68,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	316,315	157,600	158,720	55	40	15	60	20	40
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	35	20	20	0	0	0
Québécois	30	15	15	931,940	465,630	466,305	95	45	55	190	85	105
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	10	10	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
French Canadian	45	15	35	588,805	290,630	298,180	85	35	50	25	10	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	15	10	0	35	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0	25	15	10
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	50	30	15	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	30	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	15	10	0	0	0	0
American	10	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0	20	10	15
Spanish	10	0	10	77,735	37,960	39,775	25	15	10	30	20	15
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0	30	25	10
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	20	0	20	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	10	10	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0	30	15	10
Jewish	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	115	70	45	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	35	15	15	20	0	15
Greek	25	15	10	69,705	35,085	34,620	15	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	30	20	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	30	25	10	78,210	40,740	37,470	65	35	25	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	30	15	10	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	10	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	15	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian	20	15	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	30	15	15	70	20	50
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	25	15	10	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	20	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	15	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	30	15	10	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0	25	15	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	35	20	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	15	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	565	280	285	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,325	670	655	1,115	490	620
Buddhist	20	0	20	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian	265	115	150	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	800	395	400	720	325	390
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25	10	10	464,020	229,155	234,860	50	35	15	45	15	30
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	215	90	120	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	680	340	335	605	285	325
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	30	10	25	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	20	0	10	35	15	15
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	10	10	0	20	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	185	100	85	0	0	0
Muslim	70	40	25	421,710	218,255	203,455	70	35	30	65	20	40
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	215	125	85	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	260	130	125	320	130	185
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	555	275	275	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	1,320	670	645	1,110	490	620
Non-movers	510	255	255	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	1,180	605	570	995	445	555
Movers	40	25	20	945,290	466,750	478,540	140	60	80	110	45	70
Non-migrants	35	15	15	543,670	268,740	274,925	90	35	60	90	35	55
Migrants	10	10	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	50	30	25	20	0	15
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	25	15	15	20	0	15
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	20	10	10	20	0	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	10	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	10	10	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	20	15	10	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	530	265	265	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	1,305	655	640	1,055	470	585
Non-movers	410	200	205	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	765	370	390	555	245	310
Movers	120	65	55	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	535	285	250	500	220	270
Non-migrants	70	35	35	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	215	125	90	330	150	180
Migrants	50	30	15	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	320	155	160	165	75	90
Internal migrants	25	20	0	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	215	100	115	110	45	65
Intraprovincial migrants	20	20	0	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	180	85	95	95	40	60
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	40	15	20	15	0	0
External migrants	20	10	15	320,090	166,115	153,975	105	60	45	55	25	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	205	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	620	625	950	415	535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	15	10	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	35	25	10	295	150	150
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	405	190	210	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	1,200	595	610	655	265	390
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	290	140	150	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	500	250	250	705	295	410
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	0	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	10	10	0	165	110	60
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	285	135	150	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	495	245	250	540	190	350
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	205	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	615	620	955	415	540
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	15	10	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	35	20	10	240	105	135
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	35	60	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	175	90	85	185	95	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	310	155	155	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	1,025	505	520	530	215	315
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	45	50	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	285	110	180	355	150	205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	25	15	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	45	10	35	160	80	70
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	25	15	793,030	427,220	365,815	35	10	25	125	55	70
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	0	10	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	20	35	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	175	65	110	155	50	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	252,815	102,150	150,665	70	30	40	40	15	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	215	115	105	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	740	400	340	175	65	110
Bachelor's degree	100	45	60	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	330	180	150	100	35	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	15	15	149,425	66,595	82,825	85	40	50	40	15	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	70	45	25	0	0	0
Master's degree	55	30	25	360,795	174,150	186,645	190	95	90	30	15	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	10	63,270	36,320	26,955	60	40	20	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	295	140	150	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	505	255	255	705	300	405
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	0	0	0	135	85	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	15	15	752,855	388,160	364,700	45	30	20	125	55	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	250	120	135	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	455	220	230	450	160	285
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	25	40	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	115	40	70	290	105	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	15	15	836,455	498,385	338,075	15	0	15	125	60	70
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	15	15	609,895	319,470	290,425	15	0	15	100	35	70
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25	10	20	838,140	372,455	465,685	80	25	50	125	35	95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	15	0	0	40	15	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	190	95	95	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	335	180	155	155	55	105
Bachelor's degree	80	30	45	802,755	343,100	459,650	150	85	65	90	30	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	10	15	119,460	50,155	69,310	35	20	15	40	15	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	25	10	20	0	0	0
Master's degree	60	35	25	302,065	140,530	161,530	90	40	50	25	10	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	25	10	49,500	26,520	22,985	30	20	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	425	205	225	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	1,235	615	620	955	415	540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	115	50	70	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	210	115	100	425	200	225
Education	20	0	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	50	10	40	45	0	35
13. Education	20	0	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	50	10	40	45	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	10	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	45	30	20	25	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	10	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	40	25	20	25	0	10
Humanities	15	0	10	228,770	90,810	137,960	120	40	80	30	0	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	20	0	20	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	55	25	35	20	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	10	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	25	10	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	30	35	430,845	142,280	288,570	140	55	85	40	20	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15	57,080	19,060	38,020	10	0	10	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	15	0	15	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	40	20	25	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	65,230	15,095	50,135	10	0	10	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	15	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	50	30	20	20	15	0
Business, management and public administration	85	45	40	950,820	357,290	593,535	260	140	125	145	50	95
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	45	40	894,690	344,770	549,925	250	135	115	130	50	80
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	15	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	80	35	45	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	10	57,680	23,925	33,755	20	15	10	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	30	15	10	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	15	0	10	10	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	40	30	10	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	20	15	0	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	35	10	866,885	778,835	88,060	100	80	20	120	115	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	20	10	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	30	25	10	181,290	147,120	34,170	75	60	20	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0	25	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0	25	25	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	10	10	0	10	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	10	10	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	20	515,215	101,455	413,760	165	75	95	75	0	75
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	470,150	78,875	391,275	120	45	75	70	0	70
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	45	25	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	15	10	0	30	0	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	10	0	0	20	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	290	140	155	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	500	250	250	705	295	410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40	20	20	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	50	35	15	255	135	120
Education	15	0	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0	40	0	35
13. Education	15	0	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0	40	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	10	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	40	30	10	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	10	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	40	20	10	10	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	144,140	56,410	87,730	40	10	25	30	0	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	10	0	10	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	15	10	10	20	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	10	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	25	30	334,475	103,635	230,840	60	15	45	35	15	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	10	0	10	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	20	0	15	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	15	10	101,105	49,385	51,720	20	0	15	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	65	30	35	741,390	268,705	472,685	135	60	80	125	35	95
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	30	35	697,775	259,725	438,045	135	60	80	110	35	80
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	15	10	0	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	10	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0	10	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	35	30	0	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	15	15	0	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	10	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	30	10	665,365	588,950	76,415	45	35	10	100	95	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	10	10	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	30	20	10	152,450	121,715	30,735	30	25	10	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0	25	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	20	387,725	74,730	312,995	50	15	35	70	0	70
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	352,905	58,735	294,170	35	10	25	65	0	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	15	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	15	10	0	25	0	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	10	0	0	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	290	140	155	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	500	250	250	705	295	410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	50	35	15	255	135	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	250	120	130	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	450	215	235	445	165	290
Location of study inside Canada	205	95	115	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	310	155	155	380	130	250
Same as province or territory of residence	200	95	105	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	295	150	150	380	130	250
Different than province or territory of residence	10	0	10	116,855	57,870	58,990	10	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	45	25	20	414,490	209,160	205,330	140	65	80	70	35	40
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	30	15	10	45	20	25
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	10	0	10	15	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	20	20	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	40	10	30	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	25	10	15	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	95,260	49,800	45,460	25	10	15	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	10	0	10	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	20	0	10	96,865	43,055	53,805	45	25	25	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	430	205	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,240	615	620	955	415	540
In the labour force	300	150	150	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	560	315	245	695	310	385
Employed	280	135	140	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	505	280	225	650	280	370
Unemployed	20	15	10	335,015	176,245	158,775	55	35	25	45	30	15
Not in the labour force	130	55	70	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	680	305	375	255	110	150
Participation rate	69.8	73.2	68.2	64.1	67.4	60.9	45.2	51.2	39.5	72.8	74.7	71.3
Employment rate	65.1	65.9	63.6	59.3	62.3	56.3	40.7	45.5	36.3	68.1	67.5	68.5
Unemployment rate	6.7	10.0	6.7	7.6	7.7	7.4	9.8	11.1	10.2	6.5	9.7	3.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	425	205	225	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	1,235	615	620	955	415	540
Did not work¹⁸⁶	135	60	75	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	625	270	355	255	110	145
Worked	295	145	145	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	615	350	265	695	305	390
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	140	100	40	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	300	160	140	445	200	245
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	45	105	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	310	185	125	250	105	150
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	46.4	39.2	41.3	41.7	40.8	39.6	39.0	40.6	44.8	45.2	44.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	300	150	145	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	560	310	245	695	305	390
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	0	0	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	295	150	150	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	545	305	245	695	300	390
Employee	260	130	130	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	435	240	195	660	285	375
Permanent position	220	120	100	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	360	205	160	575	245	335
Temporary position	40	10	30	623,510	296,655	326,850	75	30	40	80	45	40
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	217,905	94,210	123,700	30	15	15	25	10	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	10	15	405,605	202,450	203,155	40	20	20	55	35	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	15	15	530,720	324,555	206,165	110	65	45	35	20	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	300	150	145	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	560	310	245	695	305	390
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	0	0	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	295	150	150	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	545	305	245	695	300	390
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	10	10	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	55	30	20	778,905	256,150	522,760	145	75	70	130	45	85
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	25	10	360,495	272,510	87,985	60	45	15	40	25	20
3 Health occupations	35	0	30	359,665	70,075	289,590	55	25	30	70	10	65
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	30	20	558,725	166,020	392,700	90	50	45	105	25	80
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	70	30	40	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	70	20	45	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	90	55	30	180	75	100
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	20	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	20	15	10	105	95	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	0	0	0	55	35	25
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	300	150	145	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	560	310	245	695	305	390
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	0	0	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	295	150	150	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	545	305	245	695	300	390
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	10	10	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0	10	0	0
23 Construction	10	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	0	0	35	35	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	20	15	449,115	320,715	128,405	25	10	10	65	30	35
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	15	10	0	20	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	25	0	20	514,090	248,905	265,185	80	55	20	85	50	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	10	0	0	40	30	15
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	55	25	25	25	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	25	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	30	15	10	20	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	35	15	15	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	20	10	345,345	193,365	151,985	95	50	45	55	30	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	10	171,345	104,695	66,645	25	10	10	40	20	15
61 Educational services	35	20	20	340,885	104,300	236,590	70	30	40	85	25	60
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	20	617,200	122,675	494,525	70	40	30	95	20	80
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	10	0	10	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	0	0	0	40	15	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	15	190,470	89,730	100,735	10	0	10	40	20	25
91 Public administration	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	15	10	10	35	0	25
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	150	155	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	655	360	295	730	330	405
English	60	30	30	350,525	195,385	155,145	105	65	40	25	25	0
French	75	40	35	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	210	115	95	515	225	290
Non-official language	10	0	10	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	140	65	70	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	330	180	145	175	75	95
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	10	0	10	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	150	155	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	655	360	295	730	330	405
Single responses	255	125	130	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	585	330	260	715	325	390
Official languages	245	125	115	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	585	330	260	700	315	390
English	95	45	50	668,485	365,785	302,695	190	130	65	55	35	20
French	145	80	65	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	390	200	190	645	280	365
Non-official languages	10	0	10	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0	15	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	25	25	269,365	142,370	126,995	70	35	35	20	0	15
English and French	50	25	25	249,945	132,640	117,300	70	35	35	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	150	155	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	655	360	295	730	330	405
None	180	85	100	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	385	215	170	560	245	305
English	70	40	30	720,960	391,075	329,885	175	85	95	120	60	65
French	25	10	15	302,145	161,340	140,805	85	60	25	40	20	20
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	280	140	140	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	505	280	220	650	280	370
Worked at home	115	65	55	897,770	435,285	462,480	175	95	75	110	45	65
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	10	15	442,035	333,730	108,305	35	25	15	75	45	30
Usual place of work	140	65	75	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	290	155	130	465	195	275
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	140	65	75	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	290	155	130	465	190	270
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	90	40	45	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	240	130	110	385	145	240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30	10	15	419,210	203,335	215,875	25	15	10	15	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	15	10	823,150	442,385	380,765	20	0	10	65	40	25
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	165	75	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	330	185	145	540	235	300
Car, truck or van	100	50	55	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	160	90	70	380	180	200
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	45	50	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	155	90	65	360	170	185
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0	25	0	15
Public transit	45	25	15	287,345	120,460	166,885	95	50	45	130	40	85
Walked	10	0	10	178,645	78,570	100,075	50	30	20	30	20	15
Bicycle	10	0	10	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	10	10	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	165	75	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	330	185	145	540	235	300
Less than 15 minutes	20	0	15	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	20	0	10	135	65	70
15 to 29 minutes	65	35	25	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	145	85	55	175	90	85
30 to 44 minutes	50	15	35	635,870	363,430	272,445	75	45	35	90	30	55
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	40	20	20	60	30	25
60 minutes and over	25	10	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	45	25	25	75	10	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	165	75	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	330	185	145	540	235	300
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	10	241,420	189,270	52,155	15	10	10	50	30	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	0	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	40	25	15	105	60	45
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	25	15	935,640	441,465	494,170	75	40	40	135	50	90
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	25	20	626,895	259,220	367,675	100	40	55	50	10	40
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	0	25	330,930	142,495	188,435	65	40	25	65	20	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	20	10	489,685	284,160	205,530	25	25	0	140	65	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	180	95	85	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	100	55	45	195	105	95
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	30	20	303,835	156,030	147,805	25	10	15	25	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	65	65	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	75	45	35	170	90	80
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	130	75	50	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	70	45	30	145	75	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	25	10	230,080	118,075	112,005	20	10	10	15	15	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	15	10	175,305	90,000	85,305	15	5	10	15	10	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	10	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	90	50	40	992,895	508,315	484,580	55	30	20	130	60	60

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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