Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660482More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			24661548More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	586	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	588	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	237	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	255	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	227	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	240	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	18,142.4	...	...	4.2	...	...	19,342.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	0.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	585	280	305	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	585	290	295
0 to 14 years	125	55	70	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	95	45	55
0 to 4 years	45	25	20	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	35	20	20
5 to 9 years	40	15	30	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	30	10	25
10 to 14 years	40	15	20	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	25	10	15
15 to 64 years	390	195	195	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	390	200	185
15 to 19 years	30	10	20	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	35	20	20
20 to 24 years	40	20	25	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	50	25	25
25 to 29 years	50	25	25	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	45	25	20
30 to 34 years	35	15	20	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	50	25	30
35 to 39 years	55	30	25	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	40	20	20
40 to 44 years	40	25	20	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	45	15	30
45 to 49 years	25	20	10	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	40	15	20
50 to 54 years	40	15	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	40	25	15
55 to 59 years	30	20	10	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	30	20	15
60 to 64 years	35	15	15	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	20	10	10
65 years and over	75	30	45	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	105	50	55
65 to 69 years	20	10	5	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	15	5	5	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	25	15	10
75 to 79 years	15	5	15	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	20	10	15
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	840,545	370,905	469,645	15	5	10
85 years and over	15	5	10	861,395	319,540	541,860	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	525,445	212,735	312,705	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	258,035	87,300	170,735	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.4	19.6	23.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.2	15.5	18.6
15 to 64 years	66.7	69.6	63.9	64.8	65.4	64.2	66.7	69.0	62.7
65 years and over	12.8	10.7	14.8	19.0	17.7	20.2	17.9	17.2	18.6
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.3	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.7	1.7	1.7
Average age of the population	37.5	37.8	37.2	41.9	41.0	42.8	39.3	39.2	39.6
Median age of the population	35.6	37.2	34.4	41.6	40.4	42.8	37.6	36.4	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	225	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	821,490	...	...	75	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	220	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	160	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	585	280	305	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	590	290	295
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	465	225	235	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	495	250	240
Married or living common-law	230	115	115	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	255	125	130
Married	185	90	90	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	235	115	120
Living common-law	45	20	20	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	40	20	20	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	15	5	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	721,715	365,760	355,950	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	230	110	125	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	240	120	115
Not married and not living common law - Never married	175	95	80	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	160	105	60
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	741,135	319,045	422,090	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	35	10	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	0	25	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	25	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	145	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	145	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	855,960	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	145	...	...
Total couple families	110	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	115	...	...
Married couples	90	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	105	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	35	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	383,670	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	585	280	305	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	590	295	295
Total - Persons in census families	455	210	245	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	445	210	230
Married spouses or common-law partners	220	110	110	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	235	115	115
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	30	0	30
Children⁶	205	95	115	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	180	95	85
In a two-parent family	155	70	80	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	135	70	65
In a one-parent family	50	20	30	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	45	20	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	130	70	55	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	140	80	65
Living alone	70	40	35	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	80	40	40
Living with other relatives⁷	40	20	15	927,345	393,085	534,260	15	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	10	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	50	25	25
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	230	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	240	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	120	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	35	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	441,745	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	450,415	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	663,835	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	70	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	80	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	460	225	240	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	490	250	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	220	230	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	460	235	230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,200	28,400	41,200	46,400	36,800	26,000	27,600	23,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	220	230	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	460	235	230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	32,000	26,400	36,800	40,800	33,600	24,800	25,400	23,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	195	195	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	375	195	185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,600	29,000	15,900	35,200	42,400	29,200	17,400	20,000	15,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	175	150	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	310	165	145
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,200	30,000	19,200	37,200	43,200	32,000	18,800	20,000	17,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	185	215	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	425	210	210
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	9,800	13,600	9,800	8,500	11,000	10,300	9,700	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	45	25	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	55	25	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,440	5,720	5,760	5,720	6,000	6,120	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	195	100	90	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	165	95	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	470	220	240	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	510	265	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	215	240	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	470	235	230
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	42,000	39,200	54,450	62,650	46,560	33,600	32,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	215	240	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	470	235	230
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,800	33,600	44,920	50,320	39,680	29,600	28,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	190	195	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	380	205	185
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,800	50,240	59,500	41,000	27,300	26,400	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	160	155	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	310	165	145
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,500	29,600	50,280	58,050	42,000	31,400	29,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410	195	215	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	430	205	225
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,300	12,300	16,200	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,360	11,800	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85	60	25	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	55	25	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,300	6,000	7,200	7,050	6,710	7,370	5,000	4,800	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215	90	120	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	180	100	80
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,000	10,200	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,200	9,400	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	465	225	245	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	265	240
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	40	50	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	100	55	50
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	47,600	54,800	63,600	69,000	58,000	47,600	28,400	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	54,000	60,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	51,000	44,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	75	75	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	180	95	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,700	17,800	8,500	18,400	21,000	16,600	12,300	13,400	12,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	25,000	14,800	29,160	33,960	24,860	23,200	22,800	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.0	74.0	63.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	66.0	68.0	64.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.0	62.0	48.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	62.0	62.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	31.8	26.4	37.0	17.8	13.7	23.1	34.0	32.0	36.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.9	4.0	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.7	1.4	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.3	9.6	14.8	5.4	4.5	6.6	11.8	13.2	10.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.2	8.8	13.2	4.7	4.0	5.5	10.6	12.0	9.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	465	225	235	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	495	250	240
Without total income	20	10	10	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	35	20	15
With total income	445	215	230	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	460	230	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	20	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	55	25	30
$10,000 to $19,999	80	25	55	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	100	45	55
$20,000 to $29,999	90	45	50	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	110	60	50
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	30	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	70	40	25
$40,000 to $49,999	75	40	35	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	45	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	5	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	25	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	10	0	10
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	0	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	10	0	10
$150,000 and over	5	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	465	225	235	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	495	250	240
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	35	20	15
With after-tax income	445	215	230	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	460	230	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	55	25	35
$10,000 to $19,999	85	25	60	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	105	50	60
$20,000 to $29,999	110	55	50	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	130	75	55
$30,000 to $39,999	75	40	30	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	75	40	35
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	15	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	465	225	235	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	495	250	240
Without employment income	140	50	95	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	180	85	100
With employment income	320	175	145	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	310	165	145
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	15	20	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	45	15	25
$5,000 to $9,999	45	15	25	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	60	35	25	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	70	45	30
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	45	30	15
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	35	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	35	30	10	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	25	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	5	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	15	5	10
$60,000 to $69,999	15	15	5	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	929,490	539,395	390,095	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	5	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	5	0	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	460	225	240	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	490	250	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	215	220	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	440	220	220
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,800	26,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	22,200	25,200	21,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	215	220	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	440	220	220
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	31,200	24,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	22,000	23,200	21,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	195	190	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	355	180	175
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,400	32,400	19,800	36,800	44,000	30,800	21,600	24,600	16,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	175	150	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	280	150	130
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	36,400	23,800	38,000	44,400	32,800	25,000	26,800	22,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	160	190	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	375	185	190
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	2,320	9,900	4,240	1,960	6,450	5,560	2,960	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	15	30	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	25	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	x	4,640	5,720	5,560	5,960	6,950	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	470	220	240	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	510	265	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	215	240	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	425	210	215
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,200	52,350	61,250	43,800	31,200	31,400	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	215	240	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	425	210	215
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,200	29,800	42,920	49,000	37,160	27,200	27,200	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	190	205	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	320	165	150
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,600	51,040	60,800	41,320	31,600	32,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	160	160	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	255	130	120
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	30,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	36,800	37,500	36,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	180	205	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	380	180	200
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	7,300	10,200	7,950	6,990	8,800	8,400	6,320	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60	35	25	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	10	0	10
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,400	6,400	7,560	6,880	8,210	9,000	...	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	465	225	245	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	265	240
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	40	50	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	90	45	50
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,400	42,000	43,600	60,000	66,000	53,600	44,400	40,400	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	50,000	56,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	48,000	52,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	150	75	75	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	155	75	75
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	36,400	16,400	24,200	28,000	21,800	20,400	29,200	12,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	32,000	19,500	35,200	41,280	29,720	31,600	32,000	32,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.5	84.0	74.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	76.0	82.0	70.0
Employment income (%)	68.0	74.0	61.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	71.0	76.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)	20.6	15.4	26.0	12.3	8.9	16.9	24.0	17.6	30.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.0	...	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	55,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	73,000	...	...	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	70	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	41,600	...	...	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	28,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	105,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	106,300	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	46,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	38,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	105,700	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	178,475	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	637,695	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	505,875	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	488,735	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	560,950	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	572,650	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	559,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	986,460	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	921,205	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	844,835	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	186,735	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	183,430	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	681,900	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	589,110	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	582,275	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	666,675	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	676,995	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	655,100	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	911,515	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	105,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	79,000	...	...	45,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	64,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	95	50	45	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	125	70	55
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	35,600	26,600	38,400	40,000	36,800	22,800	25,200	21,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	30,200	26,200	34,800	36,000	33,600	22,400	24,400	21,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	160	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	75	40	40	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	140	90	55
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	34,000	48,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	34,500	31,000	40,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	28,000	40,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	29,600	27,000	34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	585	280	305	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	585	290	295
0 to 17 years	140	60	75	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	110	55	60
0 to 5 years	50	25	25	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	370	185	185	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	375	190	180
65 years and over	75	30	45	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	105	50	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	85	40	50	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	160	80	80
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	854,565	439,490	415,075	35	20	15
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	20	15	5
18 to 64 years	45	25	25	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	100	50	55
65 years and over	20	5	15	985,745	391,695	594,050	20	15	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.0	16.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	26.4	27.0	26.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	16.0	14.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	30.0	38.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	16.0	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	40.0	60.0	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	11.0	14.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	26.8	25.0	28.0
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.0	28.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	22.0	24.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	585	280	305	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	590	295	295
0 to 17 years	140	65	80	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	115	50	60
0 to 5 years	50	30	20	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	370	185	185	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	370	190	185
65 years and over	75	35	40	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	100	45	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	15	20	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	135	70	65
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	30	20	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	15	10	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	90	45	45
65 years and over	10	0	5	199,155	83,010	116,145	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	5.0	6.4	5.2	5.4	5.0	22.8	23.0	23.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	26.0	36.0	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	32.0	60.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.0	7.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	24.0	23.0	26.0
65 years and over (%)	14.0	12.0	12.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	14.0	12.0	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	585	280	305	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	585	290	295
In bottom half of the distribution	450	210	245	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	470	235	230
In bottom decile	80	35	40	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	160	80	80
In second decile	80	35	40	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	105	55	45
In third decile	100	45	50	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	85	40	45
In fourth decile	120	50	65	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	65	35	30
In fifth decile	75	40	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	50	25	30
In top half of the distribution	135	70	60	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	120	60	65
In sixth decile	40	20	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	70	30	35
In seventh decile	35	20	20	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	30	10	15
In eighth decile	20	15	10	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	20	10	5
In ninth decile	20	10	10	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	5	0	0
In top decile	15	5	5	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	585	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	590	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.261	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.458	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.226	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	585	280	305	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	590	295	295
English only	75	40	35	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	230	110	115
French only	155	70	85	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	65	35	30
English and French	315	150	160	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	245	125	120
Neither English nor French	40	15	30	689,725	284,170	405,555	50	20	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	585	280	305	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	590	295	295
English	155	80	75	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	335	165	175
French	310	150	160	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	120	65	60
English and French	85	35	45	476,175	237,635	238,535	85	50	35
Neither English nor French	40	15	30	673,100	275,685	397,420	50	20	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	585	280	305	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	590	295	295
Single responses	510	240	270	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	535	270	265
Official languages	215	105	110	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	150	75	80
English	45	30	20	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	80	35	45
French	170	80	90	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	70	35	30
Non-official languages	295	135	160	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	380	195	185
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	295	135	160	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	380	195	185
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	698,355	359,625	338,730	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	618,450	320,045	298,405	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	20	508,410	265,350	243,060	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	192,985	87,230	105,750	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	19,525	8,820	10,705	5	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	5	173,000	78,180	94,820	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	5	5	565,375	238,875	326,500	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	5	5	461,150	194,805	266,345	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	15	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	15	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	244,165	125,180	118,990	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0	0	0
Tamil	15	5	10	152,850	75,010	77,845	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	80	100	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	335	165	165
Albanian	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	648,810	297,100	351,710	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	638,250	292,670	345,580	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	10	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	825	410	420	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	905	430	480	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	93,335	45,860	47,470	110	50	55
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	30	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	195	100	95
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	35	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	180	90	85
Assamese	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	35	15	20
Gujarati	10	5	5	138,985	73,335	65,655	15	5	5
Hindi	5	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	25	666,585	341,515	325,065	100	55	45
Rohingya	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	15	5	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	60	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	10	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0
Italian	50	15	30	319,505	154,295	165,205	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	15	15	240,680	115,235	125,450	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	538,870	259,500	279,375	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	108,295	52,850	55,440	5	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	520	200	320	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	5	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	27,805	12,415	15,390	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	553,380	255,540	297,835	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	40	35	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	50	30	30
English and French	15	5	10	291,325	142,420	148,905	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	5	921,480	450,685	470,800	30	10	20
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	117,910	57,875	60,040	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	52,880	25,900	26,975	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	585	280	305	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	590	295	295
English	50	25	25	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	70	40	35
French	145	75	75	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	50	35	20
Non-official language	125	50	75	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	175	85	90
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	50	75	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	175	85	90
English and French	55	20	30	953,760	465,560	488,205	25	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	20	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	135	70	70
French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	395,320	188,195	207,125	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	455,760	217,995	237,770	80	35	45
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	200,320	93,165	107,155	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	585	280	305	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	590	295	295
Single responses	490	235	255	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	510	255	250
Official languages	285	135	145	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	215	115	100
English	85	40	45	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	130	70	65
French	200	95	100	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	80	45	35
Non-official languages	205	95	110	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	300	140	155
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	205	95	110	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	300	140	155
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	395,840	197,010	198,830	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	352,790	176,270	176,520	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	10	285,915	143,650	142,260	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	127,730	58,660	69,070	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	116,785	53,735	63,055	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	169,705	85,265	84,440	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	5	112,335	54,240	58,095	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	55	70	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	270	130	140
Albanian	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	38,300	17,490	20,810	80	40	45
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	180	85	90
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	962,820	490,815	472,000	160	80	80
Assamese	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	35	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	5	0	5
Hindi	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	15	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	30	520,390	266,775	253,610	90	45	45
Rohingya	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	15	5	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	20	40	577,735	273,965	303,770	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	35	10	25	92,755	38,750	54,005	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	118,730	56,685	62,045	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	317,365	155,005	162,360	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	967,965	450,210	517,755	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	0	5	955,685	444,115	511,565	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Multiple responses	95	45	50	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	75	35	40
English and French	15	5	10	230,955	112,070	118,880	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	40	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	125,525	60,405	65,125	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	56,805	27,370	29,430	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	585	280	305	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	590	295	295
None	385	180	205	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	340	170	170
English	60	35	25	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	70	30	35
French	55	25	30	571,040	268,530	302,510	30	10	15
Non-official language	45	20	25	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	80	40	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	80	40	35
English and French	10	5	5	86,185	42,600	43,585	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	134,565	61,575	72,995	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	600	295	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	620	320	305
Official languages	555	280	275	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	585	300	280
English	390	185	205	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	530	270	260
French	455	230	220	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	345	185	160
Non-official languages	445	205	240	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	500	250	255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	445	205	240	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	500	250	255
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	15	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	15	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	15	838,045	436,510	401,540	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	260,030	120,035	139,995	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	10	20	359,485	185,160	174,325	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	20	237,890	119,570	118,320	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	140	180	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	435	220	225
Albanian	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	150	65	85
Indo-Iranian languages	100	45	55	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	270	140	125
Indo-Aryan languages	100	45	55	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	270	140	125
Assamese	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	100	40	60
Gujarati	35	20	20	209,415	110,000	99,405	40	10	30
Hindi	65	25	35	761,425	395,410	366,015	75	25	55
Kacchi	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	30	942,170	488,075	454,090	135	95	45
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	90	115	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0
Italian	70	30	45	547,655	263,950	283,705	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	35	40	336,865	164,985	171,880	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0	0	0
Spanish	70	20	45	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	605	295	300	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	315	305
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	605	295	300	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	620	315	305
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	605	295	300	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	315	305
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	605	295	300	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	620	315	305
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Owner	95	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	55	...	...
Renter	135	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	195	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	210	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	45	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	85	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	85	...	...
3 bedrooms	70	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	105	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	160	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	6.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	215	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	220	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	353,715	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Suitable	195	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	200	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	805,650	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
1960 or before	85	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	140	...	...
1961 to 1980	80	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	50	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	215	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	245	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	919,545	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
One-maintainer household	145	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	135	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	95	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	687,485	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	424,695	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	65	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	65	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	15	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	457,900	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	235	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	255	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	200	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	170	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	80	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	230	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	595,110	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	645,465	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	64,095	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	155	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	230	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	240	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	60	...	...
Not in core need	210	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	60	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	33.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,240	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,040	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	620,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	135	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	195	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8	...	...	33.2	...	...	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	27.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	1,070	...	...	775	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	1,209	...	...	820	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	600	300	305	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	300
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	600	300	305	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	615	315	300
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	600	300	305	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	620	320	300
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	505	260	245	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	420	210	215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130	75	55	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	105	55	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	380	185	195	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	315	155	165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	95	35	55	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	205	110	90
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	600	300	305	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	620	320	300
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	305	160	145	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	250	120	130
Immigrants⁸¹	265	125	140	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	245	125	125
Before 1980	50	30	25	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	75	40	40
1980 to 1990	55	40	20	924,320	443,805	480,520	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	65	20	50	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	60	25	35
2001 to 2010	35	15	20	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	40	20	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	25	30	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	65	40	25
2011 to 2015	30	20	10	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	30	10	20	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	55	35	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	10	15	924,850	499,490	425,365	125	75	50
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	270	130	140	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	245	125	120
Under 5 years	30	10	20	748,265	377,795	370,470	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	30	20	10	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	45	20	25
15 to 24 years	80	35	40	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	60	35	30
25 to 44 years	120	60	65	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	120	70	50
45 years and over	0	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	270	130	140	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	245	125	120
Americas	45	20	20	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	25	15	15
Brazil	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	250,760	116,305	134,460	0	0	0
Europe	85	40	45	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	110	55	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	90	35	50
Hungary	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	0	0	0
Italy	45	20	25	204,065	101,445	102,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	0	0	0
Portugal	35	10	25	128,795	62,880	65,910	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	0	0	0
Africa	40	20	20	821,735	412,365	409,375	30	15	15
Algeria	15	10	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	15	81,775	41,085	40,685	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	30	15	15
Asia	100	40	55	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	90	45	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	55	20	30
India	55	20	30	898,050	451,120	446,930	15	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	136,240	66,215	70,030	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	0	20	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	55	35	25
Americas	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	15	0	10
France	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	0	0	0
Asia	30	0	20	823,205	393,110	430,090	15	15	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0
India	30	0	20	246,995	128,205	118,790	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	600	295	300	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	320	305
First generation¹⁰⁰	300	145	155	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	375	200	175
Second generation¹⁰¹	205	110	105	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	215	100	115
Third generation or more¹⁰²	90	50	45	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	35	20	15
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	215	100	115	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	170	90	85
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	90	40	45	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	15	10	0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	50	30	20	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	0	0	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	10	30	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	80	30	50	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	80	35	45
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	30	15	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	60	35	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	15	10	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	215	100	115	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	170	90	85
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	15	416,105	222,895	193,205	50	30	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	20	10	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	165	75	95	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	95	40	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	600	295	300	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	315	305
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	305	155	150	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	375	205	170
South Asian	135	65	70	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	265	140	125
Chinese	0	0	0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	0	0	0
Black	15	10	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	55	30	25
Filipino	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	0	0	0
Arab	55	35	20	694,015	362,845	331,170	15	10	0
Latin American	45	15	30	580,235	281,030	299,200	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	40	25	20	390,340	184,120	206,220	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	295	145	150	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	245	115	125
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	600	300	305	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	625	320	300
Canadian	45	25	20	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	35	25	10
English	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	0	0	0
Irish	15	10	10	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	20	0	20
Scottish	0	0	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	10	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30	15	15	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	30	20	10
German	0	0	0	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	0	0	0
Chinese	10	0	10	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	0	0	0
Italian	85	35	50	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	0	0	0
Indian (India)	50	15	35	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	115	70	50
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	10	0	0
Québécois	35	15	20	981,635	490,130	491,510	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	15	10	0
Russian	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	0	0	0
Portuguese	80	40	40	448,305	222,770	225,535	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	342,040	160,475	181,570	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	45	25	20
Vietnamese	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15	263,710	138,210	125,500	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	140	70	70
Jamaican	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	35	25	10
Austrian	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	15	0	10
Hindu	30	20	15	166,160	87,665	78,495	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	25	10	20	132,410	65,175	67,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	80	30	50
Algerian	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0
Berber	25	15	10	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	10	10	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	605	295	300	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	620	315	305
Buddhist	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	0	0	0
Christian	280	140	145	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	225	110	120
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	20	10	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	0	0	0
Catholic	250	130	120	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	45	25	20
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	150	70	80
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	10	0	0
Hindu	80	40	40	828,195	430,135	398,060	60	20	35
Jewish	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	0	0	0
Muslim	75	45	25	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	165	80	85
Sikh	45	20	30	771,790	394,345	377,445	125	85	40
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	110	50	60	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	40	25	20
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	600	300	300	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	610	310	300
Non-movers	545	270	270	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	525	275	255
Movers	55	30	25	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	85	35	50
Non-migrants	30	20	15	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	55	20	30
Migrants	20	10	15	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	30	15	15
Internal migrants	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	0	0	0
External migrants	15	10	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	30	15	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	555	275	280	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	580	295	285
Non-movers	325	165	160	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	300	135	160
Movers	230	105	120	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	280	155	125
Non-migrants	180	90	85	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	105	55	55
Migrants	45	15	30	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	180	105	75
Internal migrants	20	0	15	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	25	20	10
Intraprovincial migrants	15	0	10	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	15	15	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	10	0	0
External migrants	30	15	20	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	155	90	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	465	225	245	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	510	265	240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	80	80	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	165	80	80
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	305	145	160	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	345	180	160
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	165	170	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	315	160	155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	95	40	55	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	70	40	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	240	125	110	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	250	120	125
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	470	225	240	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	510	265	245
No certificate, diploma or degree	155	70	85	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	165	85	75
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	55	40	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	130	90	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	220	100	125	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	215	90	125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	65	60	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	80	40	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	30	15	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	20	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	15	15	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	40	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	40	10	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	35	65	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	135	50	80
Bachelor's degree	65	25	40	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	95	40	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	556,510	243,200	313,310	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	0	0	0
Master's degree	15	10	0	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	15	0	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	15	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	165	165	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	315	165	155
No certificate, diploma or degree	90	35	55	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	70	40	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	45	15	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	70	45	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	180	85	95	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	180	75	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	55	40	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	65	35	25
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	10	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	20	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	20	10	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	25	30	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	30	10	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	15	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	30	55	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	120	40	75
Bachelor's degree	60	20	40	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	80	40	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	430,875	179,230	251,645	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	15	0	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	465	225	240	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	505	265	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	245	125	120	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	295	175	120
Education	25	10	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	10	0	10
13. Education	25	10	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	0	0	0
Humanities	10	10	0	926,560	354,120	572,440	25	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	45	10	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	25	0	25
Business, management and public administration	50	20	35	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	40	15	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	20	35	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	40	15	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	25	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	25	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	30	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	25	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	10	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	548,520	151,115	397,410	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	165	165	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	315	160	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	75	70	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	135	85	55
Education	20	0	15	742,175	158,185	583,990	15	0	15
13. Education	20	0	15	742,175	158,185	583,990	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	0	0	0
Humanities	10	10	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	25	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	20	0	15
Business, management and public administration	35	20	15	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	40	15	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	20	15	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	40	15	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	20	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	10	772,450	399,835	372,615	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	335	165	165	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	315	160	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	75	70	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	135	85	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	180	90	95	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	180	80	100
Location of study inside Canada	130	65	60	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	100	45	55
Same as province or territory of residence	120	60	60	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	95	45	50
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	50	25	35	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	80	30	50
Americas	10	0	10	483,810	238,040	245,775	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520	25	10	15
Belgium	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	0	0	0
Asia	20	0	15	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	50	15	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	405,850	199,380	206,475	30	0	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	470	225	240	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	510	265	245
In the labour force	310	145	165	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	315	165	155
Employed	260	105	150	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	275	150	125
Unemployed	50	40	10	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	45	20	25
Not in the labour force	155	80	80	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	185	100	90
Participation rate	66.0	64.4	68.8	63.7	67.7	59.8	61.8	62.3	63.3
Employment rate	55.3	46.7	62.5	57.1	60.9	53.4	53.9	56.6	51.0
Unemployment rate	16.1	27.6	6.1	10.3	9.9	10.7	14.3	12.1	16.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	465	225	240	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	505	265	240
Did not work¹⁸⁶	220	100	120	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	210	115	95
Worked	245	125	120	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	300	150	145
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	95	40	50	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	105	55	45
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	80	70	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	200	95	100
Average weeks worked in reference year	32.6	33.2	31.8	41.0	41.7	40.3	37.2	38.0	36.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	310	145	165	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	320	165	150
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	15	10	486,865	237,950	248,915	20	0	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	290	130	155	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	300	165	140
Employee	265	115	150	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	270	135	135
Permanent position	190	80	110	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	195	95	105
Temporary position	80	40	40	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	70	40	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	15	0	867,740	386,965	480,775	40	20	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	25	35	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	30	15	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	15	0	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	30	25	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	310	145	165	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	320	165	150
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	15	10	486,865	237,950	248,915	20	0	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	290	130	155	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	300	165	140
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	20	20	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	40	15	25
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	15	15	0
3 Health occupations	35	10	20	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	0	25	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	40	10	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	0	10	596,785	275,420	321,360	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	90	40	50	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	100	60	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	30	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	40	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	10	30	857,540	612,415	245,120	60	25	35
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	310	145	165	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	320	165	150
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	15	10	486,865	237,950	248,915	20	0	15
All industries¹⁹¹	290	130	155	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	300	165	140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	50	20	30	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	35	30	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	25	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	25	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	55	20	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	30	25	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	20	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	10	10	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	15	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	20	10	0
61 Educational services	15	0	15	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	30	10	20
62 Health care and social assistance	40	15	30	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	20	10	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	25	15	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	20	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	15	10	797,935	373,775	424,165	0	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	10	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	320	160	160	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	325	175	155
English	55	15	35	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	145	85	55
French	90	65	25	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	45	20	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	0	0	0
English and French	140	55	80	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	90	40	50
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	570,220	291,000	279,220	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	320	160	160	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	325	175	155
Single responses	240	125	115	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	310	165	145
Official languages	220	115	105	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	295	155	140
English	85	30	60	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	200	115	85
French	135	90	50	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	95	40	55
Non-official languages	20	10	10	310,455	161,825	148,635	20	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10	291,025	152,095	138,925	20	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	20	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	30	50	453,880	231,205	222,675	15	10	10
English and French	70	30	40	321,975	163,305	158,675	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	320	160	160	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	325	175	155
None	220	115	110	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	200	105	95
English	65	35	30	902,625	474,755	427,875	60	30	35
French	25	10	15	589,755	288,955	300,800	30	20	10
Non-official language	10	0	10	331,375	168,035	163,335	25	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	313,185	160,295	152,885	25	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	260	110	155	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	275	145	125
Worked at home	25	20	0	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	65	45	25
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	20	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	45	40	0
Usual place of work	205	65	140	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	160	65	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	205	65	140	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	165	65	100
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	50	90	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	130	50	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	45	10	35	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	15	15	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	0	10	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	10	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	235	85	150	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	210	105	105
Car, truck or van	110	60	50	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	100	60	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	100	60	40	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	85	60	30
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050	15	0	10
Public transit	75	25	60	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	75	30	45
Walked	45	0	45	672,815	296,610	376,205	25	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	235	85	150	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	210	105	105
Less than 15 minutes	50	20	25	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	40	25	20
15 to 29 minutes	70	15	60	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	65	45	20
30 to 44 minutes	75	35	45	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	60	15	35
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	15	910,610	542,485	368,125	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	926,120	599,115	327,005	35	15	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	235	85	150	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	210	105	105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	20	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	15	15	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	20	35	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	35	10	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	10	50	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	10	0	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	10	30	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	60	25	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	20	15	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	75	50	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145	65	75	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	115	55	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	15	897,205	456,120	441,085	45	20	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	55	70	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	80	35	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	100	40	60	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	80	35	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	10	682,190	346,420	335,770	30	15	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	5	10	467,685	234,475	233,215	25	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	35	50	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	50	25	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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