Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660401More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24661139More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	508	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	719	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	180	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	303	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	176	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	289	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,199.0	...	...	6.5	...	...	15,942.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.16	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	510	255	255	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	720	335	380
0 to 14 years	50	25	25	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	75	40	40
0 to 4 years	5	0	5	422,980	217,145	205,840	30	15	20
5 to 9 years	10	5	5	478,955	245,295	233,665	25	15	5
10 to 14 years	30	20	15	489,425	250,855	238,570	25	15	10
15 to 64 years	330	170	165	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	450	235	210
15 to 19 years	30	10	15	429,400	219,400	209,995	15	5	10
20 to 24 years	45	25	20	460,660	235,250	225,405	15	10	5
25 to 29 years	30	15	20	527,150	266,455	260,700	75	40	35
30 to 34 years	25	15	10	536,040	267,770	268,270	85	40	40
35 to 39 years	20	10	5	550,425	274,350	276,075	85	40	40
40 to 44 years	20	10	10	572,565	286,405	286,160	45	25	20
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	35	25	15
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	522,935	262,610	260,325	30	20	15
55 to 59 years	45	20	25	615,690	307,230	308,465	30	20	10
60 to 64 years	50	25	25	625,610	307,710	317,900	30	20	10
65 years and over	125	60	60	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	195	65	130
65 to 69 years	25	10	15	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	15	10
70 to 74 years	35	15	15	455,900	217,985	237,910	30	10	20
75 to 79 years	25	10	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	35	10	25
80 to 84 years	20	15	10	210,405	90,825	119,580	35	10	25
85 years and over	15	5	10	214,415	75,305	139,115	70	20	55
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	131,755	50,610	81,150	35	15	20
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	65,020	20,490	44,535	20	5	20
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	15	0	10
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.8	9.8	9.8	16.4	17.0	15.8	10.4	11.9	10.5
15 to 64 years	64.7	66.7	64.7	63.0	63.9	62.1	62.5	70.1	55.3
65 years and over	24.5	23.5	23.5	20.6	19.1	22.1	27.1	19.4	34.2
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.9	2.5	1.8	3.2	9.7	6.0	14.5
Average age of the population	47.1	47.0	47.2	42.8	41.8	43.7	47.1	43.6	50.1
Median age of the population	50.8	50.4	50.8	43.2	42.0	44.0	40.8	39.6	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Single-detached house	175	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	290	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	130	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	100	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	480,135	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	427,605	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	228,060	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	510	255	255	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	545	270	275
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	455	230	230	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	645	300	340
Married or living common-law	280	140	140	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	290	155	140
Married	265	135	130	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	145	75	70
Living common-law	15	10	10	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	145	75	75
Living common law - Never married	5	5	5	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	140	70	65
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	175	90	85	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	350	145	205
Not married and not living common law - Never married	135	75	60	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	250	120	125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	10	10	494,210	197,455	296,755	45	15	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	15	380,100	89,515	290,580	50	5	45
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	454,980	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	412,850	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	187,600	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	140	...	...
Total couple families	140	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	125	...	...
Married couples	130	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...	502,020	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	609,605	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	828,005	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	401,885	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	426,120	...	...	55	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	383,775	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	284,025	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	510	255	250	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	545	270	280
Total - Persons in census families	475	240	235	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	360	180	185
Married spouses or common-law partners	275	135	135	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	245	130	120
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	5	383,780	99,755	284,020	15	0	15
Children⁶	185	100	85	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	100	50	50
In a two-parent family	165	85	80	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	85	45	40
In a one-parent family	25	10	10	585,820	317,400	268,415	20	5	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35	15	20	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	180	85	90
Living alone	25	10	15	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	135	55	80
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	0	0	0	268,810	158,325	110,485	45	30	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	290	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	135	...	...
Couple-family households	130	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	851,835	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	982,260	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	331,395	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	0	...	...	139,280	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	135	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	460	230	230	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	465	230	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	225	225	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	460	225	230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	33,200	40,800	44,800	37,200	47,200	51,200	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	225	225	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	460	225	230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,400	36,400	39,200	33,600	41,200	44,400	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	215	210	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	430	220	210
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	27,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	45,200	48,800	43,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	305	155	150	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	385	205	185
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,000	36,000	40,400	31,600	48,000	51,600	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	175	175	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	345	155	190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	10,700	11,000	11,500	10,200	12,300	7,550	6,800	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15	15	5	837,635	441,080	396,550	50	25	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	6,280	5,480	6,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130	75	55	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	135	80	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	6,000	7,500	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	430	210	225	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	495	240	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	220	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	490	240	250
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	83,200	134,000	36,000	51,160	57,550	44,960	64,800	68,500	60,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	220	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	490	240	250
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,200	89,000	31,000	41,840	45,760	38,000	51,000	53,600	48,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	190	205	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	445	240	205
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	80,000	135,000	28,400	45,480	52,900	38,000	64,000	65,000	63,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	110	130	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	420	220	200
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	84,000	32,500	46,240	51,950	40,040	64,800	67,000	62,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325	160	160	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	330	140	185
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,240	10,900	13,600	12,410	11,500	13,220	9,000	6,400	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	55	30	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	5,400	3,800	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110	45	60	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	135	60	70
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	5,800	10,400	8,130	7,910	8,390	7,300	7,800	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	435	210	225	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	240	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	105	60	45	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	255	135	120
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	61,200	70,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	77,000	78,500	72,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,000	128,000	66,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	84,000	86,000	82,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	95	30	65	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	145	70	70
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	9,300	12,100	5,080	18,600	21,400	16,600	24,000	25,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	34,000	10,800	28,160	32,120	24,360	36,000	39,000	34,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.0	94.0	72.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	91.0	94.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	38.5	34.0	54.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	86.0	92.0	82.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.2	6.5	27.6	20.1	15.8	25.6	9.3	5.4	13.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	1.2	8.8	5.4	4.8	6.1	3.4	3.2	3.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	1.0	8.0	4.6	4.3	5.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	455	230	230	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	470	230	235
Without total income	5	0	5	179,955	87,650	92,310	5	0	0
With total income	455	230	220	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	460	230	235
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	10	25	462,400	204,245	258,155	25	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	30	809,375	334,315	475,065	40	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	70	30	45	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	65	30	35
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	25	896,520	414,070	482,445	50	30	25
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	20	849,005	411,680	437,325	65	25	35
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	687,020	345,720	341,305	50	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	15	503,110	271,695	231,415	35	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	15	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	40	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	15	284,690	158,760	125,930	25	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	20	10	5
$100,000 and over	65	50	20	556,780	365,700	191,080	50	30	15
$100,000 to $149,999	40	20	15	385,890	245,635	140,260	30	25	10
$150,000 and over	30	25	5	170,890	120,065	50,820	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	455	230	230	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	470	230	235
Without after-tax income	5	0	5	177,960	86,610	91,355	5	0	0
With after-tax income	455	230	220	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	460	230	235
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	15	25	495,035	214,000	281,030	25	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	853,250	356,480	496,765	40	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	90	35	55	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	80	35	40
$30,000 to $39,999	60	35	25	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	75	40	35
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	994,235	505,970	488,265	65	25	45
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	691,015	372,870	318,145	65	35	30
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	459,665	251,490	208,170	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	292,135	160,985	131,150	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	40	30	5	229,765	156,750	73,020	20	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	10	5	5
$125,000 and over	25	20	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	10	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	455	230	230	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	470	230	235
Without employment income	155	75	80	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	80	25	55
With employment income	300	155	145	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	390	200	185
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	10	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	25	10	15
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	15	401,185	180,585	220,595	20	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	45	30	15	603,350	273,725	329,620	40	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	25	15	10	495,105	228,670	266,435	45	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	15	488,000	239,620	248,380	30	10	20
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	485,845	242,230	243,610	35	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	10	0	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	45	15	30
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	15	320,700	184,770	135,935	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	15	250,635	147,020	103,615	35	25	5
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	218,100	120,085	98,020	30	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	141,540	86,090	55,450	20	15	5
$100,000 and over	45	30	15	422,055	285,910	136,145	40	30	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	25	15	5
$125,000 and over	30	25	5	216,965	152,410	64,555	20	15	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	460	230	230	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	465	230	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	220	215	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	445	220	220
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,600	34,800	38,400	43,200	34,000	46,800	54,400	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	220	215	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	445	220	220
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	30,600	34,000	37,600	30,600	40,800	44,400	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	415	205	205	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	410	210	200
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	28,800	34,800	40,400	29,200	46,800	54,400	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	305	155	155	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	380	195	180
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	34,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	49,600	54,400	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	155	165	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	320	145	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,400	6,160	7,800	5,640	9,100	1,760	1,450	2,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	10	5	727,165	390,255	336,910	45	25	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	6,240	5,200	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	430	210	225	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	495	240	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	205	200	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	460	225	240
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,800	130,000	35,600	48,600	55,500	41,880	61,200	69,000	54,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	205	200	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	460	225	240
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	80,000	30,400	39,600	44,000	35,320	49,200	54,400	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	185	200	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	420	220	200
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,600	134,000	29,600	45,920	53,800	37,920	62,600	68,000	56,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	240	105	135	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	405	210	195
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,000	104,000	34,500	46,240	52,450	39,520	62,400	67,500	56,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	290	140	150	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	290	125	165
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,200	9,000	9,450	8,430	10,320	6,200	2,920	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	30	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	6,800	6,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	435	210	225	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	240	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	55	45	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	255	135	120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	87,000	69,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	67,000	73,500	66,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	104,000	136,000	62,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	75,500	80,000	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	30	60	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	130	65	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,800	21,400	8,500	23,600	27,200	21,000	34,000	34,800	28,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	30,000	20,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	39,500	42,000	38,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	96.0	82.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	94.0	98.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	46.0	42.0	62.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	89.0	94.0	84.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.0	18.5	14.9	10.8	20.2	6.4	2.4	11.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	...	1.6	1.3	2.0	0.7	0.8	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	290	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	38,800	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	34,400	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	150	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	206,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	75,200	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	61,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	228,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	290	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	218,185	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	144,420	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	143,285	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	172,005	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	174,790	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	310,880	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	280,505	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	255,770	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	208,320	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	100	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	414,805	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	282,590	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	307,835	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	50	...	...	239,060	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	290	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	234,875	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	177,135	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	180,150	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	0	...	...	213,760	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	210,280	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	193,530	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	356,325	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	322,530	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	216,370	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	892,775	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	387,835	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	225,830	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	55	...	...	279,105	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	991,710	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	907,765	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	368,845	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30	10	15	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	175	85	90
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	x	x	36,800	39,200	34,800	41,600	39,200	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	x	x	33,200	34,800	31,600	36,800	34,800	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	232,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	992,110	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	909,160	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	350,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	185,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	240,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	144,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	367,155	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25	15	0	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	160	60	95
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	45,000	x	45,480	48,000	42,920	53,000	48,000	56,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	40,000	x	38,040	39,400	36,640	42,000	40,000	44,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	505	255	255	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	545	265	275
0 to 17 years	70	35	35	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	85	40	40
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	515,725	264,785	250,935	30	15	20
18 to 64 years	310	160	155	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	415	210	210
65 years and over	125	60	65	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	40	15	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30	10	20	992,235	463,295	528,940	65	25	40
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	159,530	82,000	77,530	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	5	5	5	515,470	256,435	259,035	45	20	25
65 years and over	20	5	15	317,235	124,865	192,370	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	4.0	8.5	11.9	11.2	12.7	12.0	10.0	13.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	8.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	...	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	3.0	x	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.4	9.5	12.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	6.0	20.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	36.0	30.0	36.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	510	255	250	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	545	270	280
0 to 17 years	70	35	40	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	85	45	40
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	511,400	262,535	248,860	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	315	160	155	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	415	210	205
65 years and over	125	65	60	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	45	15	25
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15	5	5	439,850	223,055	216,795	45	25	25
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5	5	0	313,970	167,015	146,955	35	20	20
65 years and over	10	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	3.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	8.8	8.0	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	6.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	...	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	6.2	6.6	5.8	9.0	9.0	9.5
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	8.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	10.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	510	255	255	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	540	265	275
In bottom half of the distribution	160	70	95	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	265	125	145
In bottom decile	25	10	20	851,840	407,705	444,140	65	30	35
In second decile	20	10	15	920,490	434,730	485,760	60	35	30
In third decile	30	15	15	969,255	471,650	497,600	50	20	25
In fourth decile	50	25	25	978,345	482,760	495,590	55	25	35
In fifth decile	35	20	20	947,090	473,285	473,810	30	15	20
In top half of the distribution	350	190	160	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	275	145	135
In sixth decile	40	20	15	899,660	454,970	444,690	65	30	35
In seventh decile	45	20	20	837,225	425,400	411,830	60	35	30
In eighth decile	45	20	20	752,410	383,450	368,955	60	30	25
In ninth decile	70	35	35	634,425	325,700	308,730	55	30	20
In top decile	140	80	65	517,725	267,160	250,565	40	20	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	510	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.420	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.506	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.414	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.346	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.281	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	510	255	250	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	280
English only	25	15	15	445,575	228,840	216,735	45	30	20
French only	75	30	45	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	120	50	65
English and French	400	210	195	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	370	190	185
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	82,075	35,200	46,875	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	510	255	250	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	280
English	270	140	130	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	150	85	70
French	155	75	80	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	360	170	185
English and French	80	45	35	329,515	169,050	160,465	20	15	10
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	79,000	33,590	45,410	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	510	255	250	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	280
Single responses	470	235	235	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	515	255	255
Official languages	175	95	85	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	425	215	205
English	100	55	45	639,365	323,170	316,195	110	60	45
French	80	40	40	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	315	155	160
Non-official languages	290	145	150	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	90	40	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	290	145	150	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	90	40	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	233,220	122,895	110,320	10	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	10	204,600	107,735	96,865	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	10	198,785	104,765	94,020	10	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	37,425	17,185	20,240	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	28,630	13,180	15,450	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	260	130	130	595,790	290,670	305,115	60	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	10	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	5	0	0
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	5	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	101,450	52,780	48,665	25	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	63,025	33,465	29,555	20	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	15	10	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	5	0	5
Dari	5	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	120	115	346,000	167,870	178,130	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	225	115	110	90,940	44,080	46,865	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	5	0	5
Spanish	10	5	5	177,155	86,490	90,660	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	20	308,550	155,455	153,095	30	10	20
English and French	10	5	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	15	5	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	49,485	24,660	24,825	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	510	255	250	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	280
English	160	85	80	623,305	313,780	309,520	100	60	45
French	75	40	35	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	270	120	150
Non-official language	60	30	35	366,730	177,410	189,315	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	30	35	343,650	165,830	177,825	25	10	15
English and French	25	15	15	497,380	256,735	240,645	70	40	30
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	205,755	102,290	103,470	20	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	375,795	179,585	196,210	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	284,940	141,275	143,665	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	510	255	250	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	280
Single responses	455	230	225	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	515	255	260
Official languages	350	180	165	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	460	230	235
English	255	130	125	874,185	438,570	435,615	135	80	60
French	95	50	45	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	325	150	180
Non-official languages	105	50	55	662,615	322,860	339,750	55	25	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	50	55	628,365	305,820	322,555	55	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	45	50	336,635	164,100	172,535	35	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	39,725	18,855	20,870	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	39,575	18,795	20,775	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	74,455	38,045	36,410	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	15	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	15	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	28,020	13,810	14,210	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	26,205	12,850	13,355	5	0	5
Dari	10	5	5	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	35	182,585	88,060	94,525	15	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	60	30	30	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	25	357,245	176,070	181,175	30	10	15
English and French	15	10	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	60,495	29,540	30,950	10	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	116,595	56,445	60,150	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	510	255	250	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	545	270	275
None	330	165	165	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	425	205	220
English	20	10	10	353,690	183,470	170,225	50	30	25
French	35	20	15	259,425	127,380	132,040	25	15	10
Non-official language	45	20	25	269,715	129,830	139,890	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25	264,405	127,330	137,070	20	10	10
English and French	20	15	10	61,955	31,425	30,525	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	55,860	26,915	28,945	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	495	235	260	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	570	290	280
Official languages	495	235	260	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	560	290	270
English	415	200	210	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	480	265	215
French	460	220	245	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	520	265	250
Non-official languages	365	170	190	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	175	95	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	365	170	190	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	175	95	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	385,210	201,105	184,100	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	363,875	190,005	173,870	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15	343,675	179,750	163,930	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	335	155	180	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	150	90	65
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	10	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	10	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	10	0	0
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	65	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	60	35	25
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	30	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	310	150	160	684,830	324,095	360,735	70	40	30
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	280	135	145	168,040	82,400	85,645	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	50	25	25	453,905	210,400	243,505	65	40	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	570	285	280
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	495	235	260	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	570	285	280
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	570	285	280
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	495	235	260	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	570	285	280
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Owner	155	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	115	...	...
Renter	15	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	170	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	515,590	...	...	90	...	...
Not condominium	165	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	623,295	...	...	95	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	85	...	...
3 bedrooms	80	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	80	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	55	...	...	730,330	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	165	...	...
5 rooms	20	...	...	645,635	...	...	70	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	435,225	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	403,225	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	90	...	...	886,180	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.5	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
One person or fewer per room	170	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	280	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Suitable	160	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	275	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	142,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
1960 or before	45	...	...	879,375	...	...	165	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	30	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	509,120	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	385,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	198,595	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	30	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	10	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	170	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	245	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	236,110	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
One-maintainer household	80	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	125	...	...
Two-maintainer household	85	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	145	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	89,875	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	525,540	...	...	105	...	...
35 to 44 years	0	...	...	647,165	...	...	55	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	628,630	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	760,395	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...	629,965	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	336,170	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	170	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	135	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	225	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	595,690	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	542,060	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	901,440	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	537,090	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	112,775	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	179,840	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	125	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	170	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	280	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	155	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	115	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	36.7	...	...	62.2	...	...	91.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	720,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	550,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	165	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	25.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	810	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	886	...	...	1,010	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	500	240	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	565	285	285
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	10	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	500	240	260	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	560	285	275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	290	285
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	490	230	260	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	525	260	265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	90	35	50	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	95	50	40
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	400	195	205	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	435	210	225
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10	10	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	45	25	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	290	285
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	345	145	200	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	420	200	220
Immigrants⁸¹	155	90	60	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	125	70	55
Before 1980	105	55	45	187,200	91,895	95,300	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	15	10	10	124,610	61,850	62,755	20	20	0
1991 to 2000	30	25	10	190,495	91,635	98,860	30	20	20
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	312,210	150,825	161,390	35	15	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	35	20	15
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	10	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	20	15	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	25	15	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	155	90	65	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	125	70	60
Under 5 years	15	10	10	112,295	56,755	55,540	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	35	20	15	201,385	101,555	99,835	15	0	15
15 to 24 years	55	35	20	213,035	96,175	116,860	35	25	0
25 to 44 years	40	25	15	594,845	292,975	301,875	50	25	25
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	155	90	65	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	125	70	60
Americas	10	10	0	264,885	121,740	143,145	35	30	10
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	10	10	0
Europe	110	65	45	309,015	154,110	154,910	25	10	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	90	55	35	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	15	332,925	158,445	174,475	60	25	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	15	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	20	10	10
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	10	0	10
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	570	290	280
First generation¹⁰⁰	160	100	60	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	155	85	70
Second generation¹⁰¹	190	65	120	883,485	446,000	437,490	90	60	30
Third generation or more¹⁰²	150	75	75	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	320	145	185
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	50	30	15	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	120	70	50
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20	15	10	559,935	290,040	269,895	55	35	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	0	0	267,870	161,125	106,740	30	15	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	0	292,070	128,915	163,155	25	20	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	10	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	55	30	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	10	10	175,740	89,995	85,740	10	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	50	30	15	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	120	70	50
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	15	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	20	20	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	10	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30	20	15	756,120	358,700	397,420	85	45	40
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	570	285	280
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	70	35	45	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	120	70	50
South Asian	30	10	15	127,990	67,140	60,850	75	40	25
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	30	10	20	280,075	146,990	133,085	0	0	0
Latin American	15	10	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	10	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	420	200	220	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	450	215	230
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	495	235	260	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	570	290	280
Canadian	45	20	25	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	85	35	45
English	15	0	10	177,710	88,910	88,800	35	15	20
Irish	0	0	0	404,190	193,440	210,745	70	45	25
Scottish	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	45	25	20
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30	0	25	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	175	80	100
German	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	30	15	10
Chinese	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	0	0	0
Italian	350	170	185	316,315	157,600	158,720	20	10	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	10	10	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	20	0	20
Québécois	0	0	0	931,940	465,630	466,305	45	20	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	15	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180	70	40	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	15	0	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	10	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	20	0	15
Spanish	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	10	10	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	15	10	10
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	10	0	10
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	25	10	20	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	25	15	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	495	235	260	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	285	280
Buddhist	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	410	205	210	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	230	105	125
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	10	10	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	10	0	10
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	405	205	205	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	195	75	120
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	10	10	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	65	35	25
Jewish	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	10	0	10
Muslim	20	15	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	40	10	30	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	260	140	125
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	495	240	260	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	570	290	285
Non-movers	470	230	245	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	490	245	240
Movers	20	10	15	945,290	466,750	478,540	85	40	40
Non-migrants	0	0	0	543,670	268,740	274,925	50	25	25
Migrants	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	35	20	20
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	20	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	10	0	10
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	20	10	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	490	235	255	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	555	275	275
Non-movers	395	200	190	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	315	155	160
Movers	95	35	60	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	240	125	115
Non-migrants	80	20	55	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	120	55	70
Migrants	15	15	0	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	115	70	50
Internal migrants	15	15	0	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	65	40	35
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	45	30	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	20	10	20
External migrants	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	50	35	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	210	225	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	495	240	250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	55	45	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	75	25	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	335	155	180	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	415	210	205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225	105	120	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	405	215	190
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	25	15	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	100	120	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	380	200	185
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	210	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	495	240	255
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	40	45	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	65	25	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	50	60	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	45	20	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	125	125	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	380	200	190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	55	70	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	125	65	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	15	20	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	40	20	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	15	793,030	427,220	365,815	40	20	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	40	40	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	75	45	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	252,815	102,150	150,665	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	65	50	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	260	135	130
Bachelor's degree	95	45	50	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	135	70	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	149,425	66,595	82,825	20	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	360,795	174,150	186,645	100	45	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225	110	115	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	405	215	195
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	15	15	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	20	30	752,855	388,160	364,700	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	165	80	85	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	350	180	170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	30	40	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	110	60	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	0	836,455	498,385	338,075	30	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	25	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	25	25	838,140	372,455	465,685	70	45	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	55	45	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	240	120	120
Bachelor's degree	80	35	40	802,755	343,100	459,650	130	65	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	15	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	302,065	140,530	161,530	85	35	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	435	210	220	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	495	240	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	190	90	100	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	110	45	65
Education	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	35	20	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	35	20	15
Humanities	20	0	15	228,770	90,810	137,960	30	20	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	35,440	8,360	27,080	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	25	10	430,845	142,280	288,570	75	30	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	20	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	15	15	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	25	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	65	25	40	950,820	357,290	593,535	75	30	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	25	40	894,690	344,770	549,925	65	25	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	35	15	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	20	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	25	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	25	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	35	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	50	35	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	40	30	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	10	15	515,215	101,455	413,760	40	10	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	470,150	78,875	391,275	40	10	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	10	10	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	10	10	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	220	110	115	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	405	215	190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	60	25	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	55	35	20
Education	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	35	20	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	35	20	15
Humanities	10	0	10	144,140	56,410	87,730	30	15	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	26,015	5,955	20,065	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	20	10	334,475	103,635	230,840	70	30	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	15	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	20	15	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	25	20	10	101,105	49,385	51,720	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	60	25	35	741,390	268,705	472,685	70	30	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	35	697,775	259,725	438,045	60	25	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	35	15	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	25	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	25	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	25	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	40	20	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	0	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	25	15	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	387,725	74,730	312,995	35	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	352,905	58,735	294,170	35	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	220	110	115	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	405	215	190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60	25	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	55	35	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	170	85	85	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	350	180	170
Location of study inside Canada	155	75	80	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	280	140	140
Same as province or territory of residence	155	75	80	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	265	125	140
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	15	15	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10	10	0	414,490	209,160	205,330	70	40	30
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	35	20	15
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	30	20	10
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	30	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	430	210	220	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	495	240	255
In the labour force	210	110	100	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	390	200	190
Employed	185	95	90	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	380	190	185
Unemployed	25	20	0	335,015	176,245	158,775	10	10	0
Not in the labour force	225	100	120	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	105	40	60
Participation rate	48.8	52.4	45.5	64.1	67.4	60.9	78.8	83.3	74.5
Employment rate	43.0	45.2	40.9	59.3	62.3	56.3	76.8	79.2	72.5
Unemployment rate	11.9	18.2	0.0	7.6	7.7	7.4	2.6	5.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	435	210	220	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	495	240	255
Did not work¹⁸⁶	215	105	110	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	90	25	65
Worked	220	100	115	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	405	215	190
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	100	60	45	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	255	140	115
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	40	75	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	150	80	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	33.8	38.0	30.0	41.3	41.7	40.8	45.0	45.8	44.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	210	110	100	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	390	200	190
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	210	110	100	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	385	200	185
Employee	175	80	90	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	365	185	175
Permanent position	140	60	75	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	345	180	160
Temporary position	35	20	10	623,510	296,655	326,850	15	10	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	10	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	15	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	10	405,605	202,450	203,155	0	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	25	10	530,720	324,555	206,165	25	15	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	210	110	100	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	390	200	190
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	210	110	100	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	385	200	185
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	45	20	25	778,905	256,150	522,760	100	50	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	0	10	360,495	272,510	87,985	80	40	40
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	359,665	70,075	289,590	30	0	25
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	0	0	0	558,725	166,020	392,700	45	15	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	15	0	15
6 Sales and service occupations	80	40	40	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	45	35	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	35	20	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	210	110	100	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	390	200	190
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	210	110	100	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	385	200	185
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	10	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	15	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	20	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	50	35	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	10	10	0	514,090	248,905	265,185	15	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	10	10	209,445	161,115	48,330	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	15	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	20	15	10	169,985	74,020	95,960	35	20	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	0	15	345,345	193,365	151,985	85	50	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	10	10	0
61 Educational services	20	0	20	340,885	104,300	236,590	35	0	30
62 Health care and social assistance	35	15	25	617,200	122,675	494,525	55	10	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	10	190,470	89,730	100,735	0	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	15	15	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	245	115	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	410	215	195
English	40	15	25	350,525	195,385	155,145	95	50	45
French	85	40	45	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	105	55	55
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	110	55	50	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	205	115	90
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	245	115	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	410	215	195
Single responses	215	95	115	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	380	200	175
Official languages	215	95	115	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	380	200	175
English	85	35	50	668,485	365,785	302,695	210	105	110
French	125	65	65	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	165	95	75
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	15	269,365	142,370	126,995	30	15	15
English and French	35	20	15	249,945	132,640	117,300	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	245	115	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	410	215	195
None	155	75	80	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	235	120	115
English	40	20	15	720,960	391,075	329,885	60	45	15
French	40	20	20	302,145	161,340	140,805	115	50	65
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	185	95	90	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	380	195	190
Worked at home	90	35	55	897,770	435,285	462,480	175	100	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	10	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	15	0	0
Usual place of work	90	50	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	85	110
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	90	55	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	85	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	60	35	30	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	150	65	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	10	419,210	203,335	215,875	20	15	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	15	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	20	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	95	60	40	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	205	90	115
Car, truck or van	75	50	25	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	95	55	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	75	50	25	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	80	50	30
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	20	10	10
Public transit	20	10	10	287,345	120,460	166,885	45	10	30
Walked	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	35	10	25
Bicycle	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	15	0	10
Other method	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	95	60	40	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	205	90	115
Less than 15 minutes	10	0	10	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	40	15	25
15 to 29 minutes	30	20	10	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	120	60	55
30 to 44 minutes	30	20	10	635,870	363,430	272,445	40	10	30
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	20	10	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	95	60	40	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	205	90	115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	10	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	45	30	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	10	0	935,640	441,465	494,170	60	30	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10	0	10	626,895	259,220	367,675	35	10	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	15	15	330,930	142,495	188,435	20	0	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	489,685	284,160	205,530	25	0	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	70	35	40	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	90	45	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	25	20	303,835	156,030	147,805	25	15	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	65	30	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	35	30	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	55	30	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	25	20	230,080	118,075	112,005	15	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	15	20	175,305	90,000	85,305	10	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	10	5	54,775	28,070	26,700	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	992,895	508,315	484,580	40	20	20

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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