Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660351More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662580More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662889More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	531	...	...	533	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	607	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	190	...	...	259	...	...	976,966	...	...	235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	174	...	...	245	...	...	910,359	...	...	224	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	26,550.0	...	...	8,406.9	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	6,457.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.09	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	530	275	260	530	255	275	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	610	280	330
0 to 14 years	120	60	60	95	45	45	309,765	158,545	151,225	90	40	50
0 to 4 years	40	25	15	25	15	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	50	30	20	40	20	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	10	20
10 to 14 years	35	10	20	30	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	20	20
15 to 64 years	350	180	165	345	175	175	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	435	215	225
15 to 19 years	35	25	10	25	10	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	35	20	15
20 to 24 years	35	25	15	30	20	10	140,025	70,895	69,125	50	30	25
25 to 29 years	40	20	20	40	20	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	45	25	20
30 to 34 years	30	15	20	40	15	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	30	15	15
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	30	20	15	149,265	74,115	75,155	35	20	20
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	50	20	25	142,365	70,920	71,445	50	25	25
45 to 49 years	35	15	25	35	15	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	45	15	25
50 to 54 years	40	20	20	25	15	10	121,710	61,735	59,975	45	20	30
55 to 59 years	25	20	10	40	15	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	60	25	30
60 to 64 years	30	15	15	30	15	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	45	25	25
65 years and over	65	30	35	90	40	55	351,325	151,210	200,120	80	35	50
65 to 69 years	20	10	10	30	5	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	40	10	25
70 to 74 years	15	10	5	30	15	20	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	10	10
75 to 79 years	10	0	10	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	5	10
80 to 84 years	5	5	5	10	0	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	0
85 years and over	5	0	5	10	5	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	5	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	5	5	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.6	21.8	23.1	17.9	17.6	16.4	15.5	16.1	14.8	14.8	14.3	15.2
15 to 64 years	66.0	65.5	63.5	65.1	68.6	63.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	71.3	76.8	68.2
65 years and over	12.3	10.9	13.5	17.0	15.7	20.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	13.1	12.5	15.2
85 years and over	0.9	0.0	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.8	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.8	0.0	1.5
Average age of the population	35.9	34.8	37.2	40.2	39.0	41.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	40.4	39.4	41.2
Median age of the population	34.8	33.2	36.8	40.4	39.6	41.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	41.6	38.8	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	175	...	...	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	225	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	10	...	...	100,615	...	...	30	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	55	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	5	...	...	34,075	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	100	...	...	85	...	...	110,440	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	70	...	...	140	...	...	479,885	...	...	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	175	...	...	245	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...
1 person	30	...	...	95	...	...	367,400	...	...	35	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	75	...	...	271,730	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	35	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	530	270	260	530	255	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	610	285	325
Average household size	3.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	410	210	200	435	205	230	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	520	245	275
Married or living common-law	195	95	100	235	120	115	822,440	414,330	408,115	285	145	145
Married	180	90	90	110	55	50	577,060	289,455	287,600	235	115	115
Living common-law	15	5	5	125	60	60	245,385	124,870	120,510	55	25	25
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	105	50	55	207,040	104,785	102,250	35	20	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	15	10	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	10	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	215	115	105	200	90	110	872,060	410,935	461,125	235	105	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	145	90	55	155	70	80	627,845	333,150	294,700	175	90	85
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	10	5	5	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	20	25	15	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	25	5	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	15	0	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	140	...	...	140	...	...	495,445	...	...	180	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	65	...	...	251,075	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	25	...	...	107,265	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	35	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	135	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	90	...	...	115	...	...	395,645	...	...	135	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	55	...	...	273,070	...	...	110	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	35	...	...	162,745	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	60	...	...	122,570	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	30	...	...	44,875	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	35	...	...	77,700	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	50	...	...	20	...	...	99,805	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	45	...	...	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	530	270	260	530	250	270	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	605	280	325
Total - Persons in census families	450	220	225	400	200	200	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	530	255	280
Married spouses or common-law partners	185	90	90	235	120	120	791,280	398,495	392,785	280	135	135
Parents in one-parent families	45	5	40	15	5	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	40	5	35
Children⁶	220	125	90	150	80	70	541,905	284,935	256,965	215	110	110
In a two-parent family	140	85	55	120	70	55	392,250	205,155	187,095	155	80	70
In a one-parent family	80	45	40	25	15	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	60	25	35
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	80	45	35	125	55	75	526,370	262,915	263,450	75	25	45
Living alone	30	20	10	95	40	55	367,395	175,660	191,740	35	15	25
Living with other relatives⁷	25	10	20	0	0	0	49,280	22,020	27,255	25	5	15
Living with non-relatives only	25	20	5	25	10	20	109,690	65,235	44,455	15	5	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	175	...	...	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	135	...	...	455,970	...	...	160	...	...
Couple-family households	75	...	...	115	...	...	370,250	...	...	125	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	60	...	...	194,165	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	50	...	...	176,085	...	...	45	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	20	...	...	85,720	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	10	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	30	...	...	95	...	...	367,395	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	410	210	200	430	205	225	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	520	240	275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	190	195	425	200	220	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	505	240	270
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,800	29,600	47,600	49,200	44,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	40,000	41,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	190	195	425	200	220	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	505	240	270
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	28,600	28,000	40,400	41,600	39,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	36,000	36,800	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	165	150	400	190	205	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	465	220	245
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	17,800	20,800	12,200	40,800	47,200	36,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	32,400	37,600	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	275	155	120	310	155	155	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	400	190	210
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	19,200	21,200	15,800	46,000	49,200	40,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	33,200	38,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	180	185	340	150	185	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	420	190	230
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,000	11,500	16,200	8,300	6,700	9,700	10,800	9,600	12,000	10,200	8,800	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	40	30	25	10	15	171,705	84,570	87,145	60	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,480	5,480	4,240	4,520	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,000	6,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	105	80	110	55	55	529,640	276,110	253,530	195	100	100
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	6,000	6,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	435	215	220	485	225	255	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	540	250	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	185	210	475	220	255	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	525	240	280
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,800	31,200	55,200	60,000	51,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	46,800	55,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	185	210	475	220	255	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	525	240	280
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,900	31,200	28,800	44,600	46,800	42,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	38,600	44,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	305	160	145	450	205	245	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	485	230	255
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,000	26,400	21,600	49,600	57,600	42,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	40,800	49,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	150	110	345	170	170	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	440	220	220
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,400	27,200	25,200	55,200	61,200	49,200	48,760	55,650	41,480	40,600	47,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	180	190	390	170	225	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	425	190	235
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,200	12,700	17,600	10,040	7,650	11,900	12,040	10,900	13,040	10,760	9,800	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	45	35	30	15	20	171,360	84,435	86,925	60	30	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,200	5,200	4,000	3,600	4,500	6,840	6,065	7,590	7,600	4,800	9,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	165	110	55	115	45	70	528,305	276,300	252,005	200	110	90
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,600	9,200	6,700	7,000	6,600	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,200	8,600	7,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	435	215	220	485	225	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	535	250	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	70	30	185	95	90	514,340	278,505	235,830	220	115	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	43,200	43,200	35,600	61,200	72,500	58,400	60,000	63,600	56,000	54,400	71,000	43,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	44,000	40,000	48,000	80,000	90,000	69,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	59,600	71,000	47,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	105	60	45	150	65	85	504,455	247,565	256,895	175	75	100
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,400	13,700	12,300	16,800	22,000	15,300	16,400	17,400	15,500	13,200	12,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,600	15,200	14,000	26,800	26,000	27,600	26,920	29,400	24,520	23,000	25,000	21,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	56.0	64.0	48.0	85.0	90.0	80.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	81.0	86.0	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.0	64.0	42.0	72.0	80.0	65.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	73.0	77.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	44.0	35.5	52.0	15.0	9.8	20.4	18.9	14.4	24.4	18.6	13.8	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.2	3.6	2.8	0.5	0.4	0.5	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.8	1.0	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	13.7	17.6	9.8	3.5	2.6	4.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	7.4	7.4	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	12.0	16.0	8.0	3.0	2.2	3.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	6.6	7.0	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	410	210	200	430	205	225	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	520	245	275
Without total income	25	15	10	5	0	0	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	10
With total income	385	195	190	425	205	225	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	505	235	265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	15	30	15	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	70	30	35	40	20	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	55	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	85	40	40	55	25	30	286,825	131,235	155,595	85	30	55
$30,000 to $39,999	80	45	40	50	20	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	70	35	35
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	30	55	25	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	25	35
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	40	15	25	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	20	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	5	35	15	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	45	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	20	10	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	30	15	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	20	10	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	20	10	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	55	30	25	149,555	92,680	56,875	35	20	10
$100,000 to $149,999	5	0	0	40	20	15	90,980	53,275	37,705	25	10	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	20	15	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	410	210	200	430	205	225	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	520	245	275
Without after-tax income	25	15	10	5	0	0	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	10
With after-tax income	385	195	190	425	205	225	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	505	235	265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	15	30	15	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	45	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	70	30	40	45	20	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	55	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	105	55	45	60	30	30	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	50	60
$30,000 to $39,999	80	35	45	70	30	35	257,145	124,835	132,315	85	40	50
$40,000 to $49,999	55	30	25	60	30	35	204,980	97,805	107,175	80	35	45
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	35	15	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	35	15	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	30	15	15	61,765	31,815	29,945	25	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	10	5	10	38,975	21,640	17,335	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	5	0	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	25	15	15	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	10	10	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	15	10	5	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	410	210	200	430	205	225	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	520	245	275
Without employment income	140	60	80	125	50	70	495,060	212,405	282,660	120	55	65
With employment income	270	150	125	310	155	155	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	405	190	215
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	30	35	20	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	40	20	25
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	15	15	5	10	111,575	52,975	58,595	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	25	30	10	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	50	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	35	25	10	20	10	15	116,030	56,295	59,730	50	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	35	20	10	108,120	55,225	52,890	35	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	10	30	15	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	45	15	35
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	5	30	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	5	15	5	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	15	5	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	15	10	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	20	10	10	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	45	20	20	115,575	74,545	41,030	25	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	15	10	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	30	15	15	68,050	45,675	22,375	15	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	410	210	200	430	205	225	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	520	240	275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	190	190	420	200	220	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	490	230	260
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,800	26,400	23,400	45,600	48,400	42,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	38,000	43,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	190	190	420	200	220	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	490	230	260
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,400	25,000	23,200	38,800	39,600	38,000	31,000	32,800	29,400	32,800	36,400	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	170	150	395	195	210	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	460	215	240
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,600	24,200	14,900	40,800	46,000	37,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	34,000	43,200	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	155	115	320	165	155	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	410	195	215
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,200	23,400	23,200	43,200	45,200	40,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	34,800	42,800	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	160	175	310	135	175	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	370	165	205
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	2,080	11,200	4,920	3,360	7,450	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,440	2,560	6,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	20	10	35	20	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	35	20	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	x	x	4,440	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,080	5,880	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	435	215	220	485	225	255	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	540	250	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	180	205	460	220	240	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	505	230	270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	29,600	27,800	56,400	61,200	52,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	43,800	51,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	180	205	460	220	240	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	505	230	270
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	27,000	25,600	45,000	46,000	44,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	36,400	41,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	305	160	140	430	200	225	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	480	230	250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,400	26,400	22,000	53,000	60,800	46,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	40,400	47,600	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	245	145	95	330	170	165	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	440	210	230
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	27,600	29,600	51,400	57,600	44,800	48,720	55,750	41,240	39,600	46,800	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	160	195	370	160	215	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	380	160	220
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,560	7,400	13,200	8,880	7,100	10,100	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,120	6,300	7,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35	20	0	50	25	25	114,595	55,675	58,915	40	25	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	12,000	...	8,000	7,600	9,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	5,800	4,800	7,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	435	215	220	485	225	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	535	250	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	70	30	185	95	90	507,645	274,575	233,070	220	115	100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,400	38,400	37,200	56,000	57,200	42,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	54,000	61,200	35,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	40,000	37,000	44,000	68,000	79,000	56,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	55,600	66,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	80	50	30	135	65	70	462,020	227,495	234,530	175	75	100
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	25,800	x	13,800	11,900	15,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	14,700	13,600	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	22,000	20,000	30,400	30,000	31,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	23,400	25,000	22,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	67.0	78.0	56.0	87.0	92.0	82.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	88.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	63.0	76.0	50.0	65.5	72.0	58.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	79.0	82.0	75.0
Government transfers (%)	33.2	22.0	44.0	12.7	8.4	17.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	12.2	8.4	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	5.0	x	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	175	...	...	245	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	69,500	...	...	58,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30	...	...	95	...	...	367,395	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	26,800	...	...	49,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	26,800	...	...	41,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	145	...	...	150	...	...	542,960	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	185	...	...	255	...	...	910,360	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	83,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	80	...	...	367,255	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	46,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	39,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	170	...	...	543,100	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	131,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	175	...	...	245	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	95	...	...	270,265	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	85,635	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	25	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	175	...	...	245	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	85,490	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	70	...	...	197,490	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	78,870	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	25	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	140	...	...	135	...	...	501,830	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	112,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	50	...	...	179,195	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	87,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	74,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	65	...	...	208,260	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	139,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	55	40	20	125	55	70	477,085	240,895	236,195	50	20	30
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,000	30,200	x	44,400	50,400	41,600	34,400	34,800	34,000	40,400	x	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,800	27,800	x	39,200	42,000	36,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	36,000	x	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	140	...	...	155	...	...	501,905	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	55	...	...	179,455	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	80	...	...	208,375	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	55	40	0	130	50	80	476,520	240,280	236,245	45	20	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,000	x	43,000	52,000	37,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	44,000	45,000	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	33,000	x	36,000	42,000	32,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	39,000	36,000	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	530	275	260	530	255	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	610	280	325
0 to 17 years	140	75	60	110	55	55	365,020	186,710	178,315	110	50	60
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	30	20	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	15	25
18 to 64 years	330	165	165	325	160	165	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	415	200	215
65 years and over	65	30	35	90	35	55	317,425	140,270	177,155	80	35	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	85	35	45	50	20	30	321,885	154,370	167,510	25	10	15
0 to 17 years	25	10	15	10	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	5	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	45	20	25	25	10	20	197,020	99,310	97,710	15	10	5
65 years and over	10	0	10	15	5	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	14.0	18.5	9.6	7.0	11.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	4.4	4.5	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	19.0	18.0	24.0	8.0	x	8.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	x	x	20.0	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	14.0	13.0	15.0	8.5	6.0	10.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	4.0	5.0	3.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	12.0	25.0	16.0	16.0	18.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	8.0	x	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	535	270	260	525	250	270	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	605	280	325
0 to 17 years	135	75	65	110	55	55	365,025	186,705	178,315	110	50	60
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	35	15	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	325	165	160	330	165	165	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	415	200	215
65 years and over	65	30	30	90	35	55	317,425	140,265	177,155	85	35	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	50	20	25	20	10	15	213,720	108,905	104,815	20	10	10
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	20	20	15	5	10	153,385	81,765	71,620	15	10	5
65 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.8	8.0	9.5	4.0	3.0	4.5	10.9	11.3	10.6	2.8	3.6	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	8.0	12.0	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	10.0	12.0	5.0	4.0	6.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	3.2	4.0	2.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	6.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	530	270	260	530	255	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	610	280	330
In bottom half of the distribution	410	205	205	275	130	145	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	300	130	170
In bottom decile	80	40	45	45	20	25	298,540	147,890	150,655	30	15	10
In second decile	85	45	40	35	20	20	244,435	115,985	128,450	40	20	20
In third decile	120	65	55	40	15	20	240,895	116,550	124,345	55	20	35
In fourth decile	75	40	35	80	40	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	75	25	50
In fifth decile	50	25	30	75	35	40	194,765	95,185	99,580	100	45	55
In top half of the distribution	115	65	50	260	125	135	762,590	384,140	378,450	305	150	155
In sixth decile	50	25	20	45	20	20	172,200	85,100	87,095	80	35	45
In seventh decile	50	30	20	45	20	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	60	30	35
In eighth decile	15	5	5	55	25	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	75	40	35
In ninth decile	0	0	0	60	30	30	134,265	68,285	65,980	50	25	25
In top decile	0	0	0	55	30	25	155,465	79,870	75,595	30	20	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	535	...	...	525	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	605	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.245	...	...	0.309	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.253	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.386	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.362	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.217	...	...	0.262	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.212	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	535	270	260	535	260	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	280	325
English only	40	25	20	5	5	0	262,290	133,690	128,600	20	5	15
French only	220	105	120	195	75	115	486,845	221,005	265,840	175	65	110
English and French	220	125	100	340	180	155	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	400	200	195
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	0	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	535	270	260	535	260	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	280	325
English	70	40	30	10	10	5	605,220	303,380	301,835	205	100	105
French	330	170	160	500	240	265	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	330	150	180
English and French	90	50	40	20	10	10	173,785	88,480	85,300	60	25	35
Neither English nor French	40	15	25	0	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	535	270	260	535	260	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	280	325
Single responses	450	230	220	505	240	260	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	540	240	300
Official languages	155	80	70	455	210	240	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	260	110	150
English	30	15	10	10	5	5	322,315	162,085	160,230	80	35	45
French	120	65	60	445	205	240	870,975	428,435	442,540	180	75	105
Non-official languages	295	150	150	50	30	20	643,275	311,525	331,750	275	125	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	295	150	150	50	30	20	642,820	311,370	331,445	275	125	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	30	15	10	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	20	15	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	15,675	8,420	7,250	10	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	40	30	10	10	0	112,200	59,320	52,880	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	70	40	30	10	10	0	107,605	56,960	50,645	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	10	5	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	10	5	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	80	30	50
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	65	25	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	15	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	5	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	45	45	25	10	15	329,415	158,980	170,435	160	75	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	50	45	25	15	10	183,755	87,295	96,460	145	70	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10	5	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	100	50	50
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	5	5
Spanish	65	35	30	20	10	5	85,395	41,150	44,250	35	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	5	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	40	40	30	15	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	70	45	25
English and French	5	5	0	10	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	15	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	25	20	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	5	0	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	535	270	260	535	260	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	280	325
English	20	15	10	5	5	0	340,470	170,050	170,425	135	70	65
French	105	50	50	435	210	220	779,125	383,000	396,125	170	70	100
Non-official language	120	50	70	10	5	5	204,395	96,705	107,690	60	25	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	120	50	70	10	5	5	204,315	96,670	107,645	60	25	35
English and French	10	5	0	25	5	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	40	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0	0	0	135,390	66,995	68,400	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	175	95	80	30	10	15	180,900	85,935	94,965	105	50	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	40	30	15	10	154,470	76,450	78,020	75	40	40
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	535	270	260	535	260	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	605	280	325
Single responses	445	220	225	510	245	265	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	565	260	305
Official languages	220	115	105	480	230	250	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	440	215	230
English	40	25	15	5	5	5	479,850	239,270	240,580	205	105	95
French	180	90	95	475	225	250	956,130	471,155	484,975	240	110	130
Non-official languages	220	100	120	30	15	10	370,290	177,955	192,335	120	45	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	100	120	30	15	10	370,125	177,895	192,235	120	45	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	15	5	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	35	15	15	5	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	10	5	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	25	10	5	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	50	15	35
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	50	15	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	30	40	10	5	5	188,550	90,370	98,185	50	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	35	10	5	5	95,835	44,515	51,315	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	20	10	15
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	5	5
Spanish	40	15	25	10	5	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	55	35	20	10	10	173,745	85,640	88,110	40	20	20
English and French	0	0	5	5	0	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	15	10	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	530	270	260	535	260	280	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	610	285	325
None	315	160	155	465	225	235	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	400	180	215
English	20	10	5	25	5	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	20	10	15
French	65	40	30	5	5	5	126,780	62,180	64,600	60	25	30
Non-official language	80	40	45	15	10	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	60	35	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	40	45	15	10	10	144,155	69,135	75,015	60	35	30
English and French	25	15	10	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	20	5	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	5	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	30	20	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	615	260	355
Official languages	490	250	250	590	295	295	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	595	255	335
English	195	115	85	400	220	180	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	415	185	230
French	475	230	245	585	290	295	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	590	255	325
Non-official languages	500	255	245	155	80	70	971,455	471,755	499,700	435	205	235
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	500	255	245	155	80	70	970,710	471,495	499,220	435	205	235
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	50	25	40	25	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	40	20	15
Berber languages	10	10	0	20	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	50	25	30	20	10	205,120	107,210	97,905	40	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	70	50	25	30	20	10	188,115	98,545	89,565	40	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	150	65	80	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	180	80	100
Haitian Creole	140	65	75	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	180	80	100
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	35	20	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	30	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	85	70	110	50	55	514,485	250,190	264,295	225	110	115
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	10	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	20	0	15	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	65	50	100	50	50	324,695	154,360	170,340	195	95	95
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	20	0	20	107,285	51,300	55,985	145	70	75
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	95	55	40	85	40	40	193,835	91,345	102,490	50	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	0	35	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	0	35	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	35	15	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	55	35	15	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	35	15	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	615	260	350
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	615	260	350
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	615	260	350
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	615	260	350
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
Owner	60	...	...	100	...	...	360,125	...	...	135	...	...
Renter	125	...	...	155	...	...	550,240	...	...	100	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	20	...	...	192,985	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	160	...	...	235	...	...	717,375	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	25	...	...	80	...	...	267,715	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	80	...	...	303,875	...	...	100	...	...
3 bedrooms	95	...	...	60	...	...	220,945	...	...	100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	35	...	...	98,090	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	70	...	...	105	...	...	501,570	...	...	90	...	...
5 rooms	75	...	...	75	...	...	166,230	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	10	...	...	78,495	...	...	40	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	30	...	...	58,850	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	35	...	...	105,210	...	...	40	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	5.3	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
One person or fewer per room	160	...	...	250	...	...	881,730	...	...	230	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
Suitable	150	...	...	240	...	...	834,885	...	...	195	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
1960 or before	45	...	...	145	...	...	325,005	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	100	...	...	75	...	...	282,605	...	...	25	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	15	...	...	101,185	...	...	75	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	15	...	...	63,765	...	...	60	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,875	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	160	...	...	240	...	...	833,540	...	...	230	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	15	...	...	76,815	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
One-maintainer household	100	...	...	120	...	...	543,605	...	...	90	...	...
Two-maintainer household	65	...	...	125	...	...	333,140	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	55	...	...	162,375	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	30	...	...	171,535	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	65	...	...	155,520	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	20	...	...	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	20	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	15	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	180	...	...	250	...	...	902,485	...	...	235	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	215	...	...	686,075	...	...	215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	40	...	...	216,410	...	...	15	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	35	...	...	189,795	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	180	...	...	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	55	...	...	330,635	...	...	65	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	35	...	...	186,350	...	...	20	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	15	...	...	56,480	...	...	40	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	10	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	95	...	...	200	...	...	579,720	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	175	...	...	245	...	...	875,865	...	...	230	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	20	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	160	...	...	225	...	...	787,925	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	100	...	...	360,120	...	...	135	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...	45.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	70.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	1,100	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,380	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	800,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	720,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	470,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	150	...	...	550,235	...	...	100	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	10.3	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	950	...	...	890	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	960	...	...	987	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	550	270	280	590	290	295	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	610	265	350
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	10	0	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	10	0	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	10	0	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	540	265	280	575	290	285	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	610	265	350
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	615	265	350
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	390	195	195	540	265	270	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	515	210	300
Canadian citizens aged under 18	110	60	45	115	80	40	322,965	164,980	157,985	90	15	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	280	135	150	415	185	230	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	420	195	235
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160	75	80	50	25	25	313,410	160,530	152,885	100	50	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	615	265	350
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	165	85	80	480	230	250	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	330	130	195
Immigrants⁸¹	315	160	150	70	45	30	652,730	313,955	338,770	260	110	145
Before 1980	35	15	20	0	0	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	50	20	30
1980 to 1990	50	20	30	0	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	15	15	0
1991 to 2000	70	40	30	0	0	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	60	25	35
2001 to 2010	55	25	30	25	15	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	25	15	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	100	55	45	25	15	20	213,175	104,225	108,950	105	30	75
2011 to 2015	55	40	20	25	15	20	99,070	48,005	51,065	65	15	50
2016 to 2021	50	20	25	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	45	10	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	30	45	40	25	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	20	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	310	160	150	70	45	30	652,725	313,955	338,770	260	110	150
Under 5 years	10	0	10	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	25	10	25
5 to 14 years	45	30	15	15	15	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	55	30	25
15 to 24 years	80	30	55	0	0	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	55	25	25
25 to 44 years	160	90	70	45	30	20	326,320	158,620	167,700	70	35	35
45 years and over	20	10	10	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	45	10	40
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	310	160	150	70	45	30	652,725	313,955	338,770	260	110	150
Americas	155	70	80	10	10	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	170	75	95
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	85	30	55	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	135	50	85
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	15	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10	10	10	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10	35	20	15	158,795	76,610	82,190	65	25	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	10	0	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	25	10	15
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	10	21,205	10,115	11,095	25	10	20
Africa	65	40	25	25	10	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	20	15	10
Algeria	10	10	0	25	10	10	44,925	23,280	21,640	20	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	45	25	15	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	80	35	40	0	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	20	15	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	20	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	20	25	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	40	15	30
Americas	25	15	15	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	35	15	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	30	10	25
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	20	10	15	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	615	260	350
First generation¹⁰⁰	380	190	195	125	65	60	813,905	400,325	413,580	300	140	160
Second generation¹⁰¹	130	80	55	105	60	45	424,225	212,755	211,475	155	75	85
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30	10	25	360	165	195	721,230	352,590	368,630	150	45	105
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	280	145	135	60	40	25	544,455	263,425	281,040	210	85	120
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	75	55	20	40	25	15	303,105	155,090	148,020	75	40	30
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	55	50	10	20	15	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	20	20	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	10	10	20	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	55	20	30
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	120	50	70	20	10	10	146,645	59,645	87,000	90	25	65
Refugees¹⁰⁸	80	35	40	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	35	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	15	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	280	145	135	60	40	25	544,455	263,425	281,040	210	85	120
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	15	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	35	15	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	10	10	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	10	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	10	10	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	215	110	105	50	30	20	387,815	184,015	203,795	160	70	90
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	545	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	615	260	350
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	465	240	230	55	30	25	737,510	363,785	373,725	280	120	160
South Asian	15	0	10	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	40	35	15	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	200	75	125	10	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	195	80	115
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	60	45	15	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	40	15	25
Latin American	70	40	30	20	10	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	40	20	25
Southeast Asian	50	25	20	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	30	10	15	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	10	10	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80	35	50	535	265	270	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	330	140	190
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	545	270	275	585	295	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	615	260	350
Canadian	15	0	0	65	35	35	241,015	115,880	125,135	85	35	50
English	0	0	0	30	10	20	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	0	20	102,325	48,885	53,440	15	0	10
Scottish	0	0	0	25	10	15	61,620	29,560	32,065	10	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	265	125	135	336,880	169,710	167,170	45	0	40
German	0	0	0	30	20	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	85	50	30	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	15	0	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	190	85	105
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	45	35	15	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	95	35	60	66,400	31,740	34,655	10	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15	0	10	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10	25	0	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	10	30	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	25	10	20
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	35	20	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	25	15	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	15	10	10	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	155	65	90	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	140	55	90
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	25	20	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	50	35	15	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	10	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	45	25	20
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	35	20	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	15	10	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	550	270	275	590	295	295	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	615	260	350
Buddhist	110	70	40	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	255	95	165	280	125	155	969,945	451,410	518,540	485	210	280
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	25	10	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	50	25	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	50	30	20
Catholic	125	55	75	250	110	140	675,695	314,690	361,010	330	135	195
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	15	0	15
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	40	0	40	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	35	15	20
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	55	25	30	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	90	60	35	55	30	20	233,440	121,145	112,290	25	10	20
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	85	50	40	245	130	115	590,140	310,985	279,165	90	35	50
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	540	270	270	585	295	290	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	610	265	350
Non-movers	495	245	255	515	270	245	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	540	225	320
Movers	40	25	15	70	25	40	255,365	129,500	125,865	70	40	35
Non-migrants	35	25	10	50	15	40	186,805	94,745	92,055	70	40	35
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	500	245	255	560	280	280	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	590	260	330
Non-movers	250	110	140	295	145	150	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	405	170	235
Movers	250	135	115	265	130	130	821,475	413,250	408,230	190	90	95
Non-migrants	160	85	75	165	75	90	433,700	216,030	217,670	125	60	65
Migrants	90	50	40	95	50	40	387,770	197,215	190,560	65	35	30
Internal migrants	0	0	0	55	25	25	190,035	93,955	96,075	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	55	25	25	159,710	78,770	80,940	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	80	45	35	45	30	15	197,735	103,260	94,485	55	30	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	215	220	485	225	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	535	250	295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	170	90	80	40	20	20	274,820	136,500	138,320	115	70	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	265	125	140	445	205	240	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	420	180	240
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	275	135	140	325	160	165	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	370	180	195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	80	35	45	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	50	40	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	190	100	95	320	155	165	975,700	481,690	494,005	325	140	180
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	215	220	480	225	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	540	245	290
No certificate, diploma or degree	165	90	75	40	20	20	247,460	120,840	126,625	95	55	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	30	50	100	50	50	319,755	162,520	157,240	115	50	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	190	95	95	335	155	185	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	320	150	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	65	65	125	55	65	473,060	232,855	240,210	245	115	130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	30	45	20	0	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	85	50	35
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	10	40	10	0	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	70	40	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	20	0	10	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	30	20	90	45	45	260,845	122,345	138,495	120	45	75
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	45	25	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	55	25	25	210	95	115	609,855	291,355	318,505	80	35	45
Bachelor's degree	35	20	15	125	50	80	344,605	160,320	184,285	35	20	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	10	50	35	20	159,510	78,325	81,190	20	0	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	25	10	10	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	270	135	135	320	155	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	370	175	190
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	40	35	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	35	25	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	20	35	55	35	25	162,205	88,420	73,785	70	30	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	145	75	65	265	120	140	831,975	403,420	428,555	265	120	145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	55	40	90	40	45	333,160	167,260	165,895	200	90	105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	25	40	15	0	15	110,390	60,690	49,700	80	45	35
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	15	35	10	0	10	81,090	40,585	40,505	70	30	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	10	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25	25	0	65	30	30	174,185	84,745	89,445	75	30	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	40	20	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	45	25	25	170	80	95	498,815	236,155	262,665	70	30	35
Bachelor's degree	30	15	10	95	35	60	276,640	128,890	147,745	30	10	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	10	50	25	20	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	0	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	20	10	10	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	435	215	220	480	225	255	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	535	245	290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	250	120	125	145	75	70	567,220	283,355	283,860	215	100	115
Education	15	0	10	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	35	0	35
13. Education	15	0	10	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	35	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	25	10	10	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	10	10	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	45	30	20	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	15	0	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	60	25	35	157,220	58,185	99,040	45	20	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	35	20	15	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25	0	10	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	40	15	20
Business, management and public administration	35	0	30	60	20	40	248,895	110,950	137,945	75	30	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	0	30	50	20	30	237,125	108,040	129,090	75	30	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	10	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	15	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	40	20	20	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	25	15	10	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	40	35	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	45	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	25	20	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	15	35	45	10	30	122,295	30,795	91,495	60	10	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	15	35	35	0	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	60	10	50
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	25	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	275	135	135	320	160	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	375	180	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	55	75	55	35	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	110	60	45
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	30	0	25
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	20	10	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20	10	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	40	20	20	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	45	15	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	40	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	20	10	15	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	10	10	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	30	10	20
Business, management and public administration	25	10	15	45	20	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	70	30	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	10	15	45	20	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	70	30	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	10	15	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	35	0	40	30	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	25	20	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	10	25	35	10	25	92,595	23,265	69,330	40	0	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	25	25	0	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	40	0	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	20	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	275	135	135	320	160	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	375	180	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	55	75	55	35	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	110	60	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	140	80	60	265	125	140	831,975	403,415	428,560	265	115	145
Location of study inside Canada	100	55	40	200	80	120	598,455	286,340	312,115	235	115	125
Same as province or territory of residence	100	55	40	195	80	120	566,540	270,160	296,380	225	110	120
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	45	25	25	60	35	20	233,520	117,075	116,445	30	0	25
Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	25	0	20
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	25	0	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	20	10	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	20	0	15	40	25	15	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	30	25	10	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	435	215	220	480	225	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	540	245	290
In the labour force	205	125	75	320	150	170	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	370	170	205
Employed	195	110	75	310	145	170	971,245	502,885	468,360	355	160	195
Unemployed	15	15	0	10	0	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	15	10	10
Not in the labour force	235	90	145	160	75	85	568,495	246,215	322,280	160	75	85
Participation rate	47.1	58.1	34.1	66.7	66.7	66.7	65.5	69.5	61.8	68.5	69.4	70.7
Employment rate	44.8	51.2	34.1	64.6	64.4	66.7	58.9	62.3	55.6	65.7	65.3	67.2
Unemployment rate	7.3	12.0	0.0	3.1	0.0	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	4.1	5.9	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	435	215	220	480	225	255	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	535	245	290
Did not work¹⁸⁶	220	85	135	135	60	70	582,470	253,075	329,400	135	55	80
Worked	215	130	80	350	160	190	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	400	190	210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	100	65	30	185	95	90	529,400	287,950	241,450	215	115	105
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	60	55	165	70	95	538,265	266,540	271,725	180	80	110
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.2	38.0	38.8	39.4	40.4	38.6	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.6	39.8	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	205	125	80	320	150	170	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	375	170	205
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	205	125	80	315	145	170	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	365	165	200
Employee	195	125	75	270	120	150	907,745	457,830	449,915	325	135	190
Permanent position	155	95	60	230	110	120	741,830	380,445	361,385	285	125	160
Temporary position	45	30	15	35	0	35	165,915	77,385	88,530	40	15	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	25	0	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	25	15	25	0	25	96,225	46,100	50,120	10	10	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	10	0	0	50	30	20	142,380	88,145	54,230	40	30	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	205	125	80	320	150	170	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	375	170	205
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	205	125	80	315	145	170	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	365	165	200
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30	10	20	60	30	30	207,660	79,975	127,685	60	0	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	15	0	40	25	15	114,775	85,780	28,990	25	20	0
3 Health occupations	20	10	15	25	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	35	0	35
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15	0	10	65	25	40	140,500	46,385	94,115	60	15	40
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	25	10	15	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	60	35	30	60	20	40	263,055	135,300	127,750	100	40	60
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	35	0	25	25	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	65	65	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	20	0	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	205	125	80	320	150	170	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	375	170	205
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	205	125	80	315	145	170	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	365	165	200
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	25	25	0
31-33 Manufacturing	35	25	10	20	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	35	30	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	20	10	15
44-45 Retail trade	15	10	0	50	10	40	111,555	56,180	55,375	50	0	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	0	10	10	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	25	20	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	10	0	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	10	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	25	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	15	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	10	0	60	35	30	130,405	75,750	54,655	20	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	20	0	10	10	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	15	0
61 Educational services	10	0	0	35	10	30	95,290	34,510	60,780	35	10	20
62 Health care and social assistance	40	10	30	45	15	30	142,545	36,095	106,450	70	15	60
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	15	10	10	10	0	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	15	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	15	0	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	20	20	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	230	140	90	350	160	190	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	405	190	215
English	15	15	0	15	10	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	35	10	35
French	140	70	65	195	85	110	416,430	206,170	210,265	190	100	85
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	55	35	30	130	65	70	473,485	249,700	223,785	165	80	90
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	230	140	90	350	160	190	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	405	190	215
Single responses	205	115	85	335	150	185	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	380	180	200
Official languages	200	110	85	335	150	185	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	380	180	200
English	20	15	0	30	20	10	361,715	194,885	166,835	100	55	45
French	175	95	80	305	130	175	645,885	327,180	318,705	285	130	160
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	25	10	15	10	0	126,180	65,940	60,240	25	10	10
English and French	20	15	10	15	10	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	25	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	230	140	90	350	160	190	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	405	190	215
None	185	115	70	225	105	120	743,180	381,875	361,305	245	120	125
English	30	15	15	100	40	55	219,885	116,455	103,430	85	25	65
French	10	0	0	15	15	0	149,470	78,495	70,975	55	40	15
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	195	110	75	310	145	165	971,245	502,885	468,360	360	165	195
Worked at home	30	20	10	145	60	80	298,820	151,335	147,485	50	30	15
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	10	0	20	15	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	30	0
Usual place of work	145	85	60	150	65	85	580,035	286,695	293,340	275	100	175
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	145	90	60	150	70	85	580,035	286,695	293,340	275	100	175
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	110	55	60	135	55	80	427,475	202,010	225,465	230	80	155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	15	10	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	20	0	15	10	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	25	15	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	165	100	65	175	85	90	669,150	349,485	319,665	310	130	180
Car, truck or van	110	70	45	100	55	45	395,615	229,315	166,300	245	120	125
Car, truck or van - as a driver	90	70	25	95	50	45	365,770	218,475	147,295	235	120	115
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	20	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	35	20	20	45	15	30	177,860	74,605	103,260	50	0	45
Walked	10	0	0	20	15	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	165	100	65	175	85	90	669,150	349,485	319,665	310	130	180
Less than 15 minutes	30	10	20	20	0	15	125,240	61,185	64,055	45	25	25
15 to 29 minutes	40	20	20	60	25	35	241,005	129,590	111,420	80	30	50
30 to 44 minutes	55	40	20	70	40	30	176,925	96,710	80,215	85	45	40
45 to 59 minutes	30	20	0	20	15	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	40	10	35
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	50	25	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	165	100	65	175	85	90	669,150	349,485	319,665	310	130	180
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	20	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	20	0	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	15	0	10	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	60	40	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	25	20	75	45	35	166,695	79,410	87,280	65	30	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	0	20	30	10	25	149,185	68,865	80,320	60	20	40
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	10	30	15	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	45	10	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	30	15	20	0	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	60	25	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	140	75	65	110	55	55	371,310	189,920	181,390	110	50	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	20	15	5	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	40	20	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	105	60	45	95	50	45	262,245	133,605	128,640	70	35	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	55	40	85	45	40	264,905	135,505	129,395	80	35	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	5	10	5	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	30	15	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	10	5	5	0	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	30	15	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	5	5	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	35	75	40	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	45	20	25

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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