Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660310More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660597More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662351More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	600	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	419	...	...	214	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	220	...	...	976,966	...	...	190	...	...	76	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	214	...	...	910,359	...	...	170	...	...	73	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14,814.8	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	11,355.0	...	...	3,440.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	600	300	300	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	415	210	210	210	105	110
0 to 14 years	150	85	65	309,765	158,545	151,225	85	40	40	20	5	15
0 to 4 years	50	25	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	10	10	5	0	5
5 to 9 years	55	30	25	106,985	54,660	52,320	35	15	20	10	0	5
10 to 14 years	45	25	20	103,590	53,120	50,470	20	10	10	10	5	0
15 to 64 years	370	185	190	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	280	145	135	140	70	70
15 to 19 years	35	20	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	10	5	10	10	5	5
20 to 24 years	45	25	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	25	10	15	10	5	5
25 to 29 years	35	20	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	40	20	20	20	15	5
30 to 34 years	30	10	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	40	20	20	5	5	5
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	30	20	10	10	5	5
40 to 44 years	40	20	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	40	20	15	10	5	5
45 to 49 years	50	25	25	125,505	62,690	62,815	20	10	10	15	5	10
50 to 54 years	45	25	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	15	15	15	5	5
55 to 59 years	30	15	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	25	15	10	15	10	10
60 to 64 years	20	5	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	10	10	20	10	15
65 years and over	80	35	45	351,325	151,210	200,120	55	20	35	50	30	25
65 to 69 years	25	15	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	10	5	10	15	10	5
70 to 74 years	25	5	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	10	10	15	5	5
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	0	10	15	5	10
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	5	0	5	5	0
85 years and over	10	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	10	5	5	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	0	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	5	0	5	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25.0	28.3	21.7	15.5	16.1	14.8	20.5	19.0	19.0	9.5	4.8	13.6
15 to 64 years	61.7	61.7	63.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	67.5	69.0	64.3	66.7	66.7	63.6
65 years and over	13.3	11.7	15.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	13.3	9.5	16.7	23.8	28.6	22.7
85 years and over	1.7	0.0	1.7	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	4.8	0.0
Average age of the population	36.2	34.4	38.0	41.0	39.8	42.1	37.9	36.8	39.0	47.8	49.6	46.0
Median age of the population	36.0	32.8	37.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	36.8	36.8	36.8	52.0	53.6	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	170	...	...	70	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...	70	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	110,440	...	...	65	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	185	...	...	479,885	...	...	110	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	210	...	...	910,355	...	...	170	...	...	75	...	...
1 person	60	...	...	367,400	...	...	60	...	...	0	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	271,730	...	...	40	...	...	35	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	98,205	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...	54,820	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	600	300	300	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	420	210	210	215	105	110
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	450	215	235	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	335	165	170	195	100	100
Married or living common-law	245	125	125	822,440	414,330	408,115	165	85	80	125	65	65
Married	200	100	100	577,060	289,455	287,600	145	75	70	110	55	55
Living common-law	40	20	20	245,385	124,870	120,510	20	10	10	15	5	5
Living common law - Never married	35	15	20	207,040	104,785	102,250	15	5	10	10	5	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	5	0	0	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	210	95	110	872,060	410,935	461,125	170	80	90	65	30	30
Not married and not living common law - Never married	135	75	60	627,845	333,150	294,700	110	65	45	55	30	25
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	15	5	5	0	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	25	10	10	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	5	30	82,815	16,590	66,225	25	5	20	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	495,445	...	...	100	...	...	70	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	251,075	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	495,445	...	...	100	...	...	70	...	...
Total couple families	120	...	...	395,645	...	...	75	...	...	65	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	273,070	...	...	65	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...	162,745	...	...	50	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	122,570	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	80,530	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	600	300	295	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	420	210	210	215	100	110
Total - Persons in census families	520	260	260	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	320	155	165	195	95	105
Married spouses or common-law partners	240	120	120	791,280	398,495	392,785	150	80	80	125	65	65
Parents in one-parent families	35	0	35	99,805	19,275	80,525	25	5	20	5	0	5
Children⁶	245	135	110	541,905	284,935	256,965	150	75	75	70	30	35
In a two-parent family	195	110	85	392,250	205,155	187,095	115	60	55	60	25	35
In a one-parent family	55	25	25	149,655	79,785	69,865	35	20	15	5	0	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	80	40	35	526,370	262,915	263,450	95	55	45	15	10	10
Living alone	60	35	25	367,395	175,660	191,740	60	25	30	5	5	0
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5	15	10	5
Living with non-relatives only	5	5	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	25	20	5	0	0	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	170	...	...	75	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	135	...	...	455,970	...	...	90	...	...	65	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	370,250	...	...	70	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...	194,165	...	...	55	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	176,085	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	60	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...	5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	450	220	235	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	330	165	170	195	95	95
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	205	220	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	325	165	160	x	x	x
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	39,600	36,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	32,000	32,000	32,400	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	205	220	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	325	165	160	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,000	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800	29,600	30,200	29,400	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	185	185	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	280	145	135	x	x	x
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,000	33,200	21,000	31,000	35,200	27,000	22,400	22,800	21,600	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	160	140	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	240	135	110	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,000	27,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	25,400	25,400	25,400	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	175	205	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	290	140	155	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,400	9,800	17,000	10,800	9,600	12,000	11,100	8,400	13,600	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	35	35	171,705	84,570	87,145	35	20	15	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,840	5,480	3,840	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	5,480	x	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	85	85	529,640	276,110	253,530	130	65	65	x	x	x
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	500	260	240	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	375	200	175	185	80	105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	460	235	225	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	355	190	165	x	x	x
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	41,600	37,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	39,000	37,600	40,400	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	460	235	225	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	355	190	165	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,000	36,000	34,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	34,200	32,800	35,600	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	215	185	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	320	170	145	x	x	x
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,100	34,000	23,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	31,400	32,000	30,800	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	180	145	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	280	165	115	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,300	34,400	25,200	48,760	55,650	41,480	31,800	31,600	32,000	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	205	220	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	335	165	160	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,100	11,500	18,400	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,680	9,800	13,600	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105	45	60	171,360	84,435	86,925	50	25	25	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,800	4,600	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,800	4,800	6,400	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	105	125	528,305	276,300	252,005	175	95	75	x	x	x
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,000	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,300	9,200	7,200	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	500	260	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	200	170	185	80	105
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	115	80	35	514,340	278,505	235,830	160	85	75	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	41,600	43,200	39,200	60,000	63,600	56,000	43,200	46,000	42,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,000	50,000	48,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	48,000	51,000	44,000	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	155	75	75	504,455	247,565	256,895	90	65	30	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	17,600	17,600	16,400	17,400	15,500	7,400	7,400	x	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	26,000	19,500	26,920	29,400	24,520	10,200	10,800	8,500	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)¹⁸	64.5	76.0	51.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	72.0	77.0	68.0	x	x	x
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.8	65.0	42.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	64.0	74.0	54.0	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)²⁰	35.2	24.0	49.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	27.8	23.2	32.5	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.2	3.6	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.2	1.6	2.8	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	13.1	10.4	16.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	11.4	13.2	9.2	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	12.0	9.6	14.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	10.2	12.4	8.0	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	450	215	235	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	335	165	170	x	x	x
Without total income	25	15	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	5	x	x	x
With total income	425	205	220	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	320	160	165	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	30	15	15	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	200,450	93,060	107,390	60	25	35	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	85	40	45	286,825	131,235	155,595	55	25	30	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	45	25	20	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	80	30	45	181,505	86,460	95,040	35	15	20	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	25	138,185	64,805	73,380	30	15	15	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	30	15	20	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	15	5	5	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	10	5	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	10	0	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	10	0	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	450	215	235	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	335	165	170	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	25	15	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	5	x	x	x
With after-tax income	425	205	220	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	320	160	165	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	30	15	15	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	20	210,975	98,495	112,480	60	25	35	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	100	40	55	334,395	155,845	178,545	70	35	40	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	95	40	50	257,145	124,835	132,315	50	30	25	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	75	40	35	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	20	20	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	30	15	15	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	20	10	10	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	5	0	5	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	5	0	0	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	450	215	235	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	335	165	170	x	x	x
Without employment income	150	55	90	495,060	212,405	282,660	90	35	55	x	x	x
With employment income	305	165	140	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	240	130	110	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	35	20	20	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	30	20	15	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	50	20	30	151,350	72,815	78,530	35	20	20	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	20	116,030	56,295	59,730	25	15	15	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	40	20	20	108,120	55,225	52,890	20	10	10	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	20	10	15	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	20	15	10	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	10	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	5	0	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	5	5	0	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	115,575	74,545	41,030	10	10	0	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	10	0	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	450	220	235	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	330	165	170	195	95	95
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	420	200	220	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	305	155	155	x	x	x
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,400	29,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	28,000	32,400	26,000	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	420	200	220	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	305	155	155	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	33,600	28,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	26,800	30,200	25,000	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	185	185	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	260	135	125	x	x	x
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,200	30,800	22,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	25,200	31,200	20,600	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	305	160	145	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	220	120	95	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	31,800	24,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	29,000	31,000	26,400	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	165	200	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	260	120	140	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	3,360	11,400	4,440	2,760	7,300	3,560	1,920	8,600	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	20	30	114,940	56,080	58,855	20	10	10	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	3,880	5,320	5,120	4,600	5,760	2,920	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	500	260	240	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	375	200	175	185	80	105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	455	230	230	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	340	175	165	x	x	x
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	30,800	50,000	57,050	43,280	33,200	32,400	34,000	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	455	230	230	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	340	175	165	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,100	32,400	28,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	29,700	29,000	30,400	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	420	215	205	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	295	155	135	x	x	x
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,100	31,800	21,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	30,600	32,000	28,800	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	180	160	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	250	150	100	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	32,800	23,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	32,400	33,000	31,600	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	190	225	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	300	160	140	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,760	7,550	11,600	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,550	4,400	11,000	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	25	40	114,595	55,675	58,915	40	25	0	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	3,400	8,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	13,000	7,600	...	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	500	260	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	200	170	185	80	105
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	115	80	35	507,645	274,575	233,070	150	80	70	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	39,200	41,600	34,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	38,800	42,800	31,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	44,000	44,000	44,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	39,500	42,000	36,000	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	150	75	70	462,020	227,495	234,530	65	55	15	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	26,200	19,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	21,200	23,000	x	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	26,000	18,500	32,320	35,520	29,240	24,000	26,000	20,000	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)	73.5	82.0	63.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	80.0	88.0	72.0	x	x	x
Employment income (%)	61.6	69.0	52.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	71.0	84.0	58.0	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)	26.2	17.2	37.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	20.0	12.0	28.0	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	1.0	4.5	1.1	0.8	1.6	4.0	3.2	x	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	210	...	...	910,355	...	...	170	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	62,800	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	58,000	...	...	55,200	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	60	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	34,800	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	32,400	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	542,960	...	...	110	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	78,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	68,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	367,255	...	...	50	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	42,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	37,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	175	...	...	543,100	...	...	125	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	94,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	82,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	210	...	...	910,355	...	...	170	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	57,720	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	41,545	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	60,495	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	270,265	...	...	45	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	85,635	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	210	...	...	910,355	...	...	170	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	63,030	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	25	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	35	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	5	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	501,830	...	...	100	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	179,195	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	88,000	...	...	x	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	208,260	...	...	55	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	60,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	65	40	30	477,085	240,895	236,195	80	50	35	0	0	0
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	40,400	42,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	34,000	35,600	33,200	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,800	36,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	32,400	32,400	32,400	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	175	...	...	501,905	...	...	115	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	79,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	179,455	...	...	25	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	95,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	208,375	...	...	65	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	104,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	92,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	95,455	...	...	20	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	60,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	60,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	30	20	476,520	240,280	236,245	85	50	35	0	0	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	40,000	45,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	42,000	42,000	44,000	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000	36,000	40,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	37,000	37,000	36,000	x	x	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	600	300	300	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	415	210	210	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	180	100	80	365,020	186,710	178,315	95	50	45	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	15	15	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	340	165	175	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	270	140	130	x	x	x
65 years and over	80	35	45	317,425	140,270	177,155	55	20	35	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	80	45	40	321,885	154,370	167,510	65	35	30	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	25	15	15	54,265	27,870	26,395	20	10	10	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	10	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	5	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	40	20	20	197,020	99,310	97,710	40	20	20	x	x	x
65 years and over	10	10	5	70,600	27,185	43,415	10	0	5	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	14.4	12.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	16.0	16.0	16.0	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	14.0	16.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	20.0	20.0	20.0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	12.0	25.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	28.0	30.0	30.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	12.0	10.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	14.0	15.0	12.0	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	14.0	25.0	8.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	18.0	x	20.0	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	600	300	295	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	420	210	210	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	180	100	75	365,025	186,705	178,315	90	50	45	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	20	20	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	340	165	175	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	270	140	130	x	x	x
65 years and over	80	35	45	317,425	140,265	177,155	50	20	35	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	15	213,720	108,905	104,815	30	20	15	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	0	0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	20	10	5	153,385	81,765	71,620	20	15	10	x	x	x
65 years and over	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	5	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.8	5.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	7.2	8.0	7.0	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	7.0	4.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	7.6	9.0	6.0	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	10.0	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	600	300	300	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	415	210	210	x	x	x
In bottom half of the distribution	415	215	200	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	315	160	155	x	x	x
In bottom decile	55	35	20	298,540	147,890	150,655	60	30	30	x	x	x
In second decile	100	50	50	244,435	115,985	128,450	65	30	30	x	x	x
In third decile	75	40	40	240,895	116,550	124,345	75	35	45	x	x	x
In fourth decile	100	50	55	218,125	105,885	112,240	50	25	25	x	x	x
In fifth decile	85	45	35	194,765	95,185	99,580	65	35	35	x	x	x
In top half of the distribution	185	85	95	762,590	384,140	378,450	105	50	55	x	x	x
In sixth decile	80	35	45	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	20	20	x	x	x
In seventh decile	45	20	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	20	10	10	x	x	x
In eighth decile	20	10	10	144,120	72,600	71,525	20	10	10	x	x	x
In ninth decile	25	20	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	10	15	x	x	x
In top decile	20	10	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0	x	x	x
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	600	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	420	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.257	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.422	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.234	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.227	...	...	x	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	600	300	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	420	210	210	215	100	110
English only	10	10	5	262,290	133,690	128,600	100	50	50	40	20	15
French only	295	140	150	486,845	221,005	265,840	90	45	40	5	5	0
English and French	270	145	130	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	215	110	105	165	80	85
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	45,860	18,340	27,520	20	5	15	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	600	300	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	420	210	210	215	100	110
English	120	60	55	605,220	303,380	301,835	165	85	85	115	60	55
French	425	210	215	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	165	85	75	60	30	35
English and French	40	20	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	70	30	35	30	10	20
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	44,430	17,640	26,790	20	5	15	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	600	300	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	420	210	210	215	100	110
Single responses	545	270	270	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	390	200	195	195	90	100
Official languages	265	135	130	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	150	80	70	125	65	60
English	45	25	25	322,315	162,085	160,230	55	30	25	75	35	35
French	220	110	110	870,975	428,435	442,540	90	50	40	50	25	30
Non-official languages	275	135	140	643,275	311,525	331,750	245	120	130	75	35	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	135	140	642,820	311,370	331,445	245	120	130	75	35	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	55	55	129,195	68,395	60,805	60	25	30	5	5	5
Berber languages	10	5	5	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	50	50	112,200	59,320	52,880	55	20	30	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	50	50	107,605	56,960	50,645	55	20	30	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	10	5	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	15	37,690	16,985	20,705	10	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	10	10	5	10	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	10	5	5	10	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	55	65	329,415	158,980	170,435	90	45	45	50	20	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	5	5	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	5	5	10	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	5	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	35	15	20	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	35	15	20	10	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	55	60	183,755	87,295	96,460	30	20	15	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	35	45	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0	15	5	10
Portuguese	5	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	10	5	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	5	5	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	40	20	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	5	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	30	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	60	35	25	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	10	15	15	5	10
English and French	5	5	0	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	0	5	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	5	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	5	5	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	600	300	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	420	210	210	215	100	110
English	65	35	30	340,470	170,050	170,425	80	40	40	75	40	35
French	215	115	100	779,125	383,000	396,125	65	40	25	30	15	10
Non-official language	65	30	40	204,395	96,705	107,690	95	40	50	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	40	204,315	96,670	107,645	95	40	50	25	10	15
English and French	25	15	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	30	15	15	25	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	135,390	66,995	68,400	50	25	20	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	160	75	85	180,900	85,935	94,965	60	30	35	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	45	20	25	35	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	5	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	600	300	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	420	210	210	215	100	110
Single responses	550	280	275	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	350	180	170	195	90	105
Official languages	415	215	200	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	205	100	100	150	75	75
English	110	55	55	479,850	239,270	240,580	105	55	50	110	55	50
French	305	150	150	956,130	471,155	484,975	100	55	45	45	20	25
Non-official languages	140	60	75	370,290	177,955	192,335	150	75	70	45	20	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	60	75	370,125	177,895	192,235	150	75	70	45	20	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	66,095	34,080	32,015	40	15	20	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	58,585	30,100	28,490	40	15	20	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	30	30	56,520	29,075	27,445	40	15	20	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	15	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	5	0	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	17,685	7,840	9,845	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	5	5	5	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	10	0	5	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	20	35	188,550	90,370	98,185	45	25	25	30	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	20	10	10	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	20	10	10	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	15	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	20	35	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	15	10	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	10	20	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	10	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	54,335	26,035	28,300	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	5	5	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	15	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	25	173,745	85,640	88,110	65	30	40	20	10	10
English and French	5	0	0	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	5	10	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	20	10	10	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	57,355	27,790	29,565	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	600	300	295	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	420	210	210	215	105	110
None	380	195	185	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	285	145	140	140	70	65
English	10	5	5	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	15	10	15	0	10
French	75	40	40	126,780	62,180	64,600	30	15	15	25	10	15
Non-official language	100	40	55	144,335	69,210	75,130	40	15	25	10	5	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	40	55	144,155	69,135	75,015	40	15	25	10	5	5
English and French	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	5	5	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	5	5	10	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	0	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	5	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	660	350	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	450	240	210	190	80	115
Official languages	645	345	295	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	415	225	180	190	80	115
English	270	140	130	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	320	175	145	190	80	115
French	620	330	290	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	285	170	120	155	65	90
Non-official languages	470	235	235	971,455	471,755	499,700	370	195	180	85	30	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	235	235	970,710	471,495	499,220	370	195	180	85	30	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	65	70	217,295	113,605	103,690	100	55	50	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	65	70	205,120	107,210	97,905	85	45	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	65	70	188,115	98,545	89,565	85	45	40	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	15	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	30	30	76,295	34,775	41,520	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	60	30	30	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	215	110	110	514,485	250,190	264,295	135	70	70	75	20	50
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	50	25	25	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	50	25	25	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	50	20	25	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	10	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	35	10	20	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	35	10	20	25	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	110	95	324,695	154,360	170,340	55	35	30	40	15	30
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	100	45	50	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	90	55	40	193,835	91,345	102,490	30	20	10	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	35	33,295	16,860	16,435	15	10	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	50	20	25	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	15	10	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	90	50	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	45	20	25	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	75	40	35	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	665	350	305	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	455	240	210	190	80	115
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	665	350	305	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	455	240	210	190	80	115
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	665	350	305	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	455	240	210	190	80	115
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	665	350	305	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	455	240	210	190	80	115
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
Owner	75	...	...	360,125	...	...	35	...	...	75	...	...
Renter	140	...	...	550,240	...	...	145	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	192,985	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	195	...	...	717,375	...	...	150	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	267,715	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	303,875	...	...	70	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	90	...	...	220,945	...	...	65	...	...	15	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	100	...	...	501,570	...	...	105	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	166,230	...	...	55	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	58,850	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...	65	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.2	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
One person or fewer per room	185	...	...	881,730	...	...	160	...	...	75	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	28,630	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
Suitable	180	...	...	834,885	...	...	150	...	...	75	...	...
Not suitable	40	...	...	75,475	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
1960 or before	25	...	...	325,005	...	...	105	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	170	...	...	282,605	...	...	40	...	...	70	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	200	...	...	833,540	...	...	150	...	...	65	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
One-maintainer household	100	...	...	543,605	...	...	90	...	...	10	...	...
Two-maintainer household	100	...	...	333,140	...	...	70	...	...	50	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	75	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	162,375	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	171,535	...	...	55	...	...	0	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	155,520	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	220	...	...	902,485	...	...	180	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	195	...	...	686,075	...	...	145	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	216,410	...	...	35	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15	...	...	189,795	...	...	30	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	330,635	...	...	75	...	...	10	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20	...	...	186,350	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
Not suitable only	40	...	...	56,480	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	145	...	...	579,720	...	...	100	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	215	...	...	875,865	...	...	175	...	...	x	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...	x	...	...
Not in core need	195	...	...	787,925	...	...	160	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	360,120	...	...	35	...	...	75	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	40.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	57.1	...	...	40.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...	1,370	...	...	x	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,200	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	620,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	550,235	...	...	145	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	28.4	...	...	17.2	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.7	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	890	...	...	920	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	987	...	...	1,060	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	660	355	310	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	455	245	210	195	80	110
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	660	355	310	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	455	245	210	195	80	110
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	660	355	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	450	245	210	195	80	110
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	505	260	245	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	320	170	155	195	80	110
Canadian citizens aged under 18	160	90	70	322,965	164,980	157,985	75	40	35	10	0	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	345	165	180	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	250	130	125	180	80	100
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160	95	60	313,410	160,530	152,885	135	75	60	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	660	355	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	450	245	210	195	80	110
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	320	170	150	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	145	85	60	130	50	80
Immigrants⁸¹	270	140	125	652,730	313,955	338,770	265	130	135	65	30	35
Before 1980	55	25	30	108,265	50,530	57,735	25	15	15	30	10	25
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	30	10	25	15	10	0
1991 to 2000	35	20	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	60	20	35	25	15	10
2001 to 2010	55	25	30	154,780	74,520	80,255	50	25	25	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	115	70	45	213,175	104,225	108,950	95	60	35	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	65	30	35	99,070	48,005	51,065	35	20	15	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	55	40	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	60	40	20	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	40	35	138,240	75,380	62,860	45	30	15	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	270	140	125	652,725	313,955	338,770	260	130	135	65	30	35
Under 5 years	10	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	0	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	55	30	20	103,285	51,965	51,320	40	25	20	15	0	10
15 to 24 years	35	10	20	118,475	53,035	65,440	35	20	15	10	0	10
25 to 44 years	140	70	70	326,320	158,620	167,700	155	70	85	40	25	10
45 years and over	25	15	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	20	10	10	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	270	140	125	652,725	313,955	338,770	260	130	135	65	30	35
Americas	95	65	35	137,955	63,465	74,485	20	10	15	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	45	30	15	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	50	15	30	158,795	76,610	82,190	55	20	30	15	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	40	15	20	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	30	10	15	0	0	0
Africa	110	55	60	152,205	77,515	74,690	85	50	35	0	0	0
Algeria	40	20	25	44,925	23,280	21,640	15	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	20	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	30	20	15	37,215	18,545	18,670	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	45	30	20	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	105	50	55	30	15	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	45	15	30	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	15	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	55	45	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	60	40	20	0	0	0
Americas	30	30	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15	36,195	17,970	18,225	35	25	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	660	350	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	450	240	210	190	80	115
First generation¹⁰⁰	350	185	165	813,905	400,325	413,580	320	165	150	65	30	35
Second generation¹⁰¹	215	120	100	424,225	212,755	211,475	100	60	45	50	15	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	95	50	50	721,230	352,590	368,630	35	15	20	75	35	40
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	215	115	95	544,455	263,425	281,040	240	120	120	35	20	10
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	40	25	303,105	155,090	148,020	155	85	75	30	20	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	25	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	75	50	20	15	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25	15	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	85	30	50	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	100	60	40	146,645	59,645	87,000	60	15	45	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	20	20	85,165	44,145	41,025	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	9,540	4,545	4,995	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	215	115	95	544,455	263,425	281,040	240	120	120	35	20	10
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	30	15	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	30	10	25	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	155	80	75	387,815	184,015	203,795	190	100	90	20	15	0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	660	350	305	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	455	240	210	190	80	115
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	425	225	200	737,510	363,785	373,725	325	190	135	70	25	45
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	40	15	20	30	15	15
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	100	60	40	0	0	0
Black	175	90	85	208,805	101,125	107,680	55	30	25	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arab	140	60	75	151,890	79,375	72,515	75	45	30	0	0	0
Latin American	60	40	20	82,550	40,580	41,970	15	15	0	20	0	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	240	125	105	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	125	50	75	120	55	70
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	660	355	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	450	240	210	190	80	110
Canadian	45	25	20	241,015	115,880	125,135	0	0	0	40	10	30
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	0	10	15	15	0
Irish	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	10	0	0	15	15	0
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10	0	10	336,880	169,710	167,170	35	15	25	20	15	15
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	110	65	45	0	0	0
Italian	125	60	65	156,025	76,485	79,535	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	25	15	10	30	15	15
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	10	10	0	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	15	0	10	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	15	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	10	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	25	0	15	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	10	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	40	30	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	85	45	40	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	70	40	30	44,795	22,825	21,970	30	15	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	40	15	25	41,695	21,670	20,025	30	20	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	60	35	25	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	15	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	665	355	305	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	455	240	210	195	80	115
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	20	10	15	0	0	0
Christian	400	210	195	969,945	451,410	518,540	185	100	85	135	55	80
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	15	20	116,635	55,545	61,090	40	20	20	20	10	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	15	10	0	0	0	0
Catholic	270	140	130	675,695	314,690	361,010	65	40	30	65	35	35
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0	25	0	20
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	25	15	10	16,130	6,980	9,150	25	20	10	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	30	15	10	41,965	19,030	22,935	20	10	0	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	20	10	10	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	165	80	85	233,440	121,145	112,290	95	45	50	30	15	15
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	70	50	25	590,140	310,985	279,165	120	75	50	20	0	10
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	650	345	305	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	450	245	210	195	80	110
Non-movers	610	320	290	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	405	205	200	190	80	110
Movers	45	30	15	255,365	129,500	125,865	45	35	15	0	0	0
Non-migrants	35	20	15	186,805	94,745	92,055	40	25	15	0	0	0
Migrants	10	10	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	10	0	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	10	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	10	10	0	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	10	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	605	325	280	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	430	235	195	190	80	110
Non-movers	315	155	160	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	185	95	90	140	60	90
Movers	290	170	120	821,475	413,250	408,230	245	140	100	45	25	25
Non-migrants	200	110	90	433,700	216,030	217,670	175	95	80	30	15	10
Migrants	95	60	30	387,770	197,215	190,560	70	45	20	20	0	15
Internal migrants	20	20	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	0	0	0	20	0	15
Intraprovincial migrants	20	20	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0	20	0	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	75	50	30	197,735	103,260	94,485	65	40	20	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	260	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	200	170	185	80	105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	70	45	274,820	136,500	138,320	45	30	15	15	0	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	385	190	195	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	325	175	155	170	75	95
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	310	150	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	155	115	100	45	60
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	25	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	15	10	0	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	255	120	140	975,700	481,690	494,005	255	145	110	95	40	60
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	260	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	375	200	170	185	80	110
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	55	30	247,460	120,840	126,625	40	25	15	15	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	65	40	319,755	162,520	157,240	100	45	50	40	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	315	140	165	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	235	125	100	125	50	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	235	110	125	473,060	232,855	240,210	90	60	35	70	25	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	105	50	50	146,170	81,740	64,425	35	20	15	10	0	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	90	50	35	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	15	10	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	10	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	0	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	120	55	65	260,845	122,345	138,495	55	40	15	55	25	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	80	35	45	609,855	291,355	318,505	140	75	70	60	30	30
Bachelor's degree	45	20	25	344,605	160,320	184,285	75	35	40	40	20	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	10	10	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	15	10	10	159,510	78,325	81,190	35	30	10	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	305	150	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	270	160	115	100	45	55
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	20	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	10	10	0	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	25	25	162,205	88,420	73,785	75	40	35	10	10	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	235	105	125	831,975	403,420	428,555	185	110	80	85	30	55
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	80	100	333,160	167,260	165,895	75	45	30	40	15	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	80	50	30	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	50	20	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	10	10	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	15	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	90	30	55	174,185	84,745	89,445	40	30	15	40	15	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	50	25	25	498,815	236,155	262,665	110	60	45	45	20	25
Bachelor's degree	30	20	10	276,640	128,890	147,745	55	30	25	30	15	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	20	10	10	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	25	0	10	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	495	260	235	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	200	170	190	80	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	190	115	70	567,220	283,355	283,860	140	75	70	60	30	30
Education	25	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	15	0	15	0	0	0
13. Education	25	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	15	0	15	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	25	10	20	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	15	10	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	10	0	10	0	0	0
Humanities	20	10	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	10	0	10	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	157,220	58,185	99,040	15	0	15	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	0	15	25	10	15
Business, management and public administration	70	25	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	40	30	10	25	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	25	50	237,125	108,040	129,090	30	25	10	25	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	20	0	15	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	35	20	15	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	35	20	15	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	45	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	50	50	0	20	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	25	25	0	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	65	20	50	122,295	30,795	91,495	15	10	0	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55	20	40	109,185	24,140	85,045	15	10	0	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	10	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	305	150	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	155	115	105	45	55
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	40	35	265,025	144,230	120,800	90	50	40	15	10	0
Education	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	0	10	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	0	10	0	0	0
Humanities	25	10	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	121,985	44,105	77,880	15	0	10	20	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	0	10	20	10	15
Business, management and public administration	50	15	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	35	25	10	20	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	15	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	30	20	10	20	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	0	10	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	35	20	15	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	35	20	15	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	45	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	40	40	0	10	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	20	0	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	10	40	92,595	23,265	69,330	15	10	0	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	10	30	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	10	0	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	10	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	305	150	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	155	115	105	45	55
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	40	35	265,025	144,230	120,800	90	50	40	15	10	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	230	110	125	831,975	403,415	428,560	185	105	80	85	35	50
Location of study inside Canada	145	70	80	598,455	286,340	312,115	85	55	35	65	15	40
Same as province or territory of residence	145	70	80	566,540	270,160	296,380	85	50	35	50	15	35
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	80	40	40	233,520	117,075	116,445	100	55	45	25	10	10
Americas	20	15	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	30	10	20	15	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	60	25	35	50,645	26,790	23,860	40	25	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	10	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	10	9,845	5,080	4,765	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	20	11,115	6,080	5,030	10	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	500	260	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	375	200	170	185	80	110
In the labour force	310	170	145	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	265	150	110	100	45	50
Employed	300	170	130	971,245	502,885	468,360	210	120	95	90	40	50
Unemployed	15	0	15	110,395	58,460	51,935	50	30	20	10	10	0
Not in the labour force	190	90	90	568,495	246,215	322,280	110	50	60	85	35	55
Participation rate	62.0	65.4	60.4	65.5	69.5	61.8	70.7	75.0	64.7	54.1	56.3	45.5
Employment rate	60.0	65.4	54.2	58.9	62.3	55.6	56.0	60.0	55.9	48.6	50.0	45.5
Unemployment rate	4.8	0.0	10.3	10.2	10.4	10.0	18.9	20.0	18.2	10.0	22.2	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	495	260	235	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	200	170	185	80	105
Did not work¹⁸⁶	230	100	125	582,470	253,075	329,400	115	50	70	80	30	50
Worked	275	160	110	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	255	155	100	105	50	55
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	115	75	40	529,400	287,950	241,450	160	85	75	75	30	45
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	85	75	538,265	266,540	271,725	95	70	25	35	25	10
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	43.2	35.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.0	36.8	42.4	44.8	41.0	49.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	315	165	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	260	150	110	95	45	55
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	305	165	140	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	255	145	105	95	45	55
Employee	280	145	135	907,745	457,830	449,915	225	130	90	95	45	45
Permanent position	230	140	85	741,830	380,445	361,385	180	90	80	85	45	45
Temporary position	50	0	45	165,915	77,385	88,530	45	35	10	0	0	0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	69,690	31,285	38,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	0	25	96,225	46,100	50,120	40	30	10	0	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	20	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	35	15	15	0	0	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	315	165	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	260	150	110	95	45	55
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	305	165	140	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	255	145	105	95	45	55
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	40	20	25	207,660	79,975	127,685	35	25	10	20	0	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	55	40	15	20	10	0
3 Health occupations	25	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	0	0	0	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	10	35	140,500	46,385	94,115	20	0	15	15	0	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	15	0	10	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	110	60	45	263,055	135,300	127,750	85	40	45	15	10	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	55	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	10	10	0	15	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	15	0	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	315	165	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	260	150	110	95	45	55
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	305	165	140	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	255	145	105	95	45	55
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	35	20	15	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	10	0	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	20	0	111,555	56,180	55,375	45	15	25	10	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	30	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	35	15	15	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	0	0	15	15	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	50	40	15	10	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	10	20	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	0	10	0	0	0
61 Educational services	35	10	25	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	0	10	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	55	10	50	142,545	36,095	106,450	30	10	20	25	0	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	30	25	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	20	0	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	0	10	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	320	180	145	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	280	165	115	105	50	55
English	10	0	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	90	65	30	20	15	10
French	175	95	80	416,430	206,170	210,265	55	30	15	10	10	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	10	0	10	0	0	0
English and French	125	70	55	473,485	249,700	223,785	105	55	50	70	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	320	180	145	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	280	165	115	105	50	55
Single responses	300	160	140	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	265	160	105	95	45	50
Official languages	300	160	140	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	240	155	90	95	45	50
English	60	25	40	361,715	194,885	166,835	130	85	35	65	30	35
French	235	135	95	645,885	327,180	318,705	110	65	50	25	15	10
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	30	10	20	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	30	10	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	15	10	10	10	10	10
English and French	30	15	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	15	10	10	10	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	320	180	145	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	280	165	115	105	50	55
None	210	115	95	743,180	381,875	361,305	165	100	65	45	25	15
English	60	40	20	219,885	116,455	103,430	60	30	30	20	10	10
French	40	15	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	35	30	10	35	15	20
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	295	165	130	971,245	502,885	468,360	215	120	95	90	35	50
Worked at home	45	25	15	298,820	151,335	147,485	45	20	25	35	25	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	60	45	15	89,120	62,795	26,325	20	15	10	15	10	10
Usual place of work	195	95	100	580,035	286,695	293,340	145	85	60	35	10	30
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	195	100	95	580,035	286,695	293,340	145	85	60	35	10	30
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	180	80	95	427,475	202,010	225,465	105	55	55	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	25	20	0	35	10	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	10	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	10	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	255	140	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	170	100	70	50	15	35
Car, truck or van	195	115	75	395,615	229,315	166,300	80	60	25	50	15	35
Car, truck or van - as a driver	175	105	65	365,770	218,475	147,295	60	55	10	50	15	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	10	15	29,845	10,845	19,005	15	0	15	0	0	0
Public transit	50	25	30	177,860	74,605	103,260	60	30	30	0	0	0
Walked	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	30	10	10	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	255	140	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	170	100	70	50	15	35
Less than 15 minutes	65	25	40	125,240	61,185	64,055	30	20	10	20	10	10
15 to 29 minutes	80	55	25	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	55	30	10	0	10
30 to 44 minutes	55	30	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	35	25	15	15	0	15
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	10	0	10	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	30	10	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	0	0	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	255	140	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	170	100	70	50	15	35
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	15	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	30	15	10	10	0	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	40	15	166,695	79,410	87,280	55	30	20	0	0	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	85	40	45	149,185	68,865	80,320	35	20	20	15	0	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	50	25	25	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	15	10	0	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	15	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	20	10	0	10	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	180	105	80	371,310	189,920	181,390	95	50	45	30	10	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	20	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	5	10	20	5	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	150	85	70	262,245	133,605	128,640	80	45	40	15	0	10
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	130	70	60	264,905	135,505	129,395	65	35	30	25	10	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	10	5	5	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	15	10	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	5	5	15	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	110	60	45	182,020	92,755	89,270	55	30	25	10	5	5

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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