Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660176More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663150More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662024More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	779	...	...	508	...	...	2,628	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	306	...	...	240	...	...	1,694	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	302	...	...	231	...	...	1,576	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,008.9	...	...	5,682.3	...	...	16,353.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.26	...	...	0.09	...	...	0.16	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	780	380	395	505	270	240	2,630	1,060	1,570
0 to 14 years	150	80	65	95	45	50	155	85	70
0 to 4 years	35	20	15	30	15	15	75	35	35
5 to 9 years	55	30	25	50	20	25	50	30	25
10 to 14 years	55	30	25	15	10	5	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	500	235	265	340	185	160	1,240	615	625
15 to 19 years	55	30	30	15	5	10	35	20	20
20 to 24 years	40	25	25	35	20	15	90	35	55
25 to 29 years	25	15	15	40	20	20	230	115	110
30 to 34 years	35	15	20	45	25	25	200	100	95
35 to 39 years	40	15	20	40	25	15	155	70	85
40 to 44 years	60	25	30	40	20	15	140	75	65
45 to 49 years	60	25	35	25	15	15	60	30	30
50 to 54 years	55	25	35	25	15	10	80	50	30
55 to 59 years	80	35	45	35	20	15	110	60	50
60 to 64 years	50	25	25	40	15	20	135	55	80
65 years and over	130	70	65	75	35	35	1,235	360	870
65 to 69 years	45	25	20	30	20	15	230	65	170
70 to 74 years	30	10	15	15	10	10	215	70	145
75 to 79 years	30	15	15	10	0	5	330	120	210
80 to 84 years	15	10	10	5	0	5	185	40	145
85 years and over	10	5	0	5	0	5	270	60	210
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	5	0	5	200	40	165
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	60	20	40
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	21.1	16.5	18.8	16.7	20.8	5.9	8.0	4.5
15 to 64 years	64.1	61.8	67.1	67.3	68.5	66.7	47.1	58.0	39.8
65 years and over	16.7	18.4	16.5	14.9	13.0	14.6	47.0	34.0	55.4
85 years and over	1.3	1.3	0.0	1.0	0.0	2.1	10.3	5.7	13.4
Average age of the population	41.2	40.5	41.9	38.9	39.0	38.8	55.6	49.9	59.5
Median age of the population	44.0	43.6	44.0	37.6	38.8	36.0	62.0	49.2	67.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,575	...	...
Single-detached house	80	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	50	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	30	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	35	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	140	...	...	145	...	...	140	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,355	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,580	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	90	...	...	1,070	...	...
2 persons	105	...	...	70	...	...	385	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	30	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	60	...	...	25	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	780	380	395	510	265	240	2,260	970	1,285
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	635	305	335	415	225	195	2,475	975	1,500
Married or living common-law	385	195	190	195	100	95	850	430	420
Married	260	130	130	120	65	55	390	200	190
Living common-law	125	60	60	80	40	40	460	230	225
Living common law - Never married	95	50	50	70	35	35	375	185	195
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	30	15	15	10	5	5	70	45	30
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Not married and not living common-law	250	105	145	220	125	95	1,625	545	1,080
Not married and not living common law - Never married	200	90	110	170	100	70	885	390	500
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	10	10	5	50	15	30
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	20	30	10	15	310	85	230
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	10	10	0	10	375	55	320
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	230	...	...	120	...	...	460	...	...
2 persons	105	...	...	65	...	...	350	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	25	...	...	65	...	...
4 persons	60	...	...	25	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	230	...	...	120	...	...	465	...	...
Total couple families	190	...	...	90	...	...	405	...	...
Married couples	130	...	...	55	...	...	175	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	30	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	20	...	...	125	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	40	...	...	225	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	15	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	25	...	...	175	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	30	...	...	60	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	25	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	775	385	395	510	265	240	2,260	970	1,285
Total - Persons in census families	680	345	340	355	170	185	1,090	550	540
Married spouses or common-law partners	380	195	190	185	95	95	810	410	395
Parents in one-parent families	35	5	35	30	5	20	60	20	40
Children⁶	260	145	115	140	70	70	230	120	105
In a two-parent family	210	115	95	95	50	45	155	75	80
In a one-parent family	55	30	20	40	25	20	70	45	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	100	35	60	155	100	60	1,165	420	745
Living alone	70	30	40	90	50	35	1,070	365	710
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	10	5	5	25	15	10
Living with non-relatives only	15	5	5	55	40	20	65	40	25
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	305	...	...	230	...	...	1,575	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	210	...	...	110	...	...	455	...	...
Couple-family households	180	...	...	80	...	...	400	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	45	...	...	105	...	...
Without children	75	...	...	35	...	...	295	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	25	...	...	55	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	20	...	...	40	...	...
One-person households	70	...	...	90	...	...	1,070	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	635	300	330	415	220	190	2,105	890	1,215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	610	290	315	405	215	190	2,075	875	1,205
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	52,800	47,200	34,800	37,600	33,200	41,200	46,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	610	290	315	405	215	190	2,075	875	1,205
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	44,000	40,800	31,800	32,400	31,200	36,800	40,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	545	265	275	340	190	150	1,895	820	1,080
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,000	38,800	28,600	31,000	22,600	31,200	38,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	215	235	295	165	135	1,210	610	610
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	38,800	30,800	33,200	28,200	40,000	42,800	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	205	265	355	185	160	1,780	710	1,070
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,600	11,900	11,800	9,800	12,900	15,900	13,700	16,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	30	55	30	25	165	80	85
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	5,480	6,120	6,080	6,500	5,320	5,600	4,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	75	75	155	85	70	480	245	235
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	695	335	365	435	260	175	2,050	880	1,170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	675	330	345	425	250	175	2,035	870	1,165
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	74,800	54,800	39,600	40,000	38,800	52,400	56,000	49,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	675	330	345	425	250	175	2,035	870	1,165
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,100	56,600	44,000	34,200	34,400	34,000	42,400	44,900	40,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	555	275	275	330	215	120	1,840	795	1,050
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,400	77,000	55,200	39,000	38,000	41,000	44,600	49,500	40,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	230	250	295	185	110	1,170	565	605
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,800	62,800	53,600	38,400	36,400	41,000	51,400	53,000	50,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	230	280	350	210	140	1,715	715	995
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,550	13,600	13,500	11,520	9,900	14,000	14,100	12,920	14,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	25	20	60	35	25	180	90	90
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,500	13,000	5,200	5,200	5,200	6,360	5,800	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	175	115	60	115	60	55	485	250	235
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,600	9,200	7,600	7,400	7,800	8,440	8,600	8,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	695	335	365	440	260	175	2,055	880	1,165
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	250	140	110	160	100	60	510	270	240
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	90,000	75,500	44,000	38,800	47,200	62,400	61,200	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,000	92,000	82,000	48,400	45,000	54,000	73,200	66,000	81,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	45	95	105	65	40	530	240	295
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	27,000	19,400	15,900	16,000	7,300	24,000	23,800	24,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,500	26,000	38,500	24,400	25,000	24,000	39,800	47,600	33,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	88.0	80.0	76.0	79.0	72.0	77.2	80.8	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6	59.0	70.0	67.0	66.0	68.0	56.4	61.6	52.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	12.8	20.0	23.8	20.8	29.0	22.7	19.1	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	5.1	3.8	6.1	5.4	7.4	4.6	5.0	4.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	4.8	3.0	5.2	4.4	6.4	3.8	4.4	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	635	305	335	415	225	195	2,100	890	1,220
Without total income	20	10	15	10	5	0	30	10	15
With total income	610	295	320	410	220	190	2,080	875	1,200
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	20	20	30	20	15	70	35	35
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	35	70	35	35	185	70	115
$20,000 to $29,999	80	30	50	65	30	35	440	145	295
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	30	75	35	45	305	120	185
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	65	40	20	270	105	170
$50,000 to $59,999	75	25	45	25	15	15	230	105	125
$60,000 to $69,999	45	25	20	25	10	15	140	65	75
$70,000 to $79,999	35	15	20	15	10	5	115	50	65
$80,000 to $89,999	40	15	20	10	5	0	85	45	40
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	5	10	0	5	60	25	35
$100,000 and over	90	55	35	15	10	5	165	105	55
$100,000 to $149,999	55	35	15	10	10	5	120	75	45
$150,000 and over	35	20	15	0	0	0	45	35	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	635	305	335	415	225	195	2,100	890	1,220
Without after-tax income	20	10	15	10	5	0	30	10	15
With after-tax income	610	295	320	410	220	190	2,080	875	1,200
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	20	25	30	20	15	80	35	45
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	35	70	35	35	200	80	125
$20,000 to $29,999	100	40	60	85	40	40	495	170	320
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	35	100	55	45	405	155	250
$40,000 to $49,999	80	30	45	50	25	25	335	145	190
$50,000 to $59,999	70	30	40	30	15	10	190	90	100
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	25	25	15	10	145	75	70
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	10	5	10	80	40	40
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	0	0	0	65	40	20
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	0	0	0	30	10	15
$100,000 and over	45	25	15	5	5	0	60	40	20
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10	0	0	0	30	20	5
$125,000 and over	25	15	10	0	0	0	30	25	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	635	305	335	415	225	195	2,100	890	1,220
Without employment income	180	85	100	115	55	60	890	280	610
With employment income	450	215	235	295	165	130	1,215	605	605
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	20	30	35	15	20	190	95	95
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	15	35	15	20	70	30	45
$10,000 to $19,999	60	20	35	45	30	15	130	60	75
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	20	30	15	20	120	60	60
$30,000 to $39,999	35	25	15	45	30	20	95	45	50
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	30	20	5	120	50	70
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	25	15	10	10	90	45	50
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	15	10	10	85	40	45
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	20	10	10	5	75	45	30
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	10	10	5	5	65	35	35
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	10	0	5	45	15	25
$100,000 and over	70	45	30	10	10	5	130	85	45
$100,000 to $124,999	30	20	10	10	5	0	70	50	25
$125,000 and over	40	20	15	5	0	0	55	35	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	635	300	330	415	220	190	2,105	890	1,215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	605	280	320	395	215	185	2,055	865	1,190
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,600	40,800	29,400	32,400	27,400	38,000	42,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	600	285	320	395	215	185	2,050	865	1,190
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,200	27,200	28,600	25,800	33,600	38,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	535	255	280	330	180	150	1,895	815	1,075
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,000	37,200	28,400	31,400	23,600	31,000	38,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	215	235	290	160	130	1,220	605	615
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	36,400	30,200	32,400	26,000	38,800	44,400	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	435	185	250	315	165	150	1,655	645	1,010
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	4,920	9,300	6,320	3,960	9,500	12,800	6,650	15,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	25	20	45	30	15	110	60	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,440	7,450	4,360	3,560	x	4,960	4,400	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	695	335	365	435	260	175	2,050	880	1,170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	670	320	355	405	250	155	2,000	855	1,145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,800	74,800	50,000	37,000	38,400	35,000	49,600	53,000	47,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	670	320	355	405	250	155	2,000	855	1,145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,800	40,000	31,400	31,800	30,800	39,400	41,200	38,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555	275	280	310	195	115	1,820	770	1,050
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,400	80,000	52,800	39,200	40,800	37,000	44,800	50,600	40,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	230	245	260	155	105	1,160	550	610
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,800	71,500	52,400	42,800	46,000	38,000	51,900	55,400	48,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	225	275	295	180	115	1,630	650	980
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,360	8,300	10,300	9,700	8,600	11,400	10,880	9,760	11,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	40	0	40	25	10	125	75	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,800	...	6,000	7,200	4,500	7,200	5,600	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	695	335	365	440	260	175	2,055	880	1,165
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	250	140	110	155	95	60	515	270	240
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	84,000	71,000	43,600	40,800	52,800	59,600	58,400	60,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,000	94,000	80,000	48,000	45,000	54,000	67,600	64,500	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	45	95	85	50	30	505	230	275
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	29,600	16,200	19,800	15,400	21,800	31,000	29,600	32,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,000	28,000	37,500	37,000	48,000	20,000	47,200	53,600	41,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.0	84.0	80.0	84.0	76.0	82.2	86.0	78.8
Employment income (%)	71.0	70.0	73.0	75.0	76.0	72.0	60.8	67.5	55.2
Government transfers (%)	11.2	7.8	16.0	19.2	16.0	24.0	17.9	14.0	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	1.0	x	1.6	2.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,580	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	57,600	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	70	...	...	90	...	...	1,070	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	37,200	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	32,400	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	235	...	...	140	...	...	505	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,560	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	68,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	60,800	...	...	55,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	90	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	43,000	...	...	46,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	37,500	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	255	...	...	145	...	...	470	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,580	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	160	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	120	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	100	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	100	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	85	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	115	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	90	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 and over	150	...	...	45	...	...	275	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	110	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	75	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40	...	...	10	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	55	...	...	5	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,580	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	165	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	130	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	125	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	125	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	95	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	60	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	125	...	...	30	...	...	175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	15	...	...	90	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	60	...	...	10	...	...	45	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	230	...	...	120	...	...	475	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	71,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	40	...	...	300	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	67,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	59,200	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	110	...	...	50	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	25	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	49,600	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	80	35	50	145	90	55	1,140	400	740
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	54,400	40,800	34,400	36,000	32,400	38,000	44,800	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	47,200	36,400	31,000	31,400	30,200	34,800	39,200	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	245	...	...	130	...	...	445	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	121,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	40	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	45	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	216,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	35	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	85	40	45	135	95	40	1,145	440	705
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,000	58,000	33,000	39,500	38,500	40,000	45,600	50,600	42,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,500	48,000	29,000	34,500	34,000	36,000	38,800	41,800	36,900
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	780	380	395	505	270	240	2,255	970	1,285
0 to 17 years	170	90	75	100	45	50	175	95	80
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	40	10	25	85	45	40
18 to 64 years	480	225	255	335	180	150	1,205	590	615
65 years and over	130	70	65	75	35	35	875	280	590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	75	30	45	90	40	45	415	150	265
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	15	5	5	20	20	5
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	10	0	5	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	40	15	25	50	20	30	170	85	90
65 years and over	20	10	15	20	10	10	225	50	180
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.0	11.6	17.2	15.2	19.0	18.4	15.4	20.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	8.0	12.0	18.0	16.0	16.0	12.0	18.0	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	16.0	x	x	6.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.0	9.5	15.2	13.0	18.0	14.1	14.2	14.0
65 years and over (%)	14.0	10.0	18.0	28.0	25.0	28.0	25.8	17.5	29.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	775	385	400	510	265	240	2,260	970	1,285
0 to 17 years	170	90	80	100	50	50	175	95	80
0 to 5 years	50	25	25	35	15	25	85	40	40
18 to 64 years	480	225	255	340	185	155	1,210	590	615
65 years and over	130	65	65	70	35	40	875	285	590
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	20	25	65	40	30	215	85	125
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	10	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
18 to 64 years	25	10	10	50	30	20	125	60	65
65 years and over	10	5	5	10	5	5	80	15	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	5.2	6.4	13.2	14.0	12.0	9.4	9.0	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	4.0	8.0	10.0	10.0	x	6.0	10.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.0	5.0	14.4	15.0	13.0	10.2	10.4	10.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	6.0	10.0	14.0	12.0	12.0	9.2	6.0	10.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	780	380	395	505	270	240	2,255	975	1,285
In bottom half of the distribution	335	150	185	390	200	190	1,450	580	875
In bottom decile	70	30	40	85	50	40	330	120	205
In second decile	45	20	25	85	40	45	365	125	245
In third decile	55	25	35	95	45	50	285	120	165
In fourth decile	80	35	40	65	40	25	265	105	160
In fifth decile	80	40	40	55	25	30	210	110	105
In top half of the distribution	445	230	215	120	65	55	810	395	415
In sixth decile	75	35	40	40	20	15	190	85	110
In seventh decile	60	35	30	35	25	15	195	80	110
In eighth decile	85	45	40	10	0	5	155	80	75
In ninth decile	115	65	55	30	15	20	145	80	65
In top decile	105	55	50	10	5	0	120	65	55
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	775	...	...	510	...	...	2,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.389	...	...	0.283	...	...	0.362	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.484	...	...	0.454	...	...	0.517	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.321	...	...	0.246	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	775	385	400	510	265	240	2,630	1,060	1,565
English only	15	10	5	90	55	35	50	30	20
French only	305	130	175	155	80	75	1,005	330	675
English and French	445	235	210	250	130	120	1,550	690	860
Neither English nor French	10	5	10	10	5	10	20	5	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	775	385	400	510	265	240	2,630	1,060	1,565
English	50	25	25	165	90	75	150	75	75
French	665	325	340	305	155	145	2,390	945	1,450
English and French	55	25	25	25	15	15	60	30	35
Neither English nor French	10	5	10	10	5	10	20	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	775	385	400	510	265	240	2,630	1,060	1,565
Single responses	745	360	380	485	255	230	2,545	1,020	1,530
Official languages	545	265	280	365	185	180	2,285	895	1,390
English	25	10	10	105	55	55	80	40	40
French	520	255	265	255	130	125	2,205	855	1,355
Non-official languages	195	95	105	120	75	50	260	125	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	195	95	105	120	75	50	260	125	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	50	25	20	60	30	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	40	25	20	55	20	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	10	40	25	20	55	20	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	5	0	0	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	15	10	0	0	0	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	50	70	45	30	10	150	75	70
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	25	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	25	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	5	0	10	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	15	5	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	15	5	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	45	65	10	5	5	100	50	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5	0	0	5	10	5	10
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Spanish	80	35	50	5	5	0	55	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	15	20	10	10	80	40	40
English and French	10	5	5	10	10	5	40	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	5	5	0	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	5	0	5	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	775	385	400	510	265	240	2,630	1,060	1,565
English	25	15	15	120	70	50	95	40	60
French	530	255	270	230	110	115	2,125	830	1,290
Non-official language	65	30	35	35	20	10	75	30	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	35	35	20	10	75	30	40
English and French	35	15	15	55	30	20	165	75	90
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	20	10	10	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	30	15	15	80	45	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	20	5	10	65	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	775	385	400	510	265	240	2,630	1,060	1,565
Single responses	710	350	365	470	245	230	2,545	1,020	1,525
Official languages	610	300	305	400	205	190	2,430	970	1,460
English	30	15	15	145	80	65	145	60	80
French	575	285	295	255	135	125	2,285	910	1,380
Non-official languages	100	50	55	70	40	35	115	50	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	50	55	70	40	35	115	50	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	40	20	20	30	10	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	35	20	15	30	5	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	35	20	15	30	5	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	20	10	10	65	35	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	5	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	30	5	0	0	50	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Spanish	50	20	25	0	0	0	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	65	30	35	35	20	15	80	40	45
English and French	20	15	10	10	5	5	45	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	10	5	5	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	5	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	775	380	395	510	265	240	2,630	1,060	1,570
None	660	315	350	410	220	190	2,365	935	1,435
English	30	15	15	40	30	10	105	45	60
French	20	15	5	40	10	25	45	25	20
Non-official language	40	25	10	15	5	5	60	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	10	15	5	5	60	30	35
English and French	15	10	5	10	0	5	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	890	450	440	515	280	235	2,180	955	1,220
Official languages	875	445	430	510	280	230	2,165	950	1,220
English	515	290	225	285	165	120	1,445	690	755
French	850	430	425	415	230	185	2,120	915	1,205
Non-official languages	280	145	140	100	60	40	495	220	275
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	280	145	140	100	60	40	495	220	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	15	0	0	0	70	35	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	25	15	0	0	0	70	35	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	35	25	15	0	0	0	65	30	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	85	90	50	25	20	365	170	195
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
German	10	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	80	85	25	15	10	295	130	165
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	15	0	0	35	10	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	140	65	70	0	0	0	245	110	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	885	450	435	515	280	235	2,180	955	1,225
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	15	10	0	40	35	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15	10	0	40	35	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	15	10	0	20	15	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	885	450	435	500	270	230	2,140	925	1,220
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	885	450	435	515	280	235	2,180	955	1,225
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	885	450	435	500	270	235	2,170	950	1,225
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
Owner	165	...	...	75	...	...	430	...	...
Renter	155	...	...	165	...	...	1,130	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	10	...	...	540	...	...
Not condominium	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,025	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	60	...	...
1 bedroom	30	...	...	50	...	...	980	...	...
2 bedrooms	55	...	...	120	...	...	445	...	...
3 bedrooms	145	...	...	45	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	85	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	85	...	...	145	...	...	1,415	...	...
5 rooms	50	...	...	45	...	...	100	...	...
6 rooms	60	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	90	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	4.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
One person or fewer per room	300	...	...	230	...	...	1,550	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
Suitable	295	...	...	210	...	...	1,525	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	30	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
1960 or before	60	...	...	125	...	...	190	...	...
1961 to 1980	50	...	...	75	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	100	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	100	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	360	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	870	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	305	...	...	205	...	...	1,460	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	40	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
One-maintainer household	135	...	...	140	...	...	1,215	...	...
Two-maintainer household	150	...	...	90	...	...	350	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	35	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	55	...	...	275	...	...
35 to 44 years	50	...	...	50	...	...	210	...	...
45 to 54 years	90	...	...	30	...	...	155	...	...
55 to 64 years	80	...	...	40	...	...	115	...	...
65 to 74 years	45	...	...	45	...	...	340	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	15	...	...	270	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	315	...	...	230	...	...	1,555	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	290	...	...	180	...	...	785	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	25	...	...	55	...	...	765	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	55	...	...	710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	315	...	...	240	...	...	1,565	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	95	...	...	865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	40	...	...	735	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	15	...	...	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	265	...	...	145	...	...	695	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	315	...	...	230	...	...	1,495	...	...
In core need	30	...	...	35	...	...	235	...	...
Not in core need	290	...	...	195	...	...	1,265	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	160	...	...	75	...	...	430	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.9	...	...	86.7	...	...	76.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,560	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,440	...	...	1,555	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	454,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	165	...	...	1,135	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	60.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	27.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	25.0	...	...	60.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...	21.9	...	...	20.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...	750	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	750	...	...	750	...	...	1,344	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	885	445	435	515	275	235	2,175	955	1,220
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	10	0	25	15	15
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	15	10	0	25	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	15	10	0	25	15	15
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	880	445	435	490	270	220	2,115	915	1,200
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	890	450	440	510	275	240	2,175	955	1,220
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	815	410	405	395	205	185	2,040	885	1,155
Canadian citizens aged under 18	180	105	75	55	10	50	140	80	60
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	640	305	335	340	200	140	1,900	805	1,095
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	75	40	30	120	70	50	140	70	65
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	890	450	440	510	275	240	2,175	955	1,220
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	665	350	320	355	185	165	1,830	780	1,050
Immigrants⁸¹	170	75	90	120	55	65	280	140	140
Before 1980	25	15	10	20	10	10	45	25	20
1980 to 1990	75	35	40	10	10	0	55	20	35
1991 to 2000	15	0	10	25	15	10	50	30	20
2001 to 2010	40	20	25	0	0	0	60	30	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	15	0	10	70	30	40	70	35	35
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	30	15	15	20	10	10
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	45	15	25	50	30	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	50	25	25	35	30	10	75	40	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	165	75	90	120	60	65	280	140	140
Under 5 years	20	0	15	20	10	10	10	0	0
5 to 14 years	50	25	25	25	20	10	50	15	30
15 to 24 years	15	10	0	15	10	0	40	20	15
25 to 44 years	85	30	50	50	15	30	160	85	75
45 years and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	30	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	165	75	90	120	60	65	280	140	140
Americas	65	25	40	20	10	10	45	25	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	15	30	0	0	0	15	15	0
Europe	20	0	10	20	10	10	150	80	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Africa	25	15	10	40	10	25	50	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	40	10	25	20	10	10
Asia	60	30	30	45	25	20	35	10	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	45	15	25	50	30	25
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	885	450	435	515	280	235	2,180	955	1,220
First generation¹⁰⁰	220	100	120	160	90	70	380	185	195
Second generation¹⁰¹	175	95	80	55	10	40	240	110	135
Third generation or more¹⁰²	495	255	240	305	175	125	1,555	665	890
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	140	55	85	105	50	55	230	110	120
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	30	35	85	35	45	145	80	70
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	20	15	25	0	25	90	65	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	10	20	55	35	25	55	15	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	10	25	15	10	0	65	25	40
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	20	25	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	140	55	85	105	50	55	230	110	120
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	20	0	10	0	10	40	30	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	95	40	50	90	45	45	140	60	80
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	885	450	435	515	280	235	2,180	955	1,225
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	260	135	125	180	90	90	240	125	115
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	25	15	10	0	0	0	15	0	15
Black	0	0	0	110	60	50	80	45	35
Filipino	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Arab	50	25	20	0	0	0	50	30	20
Latin American	100	45	55	0	0	0	55	30	25
Southeast Asian	65	40	25	0	0	0	10	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	625	315	310	335	185	145	1,940	835	1,110
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	890	450	440	510	280	235	2,175	955	1,220
Canadian	215	85	130	90	40	50	490	175	315
English	15	10	0	10	0	0	35	25	10
Irish	55	35	15	25	20	0	80	35	45
Scottish	10	10	0	0	0	0	40	0	40
French, n.o.s.¹²²	215	120	95	75	45	25	845	365	475
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Chinese	35	15	20	0	0	0	15	0	10
Italian	75	50	25	30	0	30	55	20	35
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Québécois	90	55	35	85	55	30	210	95	115
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
French Canadian	50	20	30	15	0	10	180	80	100
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15	0	15	20	15	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	25	15	10	25	15	10
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	30	10	20	0	0	0	15	0	15
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Moroccan	35	20	15	0	0	0	20	15	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Guatemalan	85	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	885	450	435	515	280	235	2,180	955	1,225
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian	550	265	285	375	205	170	1,310	505	805
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	10	60	35	25	70	30	40
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	505	240	265	275	140	130	1,215	455	760
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	20	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	50	25	20	0	0	0	45	15	35
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	255	130	125	120	60	60	815	430	385
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	880	445	435	510	275	235	2,160	945	1,210
Non-movers	865	440	430	445	250	190	1,580	695	885
Movers	15	0	10	70	25	45	580	255	325
Non-migrants	15	0	10	25	10	10	440	185	250
Migrants	0	0	0	45	10	30	140	65	70
Internal migrants	0	0	0	20	0	10	120	55	65
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	20	0	10	100	40	55
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	840	420	420	500	280	220	2,120	925	1,195
Non-movers	605	295	310	310	180	130	570	255	320
Movers	240	130	110	185	95	90	1,545	670	875
Non-migrants	170	100	80	70	30	40	1,030	400	625
Migrants	65	35	35	115	60	50	515	270	245
Internal migrants	0	0	0	60	30	30	430	225	205
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	55	25	30	390	205	185
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20
External migrants	60	25	35	60	35	25	85	45	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	695	335	365	440	260	175	2,050	880	1,170
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	30	45	125	70	55	325	180	150
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	630	300	325	315	185	125	1,730	710	1,020
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	450	215	240	295	170	125	1,040	515	525
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	15	20	45	25	20	50	45	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	415	190	220	245	145	100	990	475	515
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	700	330	370	440	260	175	2,050	885	1,170
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	20	40	110	65	45	290	145	145
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	150	90	60	155	115	45	325	125	200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	485	225	265	170	85	90	1,440	615	825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	105	135	105	45	60	675	295	375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	40	35	70	30	35	155	90	65
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	25	25	55	25	30	115	55	60
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	10	10	0	0	40	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	150	60	90	30	10	20	345	120	225
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	0	0	0	175	90	85
Bachelor's degree or higher	250	120	130	65	35	30	770	320	450
Bachelor's degree	160	85	75	45	20	25	425	185	250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	20	25	0	0	0	75	25	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Master's degree	30	10	20	15	15	0	205	70	130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10	0	0	0	50	35	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	450	210	240	295	175	125	1,045	515	525
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	0	20	35	15	15	40	35	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	45	30	110	85	25	95	50	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	350	155	195	150	70	80	900	430	470
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	75	90	95	40	55	350	200	150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	30	25	55	25	30	95	55	40
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	25	20	45	15	30	65	25	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	10	15	10	0	30	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	50	55	35	10	25	175	85	95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	65	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	80	100	55	30	25	550	235	315
Bachelor's degree	110	55	50	40	20	25	295	140	155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	15	20	0	0	0	70	25	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Master's degree	30	10	20	10	10	0	140	40	95
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	0	10	0	0	0	30	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	700	330	370	440	265	175	2,055	885	1,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	105	105	270	180	90	610	265	345
Education	55	20	35	10	0	10	60	10	55
13. Education	55	20	35	10	0	10	60	10	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	15	0	0	0	0	155	60	90
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	15	0	0	0	0	140	50	85
Humanities	0	0	0	15	0	15	110	55	65
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	25	20	10	10	245	70	175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	35
Business, management and public administration	145	40	105	30	15	15	345	145	200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	0	0	0	35	0	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	140	35	100	30	15	15	315	145	165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	0	0	0	50	15	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	30	10	0	0	0	70	35	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	30	0	0	0	0	40	35	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	75	10	50	50	0	170	150	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
14. Engineering	35	30	0	20	20	0	60	50	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	15	15	0	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	65	20	50	25	0	25	140	40	100
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	20	50	30	0	30	130	35	95
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	10	0	10	80	35	45
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	45	15	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	450	210	240	295	170	125	1,045	520	525
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	100	55	50	145	100	45	140	80	60
Education	20	0	15	10	0	10	20	0	20
13. Education	20	0	15	10	0	10	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	15	0	0	0	0	110	50	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	15	0	0	0	0	95	35	60
Humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	50	20	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	20	15	10	10	160	45	115
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	35	10	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Business, management and public administration	110	25	85	25	10	15	220	115	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	25	80	25	10	15	210	115	100
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	30	0	0	0	0	45	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	30	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	55	0	40	40	0	130	120	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
14. Engineering	30	25	0	20	20	0	50	45	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	10	10	0	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	10	35	25	0	25	85	30	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	10	35	25	0	25	70	25	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	10	0	10	0	10	40	20	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	20	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	450	210	240	295	170	125	1,045	520	525
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	55	50	145	100	45	140	80	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	350	160	190	150	70	80	905	430	470
Location of study inside Canada	285	130	160	110	50	60	755	350	405
Same as province or territory of residence	280	125	160	110	50	60	715	335	370
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	60	30	30	40	20	20	145	80	65
Americas	25	10	10	0	0	0	30	20	15
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0	20	15	0
Europe	15	10	10	0	0	0	90	50	45
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	0	75	30	35
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Africa	0	0	0	25	15	10	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	700	330	370	440	260	175	2,050	885	1,170
In the labour force	435	220	215	275	165	105	1,040	520	515
Employed	395	190	205	240	150	90	975	485	485
Unemployed	40	30	10	35	20	15	65	35	30
Not in the labour force	260	110	150	160	95	70	1,010	360	655
Participation rate	62.1	66.7	58.1	62.5	63.5	60.0	50.7	58.8	44.0
Employment rate	56.4	57.6	55.4	54.5	57.7	51.4	47.6	54.8	41.5
Unemployment rate	9.2	13.6	4.7	12.7	12.1	14.3	6.3	6.7	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	700	330	370	440	265	175	2,055	885	1,170
Did not work¹⁸⁶	295	140	160	160	100	65	945	335	605
Worked	405	195	210	275	160	115	1,110	550	565
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	255	145	110	165	100	70	525	280	245
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	50	100	105	65	40	585	270	320
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.9	46.6	43.2	41.6	41.6	41.6	40.2	40.7	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	440	220	220	280	165	110	1,040	520	515
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	410	200	210	270	160	110	1,030	515	510
Employee	350	170	175	260	155	105	875	425	445
Permanent position	275	145	135	235	140	90	700	340	365
Temporary position	80	30	45	30	15	15	170	85	85
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	10	15	20	10	10	65	25	40
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	50	25	30	10	0	10	100	60	45
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	25	30	0	0	0	160	95	60
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	440	220	220	280	165	110	1,040	520	515
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	410	200	210	270	160	110	1,030	515	510
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	85	30	50	25	10	20	230	70	160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	60	15	20	20	0	120	115	10
3 Health occupations	45	10	45	30	0	30	105	25	85
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	10	30	20	0	20	195	80	115
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	15	0	0	0	0	65	35	30
6 Sales and service occupations	95	35	60	70	40	25	200	100	100
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	25	0	65	60	0	80	75	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	15	10	30	25	0	20	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	440	220	220	280	165	110	1,040	520	515
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	410	200	210	270	160	110	1,030	515	510
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	15	15	0	45	30	10
31-33 Manufacturing	35	20	20	55	55	0	40	25	15
41 Wholesale trade	20	15	0	35	25	10	25	15	10
44-45 Retail trade	55	25	30	15	15	0	85	45	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
51 Information and cultural industries	15	15	0	0	0	0	55	30	20
52 Finance and insurance	25	20	10	0	0	0	50	25	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	50	35	15	15	0	10	185	115	70
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	10	15	0	0	30	0	25
61 Educational services	55	10	45	20	10	10	115	55	60
62 Health care and social assistance	55	0	50	45	0	45	155	50	105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
72 Accommodation and food services	10	10	0	15	10	10	45	30	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	15	15	0	10	50	15	40
91 Public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0	50	35	20
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	450	215	235	295	170	120	1,145	575	575
English	10	0	0	45	30	20	85	40	40
French	275	125	155	165	105	60	585	285	305
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	140	90	55	85	45	40	465	230	230
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	15	15	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	450	215	235	295	170	120	1,145	575	575
Single responses	420	195	225	275	165	115	1,095	550	540
Official languages	420	195	225	275	165	115	1,095	550	540
English	30	20	0	85	45	40	160	80	75
French	395	175	215	190	120	75	930	465	465
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	20	10	0	55	20	30
English and French	25	20	0	20	10	0	50	20	30
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	450	215	235	295	170	120	1,145	575	575
None	315	145	170	225	140	90	725	355	375
English	100	50	50	30	20	15	340	175	165
French	20	20	0	35	20	20	75	40	35
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	400	190	210	240	150	90	975	485	490
Worked at home	80	55	30	15	0	10	330	160	165
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	0	0	20	15	0	90	65	20
Usual place of work	305	130	175	205	130	80	565	260	300
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	305	130	175	205	125	75	565	260	300
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	275	115	165	155	85	70	465	210	255
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	20	20	0	15	10	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	20	15	25	20	0	75	35	35
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	315	135	180	225	145	80	650	325	325
Car, truck or van	190	90	100	170	110	60	340	190	150
Car, truck or van - as a driver	175	85	90	170	110	60	330	185	145
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Public transit	105	40	65	45	25	20	175	70	100
Walked	15	0	10	0	0	0	60	15	45
Bicycle	10	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	20
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	315	135	180	225	145	80	650	325	325
Less than 15 minutes	75	35	45	30	0	30	80	20	55
15 to 29 minutes	95	35	60	130	100	30	265	135	130
30 to 44 minutes	75	40	35	20	15	10	200	110	90
45 to 59 minutes	35	20	20	15	10	10	60	30	25
60 minutes and over	30	0	25	30	20	15	50	25	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	315	135	180	225	145	80	650	325	325
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	25	20	10	30	25	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	10	0	60	35	20	45	20	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	100	35	65	55	35	20	215	95	115
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	105	40	70	20	0	15	175	90	85
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	50	20	25	25	15	15	100	50	55
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	10	50	35	0	80	50	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	180	95	85	100	45	55	180	100	80
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	20	10	20	10	10	15	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	150	75	75	80	40	40	160	85	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	135	70	65	70	35	30	100	55	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	10	10	5	15	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	0	10	10	5	5	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	60	65	55	30	25	85	50	35

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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