Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660103More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663471More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662512More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	391	...	...	899	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	715	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	271	...	...	491	...	...	976,966	...	...	345	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	264	...	...	472	...	...	910,359	...	...	319	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,227.0	...	...	36,104.4	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	3,769.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.09	...	...	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.19	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	390	180	210	900	435	470	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	715	325	390
0 to 14 years	30	15	15	140	75	65	309,765	158,545	151,225	120	55	65
0 to 4 years	15	5	10	45	20	25	99,195	50,760	48,435	40	20	20
5 to 9 years	10	5	0	40	30	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	35	20	25
10 to 14 years	5	5	5	50	25	30	103,590	53,120	50,470	45	25	25
15 to 64 years	245	120	125	665	320	345	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	440	200	235
15 to 19 years	5	0	0	40	20	20	97,525	49,340	48,180	35	15	25
20 to 24 years	10	5	10	50	30	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	55	25	30
25 to 29 years	20	10	15	75	35	45	165,525	83,630	81,895	40	15	25
30 to 34 years	50	25	20	90	40	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	25	15	15
35 to 39 years	30	15	10	120	55	60	149,265	74,115	75,155	25	10	15
40 to 44 years	20	15	10	100	40	60	142,365	70,920	71,445	60	20	35
45 to 49 years	20	10	10	70	35	35	125,505	62,690	62,815	55	30	25
50 to 54 years	25	10	15	55	35	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	55	30	30
55 to 59 years	30	15	15	45	20	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	65	30	30
60 to 64 years	30	5	15	30	10	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	30	15	15
65 years and over	115	45	70	95	35	60	351,325	151,210	200,120	155	70	85
65 to 69 years	40	20	25	40	20	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	35	20	20
70 to 74 years	25	5	20	20	10	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	35	20	15
75 to 79 years	20	10	15	15	5	15	63,215	27,320	35,895	30	10	20
80 to 84 years	15	10	5	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	20	10	10
85 years and over	10	0	10	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	30	15	20
85 to 89 years	10	0	10	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	30	10	15
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7.7	8.3	7.1	15.6	17.2	13.8	15.5	16.1	14.8	16.8	16.9	16.7
15 to 64 years	62.8	66.7	59.5	73.9	73.6	73.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	61.5	61.5	60.3
65 years and over	29.5	25.0	33.3	10.6	8.0	12.8	17.5	15.4	19.6	21.7	21.5	21.8
85 years and over	2.6	0.0	4.8	0.6	0.0	1.1	2.8	1.9	3.6	4.2	4.6	5.1
Average age of the population	49.1	46.6	51.0	37.8	36.0	39.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	42.9	43.0	42.9
Median age of the population	50.0	43.2	54.0	37.6	36.4	38.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	44.4	45.6	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	265	...	...	470	...	...	910,360	...	...	315	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	60	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	265	...	...	55	...	...	479,885	...	...	225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	415	...	...	148,935	...	...	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	260	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
1 person	165	...	...	240	...	...	367,400	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	115	...	...	271,730	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	5	...	...	50	...	...	98,205	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	395	180	210	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	710	325	385
Average household size	1.5	...	...	1.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	360	160	195	760	355	400	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	595	275	325
Married or living common-law	130	65	65	325	165	160	822,440	414,330	408,115	285	145	140
Married	70	35	35	270	135	135	577,060	289,455	287,600	235	115	115
Living common-law	65	30	35	55	25	25	245,385	124,870	120,510	45	25	25
Living common law - Never married	55	25	30	50	25	25	207,040	104,785	102,250	35	20	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	0	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	225	95	135	435	195	240	872,060	410,935	461,125	310	125	180
Not married and not living common law - Never married	145	70	70	310	160	155	627,845	333,150	294,700	190	90	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	25	10	15	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	55	10	40	85	25	55	126,605	46,380	80,225	60	20	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	10	15	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	45	10	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	85	...	...	210	...	...	495,445	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	100	...	...	251,075	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	45	...	...	107,265	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	50	...	...	93,300	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.3	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	205	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	65	...	...	160	...	...	395,645	...	...	135	...	...
Married couples	30	...	...	130	...	...	273,070	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	80	...	...	162,745	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	55	...	...	110,325	...	...	45	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	25	...	...	122,570	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	15	...	...	77,700	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	55	...	...	99,805	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	40	...	...	80,530	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	390	180	210	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	710	325	385
Total - Persons in census families	200	95	105	590	285	300	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	535	255	280
Married spouses or common-law partners	130	65	65	315	155	155	791,280	398,495	392,785	280	140	140
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	15	50	10	35	99,805	19,275	80,525	35	5	30
Children⁶	45	25	20	220	110	105	541,905	284,935	256,965	225	110	110
In a two-parent family	20	10	10	145	75	65	392,250	205,155	187,095	180	85	95
In a one-parent family	25	15	10	80	40	40	149,655	79,785	69,865	45	25	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	190	85	110	310	150	165	526,370	262,915	263,450	180	75	110
Living alone	165	70	100	235	105	130	367,395	175,660	191,740	140	55	85
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	30	10	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	25	15	15
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	10	50	30	15	109,690	65,235	44,455	15	5	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	265	...	...	470	...	...	910,360	...	...	320	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	85	...	...	195	...	...	455,970	...	...	160	...	...
Couple-family households	60	...	...	155	...	...	370,250	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	85	...	...	194,165	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	70	...	...	176,085	...	...	50	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	45	...	...	85,720	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	165	...	...	235	...	...	367,395	...	...	140	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	360	165	200	760	355	405	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	595	270	320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	160	200	725	345	385	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	575	265	310
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	39,200	30,200	29,600	30,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	36,000	35,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	160	200	725	345	385	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	580	265	310
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	34,800	28,400	27,400	29,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	32,400	30,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	150	185	640	300	340	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	530	245	285
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	29,600	20,400	24,800	17,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	25,800	28,000	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	240	120	125	525	255	270	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	395	190	200
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,400	37,200	22,000	25,600	19,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	28,600	28,800	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	130	175	645	290	350	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	485	225	265
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,100	13,300	9,600	6,600	12,100	10,800	9,600	12,000	12,700	11,900	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30	15	20	75	30	45	171,705	84,570	87,145	50	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,560	2,800	6,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90	45	40	285	135	145	529,640	276,110	253,530	200	115	85
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,700	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	330	180	150	775	370	395	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	180	150	755	365	390	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	635	285	345
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	55,200	45,000	34,000	33,200	34,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	50,600	57,200	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	180	150	755	365	390	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	635	285	345
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,200	46,400	37,500	30,150	29,400	30,900	42,520	46,280	38,960	37,000	35,600	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	305	170	135	650	330	325	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	560	240	320
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,000	37,000	28,300	29,200	27,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	44,400	56,000	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215	140	80	530	260	270	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	440	195	235
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	54,000	46,000	29,200	31,000	27,400	48,760	55,650	41,480	43,800	56,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	270	150	120	645	300	350	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	530	245	290
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,400	14,000	11,060	8,700	13,100	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,300	12,100	14,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	80	35	45	171,360	84,435	86,925	60	20	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	2,200	...	...	10,400	6,400	14,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	8,400	2,400	12,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85	45	40	305	170	140	528,305	276,300	252,005	245	140	105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,200	10,000	8,900	8,600	9,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,400	10,200	10,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	330	185	150	775	375	400	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	70	40	190	100	85	514,340	278,505	235,830	165	90	75
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	60,400	54,400	46,400	46,400	45,200	60,000	63,600	56,000	50,000	63,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	70,000	62,000	54,400	55,000	54,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	79,000	96,000	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	70	55	20	250	120	130	504,455	247,565	256,895	210	90	125
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	29,800	x	12,300	15,900	11,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	10,400	6,700	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,000	39,000	40,000	17,800	19,200	16,400	26,920	29,400	24,520	26,600	26,000	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.0	76.0	72.0	78.5	66.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	78.0	82.0	73.5
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	74.0	52.0	60.8	67.0	55.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	60.0	67.0	52.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	15.6	25.0	28.0	21.2	34.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	22.0	17.6	26.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	x	x	3.2	1.8	4.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.5	0.3	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.8	6.6	11.8	12.8	11.0	6.4	5.9	7.0	8.7	9.0	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.0	6.0	10.6	11.8	9.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	7.9	8.4	7.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	360	160	195	760	355	400	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	590	270	325
Without total income	0	0	0	35	15	25	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	0	5
With total income	355	165	195	725	340	380	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	580	270	315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5	0	5	100	45	50	138,250	65,670	72,580	60	25	35
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	105	55	45	200,450	93,060	107,390	65	30	30
$20,000 to $29,999	65	25	45	165	75	90	286,825	131,235	155,595	115	55	60
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	35	120	50	65	215,455	102,705	112,755	75	30	45
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	80	35	45	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	25	45
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	65	25	40	138,185	64,805	73,380	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	35	25	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	10	20	10	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	15	10	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	25	10	15	149,555	92,680	56,875	70	40	25
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	20	10	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	40	15	25
$150,000 and over	5	0	5	5	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	30	20	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	360	160	195	760	355	400	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	590	270	325
Without after-tax income	0	0	0	35	15	25	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	0	5
With after-tax income	355	165	195	725	340	380	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	580	270	315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10	0	5	100	45	50	144,275	67,955	76,320	65	25	40
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	105	60	45	210,975	98,495	112,480	65	35	35
$20,000 to $29,999	80	30	50	185	85	105	334,395	155,845	178,545	135	65	70
$30,000 to $39,999	80	35	45	140	60	75	257,145	124,835	132,315	85	35	50
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	90	35	50	204,980	97,805	107,175	75	30	40
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	15	50	30	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	35	15	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	15	25	15	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	35	10	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	20	10	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	10	0	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	20	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	5	0	5	10	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	35	30	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	5	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	15	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	360	160	195	760	355	400	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	590	270	325
Without employment income	115	40	75	235	100	135	495,060	212,405	282,660	200	80	125
With employment income	245	120	125	525	255	270	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	390	190	205
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	10	15	90	40	55	167,560	82,405	85,155	70	35	35
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	10	75	30	45	111,575	52,975	58,595	55	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	20	5	15	85	45	40	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	30	15	15	45	20	30	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	20	20
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	65	30	35	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	15	25
$40,000 to $49,999	30	10	20	45	25	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	30	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	25	20	5	40	15	20	84,485	42,940	41,540	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	20	20	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	10	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	15	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	5	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	0	0
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	25	10	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	40	30	15
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	15	5	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	15	10	10
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	30	20	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	360	165	200	760	355	405	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	595	270	320
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	165	190	680	315	360	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	540	255	285
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	36,800	25,000	24,000	25,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	35,200	35,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	165	190	680	315	360	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	540	255	290
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,000	32,400	23,800	22,800	24,600	31,000	32,800	29,400	32,400	32,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	150	180	585	270	315	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	495	235	260
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,000	23,200	25,800	22,000	32,000	36,000	28,200	32,400	34,400	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	125	125	480	235	245	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	380	195	185
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,200	40,000	25,200	26,800	24,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	32,800	32,800	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	110	165	565	250	315	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	420	185	230
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	2,900	9,400	3,000	1,960	4,720	4,440	2,760	7,300	6,950	3,600	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	5	10	40	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	25	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,640	5,200	6,600	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,900	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	330	180	150	775	370	395	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	180	145	685	315	365	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	590	275	315
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,800	54,000	41,000	33,900	34,400	33,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	50,000	55,200	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	180	145	685	315	365	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	590	275	315
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,400	34,500	29,850	30,200	29,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	40,000	42,000	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	175	135	610	290	320	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	540	250	290
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,400	35,000	32,000	34,400	29,900	49,080	57,750	40,560	47,400	55,200	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	235	150	85	470	230	245	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	450	215	240
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	52,000	38,000	34,600	36,400	32,800	48,720	55,750	41,240	44,800	52,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	230	125	100	530	230	300	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	455	195	265
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	8,200	13,000	7,160	4,720	9,100	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,600	7,700	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	60	35	25	114,595	55,675	58,915	20	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,000	...	...	6,600	5,600	8,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	9,000	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	330	185	150	775	375	400	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	70	40	200	100	95	507,645	274,575	233,070	170	95	75
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	58,800	52,800	44,400	40,000	44,400	54,400	58,400	50,400	58,000	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,000	68,000	54,000	50,000	51,000	50,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	73,000	88,000	54,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	70	55	20	185	85	100	462,020	227,495	234,530	220	95	125
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200	33,200	x	20,800	21,000	13,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	17,400	11,100	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,000	44,000	28,000	26,400	28,400	24,400	32,320	35,520	29,240	30,000	28,000	31,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	90.0	78.0	84.0	90.0	78.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	87.0	90.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	71.0	80.0	54.0	69.5	76.0	64.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	68.5	73.0	63.0
Government transfers (%)	14.8	10.4	22.0	16.4	10.0	22.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	13.4	10.0	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	x	x	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6	0.6	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	260	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	45,200	...	...	66,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	40,400	...	...	58,000	...	...	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	165	...	...	235	...	...	367,395	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	31,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	29,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	100	...	...	235	...	...	542,960	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	80,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	250	...	...	475	...	...	910,360	...	...	345	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	53,600	...	...	92,700	...	...	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	47,600	...	...	74,100	...	...	68,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	220	...	...	367,255	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	37,600	...	...	49,760	...	...	50,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	32,400	...	...	40,640	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	255	...	...	543,100	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	121,800	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	60,400	...	...	96,700	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	260	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	20	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	40	...	...	57,720	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	41,545	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	40,980	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	55	...	...	75,485	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	60	...	...	270,265	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	85,635	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	62,095	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	260	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	20	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	45	...	...	63,030	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	48,815	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	50,890	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	50	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	20	...	...	30	...	...	197,490	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	85	...	...	215	...	...	501,830	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	94,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.3	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	70	...	...	179,195	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	54,400	...	...	88,000	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	51,600	...	...	75,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	85	...	...	208,260	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	82,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	73,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	50	...	...	95,875	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	58,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	53,200	...	...	59,600	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	185	80	105	285	130	150	477,085	240,895	236,195	155	60	95
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	52,000	40,000	30,200	25,400	32,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	37,200	35,600	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	44,400	34,400	27,800	23,600	29,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	34,800	32,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	70	...	...	240	...	...	501,905	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	66,500	...	...	125,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	98,700	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	70	...	...	179,455	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	50,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	90	...	...	208,375	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	86,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	168,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	76,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	60	...	...	95,455	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	48,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	46,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	185	95	85	270	130	140	476,520	240,280	236,245	185	70	120
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,200	59,000	51,000	36,000	30,400	41,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	47,200	58,000	40,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	49,000	41,000	31,000	26,800	35,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	39,200	46,000	35,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	390	180	215	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	710	325	390
0 to 17 years	30	15	15	165	90	75	365,020	186,710	178,315	140	65	85
0 to 5 years	20	5	10	60	30	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	55	20	30
18 to 64 years	245	120	125	640	305	330	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	420	195	225
65 years and over	115	45	70	95	35	60	317,425	140,270	177,155	150	70	85
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	45	10	35	265	135	125	321,885	154,370	167,510	115	50	60
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	55	35	20	54,265	27,870	26,395	25	5	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	15	10	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	15	5	5
18 to 64 years	15	10	15	175	95	85	197,020	99,310	97,710	55	30	30
65 years and over	20	5	20	35	15	20	70,600	27,185	43,415	30	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	6.0	16.0	29.6	32.5	27.2	16.4	16.0	16.9	15.6	15.2	15.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	31.0	36.0	24.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	17.0	16.0	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	24.0	32.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	20.0	20.0	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	5.0	10.0	27.6	29.6	25.6	15.4	15.6	15.3	13.2	14.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	12.0	28.0	40.0	45.0	38.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	20.0	20.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	390	180	210	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	710	325	385
0 to 17 years	30	15	15	165	85	75	365,025	186,705	178,315	145	60	80
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	60	35	30	120,610	61,615	58,995	55	25	30
18 to 64 years	245	115	130	635	305	335	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	415	200	220
65 years and over	115	45	70	95	40	60	317,425	140,265	177,155	150	65	85
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	10	15	170	95	75	213,720	108,905	104,815	55	25	30
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	20	15	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	5	5	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	10	5	0
18 to 64 years	20	5	10	125	65	55	153,385	81,765	71,620	35	20	15
65 years and over	5	0	5	25	15	10	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	6.0	8.0	19.0	22.8	15.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	7.8	8.0	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	13.0	16.0	10.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	10.0	8.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.0	12.0	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	10.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	5.0	9.0	19.6	23.0	17.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	8.0	9.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	4.0	x	6.0	26.0	40.0	16.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	5.0	6.0	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	390	180	210	900	435	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	710	325	390
In bottom half of the distribution	250	105	140	760	360	400	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	430	190	245
In bottom decile	40	15	25	245	130	110	298,540	147,890	150,655	80	40	45
In second decile	55	20	35	140	60	80	244,435	115,985	128,450	135	65	70
In third decile	50	25	30	170	80	95	240,895	116,550	124,345	85	35	55
In fourth decile	55	30	25	110	50	55	218,125	105,885	112,240	70	30	45
In fifth decile	50	20	30	95	40	55	194,765	95,185	99,580	60	25	40
In top half of the distribution	140	70	70	140	70	70	762,590	384,140	378,450	280	135	140
In sixth decile	50	25	25	50	25	20	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	20	20
In seventh decile	35	20	20	20	10	10	156,540	78,290	78,250	55	20	30
In eighth decile	25	10	15	30	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	55	30	25
In ninth decile	20	10	10	15	5	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	50	25	25
In top decile	10	0	5	20	5	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	75	35	35
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	390	...	...	895	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.263	...	...	0.324	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.496	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.555	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.226	...	...	0.287	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.359	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	390	180	210	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	715	330	385
English only	5	5	0	285	135	150	262,290	133,690	128,600	70	40	35
French only	165	65	100	70	30	45	486,845	221,005	265,840	145	60	90
English and French	220	110	110	520	250	270	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	485	230	250
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	30	20	10	45,860	18,340	27,520	15	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	390	180	210	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	715	330	385
English	20	20	5	455	220	240	605,220	303,380	301,835	175	80	95
French	345	155	195	195	75	120	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	425	190	235
English and French	20	10	15	220	120	100	173,785	88,480	85,300	95	55	45
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	25	15	10	44,430	17,640	26,790	15	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	390	180	210	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	715	330	385
Single responses	365	160	200	830	405	430	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	660	305	360
Official languages	305	140	170	265	125	145	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	340	155	185
English	10	10	5	180	85	95	322,315	162,085	160,230	55	25	30
French	295	130	160	90	35	50	870,975	428,435	442,540	285	125	155
Non-official languages	60	25	35	565	280	280	643,275	311,525	331,750	320	150	170
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	565	280	280	642,820	311,370	331,445	320	150	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	30	10	15	129,195	68,395	60,805	120	60	60
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	20	10	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	30	10	15	112,200	59,320	52,880	100	50	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	25	10	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	100	50	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	5	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	5	10	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	5	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	20	445	230	210	329,415	158,980	170,435	160	75	85
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	40	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	80	35	40	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	80	35	40	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	75	35	35	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	5	245	125	115	68,600	36,145	32,455	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	15	5	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	5	240	120	120	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	5	240	120	120	18,950	9,395	9,555	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	5	220	115	110	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20	110	65	50	183,755	87,295	96,460	40	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	5	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	20	10	10
Portuguese	10	10	5	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	70	35	30	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	5	5
Spanish	15	5	10	35	20	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	10	15	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	10	15	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	5,945	3,030	2,910	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	5	5	5,300	2,685	2,615	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	70	25	40	143,450	71,980	71,470	55	20	30
English and French	10	5	5	15	0	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	10	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	15	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	15	5	10	47,185	23,615	23,570	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	390	180	210	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	715	330	385
English	10	5	0	205	100	105	340,470	170,050	170,425	55	25	30
French	280	120	160	70	30	45	779,125	383,000	396,125	270	125	140
Non-official language	10	5	10	255	130	120	204,395	96,705	107,690	100	45	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	5	10	255	135	120	204,315	96,670	107,645	100	45	50
English and French	25	20	5	50	25	25	173,135	89,205	83,935	45	20	30
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	135	65	70	135,390	66,995	68,400	75	35	40
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	35	15	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	95	40	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	15	125	60	70	154,470	76,450	78,020	70	30	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	12,130	5,690	6,435	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	390	180	210	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	715	330	385
Single responses	365	165	200	805	385	420	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	640	295	345
Official languages	335	155	180	410	180	230	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	470	215	255
English	20	10	5	300	130	165	479,850	239,270	240,580	105	50	55
French	315	140	175	115	45	65	956,130	471,155	484,975	360	165	200
Non-official languages	30	15	20	395	210	190	370,290	177,955	192,335	170	80	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	15	20	395	205	190	370,125	177,895	192,235	170	80	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	65	35	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	5	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	10	5	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	55	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	10	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	55	30	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	5	10	320	170	150	188,550	90,370	98,185	90	40	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	30	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50	25	20	21,410	9,870	11,540	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50	25	20	21,300	9,830	11,475	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	40	25	20	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	195	100	95	50,680	26,200	24,485	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	10	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	10	0	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	195	100	95	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	190	100	95	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5	5	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	175	90	85	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15	70	45	30	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	5	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	50	25	25	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	0	5
Spanish	5	5	10	20	15	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	25	15	10	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	43,570	20,275	23,295	5	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	43,475	20,230	23,240	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	10	10	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	5	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	15	95	45	50	173,745	85,640	88,110	75	35	40
English and French	5	5	5	25	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	35	15	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	30	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	395	180	210	900	430	470	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	715	330	385
None	320	140	180	585	290	300	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	475	220	250
English	25	10	10	85	45	40	131,630	67,290	64,340	45	20	25
French	15	10	5	45	15	30	126,780	62,180	64,600	55	25	30
Non-official language	10	5	5	105	45	60	144,335	69,210	75,130	85	35	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	5	5	105	45	60	144,155	69,135	75,015	85	35	45
English and French	0	0	0	40	25	20	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	5	15	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	5	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	10	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	350	185	165	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	765	345	415
Official languages	350	180	165	875	445	435	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	755	345	410
English	185	110	75	840	420	415	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	630	290	345
French	350	180	165	605	305	295	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	690	315	375
Non-official languages	70	50	20	735	395	335	971,455	471,755	499,700	450	235	215
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	50	20	725	395	330	970,710	471,495	499,220	450	235	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	170	90	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	25	15	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	25	15	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	150	80	65
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	25	10	15	188,115	98,545	89,565	150	80	65
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	15	0	15	0	15	76,295	34,775	41,520	15	10	0
Haitian Creole	20	15	0	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	15	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	40	15	615	335	280	514,485	250,190	264,295	275	140	135
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	35	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	185	105	80	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	185	105	80	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	25	10	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	145	80	70	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	75	45	30	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	70	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	240	140	100	91,140	48,390	42,750	45	15	30
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	66,760	36,130	30,625	20	0	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	230	140	90	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	230	140	90	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	215	130	85	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	15	220	105	115	324,695	154,360	170,340	130	80	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	65	40	25
Portuguese	15	15	10	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0	110	50	60	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	35	35	0	80	35	50	193,835	91,345	102,490	75	45	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	15	10	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	35	25	10	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	350	185	165	930	480	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	765	350	415
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	25	0	20	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	25	0	20	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	345	185	160	905	470	435	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	765	350	410
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	350	185	165	930	480	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	765	350	415
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	350	185	165	910	470	440	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	765	350	410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Owner	210	...	...	10	...	...	360,125	...	...	145	...	...
Renter	35	...	...	460	...	...	550,240	...	...	200	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Condominium	220	...	...	25	...	...	192,985	...	...	35	...	...
Not condominium	20	...	...	455	...	...	717,375	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	55	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	55	...	...	230	...	...	267,715	...	...	125	...	...
2 bedrooms	185	...	...	160	...	...	303,875	...	...	65	...	...
3 bedrooms	0	...	...	35	...	...	220,945	...	...	55	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	225	...	...	425	...	...	501,570	...	...	180	...	...
5 rooms	15	...	...	50	...	...	166,230	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	78,495	...	...	20	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	90	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
One person or fewer per room	250	...	...	455	...	...	881,730	...	...	330	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	25	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Suitable	240	...	...	380	...	...	834,885	...	...	310	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	100	...	...	75,475	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	100	...	...	325,005	...	...	155	...	...
1961 to 1980	10	...	...	215	...	...	282,605	...	...	140	...	...
1981 to 1990	210	...	...	60	...	...	101,185	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	75	...	...	63,765	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	15	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	235	...	...	430	...	...	833,540	...	...	300	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	45	...	...	76,815	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
One-maintainer household	175	...	...	310	...	...	543,605	...	...	250	...	...
Two-maintainer household	70	...	...	135	...	...	333,140	...	...	75	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	30	...	...	33,620	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	250	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	40	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	80	...	...	162,375	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	20	...	...	140	...	...	171,535	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	110	...	...	155,520	...	...	95	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	30	...	...	156,865	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	55	...	...	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	25	...	...	70,345	...	...	45	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	245	...	...	475	...	...	902,485	...	...	340	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	195	...	...	320	...	...	686,075	...	...	255	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	155	...	...	216,410	...	...	85	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	115	...	...	189,795	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	245	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	265	...	...	330,635	...	...	155	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	50	...	...	125	...	...	186,350	...	...	80	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	75	...	...	56,480	...	...	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	35	...	...	50,745	...	...	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	20	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	185	...	...	215	...	...	579,720	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	245	...	...	430	...	...	875,865	...	...	335	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	90	...	...	87,945	...	...	45	...	...
Not in core need	240	...	...	345	...	...	787,925	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	210	...	...	0	...	...	360,120	...	...	145	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.0	...	...	...	...	...	60.0	...	...	51.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	...	...	...	17.4	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	x	...	...	1,572	...	...	2,200	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	220,000	...	...	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	214,000	...	...	x	...	...	638,000	...	...	960,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	465	...	...	550,235	...	...	200	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	4.3	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	57.1	...	...	33.3	...	...	28.4	...	...	30.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	21.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	950	...	...	890	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	956	...	...	987	...	...	830	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	350	185	165	925	475	455	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	765	350	415
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	20	0	20	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	20	0	20	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	10	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	10	10	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	345	185	160	890	470	420	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	755	345	410
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	355	185	165	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	765	350	415
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	345	185	165	595	295	305	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	730	345	385
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20	0	15	135	85	50	322,965	164,980	157,985	160	65	95
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	325	185	150	465	210	250	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	570	280	290
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	330	180	150	313,410	160,530	152,885	35	10	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	355	185	165	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	765	350	415
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	285	150	135	270	120	145	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	505	220	280
Immigrants⁸¹	65	35	30	500	260	245	652,730	313,955	338,770	235	130	110
Before 1980	0	0	0	30	0	25	108,265	50,530	57,735	45	25	20
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	25	10	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	40	25	15
1991 to 2000	15	10	10	45	35	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	60	25	30
2001 to 2010	20	15	10	150	70	75	154,780	74,520	80,255	50	25	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	10	250	140	115	213,175	104,225	108,950	40	25	20
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	115	55	65	99,070	48,005	51,065	40	25	20
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	135	80	55	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	160	95	60	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	0	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	65	35	30	500	260	245	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	130	110
Under 5 years	0	0	0	45	35	15	52,990	26,810	26,180	35	15	25
5 to 14 years	10	0	0	65	35	25	103,285	51,965	51,320	45	20	25
15 to 24 years	20	10	10	55	25	30	118,475	53,035	65,440	35	25	10
25 to 44 years	20	15	10	295	145	155	326,320	158,620	167,700	110	70	40
45 years and over	10	0	10	40	15	20	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	65	35	30	500	260	245	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	130	110
Americas	35	25	15	65	30	40	137,955	63,465	74,485	55	30	25
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	35	10	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	10	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	15	15	0
Europe	15	10	10	220	120	100	158,795	76,610	82,190	30	20	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	10	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	15	15	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	40	20	25	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	20	0	15	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	50	40	15	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	80	45	35	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	10	0	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	65	45	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	30	20	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	10	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	205	105	100	202,715	95,775	106,935	85	40	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	120	65	60	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	20	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	45	20	25
Turkey	0	0	0	15	10	10	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	25	10	10	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	20	10	10	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	135	80	55	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	55	45	10	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	30	15	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	80	40	40	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	65	30	35	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	350	185	165	930	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	765	350	415
First generation¹⁰⁰	60	30	30	670	360	310	813,905	400,325	413,580	300	140	165
Second generation¹⁰¹	20	15	10	145	85	60	424,225	212,755	211,475	255	125	135
Third generation or more¹⁰²	265	135	130	115	35	80	721,230	352,590	368,630	210	90	120
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	30	30	470	250	215	544,455	263,425	281,040	190	100	90
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	45	25	15	390	215	170	303,105	155,090	148,020	105	65	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	30	15	15	180	95	85	151,015	87,200	63,815	50	35	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	15	0	200	115	85	152,090	67,890	84,205	55	35	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	0	35	0	30	146,645	59,645	87,000	55	15	40
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	45	30	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	35	15	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	30	30	470	250	215	544,455	263,425	281,040	190	100	90
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	40	30	10	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	35	20	15	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	15	10	10	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	40	25	20	370	195	175	387,815	184,015	203,795	170	85	80
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	350	185	165	930	475	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	765	350	415
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	50	25	20	490	245	245	737,510	363,785	373,725	280	130	145
South Asian	0	0	0	20	10	10	91,370	48,660	42,710	25	10	25
Chinese	0	0	0	30	20	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	25	15	10	40	10	35	208,805	101,125	107,680	60	20	40
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	20	0	10	151,890	79,375	72,515	105	60	40
Latin American	20	10	10	35	15	25	82,550	40,580	41,970	35	15	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	230	130	95	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	15	0	10	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	35	30	10	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	40	15	25	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	300	160	145	435	225	205	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	485	220	265
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	350	185	170	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	765	345	415
Canadian	70	35	35	30	20	10	241,015	115,880	125,135	100	40	60
English	0	0	0	20	0	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	25	20	10	40	20	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	0	0	0	15	0	10	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	120	75	50	40	20	25	336,880	169,710	167,170	80	45	30
German	0	0	0	20	10	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	20	0	15
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10	30	15	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	65	40	25
Indian (India)	0	0	0	25	0	25	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	35	20	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	50	20	30	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	25	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	10	0	10	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	40	10	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20	0	15	35	15	20	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	30	15	15	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	10	25	15	10	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	20	0	15	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	50	30	20	35,975	17,775	18,200	15	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	25	0	25	35,410	17,485	17,930	15	0	15
Jewish	0	0	0	15	0	15	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	45	25	20
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	33,345	16,475	16,865	75	40	45
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	40	10	25	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	45	25	25
Iranian	0	0	0	200	115	85	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	15	0	10	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	10	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	20	0	10	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	50	30	25
Guyanese	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	55	35	15	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	45	30	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	40	20	20
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	15	15	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	20	10	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	60	30	30	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	10	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	350	185	165	930	480	450	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	765	350	420
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	10	10	0
Christian	190	100	95	395	180	215	969,945	451,410	518,540	570	260	315
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	20	15	105	50	55	116,635	55,545	61,090	40	20	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	155	75	80	95	40	55	675,695	314,690	361,010	385	185	200
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	170	85	85	68,635	32,680	35,950	130	60	75
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	10	0	10
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	10	0	10	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	10	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	180	105	70	233,440	121,145	112,290	145	75	70
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	150	80	70	340	180	160	590,140	310,985	279,165	25	10	15
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	340	185	160	925	475	450	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	755	340	415
Non-movers	310	160	155	770	370	395	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	640	285	355
Movers	30	25	10	155	100	50	255,365	129,500	125,865	115	55	60
Non-migrants	25	25	0	90	55	40	186,805	94,745	92,055	105	50	55
Migrants	0	0	0	60	45	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	15	15	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	15	15	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	50	35	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	335	185	150	855	440	415	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	735	330	410
Non-movers	225	120	100	365	170	200	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	470	205	265
Movers	110	60	50	490	270	220	821,475	413,250	408,230	270	125	145
Non-migrants	75	45	30	175	90	75	433,700	216,030	217,670	180	95	90
Migrants	35	20	15	320	180	140	387,770	197,215	190,560	85	30	55
Internal migrants	30	15	10	85	45	40	190,035	93,955	96,075	55	25	35
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	10	70	35	35	159,710	78,770	80,940	55	25	30
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	15	0	10	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	0	235	135	95	197,735	103,260	94,485	30	0	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	185	150	775	370	395	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	35	30	70	35	30	274,820	136,500	138,320	135	70	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	265	145	125	700	340	365	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	510	220	290
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	195	120	75	550	265	285	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	185	175
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	10	0	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	45	25	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	180	105	70	540	255	285	975,700	481,690	494,005	310	155	160
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	180	150	770	375	395	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	30	20	70	40	35	247,460	120,840	126,625	130	65	65
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	35	20	170	95	80	319,755	162,520	157,240	115	40	80
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	225	115	105	530	245	285	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	405	190	210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	120	70	55	160	75	85	473,060	232,855	240,210	165	100	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	30	20	15	15	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	60	30	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	20	10	15	15	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	40	15	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	10	0	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	35	30	110	50	60	260,845	122,345	138,495	85	50	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	35	15	20	66,045	28,760	37,285	25	20	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	50	50	370	165	200	609,855	291,355	318,505	240	85	150
Bachelor's degree	85	35	50	180	75	110	344,605	160,320	184,285	140	40	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	25	0	20	58,945	27,280	31,665	40	15	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	10	16,885	8,385	8,500	10	0	0
Master's degree	15	10	0	115	65	45	159,510	78,325	81,190	45	25	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	35	20	15	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	190	115	75	550	260	290	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	180	180
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	10	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	40	20	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	15	10	90	55	40	162,205	88,420	73,785	35	15	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	100	60	450	205	245	831,975	403,420	428,555	285	145	135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	50	25	125	60	65	333,160	167,260	165,895	110	75	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	20	10	10	10	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	55	25	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	15	10	10	10	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	40	10	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	25	15	80	35	45	174,185	84,745	89,445	35	25	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	0	30	10	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	25	25	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	80	45	40	325	150	180	498,815	236,155	262,665	175	75	95
Bachelor's degree	70	40	30	165	65	95	276,640	128,890	147,745	85	25	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	25	0	25	48,390	21,995	26,395	30	15	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	15	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	95	60	35	137,150	66,720	70,430	50	30	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	30	15	15	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	330	180	155	770	375	400	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	650	290	355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110	65	40	240	125	115	567,220	283,355	283,860	245	100	145
Education	30	10	25	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	45	0	35
13. Education	30	10	25	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	45	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	30	10	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	30	10	15	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	10	10
Humanities	20	0	15	65	15	45	78,920	30,815	48,110	35	15	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	20	0	20	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	20	10	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	15	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	10	50	0	45	157,220	58,185	99,040	50	25	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	10	0	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	20	0	20	59,300	29,185	30,110	20	10	0
Business, management and public administration	80	45	35	120	50	70	248,895	110,950	137,945	75	40	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	45	30	120	50	70	237,125	108,040	129,090	65	40	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	35	10	20	57,445	29,770	27,670	30	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	20	10	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	20	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	50	40	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	35	35	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	115	95	25	173,380	143,615	29,765	65	50	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	15	0	10
14. Engineering	0	0	0	90	75	20	78,800	61,515	17,290	25	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	0	45	10	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	55	15	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	35	10	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	50	15	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	10	10	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	15	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	195	120	75	550	260	290	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	185	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	20	15	100	55	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	75	35	40
Education	15	0	15	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	30	10	20	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	30	10	20	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	10	0
Humanities	10	0	10	45	15	30	52,565	20,765	31,805	15	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	0	15	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	20	10	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	10	35	0	35	121,985	44,105	77,880	50	25	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	15	0	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	0	0
Business, management and public administration	60	45	15	120	50	70	199,525	87,920	111,600	60	25	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	45	15	120	50	70	190,410	85,600	104,810	50	25	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	20	10	15	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	20	10	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	35	35	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	30	30	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10	10	0	110	85	20	137,395	112,025	25,370	60	40	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	15	0	10
14. Engineering	0	0	0	85	70	20	66,210	51,090	15,115	25	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	10	10	0	16,030	15,195	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	0	0	0	30	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	40	15	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	30	0	30	82,410	18,370	64,045	40	15	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	195	120	75	550	260	290	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	185	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	100	55	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	75	35	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	95	65	450	205	245	831,975	403,415	428,560	280	150	140
Location of study inside Canada	145	90	55	185	75	105	598,455	286,340	312,115	225	100	125
Same as province or territory of residence	140	90	55	175	70	100	566,540	270,160	296,380	220	105	120
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15	0	10	265	130	135	233,520	117,075	116,445	55	45	15
Americas	0	0	0	30	10	25	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	95	50	40	74,705	39,515	35,190	15	15	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	10	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	15	0	10	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	15	10	10	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	20	10	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	140	70	70	65,125	28,945	36,180	15	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	115	60	55	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	330	180	150	770	375	395	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	645	290	355
In the labour force	195	125	70	515	265	250	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	410	190	220
Employed	180	120	60	445	230	215	971,245	502,885	468,360	355	170	180
Unemployed	15	0	10	70	35	40	110,395	58,460	51,935	55	15	35
Not in the labour force	135	55	80	255	110	145	568,495	246,215	322,280	240	100	135
Participation rate	59.1	69.4	46.7	66.9	70.7	63.3	65.5	69.5	61.8	63.6	65.5	62.0
Employment rate	54.5	66.7	40.0	57.8	61.3	54.4	58.9	62.3	55.6	55.0	58.6	50.7
Unemployment rate	7.7	0.0	14.3	13.6	13.2	16.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	13.4	7.9	15.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	330	180	155	770	375	400	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	650	290	355
Did not work¹⁸⁶	145	55	90	295	125	165	582,470	253,075	329,400	230	85	145
Worked	185	125	60	475	245	230	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	415	205	210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	110	65	40	205	115	95	529,400	287,950	241,450	165	95	75
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	75	55	20	270	130	135	538,265	266,540	271,725	240	110	130
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.0	42.8	47.0	35.9	37.6	34.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	36.5	35.8	37.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	195	125	75	515	265	255	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	405	190	215
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	0	10	40	10	20	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	180	125	60	480	250	230	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	395	180	215
Employee	170	115	55	390	190	200	907,745	457,830	449,915	320	125	190
Permanent position	155	105	50	245	135	115	741,830	380,445	361,385	270	120	150
Temporary position	15	10	0	145	60	85	165,915	77,385	88,530	45	0	45
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	0	50	30	25	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	0	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	95	30	65	96,225	46,100	50,120	25	0	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	10	10	0	85	60	30	142,380	88,145	54,230	80	55	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	195	125	75	515	265	255	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	405	190	215
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	0	10	40	10	20	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	180	125	60	480	250	230	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	395	180	215
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	40	30	125	45	80	207,660	79,975	127,685	80	35	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	75	55	15	114,775	85,780	28,990	30	15	20
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	30	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	35	10	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	20	15	10	0	140,500	46,385	94,115	45	15	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	0	35	15	20	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	15	15	0	135	55	80	263,055	135,300	127,750	110	25	85
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	30	0	45	45	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	60	55	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	15	10	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	20	20	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	195	125	75	515	265	255	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	405	190	215
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	0	10	40	10	20	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	180	125	60	480	250	230	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	395	180	215
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	10	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	0	0	30	25	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	25	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	30	20	10
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	25	10	15	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	0	0	0	60	25	35	111,555	56,180	55,375	75	10	60
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	35	30	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	40	25	15
51 Information and cultural industries	20	10	0	45	30	20	43,110	26,250	16,865	20	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	25	20	0	45	30	20	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	30	25	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	15	10	50	30	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	30	15	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	0	10
61 Educational services	25	10	15	25	15	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	10	0	10	40	0	35	142,545	36,095	106,450	50	10	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	35	20	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	20	0
91 Public administration	35	30	0	30	0	25	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	195	130	65	545	270	270	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	455	210	245
English	0	0	0	170	110	60	201,310	110,165	91,150	40	15	30
French	105	65	45	95	35	60	416,430	206,170	210,265	165	80	85
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	75	55	20	190	90	105	473,485	249,700	223,785	225	105	125
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60	30	40	28,645	14,450	14,195	25	20	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	195	130	65	545	270	270	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	455	210	245
Single responses	175	110	65	410	210	205	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	390	180	210
Official languages	175	110	65	400	200	200	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	390	180	210
English	20	20	0	235	125	110	361,715	194,885	166,835	85	30	55
French	150	85	65	170	75	95	645,885	327,180	318,705	305	150	160
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	20	0	130	60	70	126,180	65,940	60,240	65	25	35
English and French	15	15	0	95	40	55	116,535	60,925	55,605	55	20	30
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	20	10	3,555	1,810	1,750	15	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	195	130	65	545	270	270	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	455	210	245
None	135	90	45	380	200	180	743,180	381,875	361,305	255	110	145
English	40	25	20	60	35	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	135	65	70
French	15	15	0	50	10	40	149,470	78,495	70,975	45	20	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	35	20	15	16,645	8,685	7,960	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	35	20	15	16,555	8,655	7,900	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	185	125	60	445	230	215	971,245	502,885	468,360	355	175	180
Worked at home	85	55	30	120	60	65	298,820	151,335	147,485	50	20	30
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	0	0	0	65	45	20	89,120	62,795	26,325	55	35	20
Usual place of work	95	65	35	255	130	130	580,035	286,695	293,340	250	120	130
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	95	60	30	260	130	130	580,035	286,695	293,340	250	120	130
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	85	55	30	245	115	125	427,475	202,010	225,465	185	100	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	15	10	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	20	0	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	10	0	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	45	15	30
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	100	65	30	320	170	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	300	150	150
Car, truck or van	55	45	15	185	110	80	395,615	229,315	166,300	260	145	115
Car, truck or van - as a driver	55	45	15	155	105	50	365,770	218,475	147,295	235	135	100
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	35	0	30	29,845	10,845	19,005	25	10	15
Public transit	35	30	10	65	30	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	40	0	35
Walked	0	0	0	55	20	30	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	100	65	30	320	170	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	300	150	150
Less than 15 minutes	10	10	0	60	25	35	125,240	61,185	64,055	55	30	25
15 to 29 minutes	30	20	10	100	45	50	241,005	129,590	111,420	110	65	50
30 to 44 minutes	35	20	10	120	85	35	176,925	96,710	80,215	80	40	45
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	35	20	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	35	10	25
60 minutes and over	20	15	0	15	0	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	20	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	100	65	30	320	170	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	300	150	150
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	20	0	20	15	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	30	10	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25	10	15	95	60	35	166,695	79,410	87,280	70	30	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10	10	0	75	45	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	60	35	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	0	65	30	35	106,855	50,615	56,240	65	40	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10	10	0	65	30	30	112,350	65,830	46,520	65	25	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	35	20	15	170	90	80	371,310	189,920	181,390	145	65	80
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	0	35	20	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	40	15	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	130	70	60	262,245	133,605	128,640	105	50	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15	10	5	115	65	55	264,905	135,505	129,395	100	45	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	25	10	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	35	15	25
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	25	10	10	67,535	34,945	32,590	25	5	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	10	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	95	50	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	35	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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