Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660082More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663216More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	676	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	782	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	340	...	...	976,966	...	...	450	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	319	...	...	910,359	...	...	427	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,546.1	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	1,389.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.56	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	675	355	315	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	785	385	395
0 to 14 years	105	65	45	309,765	158,545	151,225	105	55	45
0 to 4 years	40	25	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	45	25	15
5 to 9 years	35	20	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	15	15
10 to 14 years	30	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	35	15	20
15 to 64 years	480	255	225	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	570	275	290
15 to 19 years	30	20	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	35	10	25
20 to 24 years	25	10	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	65	25	40
25 to 29 years	45	25	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	90	40	55
30 to 34 years	55	35	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	70	40	35
35 to 39 years	45	30	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	60	35	30
40 to 44 years	55	25	30	142,365	70,920	71,445	65	45	20
45 to 49 years	50	25	25	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	15	25
50 to 54 years	50	25	25	121,710	61,735	59,975	45	20	25
55 to 59 years	55	25	30	125,465	63,810	61,655	45	20	20
60 to 64 years	60	30	30	118,065	57,920	60,140	45	30	20
65 years and over	90	40	50	351,325	151,210	200,120	110	50	60
65 to 69 years	45	20	25	99,325	46,730	52,595	45	20	20
70 to 74 years	15	10	5	86,030	39,185	46,845	25	15	15
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	20	15	10
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	5	10
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	10	5	10
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	18.3	14.3	15.5	16.1	14.8	13.4	14.3	11.4
15 to 64 years	71.1	71.8	71.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	72.6	71.4	73.4
65 years and over	13.3	11.3	15.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	14.0	13.0	15.2
85 years and over	0.7	0.0	1.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.9	1.3	2.5
Average age of the population	40.6	38.9	42.6	41.0	39.8	42.1	39.3	39.3	39.3
Median age of the population	42.0	38.8	44.0	39.6	38.4	40.4	37.2	38.0	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	425	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	100,615	...	...	45	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	65	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	130	...	...	479,885	...	...	380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	425	...	...
1 person	140	...	...	367,400	...	...	215	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	271,730	...	...	135	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	118,205	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	98,205	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	665	355	310	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	775	380	395
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	565	295	275	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	675	325	355
Married or living common-law	265	135	130	822,440	414,330	408,115	285	140	145
Married	135	70	65	577,060	289,455	287,600	175	85	90
Living common-law	130	60	60	245,385	124,870	120,510	115	55	60
Living common law - Never married	110	60	55	207,040	104,785	102,250	95	40	50
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	10	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	305	165	140	872,060	410,935	461,125	395	185	205
Not married and not living common law - Never married	240	150	90	627,845	333,150	294,700	305	150	155
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	25	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	15	35	126,605	46,380	80,225	50	25	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	165	...	...	495,445	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	251,075	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	93,300	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	395,645	...	...	140	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	273,070	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	162,745	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	110,325	...	...	35	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	122,570	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	44,875	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	77,700	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	99,805	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	80,530	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	670	355	310	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	775	380	400
Total - Persons in census families	470	250	215	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	470	220	250
Married spouses or common-law partners	260	130	130	791,280	398,495	392,785	270	135	140
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	20	99,805	19,275	80,525	40	5	30
Children⁶	180	110	65	541,905	284,935	256,965	160	80	80
In a two-parent family	135	80	55	392,250	205,155	187,095	115	55	60
In a one-parent family	50	35	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	50	25	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	195	100	90	526,370	262,915	263,450	310	160	150
Living alone	140	75	65	367,395	175,660	191,740	215	115	100
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	25	10	20
Living with non-relatives only	40	15	25	109,690	65,235	44,455	65	30	30
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	430	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	145	...	...	455,970	...	...	165	...	...
Couple-family households	115	...	...	370,250	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	194,165	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	176,085	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	85,720	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	55,210	...	...	40	...	...
One-person households	140	...	...	367,395	...	...	215	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	560	295	270	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	670	320	350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	285	255	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	640	310	330
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	39,600	38,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	36,000	38,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	285	255	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	640	310	330
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800	35,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	32,400	33,600	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	235	220	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	585	280	300
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	28,000	32,400	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	205	180	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	490	240	245
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	37,200	35,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	27,600	30,600	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	230	215	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	585	280	305
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,500	13,800	10,800	9,600	12,000	9,700	8,900	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	40	35	171,705	84,570	87,145	95	45	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,080	6,500	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	105	75	529,640	276,110	253,530	235	115	125
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	530	265	265	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	635	340	300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	260	260	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	605	325	275
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	42,000	42,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	47,800	48,400	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	260	260	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	605	325	275
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	36,000	36,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	40,200	41,200	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	205	220	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	555	295	260
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	39,200	33,200	48,960	57,350	40,640	41,400	41,600	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	180	190	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	475	260	215
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,800	32,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	38,000	39,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	435	220	220	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	545	295	245
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,000	12,600	15,500	12,040	10,900	13,040	10,720	11,100	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	50	45	171,360	84,435	86,925	65	40	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,000	10,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,000	7,200	3,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	110	85	528,305	276,300	252,005	195	110	85
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,800	9,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,700	10,400	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	530	265	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	630	340	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	85	85	514,340	278,505	235,830	235	150	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,000	47,600	60,000	63,600	56,000	48,000	46,800	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,200	58,000	49,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	56,800	56,000	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	80	80	504,455	247,565	256,895	195	90	110
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	22,600	12,500	16,400	17,400	15,500	15,400	14,300	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	23,000	19,500	26,920	29,400	24,520	20,800	18,400	22,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.5	74.0	69.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	80.0	79.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	65.0	59.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	62.4	66.0	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.2	25.6	31.2	18.9	14.4	24.4	20.2	20.8	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.8	3.4	4.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.3	1.9	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.4	8.6	8.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	7.3	7.9	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.6	8.0	7.4	5.7	5.4	6.0	6.4	7.0	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	560	295	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	675	325	350
Without total income	20	15	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	30	10	20
With total income	540	280	260	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	640	310	330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	65	35	30	200,450	93,060	107,390	75	30	40
$20,000 to $29,999	85	45	45	286,825	131,235	155,595	140	55	80
$30,000 to $39,999	80	40	40	215,455	102,705	112,755	115	55	55
$40,000 to $49,999	85	30	50	181,505	86,460	95,040	95	45	45
$50,000 to $59,999	65	35	25	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	30	25
$60,000 to $69,999	45	30	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	50	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	5	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	149,555	92,680	56,875	30	10	10
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	90,980	53,275	37,705	20	10	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	560	295	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	675	325	350
Without after-tax income	20	15	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	30	10	20
With after-tax income	540	280	260	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	640	310	330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	85	35	45
$20,000 to $29,999	105	55	55	334,395	155,845	178,545	165	75	90
$30,000 to $39,999	105	50	55	257,145	124,835	132,315	145	70	70
$40,000 to $49,999	100	55	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	80	40	45
$50,000 to $59,999	55	35	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	55	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	93,705	46,700	47,005	25	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	10	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	560	295	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	675	325	350
Without employment income	175	90	85	495,060	212,405	282,660	185	80	105
With employment income	385	205	180	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	485	245	245
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	25	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	65	35	30
$5,000 to $9,999	30	10	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	55	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	25	151,350	72,815	78,530	80	30	50
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	20	116,030	56,295	59,730	60	30	35
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	65	40	30
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	104,250	51,950	52,300	50	30	20
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	15	66,190	35,045	31,145	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	0	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	20	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	560	295	270	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	670	320	350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	275	255	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	625	295	330
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	33,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	30,000	33,600	27,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	275	255	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	625	295	330
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,000	31,000	31,000	32,800	29,400	28,400	30,200	25,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	230	220	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	575	275	290
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	29,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	26,800	31,000	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	195	180	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	470	230	235
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,400	33,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	27,000	30,800	23,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	215	215	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	530	250	280
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,520	8,400	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,780	2,180	3,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	60	30	25	114,940	56,080	58,855	50	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	4,200	4,480	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,840	5,240	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	530	265	265	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	635	340	300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	250	265	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	590	325	270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,400	36,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	42,400	44,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	250	265	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	600	325	270
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,500	31,600	31,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	35,800	37,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	430	200	230	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	545	295	250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	38,000	33,200	49,080	57,750	40,560	39,600	42,000	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	175	190	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	440	245	195
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	33,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	40,400	42,000	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	195	210	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	500	290	215
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	7,800	9,000	8,250	6,740	9,510	6,840	6,320	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60	30	30	114,595	55,675	58,915	50	40	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,200	4,800	3,600	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,600	5,200	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	530	265	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	630	340	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	85	85	507,645	274,575	233,070	230	150	80
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,800	39,200	42,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	44,800	43,200	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	47,600	50,000	46,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	54,400	54,000	55,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	60	75	462,020	227,495	234,530	175	75	95
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	37,200	21,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	27,600	30,800	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	33,000	23,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	27,800	26,000	29,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	84.0	80.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	86.0	88.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	69.5	72.0	67.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	71.0	71.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	18.4	16.8	20.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	13.7	12.6	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.5	1.5	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	425	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	58,000	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	140	...	...	367,395	...	...	215	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	30,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	542,960	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	92,700	...	...	70,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,200	...	...	74,100	...	...	59,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	367,255	...	...	205	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	48,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	543,100	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	425	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	25,730	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	41,160	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,055	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	270,265	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	85,635	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	425	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	27,485	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	49,660	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	50,890	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	85,490	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	197,490	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	78,870	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	160	...	...	501,830	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	179,195	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	208,260	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	95,875	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	65,500	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	59,600	...	...	50,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	180	95	85	477,085	240,895	236,195	280	150	130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600	32,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	30,400	31,000	29,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	30,800	30,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	27,800	28,600	26,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	501,905	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	179,455	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	208,375	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	95,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	195	95	95	476,520	240,280	236,245	260	165	95
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,000	36,500	45,520	46,520	44,560	42,800	39,600	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,000	32,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	35,600	34,800	37,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	665	355	315	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	775	380	395
0 to 17 years	130	80	55	365,020	186,710	178,315	120	65	60
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	50	30	20
18 to 64 years	450	240	210	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	550	270	280
65 years and over	85	35	45	317,425	140,270	177,155	105	50	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	60	45	321,885	154,370	167,510	165	85	80
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	75	40	35	197,020	99,310	97,710	120	65	50
65 years and over	20	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	17.5	14.8	16.4	16.0	16.9	21.2	22.0	20.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	14.0	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	17.0	16.0	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	20.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	10.0	12.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.5	17.5	15.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	21.2	24.0	18.0
65 years and over (%)	24.0	25.0	24.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	26.0	20.0	32.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	670	355	310	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	780	380	400
0 to 17 years	130	80	50	365,025	186,705	178,315	120	60	55
0 to 5 years	55	35	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	50	30	20
18 to 64 years	455	240	215	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	550	270	280
65 years and over	80	40	45	317,425	140,265	177,155	110	50	60
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	65	40	25	213,720	108,905	104,815	125	65	65
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	153,385	81,765	71,620	105	55	45
65 years and over	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.0	11.0	8.5	10.9	11.3	10.6	16.4	16.5	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	12.0	8.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	14.0	11.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	18.8	21.0	17.5
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	8.0	x	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	665	355	315	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	775	380	395
In bottom half of the distribution	460	250	210	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	570	290	285
In bottom decile	95	55	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	160	75	85
In second decile	85	45	40	244,435	115,985	128,450	115	60	60
In third decile	85	40	45	240,895	116,550	124,345	120	65	55
In fourth decile	85	50	40	218,125	105,885	112,240	100	50	50
In fifth decile	105	60	50	194,765	95,185	99,580	75	35	40
In top half of the distribution	210	105	100	762,590	384,140	378,450	205	95	110
In sixth decile	70	40	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	65	30	35
In seventh decile	55	25	30	156,540	78,290	78,250	50	25	25
In eighth decile	40	25	20	144,120	72,600	71,525	25	10	15
In ninth decile	30	15	20	134,265	68,285	65,980	40	15	25
In top decile	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	20	10	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	670	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	780	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.486	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.239	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.301	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	670	355	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	780	380	400
English only	10	5	5	262,290	133,690	128,600	30	15	20
French only	355	180	180	486,845	221,005	265,840	355	180	175
English and French	300	170	125	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	380	180	200
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	5	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	670	355	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	780	380	400
English	35	10	20	605,220	303,380	301,835	65	25	40
French	610	325	285	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	655	325	330
English and French	25	15	5	173,785	88,480	85,300	45	20	25
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	670	355	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	780	380	400
Single responses	640	335	305	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	715	350	365
Official languages	555	290	265	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	490	240	250
English	15	5	10	322,315	162,085	160,230	30	15	25
French	540	285	255	870,975	428,435	442,540	455	230	230
Non-official languages	85	40	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	225	110	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	225	110	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	129,195	68,395	60,805	105	60	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	25	20	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	25	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	80	45	35
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	80	45	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	20	10	15
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	15	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	20	15	329,415	158,980	170,435	75	30	50
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	5	183,755	87,295	96,460	65	30	40
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	5	0	5
Spanish	10	10	5	85,395	41,150	44,250	60	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	0	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	143,450	71,980	71,470	60	30	30
English and French	10	10	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	670	355	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	780	380	400
English	10	5	5	340,470	170,050	170,425	25	10	15
French	520	270	245	779,125	383,000	396,125	450	225	220
Non-official language	20	10	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	70	30	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	70	30	40
English and French	40	20	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	55	25	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	180,900	85,935	94,965	125	65	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	154,470	76,450	78,020	35	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	670	355	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	780	380	400
Single responses	640	335	305	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	700	340	360
Official languages	590	305	280	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	580	285	295
English	15	10	10	479,850	239,270	240,580	40	15	25
French	570	300	270	956,130	471,155	484,975	540	270	270
Non-official languages	50	30	20	370,290	177,955	192,335	125	55	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	30	20	370,125	177,895	192,235	125	55	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	40	25	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	10	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	10	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	5	188,550	90,370	98,185	55	20	35
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	5	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	95,835	44,515	51,315	55	20	30
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	45	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	0	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	173,745	85,640	88,110	75	35	40
English and French	10	10	0	53,305	27,065	26,240	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	40	25	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	670	355	310	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	775	380	395
None	575	305	265	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	605	300	305
English	30	20	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	20	20
French	15	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	45	20	20
Non-official language	35	15	20	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	30	35
English and French	5	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	615	325	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	750	410	335
Official languages	615	325	285	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	740	400	335
English	275	140	135	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	385	200	185
French	590	320	275	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	705	400	315
Non-official languages	105	50	55	971,455	471,755	499,700	290	165	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	50	55	970,710	471,495	499,220	290	165	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	120	70	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	50	35	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	50	35	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	75	45	30
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	75	45	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	25	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	50	35	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	50	35	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	10	25	514,485	250,190	264,295	100	50	55
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	10	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	10	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	324,695	154,360	170,340	85	45	40
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10	193,835	91,345	102,490	70	45	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	33,295	16,860	16,435	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	10	0	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	615	325	290	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	745	415	335
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	10	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	10	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	10	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	600	315	285	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	740	410	330
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	615	325	290	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	745	415	335
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	610	325	285	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	745	410	335
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	360,125	...	...	85	...	...
Renter	200	...	...	550,240	...	...	330	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	270	...	...	717,375	...	...	405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	19,730	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	95	...	...	267,715	...	...	180	...	...
2 bedrooms	130	...	...	303,875	...	...	130	...	...
3 bedrooms	65	...	...	220,945	...	...	55	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	98,090	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	175	...	...	501,570	...	...	295	...	...
5 rooms	75	...	...	166,230	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	105,210	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
One person or fewer per room	320	...	...	881,730	...	...	400	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
Suitable	310	...	...	834,885	...	...	375	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
1960 or before	145	...	...	325,005	...	...	115	...	...
1961 to 1980	65	...	...	282,605	...	...	200	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	101,185	...	...	30	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	63,765	...	...	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	35	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	295	...	...	833,540	...	...	365	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	76,815	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
One-maintainer household	205	...	...	543,605	...	...	260	...	...
Two-maintainer household	100	...	...	333,140	...	...	140	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	25	...	...
25 to 34 years	60	...	...	162,375	...	...	100	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	171,535	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	155,520	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	70	...	...	156,865	...	...	65	...	...
65 to 74 years	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	70,345	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	320	...	...	902,485	...	...	405	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	686,075	...	...	320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80	...	...	216,410	...	...	80	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	189,795	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	330,635	...	...	145	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	75	...	...	186,350	...	...	70	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	210	...	...	579,720	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	310	...	...	875,865	...	...	395	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	45	...	...
Not in core need	275	...	...	787,925	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	360,120	...	...	80	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	56.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.2	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	410,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	560,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	200	...	...	550,235	...	...	325	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	7.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	24.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...	890	...	...	790	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	760	...	...	987	...	...	780	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	615	325	285	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	745	415	335
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	10	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	10	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	10	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	25	15	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	25	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	15	15	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	590	310	280	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	725	395	335
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	615	330	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	750	410	335
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	570	305	265	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	545	320	225
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	70	20	322,965	164,980	157,985	90	55	35
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	480	235	240	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	455	260	190
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	45	20	25	313,410	160,530	152,885	200	95	110
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	615	330	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	750	410	335
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	495	270	230	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	460	260	195
Immigrants⁸¹	105	55	50	652,730	313,955	338,770	185	105	75
Before 1980	15	0	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	20	0	10
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	30	10	20
2001 to 2010	35	15	15	154,780	74,520	80,255	30	30	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	45	20	25	213,175	104,225	108,950	110	60	45
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	35	30	15
2016 to 2021	35	15	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	70	35	40
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	110	45	60
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	105	55	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	180	105	80
Under 5 years	15	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	15	10	10
5 to 14 years	20	10	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	30	0	25
15 to 24 years	20	15	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	25	25	0
25 to 44 years	40	20	25	326,320	158,620	167,700	105	60	45
45 years and over	10	0	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	105	55	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	180	105	80
Americas	0	0	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	60	45	20
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	35	25	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	10	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	158,795	76,610	82,190	15	0	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	65	40	25	152,205	77,515	74,690	85	55	30
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	30	15	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	15	47,960	24,705	23,260	45	20	20
Asia	25	10	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	25	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	20	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	15	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	70	35	35
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	40	15	20	36,195	17,970	18,225	50	30	25
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	15	0	10
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	15	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	615	325	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	750	415	330
First generation¹⁰⁰	120	60	60	813,905	400,325	413,580	295	155	140
Second generation¹⁰¹	55	25	25	424,225	212,755	211,475	85	60	25
Third generation or more¹⁰²	440	240	200	721,230	352,590	368,630	370	200	170
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	95	45	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	185	105	75
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20	15	10	303,105	155,090	148,020	80	65	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	0	10	151,015	87,200	63,815	60	50	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	15	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	25	15	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	20	25	146,645	59,645	87,000	50	15	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	50	25	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	95	45	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	185	105	75
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	20	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	10	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	25	25	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	35	45	387,815	184,015	203,795	130	70	60
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	615	325	290	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	745	415	335
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	125	65	65	737,510	363,785	373,725	245	130	115
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	10	0	10
Chinese	15	0	15	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	80	40	40	208,805	101,125	107,680	125	75	50
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	10	10	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	35	20	25
Latin American	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	35	20	10
Southeast Asian	15	10	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	30	15	15
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	15	10	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	485	260	230	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	500	285	215
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	615	330	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	750	410	335
Canadian	135	60	75	241,015	115,880	125,135	75	45	20
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	20	10	10	102,325	48,885	53,440	20	0	10
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	95	50	45	336,880	169,710	167,170	220	105	110
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	10	0	0
Chinese	15	0	15	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	35	10	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	30	20	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	10	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	100	65	35	108,910	54,650	54,260	55	35	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	80	45	35	66,400	31,740	34,655	15	10	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	20	15	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	10	10	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	10	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	20	10	15
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	20	10	10
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	10	10	35,410	17,485	17,930	25	10	15
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	25	10	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	30	20	15
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	15	10	10	82,590	38,735	43,855	50	35	15
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	20	15	10
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	50	35	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	10	0	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	15	15	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	40	35	10
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	20	0	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	20	15	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	615	325	290	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	745	415	335
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	15	0	10
Christian	405	195	210	969,945	451,410	518,540	355	190	170
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	65	20	35	116,635	55,545	61,090	25	20	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	325	165	165	675,695	314,690	361,010	285	160	125
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	10	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	25	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	105	75	35
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	195	120	70	590,140	310,985	279,165	260	145	115
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	610	325	285	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	745	410	335
Non-movers	505	275	230	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	620	350	270
Movers	105	50	55	255,365	129,500	125,865	125	65	60
Non-migrants	95	50	45	186,805	94,745	92,055	100	60	40
Migrants	15	0	15	68,560	34,750	33,810	25	0	20
Internal migrants	15	0	15	37,680	18,795	18,885	15	0	15
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	10	0	10
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	10	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	570	300	275	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	715	385	325
Non-movers	295	165	135	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	335	205	130
Movers	275	135	140	821,475	413,250	408,230	375	180	195
Non-migrants	205	110	95	433,700	216,030	217,670	185	105	80
Migrants	75	25	50	387,770	197,215	190,560	190	80	110
Internal migrants	30	10	20	190,035	93,955	96,075	55	25	35
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	15	159,710	78,770	80,940	50	25	30
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	45	15	30	197,735	103,260	94,485	140	55	85
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	530	265	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	630	340	295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	135	95	45	274,820	136,500	138,320	90	50	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	400	175	225	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	545	285	255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	200	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	230	200
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	70	30	121,295	65,950	55,345	50	25	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	305	135	175	975,700	481,690	494,005	380	205	175
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	535	265	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	340	295
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	80	40	247,460	120,840	126,625	70	45	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	30	60	319,755	162,520	157,240	120	50	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	315	150	165	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	440	245	195
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	95	90	473,060	232,855	240,210	230	140	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	55	30	146,170	81,740	64,425	40	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	20	20	106,110	54,025	52,085	35	20	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	30	15	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	30	35	260,845	122,345	138,495	155	95	65
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	10	20	66,045	28,760	37,285	30	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	55	75	609,855	291,355	318,505	210	105	105
Bachelor's degree	80	35	45	344,605	160,320	184,285	115	40	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	10	15	58,945	27,280	31,665	35	25	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	10	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	50	30	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	15	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	200	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	230	200
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	60	30	102,815	55,805	47,015	35	15	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	25	45	162,205	88,420	73,785	60	30	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	250	120	135	831,975	403,420	428,555	330	185	145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	75	75	333,160	167,260	165,895	135	85	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	45	35	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	15	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	25	20	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	40	25	15	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	20	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	100	65	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	40	55	498,815	236,155	262,665	195	95	100
Bachelor's degree	55	25	25	276,640	128,890	147,745	110	30	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	10	20	48,390	21,995	26,395	30	30	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	40	25	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	10	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	535	270	270	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	635	335	295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	220	115	100	567,220	283,355	283,860	195	90	100
Education	20	15	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	15	0	10
13. Education	20	15	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	10	0	10
Humanities	15	10	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	15	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	20	20	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	20	15	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	80	30	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	125	65	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	30	35	237,125	108,040	129,090	125	65	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	40	20	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	15	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	20	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	35	15	173,380	143,615	29,765	70	70	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	15	15	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	10	10	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	15	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	75	30	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	15	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	75	25	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	15	25	42,230	22,590	19,640	25	25	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	0	25	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	15	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	400	200	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	230	200
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	85	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	100	45	55
Education	15	10	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	15	10	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	0	10
Humanities	10	10	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	15	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	20	15	121,985	44,105	77,880	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	15	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	70	25	40	199,525	87,920	111,600	85	50	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	85	45	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	20	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	53,860	38,275	15,590	15	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	15	10	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	30	15	137,395	112,025	25,370	55	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	10	10	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	10	10	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,455	7,805	650	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	20	92,595	23,265	69,330	65	25	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	60	25	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	10	20	32,910	17,695	15,220	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	20	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	400	200	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	230	200
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	150	85	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	100	45	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	245	115	130	831,975	403,415	428,560	330	180	150
Location of study inside Canada	205	105	105	598,455	286,340	312,115	225	140	85
Same as province or territory of residence	205	105	105	566,540	270,160	296,380	225	140	85
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	10	30	233,520	117,075	116,445	110	45	60
Americas	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	35	15	15
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	15	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	15	74,705	39,515	35,190	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	40	20	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	15	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	15	10	0
Asia	10	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	535	265	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	340	295
In the labour force	345	170	175	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	435	235	205
Employed	310	145	165	971,245	502,885	468,360	415	225	195
Unemployed	35	20	15	110,395	58,460	51,935	20	10	0
Not in the labour force	190	95	90	568,495	246,215	322,280	200	100	95
Participation rate	64.5	64.2	66.0	65.5	69.5	61.8	68.5	69.1	69.5
Employment rate	57.9	54.7	62.3	58.9	62.3	55.6	65.4	66.2	66.1
Unemployment rate	10.1	11.8	8.6	10.2	10.4	10.0	4.6	4.3	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	535	270	265	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	635	335	295
Did not work¹⁸⁶	185	95	95	582,470	253,075	329,400	180	95	85
Worked	345	175	175	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	450	240	210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	175	90	90	529,400	287,950	241,450	235	150	85
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	170	80	85	538,265	266,540	271,725	215	95	125
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.1	39.4	38.6	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.0	39.8	38.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	345	170	175	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	435	235	200
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	345	165	175	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	430	230	200
Employee	315	155	160	907,745	457,830	449,915	375	200	180
Permanent position	265	120	145	741,830	380,445	361,385	320	170	150
Temporary position	45	30	20	165,915	77,385	88,530	60	35	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	20	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	30	20	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	35	10	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	15	15	142,380	88,145	54,230	45	25	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	345	170	175	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	435	235	200
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	345	165	175	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	430	230	200
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	25	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	65	25	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	40	35	10
3 Health occupations	30	10	15	85,545	21,700	63,845	65	20	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	35	10	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	20	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	100	30	70	263,055	135,300	127,750	145	80	60
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	55	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	30	20	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	345	170	175	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	435	235	200
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	345	165	175	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	430	230	200
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	10	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	30	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	40	25	15	86,535	58,295	28,235	15	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	25	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	60	25	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	15	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	10	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	40	35	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	45	35	15
61 Educational services	20	10	15	95,290	34,510	60,780	30	0	25
62 Health care and social assistance	65	10	55	142,545	36,095	106,450	85	35	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	15	20	59,510	32,125	27,380	30	20	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	15	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	15	0	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	370	185	185	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	470	250	225
English	10	10	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	30	10	20
French	265	140	125	416,430	206,170	210,265	260	125	135
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	10	0	0
English and French	95	40	50	473,485	249,700	223,785	155	105	55
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	370	185	185	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	470	250	225
Single responses	360	175	185	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	425	225	200
Official languages	360	175	185	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	415	220	200
English	25	10	20	361,715	194,885	166,835	55	25	25
French	330	170	165	645,885	327,180	318,705	365	190	175
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	126,180	65,940	60,240	45	25	25
English and French	10	10	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	45	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	370	185	185	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	470	250	225
None	280	155	130	743,180	381,875	361,305	340	160	185
English	65	30	40	219,885	116,455	103,430	95	65	30
French	15	0	15	149,470	78,495	70,975	20	20	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	305	150	165	971,245	502,885	468,360	415	225	195
Worked at home	45	10	35	298,820	151,335	147,485	80	35	45
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	25	15	89,120	62,795	26,325	45	40	10
Usual place of work	225	115	105	580,035	286,695	293,340	290	150	135
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	225	115	110	580,035	286,695	293,340	290	150	135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	200	100	100	427,475	202,010	225,465	260	120	135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	10	15	58,865	35,690	23,175	30	30	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	265	140	125	669,150	349,485	319,665	340	190	145
Car, truck or van	150	95	60	395,615	229,315	166,300	145	90	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	140	90	55	365,770	218,475	147,295	125	85	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	20	10	10
Public transit	80	25	55	177,860	74,605	103,260	165	85	80
Walked	20	20	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	25	10	15
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	265	140	125	669,150	349,485	319,665	340	190	145
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	60	30	30
15 to 29 minutes	95	65	30	241,005	129,590	111,420	105	55	55
30 to 44 minutes	75	35	40	176,925	96,710	80,215	115	70	40
45 to 59 minutes	30	0	30	67,635	33,110	34,530	20	15	10
60 minutes and over	30	15	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	30	15	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	265	140	125	669,150	349,485	319,665	340	190	145
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	10	15	38,800	28,480	10,315	35	20	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	30	20	95,270	56,280	38,990	75	50	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	95	40	55	166,695	79,410	87,280	90	50	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	15	10	149,185	68,865	80,320	65	35	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	20	0	106,855	50,615	56,240	35	20	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	25	10	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	130	80	55	371,310	189,920	181,390	125	60	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	80	45	262,245	133,605	128,640	110	55	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	50	35	264,905	135,505	129,395	75	35	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	55	30	182,020	92,755	89,270	70	35	40

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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