Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Westmorland, Parish (P)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision] Remove						AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	997	...	...	...	...	...	4,262,635	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	908	...	...	...	...	...	4,067,175	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	570	...	...	...	...	...	1,772,670	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	419	...	...	...	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	173.27	...	...	...	...	...	634,658.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	995	515	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	150	80	70	15.1	15.5	14.6	809,640	415,870	393,770	19.0	19.5	18.4
0 to 4 years	35	15	20	3.5	2.9	4.2	250,250	128,560	121,690	5.9	6.0	5.7
5 to 9 years	40	25	20	4.0	4.9	4.2	278,810	142,850	135,955	6.5	6.7	6.4
10 to 14 years	75	45	35	7.5	8.7	7.3	280,585	144,460	136,120	6.6	6.8	6.4
15 to 64 years	585	305	280	58.8	59.2	58.3	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865	66.2	66.6	65.9
15 to 19 years	40	25	15	4.0	4.9	3.1	249,765	128,745	121,015	5.9	6.1	5.7
20 to 24 years	45	25	25	4.5	4.9	5.2	248,740	128,595	120,150	5.8	6.0	5.6
25 to 29 years	30	10	20	3.0	1.9	4.2	275,465	138,510	136,955	6.5	6.5	6.4
30 to 34 years	40	25	15	4.0	4.9	3.1	323,260	160,175	163,085	7.6	7.5	7.6
35 to 39 years	55	30	30	5.5	5.8	6.3	338,945	168,390	170,560	8.0	7.9	8.0
40 to 44 years	65	25	35	6.5	4.9	7.3	307,665	153,715	153,955	7.2	7.2	7.2
45 to 49 years	60	35	20	6.0	6.8	4.2	277,770	139,705	138,065	6.5	6.6	6.5
50 to 54 years	60	35	30	6.0	6.8	6.3	262,770	131,650	131,120	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	90	50	45	9.0	9.7	9.4	274,150	135,825	138,325	6.4	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	95	55	40	9.5	10.7	8.3	265,240	131,600	133,640	6.2	6.2	6.3
65 years and over	260	130	130	26.1	25.2	27.1	629,220	295,155	334,070	14.8	13.9	15.6
65 to 69 years	100	40	60	10.1	7.8	12.5	217,270	106,975	110,295	5.1	5.0	5.2
70 to 74 years	70	35	40	7.0	6.8	8.3	163,890	79,150	84,735	3.8	3.7	4.0
75 to 79 years	45	30	15	4.5	5.8	3.1	105,520	49,860	55,660	2.5	2.3	2.6
80 to 84 years	25	15	10	2.5	2.9	2.1	70,160	31,510	38,650	1.6	1.5	1.8
85 years and over	20	10	10	2.0	1.9	2.1	72,375	27,660	44,720	1.7	1.3	2.1
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	44,670	18,540	26,130	1.0	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	5	5	5	0.5	1.0	1.0	21,430	7,545	13,890	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,480	1,405	4,075	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	170	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.5	14.6	15.1	15.5	14.6	19.0	19.5	18.4	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	58.8	59.2	58.3	58.8	59.2	58.3	66.2	66.6	65.9	66.2	66.6	65.9
65 years and over	26.1	25.2	27.1	26.1	25.2	27.1	14.8	13.9	15.6	14.8	13.9	15.6
85 years and over	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	46.7	47.0	46.5	46.7	47.0	46.5	39.0	38.4	39.7	39.0	38.4	39.7
Median age of the population	51.2	51.2	51.2	51.2	51.2	51.2	38.4	37.6	38.8	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	390	...	...	92.9	...	...	994,565	...	...	60.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	98,740	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	127,735	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	43,730	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	247,030	...	...	15.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	74,880	...	...	4.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,215	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	45,325	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	100	...	...	23.8	...	...	424,055	...	...	26.0	...	...
2 persons	180	...	...	42.9	...	...	551,420	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 persons	65	...	...	15.5	...	...	249,135	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	243,400	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	165,215	...	...	10.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	985	510	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	850	440	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	555	275	280	65.3	62.5	68.3	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520	58.9	59.5	58.3
Married	455	225	225	53.5	51.1	54.9	1,703,285	852,950	850,335	49.3	49.8	48.8
Living common-law	100	50	55	11.8	11.4	13.4	330,655	165,475	165,180	9.6	9.7	9.5
Living common law - Never married	55	30	30	6.5	6.8	7.3	245,650	123,625	122,030	7.1	7.2	7.0
Living common law - Separated	15	10	5	1.8	2.3	1.2	12,835	6,745	6,090	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	30	15	15	3.5	3.4	3.7	65,955	32,580	33,375	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,210	2,520	3,690	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	295	160	130	34.7	36.4	31.7	1,419,050	693,640	725,410	41.1	40.5	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	185	105	80	21.8	23.9	19.5	969,780	535,715	434,065	28.1	31.3	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	20	10	2.4	4.5	2.4	83,350	36,440	46,910	2.4	2.1	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	25	20	5.3	5.7	4.9	214,460	87,950	126,505	6.2	5.1	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	35	15	25	4.1	3.4	6.1	151,455	33,530	117,925	4.4	2.0	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	315	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,164,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	195	...	...	61.9	...	...	565,900	...	...	48.6	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	15.9	...	...	240,980	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	14.3	...	...	238,600	...	...	20.5	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	4.8	...	...	119,170	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	315	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,164,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	270	...	...	85.7	...	...	987,465	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	220	...	...	69.8	...	...	822,175	...	...	70.6	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	23.8	...	...	464,975	...	...	39.9	...	...
Without children	145	...	...	46.0	...	...	357,200	...	...	30.7	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	17.5	...	...	165,290	...	...	14.2	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	4.8	...	...	60,705	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	9.5	...	...	104,580	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	14.3	...	...	177,190	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	7.9	...	...	135,065	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...	6.3	...	...	42,125	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	985	510	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	835	420	415	84.8	82.4	87.4	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505	82.7	82.4	83.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	540	265	275	54.8	52.0	57.9	1,974,930	986,995	987,935	47.3	47.3	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	40	15	25	4.1	2.9	5.3	177,185	42,120	135,060	4.2	2.0	6.5
Children⁶	245	135	115	24.9	26.5	24.2	1,304,525	691,020	613,500	31.2	33.1	29.4
In a two-parent family	175	85	85	17.8	16.7	17.9	1,022,235	538,215	484,020	24.5	25.8	23.2
In a one-parent family	75	45	30	7.6	8.8	6.3	282,290	152,810	129,485	6.8	7.3	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	155	95	60	15.7	18.6	12.6	721,070	368,045	353,030	17.3	17.6	16.9
Living alone	100	60	40	10.2	11.8	8.4	424,055	207,075	216,980	10.2	9.9	10.4
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	108,100	49,205	58,900	2.6	2.4	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	40	25	15	4.1	4.9	3.2	188,915	111,760	77,155	4.5	5.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	275	...	...	65.5	...	...	1,008,210	...	...	61.7	...	...
Couple-family households	245	...	...	58.3	...	...	876,085	...	...	53.6	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...	21.4	...	...	465,405	...	...	28.5	...	...
Without children	155	...	...	36.9	...	...	410,680	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	7.1	...	...	132,125	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	47,450	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	60,780	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	82,150	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	100	...	...	23.8	...	...	424,055	...	...	26.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	840	430	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	810	415	390	96.4	96.5	95.1	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420	95.2	95.3	95.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,600	32,800	35,200	37,600	32,800	44,800	53,200	38,400	44,800	53,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	810	415	390	96.4	96.5	95.1	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250	95.3	95.4	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	34,000	31,000	31,600	34,000	31,000	40,400	46,800	35,200	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	690	360	340	82.1	83.7	82.9	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140	85.9	87.8	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	28,800	23,000	26,000	28,800	23,000	40,000	50,400	31,200	40,000	50,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	290	250	64.3	67.4	61.0	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	71.9	75.3	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	32,000	29,200	31,000	32,000	29,200	41,600	51,600	33,600	41,600	51,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	675	335	340	80.4	77.9	82.9	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730	83.5	82.2	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500	14,400	12,700	13,500	14,400	12,700	8,300	6,120	9,700	8,300	6,120	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	80	65	17.3	18.6	15.9	373,185	184,280	188,900	11.1	11.0	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	7,350	6,500	6,650	7,350	6,500	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	90	90	22.0	20.9	22.0	978,925	473,610	505,320	29.0	28.3	29.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,250	6,240	7,000	7,250	6,240	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	815	410	405	97.0	96.5	97.6	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400	95.2	95.2	95.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,700	48,800	32,400	40,700	48,800	32,400	60,850	72,700	49,160	60,850	72,700	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	815	410	405	97.0	96.5	97.6	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235	95.2	95.3	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,700	42,200	28,900	35,700	42,200	28,900	50,200	58,400	42,120	50,200	58,400	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	705	365	340	83.9	85.9	81.9	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850	85.9	87.9	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,400	25,100	34,000	42,400	25,100	57,300	70,100	44,040	57,300	70,100	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	560	295	255	66.7	69.4	61.4	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950	71.9	75.4	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	28,600	35,600	41,600	28,600	56,350	67,800	43,920	56,350	67,800	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	675	335	340	80.4	78.8	81.9	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710	83.5	82.1	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,560	13,950	13,250	13,560	13,950	13,250	10,440	9,300	11,520	10,440	9,300	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	140	75	70	16.7	17.6	16.9	371,975	183,715	188,265	11.0	11.0	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,600	8,800	9,200	9,600	8,800	7,090	6,720	7,450	7,090	6,720	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180	80	100	21.4	18.8	24.1	972,130	470,475	501,650	28.8	28.1	29.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	9,800	7,800	8,700	9,800	7,800	9,170	9,030	9,290	9,170	9,030	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	280	160	120	33.3	37.6	28.9	1,120,075	641,305	478,775	33.2	38.3	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	54,000	41,200	45,600	54,000	41,200	70,500	78,500	62,000	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,400	55,600	44,000	50,400	55,600	44,000	85,200	96,300	70,400	85,200	96,300	70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	90	105	22.6	21.2	25.3	993,770	466,385	527,385	29.4	27.8	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,200	16,200	16,200	17,200	16,200	21,600	26,200	18,400	21,600	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	30,400	18,800	24,200	30,400	18,800	34,280	42,280	27,160	34,280	42,280	27,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.4	77.0	65.5	72.4	77.0	65.5	85.0	89.0	79.2	85.0	89.0	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.6	62.0	56.0	59.6	62.0	56.0	70.0	73.8	64.4	70.0	73.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.7	23.2	34.4	27.7	23.2	34.4	15.0	11.0	20.9	15.0	11.0	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.4	3.9	3.4	4.4	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.8	7.3	5.8	4.8	7.3	5.1	4.0	6.7	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.8	4.7	4.0	5.8	4.6	3.7	5.9	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	840	430	405	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	30	15	15	3.6	3.5	3.7	161,620	78,885	82,730	4.8	4.7	4.9
With total income	810	420	395	96.4	97.7	97.5	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415	95.2	95.3	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	35	35	8.0	8.3	8.9	271,260	111,180	160,085	8.4	7.0	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	125	60	65	15.4	14.3	16.5	307,390	122,515	184,880	9.6	7.7	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	155	80	70	19.1	19.0	17.7	483,175	210,085	273,090	15.0	13.2	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	130	60	70	16.0	14.3	17.7	384,115	161,270	222,840	12.0	10.1	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	115	50	65	14.2	11.9	16.5	332,120	148,870	183,245	10.3	9.3	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	80	45	35	9.9	10.7	8.9	277,960	132,620	145,340	8.6	8.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	15	4.3	6.0	3.8	232,840	119,260	113,580	7.2	7.5	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	3.7	4.8	2.5	187,305	105,100	82,205	5.8	6.6	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	10	3.7	3.6	2.5	146,920	87,190	59,725	4.6	5.5	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	1.9	2.4	1.3	124,520	73,960	50,560	3.9	4.6	3.1
$100,000 and over	25	20	5	3.1	4.8	1.3	465,885	325,025	140,860	14.5	20.4	8.7
$100,000 to $149,999	20	10	10	2.5	2.4	2.5	291,955	191,190	100,765	9.1	12.0	6.2
$150,000 and over	10	5	0	1.2	1.2	0.0	173,935	133,835	40,100	5.4	8.4	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	840	430	405	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	30	15	15	3.6	3.5	3.7	159,820	77,915	81,900	4.7	4.6	4.8
With after-tax income	810	420	395	96.4	97.7	97.5	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	35	40	8.6	8.3	10.1	282,760	115,430	167,325	8.8	7.2	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	125	60	65	15.4	14.3	16.5	320,525	128,425	192,100	10.0	8.0	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	170	90	85	21.0	21.4	21.5	545,450	237,370	308,080	17.0	14.9	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	175	85	95	21.6	20.2	24.1	449,440	194,945	254,500	14.0	12.2	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	120	65	60	14.8	15.5	15.2	388,170	182,160	206,010	12.1	11.4	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	55	30	25	6.8	7.1	6.3	314,650	160,140	154,510	9.8	10.0	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	35	30	10	4.3	7.1	2.5	240,015	135,075	104,940	7.5	8.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	20	3.1	2.4	5.1	178,580	106,080	72,495	5.6	6.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	0	1.9	2.4	0.0	138,170	82,415	55,755	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	1.2	1.2	0.0	92,045	59,450	32,595	2.9	3.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	1.2	1.2	0.0	265,490	196,560	68,930	8.3	12.3	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	0.6	1.2	0.0	121,505	85,805	35,705	3.8	5.4	2.2
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	143,985	110,760	33,225	4.5	6.9	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	840	430	405	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	295	145	155	35.1	33.7	38.3	948,210	413,405	534,805	28.1	24.7	31.5
With employment income	540	285	255	64.3	66.3	63.0	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345	71.9	75.3	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90	50	45	16.7	17.5	17.6	305,715	142,525	163,185	12.6	11.3	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	20	7.4	7.0	7.8	186,575	78,780	107,795	7.7	6.2	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	80	45	40	14.8	15.8	15.7	270,795	116,950	153,845	11.2	9.3	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	55	30	30	10.2	10.5	11.8	212,530	93,955	118,575	8.8	7.4	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	40	12.0	10.5	15.7	202,095	92,015	110,080	8.3	7.3	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	35	10.2	8.8	13.7	193,315	92,690	100,625	8.0	7.3	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	50	35	15	9.3	12.3	5.9	181,745	89,815	91,930	7.5	7.1	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	2.8	3.5	2.0	161,830	85,450	76,375	6.7	6.8	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	5.6	7.0	3.9	133,940	78,540	55,400	5.5	6.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	3.7	3.5	5.9	110,580	67,335	43,240	4.6	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	0.9	0.0	2.0	101,430	59,855	41,575	4.2	4.7	3.6
$100,000 and over	20	20	5	3.7	7.0	2.0	366,350	264,635	101,720	15.1	21.0	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	0	2.8	3.5	0.0	158,925	103,055	55,870	6.5	8.2	4.8
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	1.9	1.8	0.0	207,430	161,580	45,850	8.5	12.8	3.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	840	430	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	405	385	94.0	94.2	93.9	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760	93.2	93.2	93.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	31,200	33,600	36,400	31,200	44,400	54,800	36,400	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	405	385	94.0	94.2	93.9	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735	93.3	93.2	93.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,000	30,400	32,000	28,000	39,600	47,600	33,600	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	685	350	335	81.5	81.4	81.7	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250	85.0	86.9	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	31,600	28,600	30,400	31,600	28,600	43,200	54,000	34,400	43,200	54,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	540	285	260	64.3	66.3	63.4	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925	72.2	75.6	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	32,400	31,600	31,800	32,400	31,600	44,400	55,200	36,000	44,400	55,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	610	290	325	72.6	67.4	79.3	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520	79.3	78.3	80.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,900	12,900	9,400	10,900	12,900	9,400	1,620	1,010	4,080	1,620	1,010	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	120	60	55	14.3	14.0	13.4	245,140	118,390	126,750	7.3	7.1	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	10,100	7,200	9,300	10,100	7,200	6,240	5,640	7,050	6,240	5,640	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	405	395	95.2	95.3	95.2	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890	93.2	93.1	93.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,400	47,000	31,800	39,400	47,000	31,800	60,750	74,200	47,560	60,750	74,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	800	405	395	95.2	95.3	95.2	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750	93.3	93.2	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,300	40,000	28,600	34,300	40,000	28,600	49,720	59,050	40,520	49,720	59,050	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	365	350	85.1	85.9	84.3	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740	85.1	86.9	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	42,000	26,800	34,600	42,000	26,800	60,350	74,400	45,840	60,350	74,400	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	575	310	265	68.5	72.9	63.9	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835	72.2	75.6	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	41,200	29,800	35,800	41,200	29,800	59,450	72,000	45,800	59,450	72,000	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	640	295	345	76.2	69.4	83.1	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530	79.3	78.3	80.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,640	11,700	9,760	10,640	11,700	9,760	6,720	5,635	7,770	6,720	5,635	7,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115	40	75	13.7	9.4	18.1	244,330	117,410	126,920	7.2	7.0	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	11,200	7,000	8,600	11,200	7,000	7,990	7,020	8,900	7,990	7,020	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	280	160	120	33.3	37.6	28.9	1,111,760	636,785	474,975	32.9	38.0	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	40,800	51,600	37,200	40,800	51,600	37,200	68,500	77,500	58,800	68,500	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,800	54,000	42,000	48,800	54,000	42,000	83,800	95,700	67,800	83,800	95,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	90	105	22.6	21.2	25.3	941,295	443,225	498,070	27.9	26.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	23,400	18,000	18,000	23,400	18,000	30,000	37,200	25,400	30,000	37,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	30,800	22,000	26,200	30,800	22,000	43,280	54,050	33,720	43,280	54,050	33,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.4	82.0	73.5	78.4	82.0	73.5	90.6	93.6	86.0	90.6	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	65.0	67.0	63.0	65.0	67.0	63.0	75.8	78.8	71.0	75.8	78.8	71.0
Government transfers (%)	21.6	18.4	26.4	21.6	18.4	26.4	9.4	6.4	14.0	9.4	6.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.1	2.4	4.0	3.1	2.4	4.0	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	420	...	...	...	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	100	...	...	...	...	...	424,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...	29,200	...	...	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	320	...	...	...	...	...	1,209,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	415	...	...	...	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...	424,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...	62,050	...	...	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...	51,400	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	305	...	...	...	...	...	1,209,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	115,500	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	16,810	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	8,310	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	12,525	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17,725	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	49,050	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	52,025	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	41,490	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	48,190	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	52,710	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	51,200	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	8.3	...	...	104,130	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	11.9	...	...	106,340	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	8.3	...	...	104,230	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	98,820	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	7.1	...	...	93,990	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	105	...	...	25.0	...	...	775,675	...	...	47.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	11.9	...	...	204,960	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	156,945	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	200,675	...	...	12.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	213,100	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	420	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	18,920	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	8,620	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	1.2	...	...	12,950	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	18,925	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	52,455	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	58,000	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	48,620	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	56,195	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	62,115	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	60,880	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	126,900	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	127,780	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45	...	...	10.7	...	...	122,795	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	7.1	...	...	117,335	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	106,445	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	15.5	...	...	634,290	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	8.3	...	...	214,810	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	149,640	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	269,845	...	...	16.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	305	...	...	...	...	...	1,150,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	...	...	...	423,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	...	...	...	527,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	...	...	...	162,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	140	90	55	...	...	...	612,970	318,840	294,130	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	30,800	34,400	33,600	30,800	34,400	43,600	46,400	40,800	43,600	46,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	29,400	31,000	29,400	29,400	31,000	39,200	41,200	37,200	39,200	41,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	305	...	...	...	...	...	1,149,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	...	...	...	423,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	...	...	...	528,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	167,000	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	136,200	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...	161,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	120	75	45	...	...	...	612,950	318,115	294,835	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,500	42,000	30,000	36,500	42,000	30,000	56,550	60,100	52,750	56,550	60,100	52,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	36,000	26,000	32,000	36,000	26,000	47,360	49,600	44,960	47,360	49,600	44,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	985	510	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	175	95	85	17.8	18.6	17.7	953,865	490,345	463,520	22.8	23.5	22.2
0 to 5 years	40	15	25	4.1	2.9	5.2	302,980	155,160	147,820	7.3	7.4	7.1
18 to 64 years	545	290	265	55.3	56.9	55.2	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945	63.2	63.1	63.2
65 years and over	260	130	130	26.4	25.5	27.1	584,915	279,845	305,065	14.0	13.4	14.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	135	70	70	...	...	...	382,820	182,970	199,855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	...	...	...	107,130	54,765	52,370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	...	...	...	36,250	18,465	17,790	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	55	25	25	...	...	...	213,795	103,030	110,765	...	...	...
65 years and over	60	25	30	...	...	...	61,890	25,180	36,720	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.8	14.4	13.6	12.8	14.4	9.2	8.8	9.6	9.2	8.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.0	12.0	11.0	10.0	12.0	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.2	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	x	x	16.0	x	x	12.0	11.9	12.0	12.0	11.9	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.0	11.0	10.4	10.0	11.0	8.1	7.8	8.4	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	22.0	20.0	24.0	22.0	20.0	24.0	10.6	9.0	12.0	10.6	9.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	985	510	475	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	180	90	85	18.3	17.6	17.9	936,965	481,700	455,265	22.7	23.3	22.0
0 to 5 years	40	15	25	4.1	2.9	5.3	298,005	152,625	145,380	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years	545	285	260	55.3	55.9	54.7	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690	63.3	63.2	63.3
65 years and over	260	130	130	26.4	25.5	27.4	581,730	278,250	303,475	14.1	13.5	14.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	15	...	...	...	187,885	96,630	91,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	...	...	...	43,110	21,925	21,180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...	13,945	7,045	6,900	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	...	...	...	130,620	68,100	62,525	...	...	...
65 years and over	5	0	0	...	...	...	14,155	6,605	7,550	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	4.0	3.2	3.6	4.0	3.2	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	6.0	4.0	4.8	6.0	4.0	5.0	5.2	4.8	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	985	510	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	710	360	350	72.1	70.6	72.9	1,894,410	924,245	970,165	45.3	44.3	46.4
In bottom decile	120	60	60	12.2	11.8	12.5	345,410	172,330	173,080	8.3	8.3	8.3
In second decile	135	75	60	13.7	14.7	12.5	385,215	179,975	205,240	9.2	8.6	9.8
In third decile	190	95	95	19.3	18.6	19.8	380,170	184,770	195,400	9.1	8.8	9.4
In fourth decile	160	80	80	16.2	15.7	16.7	386,560	190,330	196,235	9.3	9.1	9.4
In fifth decile	105	50	60	10.7	9.8	12.5	397,055	196,830	200,215	9.5	9.4	9.6
In top half of the distribution	275	150	125	27.9	29.4	26.0	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365	54.7	55.7	53.6
In sixth decile	80	45	30	8.1	8.8	6.3	406,615	204,040	202,575	9.7	9.8	9.7
In seventh decile	75	45	35	7.6	8.8	7.3	420,810	212,460	208,350	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	55	25	30	5.6	4.9	6.3	440,225	223,690	216,535	10.5	10.7	10.4
In ninth decile	50	25	20	5.1	4.9	4.2	470,850	240,765	230,085	11.3	11.5	11.0
In top decile	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.1	544,810	282,985	261,825	13.0	13.6	12.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	985	...	...	985	...	...	4,177,720	...	...	4,177,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	855	455	400	85.5	87.5	83.3	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905	92.3	93.0	91.5
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,105	1,330	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	135	65	75	13.5	12.5	15.6	258,330	119,725	138,605	6.1	5.7	6.6
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	65,705	26,945	38,760	1.6	1.3	1.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	960	495	465	96.0	95.2	96.9	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915	96.6	96.8	96.3
French	40	20	15	4.0	3.8	3.1	64,440	32,960	31,485	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,525	7,680	7,840	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	63,735	25,925	37,810	1.5	1.2	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	990	510	475	99.0	98.1	99.0	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165	96.1	96.2	95.9
Official languages	950	490	465	95.0	94.2	96.9	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910	74.6	75.5	73.7
English	915	470	450	91.5	90.4	93.8	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265	73.0	73.9	72.2
French	40	25	15	4.0	4.8	3.1	64,855	33,210	31,645	1.5	1.6	1.5
Non-official languages	35	25	15	3.5	4.8	3.1	906,680	436,430	470,250	21.5	20.7	22.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,200	8,165	9,035	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,155	7,265	7,890	0.4	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,470	1,160	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,290	5,920	6,370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,290	5,920	6,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	705	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	650	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,255	4,495	4,760	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	180	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	610	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	605	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	495	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	205	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	25	15	3.5	4.8	3.1	889,485	428,270	461,215	21.1	20.3	21.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	82,270	42,330	39,935	1.9	2.0	1.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	185	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,995	7,485	7,515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	345	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,485	1,780	1,705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,750	5,280	5,470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,720	34,555	32,165	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,165	3,925	4,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,425	24,385	22,045	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	405	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	225	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	455	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,065	5,210	4,855	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,655	11,520	14,135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775	800	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,705	10,615	13,090	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	131,755	58,110	73,640	3.1	2.8	3.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	235	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	985	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,210	2,300	2,910	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,370	1,005	1,370	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,440	3,325	4,110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	510	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	155	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	620	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	235	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	108,395	47,810	60,590	2.6	2.3	2.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	475	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,745	875	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,170	8,845	8,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	295	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,785	4,450	4,330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,950	2,610	2,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,715	1,425	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	20	10	3.0	3.8	2.1	454,815	224,310	230,505	10.8	10.6	10.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,345	1,250	1,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,185	32,420	37,760	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	405	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	165	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	240	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,305	32,020	37,285	1.6	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,300	640	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,700	1,265	1,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,540	8,130	9,410	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,735	7,850	9,890	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,350	5,085	5,270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,860	905	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	2,105	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,040	1,975	2,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	910	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	245	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,750	7,630	9,125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	165	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	93,145	45,830	47,320	2.2	2.2	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	145	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	60,990	29,660	31,325	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	15	5	10	1.5	1.0	2.1	59,835	29,055	30,775	1.4	1.4	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,045	550	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,670	14,425	14,245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,555	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,140	6,605	6,535	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,545	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,815	4,455	4,355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,155	1,540	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	945	910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	245	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,430	1,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	197,415	100,095	97,320	4.7	4.7	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	176,130	89,315	86,820	4.2	4.2	4.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,735	3,900	3,835	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,330	7,920	7,415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,815	9,525	9,285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	720	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	170	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,910	970	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,900	3,035	2,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,070	46,205	44,870	2.2	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	345	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,700	1,380	1,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,635	14,425	14,210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	495	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,225	10,750	10,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,035	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,505	1,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,065	8,115	7,955	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,005	2,490	2,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,030	4,585	4,445	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,035	1,040	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	88,045	42,845	45,205	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,505	4,745	4,755	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,910	4,750	5,165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,425	3,635	3,790	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	61,090	29,655	31,435	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,575	1,550	3,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,240	8,935	10,305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	255	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,500	8,265	8,235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,660	855	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	160	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,380	725	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	550	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	190	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	305	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	530	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	50	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,165	1,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,205	1,710	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,090	1,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,450	1,275	1,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	575	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	290	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	340	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	440	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	370	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,025	54,995	63,030	2.8	2.6	3.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115,870	53,935	61,940	2.7	2.6	2.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	405	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,135	25,165	28,970	1.3	1.2	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,400	1,040	1,360	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,280	26,280	30,005	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	760	845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	1,015	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	365	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	290	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,040	1,110	1,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	460	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	620	1,390	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,335	2,360	1,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	235	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,290	1,825	1,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,120	2,890	3,230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	285	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	2,530	2,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	166,455	80,575	85,890	3.9	3.8	4.1
English and French	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	17,600	8,520	9,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.5	0.0	1.0	131,195	63,735	67,465	3.1	3.0	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,125	1,535	1,590	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,160	1,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,105	5,625	6,480	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	935	475	455	93.5	91.3	94.8	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580	75.4	76.2	74.7
French	10	10	5	1.0	1.9	1.0	15,490	7,660	7,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	272,985	131,515	141,475	6.5	6.2	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,700	1,890	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	269,280	129,620	139,665	6.4	6.1	6.6
English and French	25	15	10	2.5	2.9	2.1	41,100	19,580	21,515	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	2.0	2.9	1.0	664,935	323,185	341,750	15.7	15.3	16.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	725	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,280	8,175	9,105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,475	11,545	12,930	0.6	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,000	520	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	995	520	475	99.5	100.0	99.0	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	970	500	470	97.0	96.2	97.9	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425	83.0	83.4	82.6
English	955	490	465	95.5	94.2	96.9	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895	82.5	82.9	82.1
French	15	10	5	1.5	1.9	1.0	22,755	11,225	11,530	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	30	20	10	3.0	3.8	2.1	550,665	268,690	281,975	13.0	12.7	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,175	3,615	3,565	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,355	3,210	3,140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	490	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,290	2,670	2,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	235	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,510	2,275	2,230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	345	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	340	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	300	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	3.0	3.8	2.1	543,490	265,075	278,415	12.9	12.6	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,375	26,290	26,085	1.2	1.2	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,170	5,010	5,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	255	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,580	1,305	1,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,045	3,425	3,620	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,920	21,120	20,800	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,025	2,385	2,635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,040	14,195	13,840	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,600	3,905	3,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,075	7,795	9,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	430	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,945	7,280	8,670	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	82,190	38,845	43,345	1.9	1.8	2.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	595	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,990	1,435	1,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,290	610	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,450	2,075	2,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	215	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	330	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,570	32,865	36,705	1.6	1.6	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	245	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	485	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,840	5,985	5,855	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,270	3,150	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,480	1,790	1,690	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,705	860	845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	15	5	2.0	2.9	1.0	265,460	131,850	133,610	6.3	6.3	6.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	550	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,760	13,815	14,945	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,415	13,640	14,775	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	290	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	365	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,230	3,575	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,885	5,205	5,680	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,370	2,105	2,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	360	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,525	740	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	990	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,080	1,990	2,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	40,925	20,195	20,730	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	29,275	14,360	14,920	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	10	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.0	29,025	14,235	14,790	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,310	5,675	5,630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	725	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,280	1,170	1,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,620	2,850	2,770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	146,225	73,640	72,580	3.5	3.5	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.5	1.0	0.0	132,370	66,780	65,590	3.1	3.2	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,085	2,505	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,620	5,435	5,185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,295	6,225	6,075	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	345	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	570	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,280	2,200	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75,180	38,085	37,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	205	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	790	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,080	9,990	10,085	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	255	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,835	6,850	6,980	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	655	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,920	960	960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,495	5,190	5,310	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,990	1,435	1,560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,150	3,065	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,360	690	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,235	23,055	24,180	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,140	915	1,220	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,585	2,230	2,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,525	1,745	1,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,925	18,135	18,790	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	920	1,275	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,510	6,915	7,590	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	165	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,470	3,055	3,415	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	370	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	215	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	255	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	180	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	505	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	565	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	300	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	640	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	310	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	185	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	135	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	765	560	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	610	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,325	38,350	42,970	1.9	1.8	2.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,775	37,570	42,200	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	125	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,005	19,245	20,765	0.9	0.9	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	405	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,205	17,195	20,010	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	455	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	765	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	265	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,410	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	205	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	430	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,405	1,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,145	1,035	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	860	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,675	795	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	166,875	81,225	85,650	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,010	3,875	4,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	152,980	74,600	78,375	3.6	3.5	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	345	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,755	845	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,355	1,560	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,000	515	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	955	490	465	95.5	95.1	96.9	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850	85.5	86.0	85.1
English	15	10	5	1.5	1.9	1.0	224,860	111,370	113,495	5.3	5.3	5.4
French	20	10	5	2.0	1.9	1.0	30,900	14,530	16,375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	279,795	133,050	146,750	6.6	6.3	6.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,470	4,835	5,630	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	269,325	128,210	141,115	6.4	6.1	6.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,370	1,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0	34,750	17,340	17,410	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,875	3,655	4,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,550	14,325	15,225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375	98.5	98.7	98.2
English	980	505	480	99.5	100.0	99.0	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495	98.4	98.7	98.1
French	155	70	85	15.7	13.9	17.5	260,415	119,860	140,560	6.2	5.7	6.7
Non-official languages	65	35	30	6.6	6.9	6.2	1,215,795	587,465	628,325	29.1	28.1	30.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,910	15,640	17,275	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,220	13,945	15,275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,605	3,085	3,515	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,000	10,590	11,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,980	10,585	11,395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,265	1,840	2,425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,155	1,060	1,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,405	7,600	7,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	480	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	470	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	290	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,510	1,145	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,490	1,140	1,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	840	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	120	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	60	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	55	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	580	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	455	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	35	30	6.6	6.9	6.2	1,183,510	572,060	611,450	28.3	27.4	29.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	123,440	63,820	59,620	3.0	3.1	2.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	370	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	135	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	500	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	470	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,915	10,520	10,385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	415	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,390	2,775	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,865	7,395	7,475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105,580	54,910	50,670	2.5	2.6	2.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,775	8,070	7,700	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,760	40,430	36,335	1.8	1.9	1.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	625	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	260	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	255	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,710	1,935	1,770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,380	7,855	7,515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	285	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,940	16,645	19,295	0.9	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,275	1,410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,020	15,240	17,785	0.8	0.7	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	225	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	181,630	80,370	101,260	4.3	3.8	4.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	605	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,285	1,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,560	3,850	4,710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,750	1,590	2,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,710	5,825	7,885	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,410	1,045	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	230	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,705	805	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,670	1,210	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	560	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	172,625	76,255	96,375	4.1	3.7	4.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	460	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,045	2,295	2,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,360	2,730	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,435	765	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	210	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	260	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	425	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	670	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	580	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,790	13,240	12,545	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,785	915	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,090	6,195	5,890	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,105	5,340	4,760	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,040	2,575	2,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	175	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	25	25	5.6	5.0	5.2	607,625	300,360	307,265	14.5	14.4	14.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,130	1,730	1,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	440	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	88,305	41,660	46,640	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	425	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	300	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	87,775	41,425	46,350	2.1	2.0	2.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	120	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	800	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,880	1,930	1,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	295	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,385	10,655	11,730	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,760	14,030	15,725	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,860	6,820	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,470	1,675	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,945	3,440	3,510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,415	3,155	3,260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	115	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,540	1,165	1,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	335	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,340	10,625	12,715	0.6	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	565	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	2.5	2.0	3.1	107,065	53,150	53,915	2.6	2.5	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	175	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.1	66,405	33,105	33,300	1.6	1.6	1.6
German	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.1	65,370	32,550	32,820	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,585	785	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	38,720	19,390	19,320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,940	3,005	2,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	17,170	8,515	8,655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,055	2,030	2,020	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,395	5,810	5,590	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	180	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	2,545	2,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,525	1,295	1,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	555	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	760	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,645	2,365	2,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	266,095	135,440	130,660	6.4	6.5	6.3
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	242,500	123,495	119,005	5.8	5.9	5.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,675	5,385	5,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	24,780	12,630	12,150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	94,015	48,065	45,945	2.3	2.3	2.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,495	1,550	1,945	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	160	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	430	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,030	2,080	1,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,995	3,620	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	126,385	64,695	61,690	3.0	3.1	3.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,380	755	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,960	1,950	2,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,540	26,420	25,125	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,125	1,155	970	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,205	13,830	13,380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,510	1,335	1,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,550	2,335	2,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,940	10,630	10,310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,385	3,640	3,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,130	5,755	5,370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,710	1,390	1,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	185	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	2.5	2.0	4.1	154,035	74,195	79,845	3.7	3.6	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,480	9,525	9,960	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,645	7,290	7,355	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	4,930	4,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	25	10	20	2.5	2.0	4.1	116,070	55,430	60,640	2.8	2.7	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	270	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	135	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,925	4,845	6,080	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,030	10,705	12,325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	355	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,335	20,960	20,375	1.0	1.0	1.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,555	1,805	1,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	400	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	265	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	270	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	265	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	350	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	205	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,685	2,390	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	1,010	945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,555	790	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	180	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	465	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	675	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,160	1,035	1,130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	140	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,495	5,040	4,455	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	400	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,490	5,265	5,220	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,385	3,160	3,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,615	1,890	1,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	850	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	355	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	695	590	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	240	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,525	2,455	4,070	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,685	2,100	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	415	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	144,545	68,355	76,190	3.5	3.3	3.6
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	141,465	66,830	74,635	3.4	3.2	3.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	630	820	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	82,095	38,175	43,915	2.0	1.8	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,250	1,825	2,425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	74,960	35,260	39,700	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,795	860	930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,035	1,510	1,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	450	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	555	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	485	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	435	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	135	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	75	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,335	1,770	2,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	755	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,125	1,905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,450	4,015	3,435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	500	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,830	3,285	2,540	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	80	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	110	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,950	3,810	4,140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	105	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	480	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,700	3,235	3,465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	630	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	40	25	20	4.1	5.0	4.1	284,470	137,665	146,800	6.8	6.6	7.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	40	25	20	4.1	5.0	4.1	276,060	133,625	142,435	6.6	6.4	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	35	20	20	3.6	4.0	4.1	145,640	70,360	75,285	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	127,470	61,780	65,690	3.1	3.0	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,945	1,480	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,785	2,435	2,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,610	2,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	945	475	465	95.9	94.1	95.9	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685	93.2	93.4	93.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	20	20	3.6	4.0	4.1	126,530	61,050	65,485	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	950	485	465	96.4	96.0	95.9	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000	97.0	97.1	96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	385	...	...	92.8	...	...	1,157,495	...	...	70.9	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	7.2	...	...	465,220	...	...	28.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,505	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	294,875	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not condominium	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,338,345	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	30	...	...	7.2	...	...	158,300	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	115	...	...	27.7	...	...	350,400	...	...	21.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	150	...	...	36.1	...	...	566,750	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	115	...	...	27.7	...	...	548,610	...	...	33.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	80	...	...	19.3	...	...	427,120	...	...	26.2	...	...
5 rooms	70	...	...	16.9	...	...	258,680	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	50	...	...	12.0	...	...	235,145	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	55	...	...	13.3	...	...	206,130	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	160	...	...	38.6	...	...	506,150	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,589,600	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	43,620	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	405	...	...	97.6	...	...	1,556,960	...	...	95.3	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	76,260	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	170	...	...	41.0	...	...	168,925	...	...	10.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	105	...	...	25.3	...	...	428,655	...	...	26.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	50	...	...	12.0	...	...	188,550	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	224,315	...	...	13.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	4.8	...	...	152,840	...	...	9.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	168,905	...	...	10.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	161,095	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	3.6	...	...	139,935	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	370	...	...	89.2	...	...	1,543,795	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	40	...	...	9.6	...	...	89,420	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	215	...	...	51.8	...	...	802,915	...	...	49.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	190	...	...	45.8	...	...	745,175	...	...	45.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	85,130	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	51,475	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	260,820	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	13.3	...	...	341,390	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	16.9	...	...	304,080	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	75	...	...	18.1	...	...	311,335	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	110	...	...	26.5	...	...	222,825	...	...	13.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	8.4	...	...	105,505	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...	6.0	...	...	35,775	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	400	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,588,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	365	...	...	91.3	...	...	1,251,370	...	...	78.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	7.5	...	...	337,585	...	...	21.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20	...	...	5.0	...	...	306,355	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	415	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,633,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	19.3	...	...	463,775	...	...	28.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	7.2	...	...	304,300	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	2.4	...	...	58,970	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	40	...	...	9.6	...	...	61,750	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11,080	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	21,460	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5,470	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	740	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	330	...	...	79.5	...	...	1,169,450	...	...	71.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	380	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,557,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	154,230	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not in core need	370	...	...	97.4	...	...	1,403,495	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	...	...	...	1,131,995	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.7	...	...	50.7	...	...	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	604	...	...	604	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	788	...	...	788	...	...	1,678	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	199,000	...	...	199,000	...	...	448,800	...	...	448,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...	463,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	34.0	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...	1,332	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	10,505	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	302	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	350	...	...	350	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	990	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135,650	66,545	69,110	3.2	3.2	3.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	131,200	64,375	66,820	3.1	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	101,455	49,465	51,990	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,695	14,340	14,355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	570	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,455	2,175	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,090	1,985	2,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	30	25	0	3.0	5.0	0.0	187,365	90,475	96,890	4.5	4.3	4.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	30	25	0	3.0	5.0	0.0	180,640	87,270	93,375	4.3	4.2	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	25	0	3.0	5.0	0.0	102,335	49,695	52,640	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,055	36,420	39,640	1.8	1.7	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,255	1,155	1,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,720	3,210	3,515	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,150	2,915	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	140	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	130	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	930	470	460	93.9	93.1	94.8	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485	92.3	92.5	92.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	990	500	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	960	485	475	97.0	97.0	99.0	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685	90.8	91.1	90.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	185	95	90	18.7	19.0	18.8	900,670	463,925	436,745	21.6	22.2	20.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	775	390	385	78.3	78.0	80.2	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945	69.2	68.9	69.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	15	10	3.0	3.0	2.1	385,010	185,215	199,795	9.2	8.9	9.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	990	500	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	915	460	460	92.4	92.0	95.8	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150	75.2	75.9	74.5
Immigrants⁸¹	65	40	25	6.6	8.0	5.2	970,970	468,250	502,725	23.2	22.4	24.1
Before 1980	20	15	10	2.0	3.0	2.1	127,275	62,275	65,005	3.0	3.0	3.1
1980 to 1990	20	15	10	2.0	3.0	2.1	91,320	44,550	46,770	2.2	2.1	2.2
1991 to 2000	15	15	0	1.5	3.0	0.0	126,605	60,125	66,480	3.0	2.9	3.2
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	239,260	115,815	123,445	5.7	5.5	5.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	386,510	185,485	201,025	9.3	8.9	9.6
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	193,335	93,675	99,665	4.6	4.5	4.8
2016 to 2021	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	193,175	91,810	101,360	4.6	4.4	4.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	64,830	34,215	30,610	1.6	1.6	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	65	40	25	100.0	100.0	100.0	970,975	468,250	502,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	15	0	0	23.1	0.0	0.0	85,135	43,645	41,485	8.8	9.3	8.3
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	169,075	87,630	81,440	17.4	18.7	16.2
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	15.4	25.0	0.0	175,855	81,330	94,525	18.1	17.4	18.8
25 to 44 years	25	10	10	38.5	25.0	40.0	450,070	213,555	236,510	46.4	45.6	47.0
45 years and over	10	10	0	15.4	25.0	0.0	90,845	42,090	48,760	9.4	9.0	9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	65	40	25	100.0	100.0	100.0	970,975	468,250	502,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	15	0	23.1	37.5	0.0	110,855	51,790	59,065	11.4	11.1	11.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,800	1,590	2,210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,385	4,855	5,535	1.1	1.0	1.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,940	3,340	3,600	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,375	1,175	1,205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	745	625	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,695	4,160	4,530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,990	8,935	9,055	1.9	1.9	1.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	825	1,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,360	1,560	1,800	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,540	13,490	17,050	3.1	2.9	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,500	11,110	12,395	2.4	2.4	2.5
Europe	50	25	20	76.9	62.5	80.0	180,590	90,195	90,395	18.6	19.3	18.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,335	2,155	2,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,405	1,710	1,700	0.4	0.4	0.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,330	1,390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	10	0	10	15.4	0.0	40.0	16,635	8,000	8,635	1.7	1.7	1.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	1,035	855	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,080	1,505	1,580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,990	3,605	3,380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	10	0	0	15.4	0.0	0.0	12,730	6,680	6,050	1.3	1.4	1.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,595	7,280	8,315	1.6	1.6	1.7
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,730	1,895	1,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,190	3,585	3,605	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,470	3,205	4,260	0.8	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,220	1,075	1,145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,915	4,050	4,870	0.9	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	15.4	0.0	0.0	56,675	29,555	27,125	5.8	6.3	5.4
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,990	13,535	13,460	2.8	2.9	2.7
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	119,295	60,715	58,580	12.3	13.0	11.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	665	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,215	1,640	1,575	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,760	3,660	3,095	0.7	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,720	5,230	4,495	1.0	1.1	0.9
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,420	7,085	7,340	1.5	1.5	1.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,130	1,100	1,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,065	10,925	10,145	2.2	2.3	2.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,545	4,260	4,285	0.9	0.9	0.9
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,960	4,430	4,535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,250	21,720	21,530	4.5	4.6	4.3
Asia	10	10	0	15.4	25.0	0.0	549,965	260,520	289,440	56.6	55.6	57.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,585	3,235	3,350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,865	4,625	4,245	0.9	1.0	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,220	3,225	2,990	0.6	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,960	5,375	4,585	1.0	1.1	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,975	5,310	4,665	1.0	1.1	0.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,830	1,575	1,260	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,390	27,935	33,455	6.3	6.0	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,725	9,090	9,630	1.9	1.9	1.9
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,180	7,545	8,635	1.7	1.6	1.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,395	1,415	1,980	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	167,735	74,205	93,530	17.3	15.8	18.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,880	12,700	15,180	2.9	2.7	3.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,035	3,080	2,960	0.6	0.7	0.6
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	122,150	61,405	60,740	12.6	13.1	12.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,810	15,690	15,120	3.2	3.4	3.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,930	2,490	2,445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,305	21,615	24,690	4.8	4.6	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,275	5,030	5,240	1.1	1.1	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	0	0	100.0	0.0	0.0	193,170	91,815	101,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,300	8,985	10,320	10.0	9.8	10.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	555	810	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	535	775	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	135	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,130	985	1,145	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,165	2,140	2,025	2.2	2.3	2.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,175	2,460	2,715	2.7	2.7	2.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	525	695	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,715	1,645	2,070	1.9	1.8	2.0
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,750	7,955	7,795	8.2	8.7	7.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	310	445	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	640	425	0.5	0.7	0.4
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	285	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	395	695	0.6	0.4	0.7
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,045	920	1,125	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,800	2,170	1,630	2.0	2.4	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,135	3,045	3,090	3.2	3.3	3.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,320	16,870	17,450	17.8	18.4	17.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	220	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	385	520	0.5	0.4	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	920	450	465	0.5	0.5	0.5
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,190	595	595	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,120	2,665	2,450	2.7	2.9	2.4
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,960	1,865	2,100	2.1	2.0	2.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	215	290	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,840	4,950	4,890	5.1	5.4	4.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,960	970	985	1.0	1.1	1.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	1,025	930	1.0	1.1	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	530	605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,725	2,680	3,040	3.0	2.9	3.0
Asia	10	0	0	100.0	0.0	0.0	122,360	57,210	65,145	63.3	62.3	64.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	655	700	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	540	590	0.6	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,495	4,095	5,400	4.9	4.5	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,815	16,070	15,745	16.5	17.5	15.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,420	665	750	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	625	680	0.7	0.7	0.7
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	365	295	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	50	285	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	235	220	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,425	1,440	1,990	1.8	1.6	2.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	955	455	500	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	670	695	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,085	1,950	2,130	2.1	2.1	2.1
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,605	21,395	26,215	24.6	23.3	25.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	360	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	740	370	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,295	3,900	3,400	3.8	4.2	3.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	405	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	375	315	0.4	0.4	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	580	1,180	0.9	0.6	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	1,670	2,540	2.2	1.8	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	785	655	0.7	0.9	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	510	430	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	280	220	0.3	0.3	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	85	50	35	8.6	9.9	7.2	1,074,140	522,255	551,885	25.7	25.0	26.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	65	40	30	6.6	7.9	6.2	777,505	391,285	386,215	18.6	18.7	18.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	840	415	425	85.3	82.2	87.6	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385	55.7	56.3	55.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	40	30	15	100.0	100.0	100.0	843,700	405,975	437,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	20	10	62.5	66.7	66.7	471,325	236,805	234,520	55.9	58.3	53.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	15	0	50.0	50.0	0.0	192,785	116,035	76,755	22.8	28.6	17.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	278,535	120,765	157,765	33.0	29.7	36.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	10	0	25.0	33.3	0.0	240,090	98,410	141,680	28.5	24.2	32.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	123,970	66,715	57,255	14.7	16.4	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,315	4,050	4,265	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	40	30	15	100.0	100.0	100.0	843,700	405,975	437,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,815	17,215	12,595	3.5	4.2	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	126,640	57,515	69,125	15.0	14.2	15.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,340	12,430	11,910	2.9	3.1	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,540	25,735	21,805	5.6	6.3	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,740	1,430	2,305	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	40	30	10	100.0	100.0	66.7	611,625	291,650	319,975	72.5	71.8	73.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25	20	0	2.5	4.0	0.0	1,161,420	571,535	589,885	27.8	27.4	28.2
South Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	297,650	152,030	145,620	7.1	7.3	7.0
Chinese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	164,235	79,520	84,710	3.9	3.8	4.1
Black	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	177,940	90,375	87,570	4.3	4.3	4.2
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	216,710	99,540	117,170	5.2	4.8	5.6
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,505	36,555	32,955	1.7	1.8	1.6
Latin American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,520	32,115	34,405	1.6	1.5	1.6
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,005	25,215	28,790	1.3	1.2	1.4
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,075	12,835	12,240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,365	11,600	12,770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,560	6,135	7,425	0.3	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,100	5,985	6,120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,745	19,625	20,120	1.0	0.9	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	960	480	480	97.5	95.0	99.0	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605	72.2	72.6	71.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	985	500	480	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	220	115	105	22.3	23.0	21.9	484,655	251,795	232,860	11.6	12.1	11.1
English	395	200	195	40.1	40.0	40.6	766,070	376,940	389,130	18.3	18.1	18.6
Irish	185	85	105	18.8	17.0	21.9	561,915	270,440	291,470	13.5	13.0	13.9
Scottish	230	130	100	23.4	26.0	20.8	631,015	309,855	321,160	15.1	14.8	15.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	140	65	80	14.2	13.0	16.7	340,900	167,270	173,635	8.2	8.0	8.3
German	60	20	40	6.1	4.0	8.3	641,025	317,325	323,705	15.3	15.2	15.5
Chinese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	177,990	85,545	92,440	4.3	4.1	4.4
Italian	20	10	10	2.0	2.0	2.1	98,730	49,855	48,875	2.4	2.4	2.3
Indian (India)	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	155,700	79,060	76,640	3.7	3.8	3.7
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	343,640	169,070	174,575	8.2	8.1	8.4
Dutch	55	35	15	5.6	7.0	3.1	174,625	87,015	87,610	4.2	4.2	4.2
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	169,925	82,005	87,915	4.1	3.9	4.2
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,380	2,810	2,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	3.1	124,835	63,065	61,770	3.0	3.0	3.0
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	203,955	94,020	109,935	4.9	4.5	5.3
French Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,365	15,655	16,710	0.8	0.7	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	105	45	60	10.7	9.0	12.5	73,475	37,700	35,780	1.8	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	10	0	1.5	2.0	0.0	73,355	35,940	37,415	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115,455	55,915	59,535	2.8	2.7	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,790	36,360	34,425	1.7	1.7	1.6
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,890	46,455	51,435	2.3	2.2	2.5
Norwegian	40	30	20	4.1	6.0	4.2	154,535	74,455	80,085	3.7	3.6	3.8
Welsh	15	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0	76,810	36,840	39,970	1.8	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,415	10,745	10,680	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,100	32,535	33,560	1.6	1.6	1.6
Spanish	15	15	0	1.5	3.0	0.0	40,165	18,395	21,770	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.1	92,975	43,950	49,025	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,360	25,175	26,185	1.2	1.2	1.3
Acadian	45	15	25	4.6	3.0	5.2	10,110	5,175	4,935	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,535	20,140	19,390	0.9	1.0	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,225	17,015	17,210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,405	7,195	7,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,585	19,270	18,315	0.9	0.9	0.9
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,395	18,815	20,580	0.9	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,860	12,675	11,185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Greek	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.1	13,980	7,290	6,690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,620	7,845	7,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,255	15,030	16,225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	4.2	62,465	30,145	32,315	1.5	1.4	1.5
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,170	11,505	12,660	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,530	14,880	16,650	0.8	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,480	14,600	13,880	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,550	5,380	5,165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,380	7,135	7,240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,190	27,550	28,640	1.3	1.3	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,435	12,745	13,695	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,860	15,005	13,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,220	17,895	18,325	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,985	10,715	11,270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,460	1,255	1,200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,535	10,485	10,050	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,450	12,870	12,580	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	30	20	10	3.0	4.0	2.1	31,565	15,825	15,740	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swiss	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,450	11,045	11,405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,705	9,040	9,665	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,600	2,540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,720	6,830	6,890	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,605	8,565	10,040	0.4	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,945	4,525	4,420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,305	4,030	4,275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	10	15	3.0	2.0	3.1	25,800	13,080	12,720	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,420	6,350	6,065	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,585	5,080	4,505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,105	5,985	6,125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,160	1,645	1,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,720	9,865	9,850	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,115	5,380	5,735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,620	1,375	1,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,730	9,465	10,260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.1	9,520	4,880	4,645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,370	1,715	1,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,380	5,155	5,225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,880	3,570	3,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,410	3,655	3,760	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,680	2,280	2,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,615	4,495	4,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,715	3,340	3,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,155	1,505	1,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,640	2,425	2,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,595	2,300	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,670	3,725	2,945	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,935	2,065	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,525	3,435	3,090	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,300	680	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,000	2,340	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,600	7,585	7,015	0.3	0.4	0.3
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	930	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,525	5,200	5,320	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,430	3,470	3,965	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,310	8,160	8,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,630	1,510	2,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,725	2,385	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,055	3,475	3,580	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,445	3,460	3,980	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,800	3,120	2,680	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,670	1,735	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	820	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	995	1,220	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,670	2,635	3,035	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,400	4,055	4,345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,395	4,275	4,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,425	2,365	2,060	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,350	3,765	3,590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	1,815	1,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,590	1,280	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,505	6,620	6,875	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,735	2,690	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,670	1,270	1,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,895	4,535	4,360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,535	2,235	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	550	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,240	1,810	1,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	800	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	440	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,860	1,935	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,220	2,505	2,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	790	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,210	2,140	2,070	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,010	5,580	5,430	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,605	1,305	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,920	995	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	1,020	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	3,925	4,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,490	1,205	1,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,600	13,605	12,990	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,015	2,025	1,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	835	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,085	1,990	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	440	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,640	1,890	1,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,125	985	1,140	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,170	2,065	2,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,240	2,015	2,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,920	1,450	1,470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,190	1,090	1,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,205	1,060	1,140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,395	1,185	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,640	1,660	1,985	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,460	1,225	1,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,045	2,785	3,255	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,525	1,205	1,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,405	1,230	1,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	965	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	465	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	190	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,030	1,030	1,000	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,640	1,280	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,290	1,180	1,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,155	2,040	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,875	1,445	1,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,125	1,070	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	650	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,535	1,240	2,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	525	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,655	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,245	2,750	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,310	1,120	1,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,220	2,020	2,200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,115	5,290	5,830	0.3	0.3	0.3
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,070	1,065	1,005	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,360	645	710	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,175	1,630	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,225	2,690	2,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	770	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,640	1,205	1,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,360	2,660	2,705	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	470	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,150	1,935	2,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,200	1,080	1,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	330	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,715	1,400	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	330	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,990	910	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	240	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	575	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,075	2,745	2,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,780	895	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	450	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,710	1,315	1,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	200	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	575	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	845	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	305	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	860	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	245	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,705	900	800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	140	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	590	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,405	710	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	395	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	1,030	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	460	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	740	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	250	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	215	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	500	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	185	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	715	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,785	855	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	295	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	440	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	455	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,300	1,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	535	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,690	805	885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	185	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,595	780	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,745	2,025	1,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	775	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	620	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	235	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	400	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	410	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,535	1,145	1,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	190	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,295	1,120	1,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	190	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	235	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	280	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	160	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	310	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	305	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	290	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	575	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	340	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	560	560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	625	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,755	925	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	125	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	985	505	485	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,830	19,140	23,690	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	525	285	240	53.3	56.4	49.5	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385	48.1	45.6	50.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	45	35	15	4.6	6.9	3.1	429,375	207,320	222,055	10.3	9.9	10.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,035	10,075	9,960	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anglican	75	45	35	7.6	8.9	7.2	95,560	43,925	51,635	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baptist	75	35	45	7.6	6.9	9.3	44,605	20,650	23,955	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catholic	130	60	75	13.2	11.9	15.5	833,025	399,750	433,275	19.9	19.1	20.7
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	63,775	30,995	32,775	1.5	1.5	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,185	7,955	10,235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,125	22,540	24,580	1.1	1.1	1.2
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,925	36,470	42,455	1.9	1.7	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,640	4,400	5,240	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	20	10	0	2.0	2.0	0.0	53,900	25,250	28,655	1.3	1.2	1.4
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,850	10,360	12,495	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,735	7,310	7,430	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	150	90	65	15.2	17.8	13.4	153,820	67,205	86,615	3.7	3.2	4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	124,265	58,235	66,030	3.0	2.8	3.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,520	40,435	38,085	1.9	1.9	1.8
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,390	5,475	5,915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	202,535	103,635	98,900	4.8	5.0	4.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	103,600	52,505	51,100	2.5	2.5	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,755	9,640	10,120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,220	14,325	18,905	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	455	215	240	46.2	42.6	49.5	1,676,045	890,645	785,400	40.1	42.7	37.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	975	500	470	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	890	450	440	91.3	90.0	93.6	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695	86.7	86.9	86.6
Movers	85	55	35	8.7	11.0	7.4	548,535	271,400	277,130	13.3	13.1	13.4
Non-migrants	10	10	0	1.0	2.0	0.0	367,325	182,230	185,100	8.9	8.8	9.0
Migrants	80	45	35	8.2	9.0	7.4	181,205	89,170	92,035	4.4	4.3	4.5
Internal migrants	80	45	35	8.2	9.0	7.4	152,655	75,275	77,380	3.7	3.6	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	55	35	25	5.6	7.0	5.3	107,180	52,880	54,295	2.6	2.6	2.6
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	2.1	2.0	2.1	45,475	22,390	23,090	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,555	13,900	14,650	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	960	500	460	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	695	375	320	72.4	75.0	69.6	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590	58.9	59.1	58.7
Movers	265	125	140	27.6	25.0	30.4	1,615,755	802,340	813,415	41.1	40.9	41.3
Non-migrants	20	15	0	2.1	3.0	0.0	854,765	427,660	427,105	21.7	21.8	21.7
Migrants	250	110	135	26.0	22.0	29.3	760,990	374,680	386,305	19.4	19.1	19.6
Internal migrants	240	105	135	25.0	21.0	29.3	596,980	295,120	301,860	15.2	15.0	15.3
Intraprovincial migrants	160	65	95	16.7	13.0	20.7	431,785	213,950	217,830	11.0	10.9	11.1
Interprovincial migrants	80	40	40	8.3	8.0	8.7	165,195	81,160	84,035	4.2	4.1	4.3
External migrants	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0	164,015	79,565	84,445	4.2	4.1	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	840	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	200	130	75	23.8	30.6	18.1	595,665	322,765	272,900	17.6	19.3	16.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	640	300	340	76.2	70.6	81.9	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375	82.4	80.7	83.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	240	210	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	30	15	11.0	12.5	7.1	274,480	156,485	117,990	11.9	13.7	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	405	210	195	89.0	87.5	92.9	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390	88.1	86.3	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	835	425	415	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	165	95	70	19.8	22.4	16.9	522,835	275,555	247,275	15.5	16.4	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	230	125	105	27.5	29.4	25.3	972,110	482,900	489,215	28.8	28.8	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	440	205	240	52.7	48.2	57.8	1,880,185	917,400	962,790	55.7	54.7	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	315	160	155	37.7	37.6	37.3	1,014,810	524,770	490,045	30.1	31.3	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	115	85	30	13.8	20.0	7.2	295,285	232,120	63,165	8.7	13.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	65	45	20	7.8	10.6	4.8	87,195	51,295	35,900	2.6	3.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	45	0	6.0	10.6	0.0	208,090	180,830	27,260	6.2	10.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	190	70	125	22.8	16.5	30.1	612,690	250,540	362,145	18.2	14.9	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0	106,840	42,105	64,735	3.2	2.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	45	80	15.0	10.6	19.3	865,370	392,625	472,745	25.6	23.4	27.8
Bachelor's degree	95	30	60	11.4	7.1	14.5	605,025	265,105	339,925	17.9	15.8	20.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,915	19,815	25,100	1.3	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0	23,880	12,100	11,775	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	25	0	25	3.0	0.0	6.0	164,245	79,220	85,025	4.9	4.7	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,315	16,385	10,920	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	240	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	7.7	8.3	7.0	227,880	126,960	100,920	9.9	11.1	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	90	30	26.4	37.5	14.0	581,820	298,415	283,405	25.3	26.1	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	130	165	65.9	54.2	76.7	1,488,465	716,410	772,060	64.8	62.7	66.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	100	110	46.2	41.7	51.2	774,420	401,065	373,355	33.7	35.1	32.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	60	20	16.5	25.0	9.3	220,930	175,185	45,745	9.6	15.3	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	30	15	9.9	12.5	7.0	61,815	37,400	24,415	2.7	3.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	5.5	10.4	0.0	159,110	137,785	21,330	6.9	12.1	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	40	90	27.5	16.7	41.9	472,155	193,510	278,645	20.5	16.9	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	81,335	32,370	48,965	3.5	2.8	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	30	55	18.7	12.5	25.6	714,040	315,340	398,700	31.1	27.6	34.5
Bachelor's degree	70	20	50	15.4	8.3	23.3	497,885	213,625	284,260	21.7	18.7	24.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,125	15,110	20,020	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	2.2	4.2	0.0	20,045	9,435	10,615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.7	139,935	65,290	74,645	6.1	5.7	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,050	11,880	9,165	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	835	425	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	395	220	175	47.3	51.8	42.7	1,494,945	758,460	736,490	44.3	45.3	43.3
Education	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	129,710	30,305	99,400	3.8	1.8	5.8
13. Education	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	129,710	30,305	99,400	3.8	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	49,820	20,045	29,775	1.5	1.2	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,805	4,125	1,675	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	44,015	15,915	28,100	1.3	0.9	1.7
Humanities	40	20	15	4.8	4.7	3.7	75,030	29,415	45,615	2.2	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,385	1,545	5,845	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.4	15,425	4,255	11,170	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,015	8,710	15,315	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	400	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,555	3,090	2,465	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,680	6,855	4,830	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	15	10	0	1.8	2.4	0.0	8,065	4,165	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	400	1,335	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	25	3.6	0.0	6.1	177,435	57,365	120,070	5.3	3.4	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,750	620	2,130	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,730	8,340	13,395	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4	29,220	2,090	27,125	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,215	10,250	20,965	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,045	1,025	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,925	7,565	24,355	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4	57,565	27,475	30,085	1.7	1.6	1.8
Business, management and public administration	55	0	55	6.6	0.0	13.4	390,110	151,140	238,975	11.6	9.0	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	160	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,375	4,465	18,910	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	0	45	6.6	0.0	11.0	366,120	146,520	219,605	10.8	8.7	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.7	80,425	40,180	40,245	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4	29,505	11,950	17,555	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,630	8,340	10,295	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	400	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,315	17,555	8,760	0.8	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,860	1,930	2,930	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	71,380	45,230	26,150	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15	2.4	2.4	3.7	58,030	39,530	18,500	1.7	2.4	1.1
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,400	600	3,800	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,770	4,330	3,435	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,190	765	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	95	10	12.0	22.4	2.4	461,075	411,075	49,995	13.7	24.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,095	7,465	4,625	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	114,735	92,365	22,370	3.4	5.5	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	1.8	3.5	0.0	106,575	91,350	15,225	3.2	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	3.0	5.9	0.0	95,890	92,650	3,240	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35	30	0	4.2	7.1	0.0	82,805	80,150	2,655	2.5	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	20	20	0	2.4	4.7	0.0	48,925	47,075	1,850	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40	25	15	4.8	5.9	3.7	51,710	28,660	23,055	1.5	1.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	15	15	3.0	3.5	3.7	35,010	19,075	15,935	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	1.8	2.4	0.0	16,700	9,575	7,120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	45	10	35	5.4	2.4	8.5	295,415	56,225	239,190	8.8	3.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,505	9,625	10,885	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	35	4.8	2.4	8.5	267,750	42,785	224,965	7.9	2.6	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	180	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,680	3,635	3,050	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	55	25	30	6.6	5.9	7.3	97,660	47,575	50,075	2.9	2.8	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	25	3.0	0.0	6.1	57,430	15,580	41,845	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	335	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	605	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0	19,025	12,445	6,580	0.6	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	1.8	3.5	0.0	20,125	18,615	1,520	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	190	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	455	240	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	160	110	45	35.2	45.8	20.9	809,700	425,375	384,325	35.2	37.3	33.2
Education	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	92,240	19,980	72,255	4.0	1.7	6.2
13. Education	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	92,240	19,980	72,255	4.0	1.7	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,730	15,620	24,110	1.7	1.4	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,065	2,750	1,315	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,665	12,875	22,790	1.6	1.1	2.0
Humanities	30	15	15	6.6	6.3	7.0	58,200	22,205	35,990	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,945	1,210	4,740	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.7	12,145	3,310	8,825	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,305	6,800	12,500	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	295	590	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,385	2,430	1,950	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,135	4,740	3,395	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,205	3,160	3,040	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,190	250	940	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	20	4.4	0.0	9.3	146,530	45,555	100,975	6.4	4.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,315	515	1,800	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,890	6,940	11,950	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,325	1,630	21,690	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,940	7,730	18,210	1.1	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	825	1,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,775	5,750	20,025	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	47,735	22,165	25,570	2.1	1.9	2.2
Business, management and public administration	45	0	45	9.9	0.0	20.9	317,125	121,510	195,615	13.8	10.6	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	135	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,680	3,200	15,480	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	0	40	8.8	0.0	18.6	297,995	118,175	179,820	13.0	10.4	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.7	61,555	29,465	32,090	2.7	2.6	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,290	9,185	14,105	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,260	6,255	8,010	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	315	580	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,655	12,320	7,335	0.9	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,445	1,385	2,055	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	15	3.3	0.0	7.0	61,125	39,035	22,085	2.7	3.4	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	15	3.3	0.0	7.0	51,435	34,910	16,530	2.2	3.1	1.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,945	460	2,490	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,775	3,080	2,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	590	370	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	60	10	14.3	25.0	4.7	362,315	318,170	44,135	15.8	27.9	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,600	5,585	4,020	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95,200	75,075	20,125	4.1	6.6	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	84,485	71,240	13,245	3.7	6.2	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	3.3	6.3	0.0	73,955	71,080	2,875	3.2	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	25	0	6.6	10.4	0.0	61,780	59,485	2,290	2.7	5.2	0.2
48. Precision production	15	15	0	3.3	6.3	0.0	37,260	35,705	1,555	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	25	10	7.7	10.4	4.7	40,085	20,610	19,475	1.7	1.8	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	20	15	10	4.4	6.3	4.7	26,160	12,965	13,205	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	3.3	4.2	0.0	13,925	7,650	6,275	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	25	10	15	5.5	4.2	7.0	232,820	45,895	186,920	10.1	4.0	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,345	7,640	8,705	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	10	15	3.3	4.2	7.0	210,650	35,325	175,320	9.2	3.1	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	145	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,430	2,785	2,645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	25	25	9.9	10.4	11.6	76,410	38,205	38,205	3.3	3.3	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	20	4.4	0.0	9.3	43,535	12,080	31,455	1.9	1.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	275	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	390	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0	15,885	10,385	5,505	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	4.4	8.3	0.0	16,245	15,080	1,165	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	455	240	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	110	45	35.2	45.8	20.9	809,700	425,375	384,325	35.2	37.3	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	295	135	170	64.8	56.3	79.1	1,488,465	716,405	772,060	64.8	62.7	66.8
Location of study inside Canada	285	125	160	62.6	52.1	74.4	1,157,790	563,035	594,750	50.4	49.3	51.4
Same as province or territory of residence	145	70	80	31.9	29.2	37.2	886,080	429,870	456,210	38.6	37.6	39.5
Different than province or territory of residence	145	55	80	31.9	22.9	37.2	271,710	133,165	138,545	11.8	11.7	12.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10	10	0	2.2	4.2	0.0	330,675	153,370	177,305	14.4	13.4	15.3
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,515	26,775	27,740	2.4	2.3	2.4
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,460	17,900	16,555	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,820	2,255	2,565	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	300	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	125	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,470	665	805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,480	1,000	1,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,200	1,335	1,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	220	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,395	995	1,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,235	1,975	2,265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,920	28,570	26,350	2.4	2.5	2.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	320	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,045	960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,195	1,670	1,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,215	890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	515	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	310	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	445	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,350	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,790	1,455	1,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,450	1,515	1,935	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,305	1,940	2,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	1,115	750	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,280	11,190	9,090	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	375	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	360	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,550	3,385	3,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,775	13,770	13,005	1.2	1.2	1.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,795	3,825	3,970	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	345	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,085	615	475	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	305	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,230	1,665	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,660	1,885	1,770	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,830	5,130	4,700	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	188,060	80,750	107,315	8.2	7.1	9.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,440	1,605	1,835	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,435	730	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	350	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	695	805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	700	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	540	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,320	7,525	9,795	0.8	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	960	245	715	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,245	425	820	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	530	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,990	2,990	4,000	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	74,205	29,080	45,130	3.2	2.5	3.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	545	955	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,470	990	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	685	595	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,120	24,905	27,215	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,355	4,710	5,645	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,390	3,510	4,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,410	3,505	2,905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,880	2,560	2,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	680	425	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	265	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	835	425	415	...	...	...	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280	...	...	...
In the labour force	505	280	230	...	...	...	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425	...	...	...
Employed	460	250	210	...	...	...	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135	...	...	...
Unemployed	45	30	15	...	...	...	264,650	138,365	126,290	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	330	145	185	...	...	...	1,079,750	459,900	619,845	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.5	65.9	55.4	60.5	65.9	55.4	68.0	72.6	63.5	68.0	72.6	63.5
Employment rate	55.1	58.8	50.6	55.1	58.8	50.6	60.2	64.3	56.1	60.2	64.3	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.9	10.7	6.5	8.9	10.7	6.5	11.5	11.4	11.7	11.5	11.4	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	835	425	410	100.0	100.0	100.0	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	340	160	180	40.7	37.6	43.9	1,140,745	497,150	643,595	33.8	29.7	37.9
Worked	500	270	235	59.9	63.5	57.3	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680	66.2	70.3	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	300	180	120	35.9	42.4	29.3	1,164,455	670,620	493,835	34.5	40.0	29.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	205	95	115	24.6	22.4	28.0	1,069,930	508,085	561,840	31.7	30.3	33.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.6	40.8	41.7	42.6	40.8	40.8	41.5	39.9	40.8	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	505	285	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.0	3.5	0.0	70,455	34,850	35,605	3.1	2.9	3.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	495	275	225	98.0	96.5	100.0	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	96.9	97.1	96.7
Employee	395	205	195	78.2	71.9	86.7	1,876,950	967,450	909,500	81.8	79.6	84.3
Permanent position	320	155	165	63.4	54.4	73.3	1,560,435	814,805	745,625	68.0	67.0	69.1
Temporary position	80	45	30	15.8	15.8	13.3	316,520	152,640	163,880	13.8	12.6	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,610	44,060	53,555	4.3	3.6	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	75	45	30	14.9	15.8	13.3	218,905	108,585	110,320	9.5	8.9	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	105	65	35	20.8	22.8	15.6	347,975	213,655	134,320	15.2	17.6	12.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	505	285	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.0	3.5	0.0	70,455	34,850	35,605	3.1	2.9	3.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	495	275	225	98.0	96.5	100.0	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	96.9	97.1	96.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,120	16,455	6,665	1.0	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	30	45	13.9	10.5	20.0	373,795	110,275	263,520	16.3	9.1	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	10	4.0	3.5	4.4	182,880	140,540	42,340	8.0	11.6	3.9
3 Health occupations	35	10	25	6.9	3.5	11.1	182,480	34,585	147,895	7.9	2.8	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	20	35	11.9	7.0	15.6	246,625	82,115	164,510	10.7	6.8	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	15	5.0	5.3	6.7	51,815	21,140	30,675	2.3	1.7	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	120	55	65	23.8	19.3	28.9	538,930	232,640	306,285	23.5	19.1	28.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	80	80	0	15.8	28.1	0.0	441,955	399,605	42,345	19.3	32.9	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	45	15	11.9	15.8	6.7	99,430	77,250	22,180	4.3	6.4	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	10	10	5.0	3.5	4.4	83,895	66,480	17,415	3.7	5.5	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	505	285	225	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	2.0	3.5	0.0	70,455	34,850	35,605	3.1	2.9	3.3
All industries¹⁹¹	495	275	225	98.0	96.5	100.0	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820	96.9	97.1	96.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	45	20	12.9	15.8	8.9	63,965	42,305	21,665	2.8	3.5	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	112,890	88,690	24,200	4.9	7.3	2.2
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,630	15,900	6,735	1.0	1.3	0.6
23 Construction	25	25	0	5.0	8.8	0.0	210,350	177,845	32,505	9.2	14.6	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	4.0	7.0	0.0	118,890	88,735	30,155	5.2	7.3	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	25	15	15	5.0	5.3	6.7	71,580	50,655	20,930	3.1	4.2	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	50	35	15	9.9	12.3	6.7	253,030	117,605	135,425	11.0	9.7	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	3.0	5.3	0.0	128,410	96,000	32,410	5.6	7.9	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,680	16,625	12,055	1.2	1.4	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	4.4	68,355	27,225	41,135	3.0	2.2	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,400	21,625	17,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	0	15	4.0	0.0	6.7	177,895	99,055	78,840	7.8	8.1	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,420	2,075	2,345	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	0	4.0	3.5	0.0	91,750	51,325	40,430	4.0	4.2	3.7
61 Educational services	35	10	20	6.9	3.5	8.9	149,170	43,775	105,400	6.5	3.6	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	60	20	40	11.9	7.0	17.8	285,090	51,930	233,155	12.4	4.3	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	0	4.0	3.5	0.0	42,685	20,880	21,805	1.9	1.7	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	40	15	20	7.9	5.3	8.9	132,930	57,280	75,650	5.8	4.7	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	15	10	5.0	5.3	4.4	104,530	50,355	54,175	4.6	4.1	5.0
91 Public administration	60	25	35	11.9	8.8	15.6	118,270	61,230	57,040	5.2	5.0	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	545	295	250	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	500	275	225	91.7	93.2	90.0	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975	95.8	96.1	95.5
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,840	1,145	2,695	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,015	7,470	6,545	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,770	7,330	6,440	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	35	10	25	6.4	3.4	10.0	20,015	8,200	11,815	0.8	0.6	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,830	31,865	29,965	2.6	2.5	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	765	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	475	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	545	295	250	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	540	295	245	99.1	100.0	98.0	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	535	290	245	98.2	98.3	98.0	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135	98.3	98.3	98.3
English	535	290	245	98.2	98.3	98.0	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165	98.0	98.2	97.9
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,900	1,930	4,970	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,965	13,980	11,990	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	425	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	400	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	355	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	355	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	295	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,200	13,555	11,650	1.0	1.1	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	535	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	450	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	315	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	500	805	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	480	795	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	540	620	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	490	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,180	7,175	5,010	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	300	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	300	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	90	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	100	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,025	1,985	1,045	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,555	970	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,540	965	575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	995	455	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	245	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	695	330	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,660	3,440	2,220	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,435	3,340	2,100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	150	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,630	2,975	1,655	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	125	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,660	1,415	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	75	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,275	1,145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	70	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	630	620	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,340	3,725	3,615	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,295	3,700	3,605	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,105	1,570	1,535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,145	2,095	2,050	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	65	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	115	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	115	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,630	7,530	7,100	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,105	1,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,695	6,245	5,440	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	545	295	250	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	505	275	225	92.7	93.2	90.0	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590	97.1	97.3	96.8
English	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,200	6,355	6,840	0.5	0.5	0.6
French	35	10	20	6.4	3.4	8.0	14,630	6,410	8,215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,335	18,310	18,025	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,125	865	1,255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,210	17,445	16,765	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	540	540	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	565	560	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,335	2,420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	465	250	215	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	140	60	80	30.1	24.0	37.2	446,315	211,420	234,900	22.0	19.6	24.6
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,430	4,105	1,330	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	55	35	25	11.8	14.0	11.6	319,675	242,835	76,845	15.7	22.5	8.1
Usual place of work	265	155	110	57.0	62.0	51.2	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	62.0	57.5	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	265	155	110	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,259,305	619,240	640,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	55	30	30	20.8	19.4	27.3	902,040	419,240	482,800	71.6	67.7	75.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	145	70	65	54.7	45.2	59.1	292,360	157,820	134,535	23.2	25.5	21.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,590	34,120	18,470	4.2	5.5	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	60	50	10	22.6	32.3	9.1	12,315	8,060	4,260	1.0	1.3	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	320	190	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	300	175	125	93.8	92.1	96.2	1,378,685	765,905	612,775	87.3	88.8	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	285	170	115	89.1	89.5	88.5	1,287,940	730,925	557,015	81.6	84.8	77.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	3.1	0.0	7.7	90,740	34,980	55,760	5.7	4.1	7.8
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	88,255	39,915	48,345	5.6	4.6	6.7
Walked	15	10	0	4.7	5.3	0.0	62,810	27,445	35,360	4.0	3.2	4.9
Bicycle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,370	7,975	3,395	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,865	20,820	17,040	2.4	2.4	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	320	190	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	95	55	40	29.7	28.9	30.8	487,710	225,360	262,355	30.9	26.1	36.6
15 to 29 minutes	120	60	60	37.5	31.6	46.2	610,485	333,105	277,385	38.7	38.6	38.7
30 to 44 minutes	65	50	20	20.3	26.3	15.4	302,735	184,370	118,365	19.2	21.4	16.5
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	4.7	5.3	0.0	87,230	55,475	31,755	5.5	6.4	4.4
60 minutes and over	25	15	10	7.8	7.9	7.7	90,815	63,765	27,050	5.8	7.4	3.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	320	190	130	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,578,980	862,070	716,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	15	10	7.8	7.9	7.7	116,400	88,060	28,340	7.4	10.2	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	15	30	15.6	7.9	23.1	296,930	194,765	102,165	18.8	22.6	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	100	70	30	31.3	36.8	23.1	424,170	228,535	195,630	26.9	26.5	27.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70	50	20	21.9	26.3	15.4	299,145	134,910	164,240	18.9	15.6	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	0	10	6.3	0.0	7.7	195,835	83,185	112,655	12.4	9.6	15.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	65	40	25	20.3	21.1	19.2	246,495	132,620	113,880	15.6	15.4	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	180	95	85	100.0	100.0	100.0	971,390	499,245	472,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	5	11.1	15.8	5.9	67,140	34,000	33,140	6.9	6.8	7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	85	75	88.9	89.5	88.2	904,245	465,240	439,005	93.1	93.2	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	145	80	65	100.0	100.0	100.0	704,490	362,400	342,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	10.3	12.5	7.7	49,735	25,180	24,555	7.1	6.9	7.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	5	6.9	0.0	7.7	24,675	12,010	12,665	3.5	3.3	3.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	10	0	6.9	12.5	0.0	25,055	13,170	11,890	3.6	3.6	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	75	60	89.7	93.8	92.3	654,755	337,220	317,530	92.9	93.1	92.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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