Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24660368More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	800	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	273	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	268	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	14,311.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	800	390	410
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	205	115	95
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	65	35	30
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	70	40	30
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	70	40	35
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	490	235	255
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	50	25	30
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	50	25	20
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	35	15	25
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	40	20	20
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	45	20	25
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	65	30	40
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	65	35	35
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	45	25	20
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	50	25	20
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	45	20	25
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	105	45	60
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	25	15	10
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	15	5	5
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	20	5	15
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	20	5	10
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	20	10	10
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	15	5	5
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0
100 years and over	465	90	375	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	25.6	29.5	23.2
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	61.3	60.3	62.2
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	13.1	11.5	14.6
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	36.4	35.2	37.6
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	36.8	35.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	270	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	75	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	180	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	270	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	55	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	50	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	800	390	410
Average household size	2.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	595	280	315
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	300	150	150
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	260	130	130
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	45	25	25
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	30	15	15
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	10	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	290	130	160
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	190	95	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	55	20	35
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	35	10	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	210	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	40	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	210	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	145	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	125	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	95	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	65	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	800	390	410
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	700	345	360
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	285	145	145
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	65	15	55
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	345	185	160
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	230	130	105
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	115	60	60
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	100	45	55
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	55	25	30
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	25	10	20
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	20	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	265	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	180	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	95	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	30	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	55	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	55	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	590	280	315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	555	265	295
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	29,800	30,600	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	555	265	295
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	28,400	28,400	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	440	215	225
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	18,400	23,800	16,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	345	180	165
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	22,600	25,000	19,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	530	240	285
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	12,500	9,900	15,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	80	30	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,480	4,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	235	110	120
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	600	300	300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	570	290	280
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	34,400	36,400	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	570	290	280
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	30,600	31,400	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	450	240	210
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	26,100	31,000	20,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	375	215	160
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	27,000	29,400	24,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	535	260	275
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	14,350	11,100	17,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	110	45	65
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	8,200	6,200	9,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	235	130	110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	8,900	9,200	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	600	300	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	145	95	50
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	36,400	40,800	36,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	45,000	48,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	175	85	95
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	15,600	16,600	14,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	17,200	18,000	16,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	60.4	72.0	47.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	51.6	60.0	42.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	39.6	28.0	53.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	4.6	2.8	6.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	12.5	12.2	12.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	10.8	11.2	10.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	595	280	315
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	35	20	15
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	555	260	295
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	70	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	80	30	45
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	130	60	70
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	100	55	50
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	80	30	45
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	40	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	30	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	10	0	0
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	5	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	5	0	0
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	595	280	315
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	35	20	15
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	555	260	295
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	70	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	85	35	50
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	155	75	75
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	105	55	50
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	75	25	45
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	10	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	595	280	315
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	250	100	150
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	345	180	165
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	55	30	25
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	35	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	70	30	40
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	55	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	50	30	20
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	30	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	20	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	590	280	315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	540	250	295
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	26,200	26,400	25,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	540	250	295
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	24,600	24,800	24,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	425	210	220
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	22,000	24,000	19,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	350	180	170
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	23,800	25,600	21,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	490	220	270
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	8,200	3,320	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	60	25	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	4,880	3,640	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	600	300	300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	560	280	285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	30,600	34,000	27,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	560	280	285
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	27,700	30,000	25,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	465	250	215
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	26,700	31,400	21,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	390	215	170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	27,800	30,800	24,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	505	235	270
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	9,520	6,700	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	60	25	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	5,600	5,200	5,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	600	300	295
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	145	95	50
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	36,800	37,200	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	44,000	46,000	40,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	160	70	95
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	20,800	25,600	16,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	22,600	27,000	19,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	72.5	84.0	59.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	62.8	70.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	27.8	16.4	41.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.9	1.6	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	270	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	29,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	28,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	30,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	28,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	225	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	270	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	270	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	45,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	75	35	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	30,800	37,200	25,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	28,800	32,400	25,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	115	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	55	20	35
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	32,000	40,000	26,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	30,000	36,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	800	390	410
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	245	130	110
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	80	45	35
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	455	220	245
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	105	45	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	175	80	95
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	60	35	25
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	90	35	55
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	25	5	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	22.2	20.8	23.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	26.0	26.0	26.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	20.0	24.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	19.2	17.0	21.0
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	26.0	20.0	32.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	800	390	410
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	240	130	115
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	75	40	35
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	455	215	240
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	100	45	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	95	45	50
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	40	20	20
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	10	10	5
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	45	20	30
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	11.8	10.8	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	16.0	16.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	14.0	12.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	10.4	9.5	12.0
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	6.0	x	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	800	390	410
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	685	335	350
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	140	55	80
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	150	75	75
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	165	85	80
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	140	65	75
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	90	50	45
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	115	55	60
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	60	35	30
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	30	15	15
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	15	0	10
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	0	0	0
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	800	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.246	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.216	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	800	390	410
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	45	25	15
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	395	185	210
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	320	160	160
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	40	20	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	800	390	410
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	95	55	45
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	575	270	300
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	90	45	40
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	40	20	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	800	390	410
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	745	360	380
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	230	120	110
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	30	15	10
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	195	100	95
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	515	245	270
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	0	0	0
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	515	245	270
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	150	80	65
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	40	20	15
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	40	20	15
Tamazight	985	570	415	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	0	0	0
Chadic languages	335	180	160	0	0	0
Hausa	175	100	70	0	0	0
Mina	165	80	90	0	0	0
Coptic	165	90	75	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	0	0	0
Bilen	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	735	345	390	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	110	55	50
Amharic	495	235	255	0	0	0
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	110	55	50
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	705	360	340	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	85	30	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	55	20	30
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	30	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	0	0	0
Bikol	85	40	50	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	0	0	0
Cebuano	680	250	430	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	0	0	0
Indonesian	405	165	240	0	0	0
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	0	0	0
Merina	285	120	160	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0	0	0
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	0	0	0
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	25	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	910	440	470	0	0	0
Sango	50	25	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	0	0	0
Kannada	225	140	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	0	0	0
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	0	0	0
Telugu	1,350	915	430	0	0	0
Tulu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	105	45	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	205	100	110
Albanian	1,795	885	910	0	0	0
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	10	5	0
Baltic languages	315	125	195	0	0	0
Latvian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Lithuanian	205	70	140	0	0	0
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	10	5	0
Belarusian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	0	0	0
Czech	555	255	300	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	0	0	0
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	0	0	0
Rusyn	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0
Bosnian	340	170	175	0	0	0
Croatian	865	415	450	0	0	0
Serbian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	345	130	220	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0	0	0
Irish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	15	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	0	0	0
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	235	125	110	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	0	0	0
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0	0	0
Dutch	740	390	345	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	0	0	0
Danish	150	70	80	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Swedish	230	120	110	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	15	10	10
Assamese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	0	0	0
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	0	0	0
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	0	0	0
Kacchi	90	40	45	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	15	5	0	0	0
Konkani	55	35	20	0	0	0
Marathi	345	200	145	0	0	0
Nepali	330	170	160	0	0	0
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	30	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	0	0	0
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	0	0	0
Baluchi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	435	245	190	0	0	0
Parsi	25	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	975	525	450	0	0	0
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	0	0	0
Dari	1,085	520	565	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	190	90	95
Catalan	190	90	95	0	0	0
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	55	25	30
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	15	10	0
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	0	0	0
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	120	55	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	0	0	0
Mongolian	100	35	65	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	0	0	0
Bamanankan	665	360	310	0	0	0
Edo	60	25	35	0	0	0
Éwé	330	185	150	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	5	5	0
Ga	45	25	20	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	90	55	35	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	0	0	0
Lingala	1,680	750	930	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	0	0	0
Mòoré	150	85	70	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	30	15	20	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	0	0	0
Shona	80	40	40	0	0	0
Soninke	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	795	385	400	0	0	0
Wojenaka	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	1,495	800	690	0	0	0
Yoruba	625	325	295	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	275	140	135	0	0	0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	15	5	10
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	15	5	10
Hakka	210	85	125	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	5	0	5
Min Dong	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	10	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	0	0	0
Burmese	45	15	30	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	30	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	10	5	5
Lao	1,280	615	665	10	5	5
Thai	405	115	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	10	5	5
Uyghur	140	65	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	0	0	0
Estonian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Finnish	140	55	85	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	60	30	25
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	800	390	410
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	30	15	15
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	225	110	115
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	175	80	100
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	175	80	100
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	40	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	210	105	105
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	75	35	40
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	800	390	410
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	675	330	345
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	380	185	200
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	55	30	25
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	325	155	170
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	290	140	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	290	140	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	60	30	25
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	15	10	5
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	15	10	5
Tamazight	360	195	165	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0	0	0
Chadic languages	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	80	45	45	0	0	0
Mina	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	120	65	60	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	0	0	0
Bilen	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	345	160	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	45	25	20
Amharic	240	115	125	0	0	0
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	45	25	20
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	715	375	335	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	445	230	215	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	50	15	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	25	10	15
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	25	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	0	0	0
Bikol	35	15	15	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0	0	0
Cebuano	425	180	250	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	0	0	0
Ilocano	960	415	545	0	0	0
Indonesian	170	85	90	0	0	0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	0	0	0
Merina	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	0	0	0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	15	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	475	225	250	0	0	0
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	0	0	0
Kannada	115	65	50	0	0	0
Malayalam	970	520	445	0	0	0
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Telugu	820	550	275	0	0	0
Tulu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	135	70	70
Albanian	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	10	5	0
Baltic languages	85	40	50	0	0	0
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	10	5	0
Belarusian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	0	0	0
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	0	0	0
Bosnian	170	80	90	0	0	0
Croatian	365	165	200	0	0	0
Serbian	645	320	325	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	70	30	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0
German	510	245	270	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dutch	105	55	50	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	5	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	10	5	5
Assamese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	0	0	0
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	0	0	0
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	160	90	70	0	0	0
Nepali	225	115	105	0	0	0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	0	0	0
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	220	120	105	0	0	0
Parsi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	750	405	350	0	0	0
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	0	0	0
Dari	675	320	355	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	120	60	60
Catalan	75	30	40	0	0	0
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	30	10	15
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	15	10	0
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	0	0	0
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	80	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	705	285	425	0	0	0
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	0	0	0
Mongolian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	0	0	0
Bamanankan	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	85	45	40	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	5
Ga	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	0	0	0
Lingala	570	255	320	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	0	0	0
Shona	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	290	155	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	600	325	275	0	0	0
Yoruba	180	85	90	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	515	300	220	0	0	0
American Sign Language	90	45	40	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	10	5	5
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	10	5	5
Hakka	75	35	35	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	0	0	0
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	0	0	0
Lao	715	350	370	0	0	0
Thai	150	60	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0	0	0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	5	0	0
Uyghur	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	695	285	415	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	675	275	400	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	130	60	65
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	10	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	85	40	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	800	390	410
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	520	245	270
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	45	20	25
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	90	50	40
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	100	50	55
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	100	50	55
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	830	430	395
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	775	400	365
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	310	155	155
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	740	385	360
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	650	365	290
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	150	60	90	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	45	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	650	365	290
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	240	145	100
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	65	45	15
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	65	45	15
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	0	0	0
Hausa	575	370	210	0	0	0
Mina	625	290	340	0	0	0
Coptic	745	385	360	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	0	0	0
Bilen	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	225	125	100
Amharic	780	375	405	0	0	0
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	225	125	100
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	60	25	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	25	20	10
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	45	15	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	0	0	0
Bikol	175	65	110	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	0	0	0
Indonesian	805	365	440	0	0	0
Kankanaey	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	0	0	0
Merina	655	320	335	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	355	190	165	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	0	0	0
Pangasinan	120	55	65	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	0	0	0
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	45	20	25
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	45	20	25
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	0	0	0
Krio	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Sango	185	100	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	0	0	0
Kannada	540	325	215	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	0	0	0
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	0	0	0
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	0	0	0
Tulu	30	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	150	75	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	250	145	110
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	530	215	315	0	0	0
Latvian	190	85	105	0	0	0
Lithuanian	340	135	210	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	0	0	0
Belarusian	160	55	105	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0
Czech	990	455	535	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	80	135	0	0	0
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0
Bosnian	675	315	365	0	0	0
Croatian	1,515	775	740	0	0	0
Serbian	1,725	840	885	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0
Slovak	590	250	340	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	275	150	125	0	0	0
Irish	120	65	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Welsh	35	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	0	0	0
Frisian	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	0	0	0
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	300	120	175	0	0	0
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Afrikaans	205	95	105	0	0	0
Dutch	1,645	825	820	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	0	0	0
Danish	425	190	230	0	0	0
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	285	155	130	0	0	0
Swedish	820	445	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	0	0	0
Assamese	35	25	15	0	0	0
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	0	0	0
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	0	0	0
Kacchi	195	95	95	0	0	0
Kashmiri	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	155	95	60	0	0	0
Marathi	780	440	340	0	0	0
Nepali	485	270	220	0	0	0
Oriya languages	45	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	100	50	50	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	0	0	0
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	0	0	0
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	780	465	315	0	0	0
Parsi	80	35	40	0	0	0
Pashto	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	0	0	0
Dari	1,280	645	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	220	125	95
Catalan	715	400	315	0	0	0
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	80	35	45
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	0	0	0
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	115	65	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0
Mongolian	180	55	120	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	35	20	15
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	0	0	0
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	0	0	0
Edo	245	115	125	0	0	0
Éwé	865	505	360	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0
Ga	220	145	75	0	0	0
Ganda	75	40	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	45	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	485	280	205	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	0	0	0
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	0	0	0
Mòoré	620	340	280	0	0	0
Mwani	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	115	70	40	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0
Shona	245	150	95	0	0	0
Soninke	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	0	0	0
Dinka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0
American Sign Language	495	160	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	15	10	10
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	15	10	10
Hakka	335	170	160	0	0	0
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	0	0	0
Min Dong	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	0	0	0
Burmese	65	10	60	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0
Thai	1,085	390	695	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	60	35	25	0	0	0
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	0	0	0
Uyghur	205	95	110	0	0	0
Uzbek	140	85	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0
Estonian	85	35	50	0	0	0
Finnish	245	120	125	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	830	435	400
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	830	435	400
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	830	435	400
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	830	435	400
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	55	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	205	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	30	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	75	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	160	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	80	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	135	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	225	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	210	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	70	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	120	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	30	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	250	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	265	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	260	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	225	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	95	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	45	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	260	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	55	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	54.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,040	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	480,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	205	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	7.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	950	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	825	430	395
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	815	430	390
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	830	430	395
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	615	295	320
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	205	105	100
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	415	195	225
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	210	135	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	830	430	395
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	300	145	160
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	525	290	230
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	55	35	20
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	35	25	15
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	80	30	45
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	110	50	55
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	245	150	95
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	110	60	50
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	135	90	45
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	525	290	235
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	75	50	20
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	85	60	25
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	85	40	50
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	240	130	110
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	40	10	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	525	290	235
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	95	45	45
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	10	10	0
Guyana	1,350	660	690	0	0	0
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	35	15	15
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	0	0	0
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	40	10	30
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	70	30	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	0	0	0
Croatia	760	390	375	0	0	0
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	10	0	10
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0
Hungary	1,365	650	720	0	0	0
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	45	25	25
Netherlands	500	310	190	0	0	0
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	0	0	0
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	0	0	0
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	0	0	0
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	260	170	90
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	135	85	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0
Eritrea	495	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	660	305	355	0	0	0
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	40	20	25
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	0	0	0
Somalia	400	200	200	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	80	55	25
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	100	45	55
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	0	0	0
Iraq	1,610	890	725	0	0	0
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	0	0	0
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	0	0	0
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	35	0	25
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	0	0	0
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	15	15	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	135	90	45
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	0	0	0
Brazil	1,105	455	645	0	0	0
Colombia	1,260	575	685	0	0	0
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0
Jamaica	135	70	60	0	0	0
Mexico	1,320	690	625	0	0	0
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	0	0	0
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	0	0	0
Germany	235	130	105	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	420	260	160	0	0	0
Russian Federation	625	235	390	0	0	0
Ukraine	750	355	395	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	135	90	45
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	65	40	20
Burundi	715	385	335	0	0	0
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	0	0	0
Egypt	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Eritrea	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0
Nigeria	550	310	240	0	0	0
Somalia	40	25	20	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	55	40	10
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	0	0	0
Afghanistan	180	95	85	0	0	0
Bangladesh	960	465	495	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	0	0	0
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0
Iraq	245	145	100	0	0	0
Israel	145	90	60	0	0	0
Japan	185	55	130	0	0	0
Jordan	355	160	195	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	0	0	0
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	0	0	0
Nepal	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	0	0	0
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0
Turkey	520	295	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	0	0	0
Viet Nam	910	395	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	0	0	0
Australia	195	125	65	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	830	435	395
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	530	290	235
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	195	95	105
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	105	45	60
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	470	260	210
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	215	140	75
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	90	55	30
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	130	85	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	135	45	90
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	115	75	40
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	470	260	210
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	25	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	10	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	410	220	195
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	830	435	400
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	520	265	250
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	0	0	0
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	10	10	0
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	135	80	55
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	0	0	0
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	140	65	75
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	100	60	40
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	65	25	40
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	0	0	0
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	0	0	0
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	20	0	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	315	165	145
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	830	430	395
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	35	10	25
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	35	30	10
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	0	0	0
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	20	10	10
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	0	0	0
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	20	10	10
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	85	45	40
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	0	0	0
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	0	0	0
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	20	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	0	0	0
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	0	0	0
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	0	0	0
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	0	0	0
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	0	0	0
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	0	0	0
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	30	20	10
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	25	10	15
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	0	0	0
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	30	0	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	50	25	25
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	0	0	0
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	0	0	0
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	0	0	0
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	0	0	0
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	0	0	0
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0
Danish	1,820	845	970	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	0	0	0
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	55	25	25
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	0	0	0
Mennonite	385	195	195	0	0	0
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	0	0	0
Finnish	1,000	425	580	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	0	0	0
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	10	10	0
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0
Icelandic	345	205	145	0	0	0
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	15	0	10
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	60	30	25
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	0	0	0
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	0	0	0
Serbian	1,755	835	920	0	0	0
Ojibway	250	130	125	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	0	0	0
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	0	0	0
Ontarian	795	370	430	0	0	0
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	60	35	25
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	0	0	0
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0
Slovak	1,375	640	735	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0
Somali	1,155	550	610	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	0	0	0
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	40	25	10
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0
South African	465	220	245	0	0	0
Australian	830	405	425	0	0	0
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	0	0	0
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	0	0	0
Ethiopian	965	495	475	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	35	25	15
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	75	65	15
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0
Maltese	360	200	160	0	0	0
Macedonian	325	165	160	0	0	0
Slovenian	825	365	455	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	0	0	0
Gujarati	880	475	405	0	0	0
Eritrean	615	305	310	0	0	0
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	0	0	0
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	0	0	0
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0
Albertan	100	35	65	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	0	0	0
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0
African American	1,600	790	810	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	0	0	0
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	0	0	0
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0
Bosnian	510	245	270	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	0	0	0
Latvian	625	330	295	0	0	0
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	15	0	15
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	0	0	0
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	0	0	0
Northern Irish	310	160	150	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	0	0	0
British Columbian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0
Estonian	365	215	150	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	390	185	205	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	0	0	0
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0
Thai	1,150	395	755	0	0	0
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	20	0	15
Nepali	430	240	185	0	0	0
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0
Assyrian	345	150	200	0	0	0
Igbo	565	325	240	0	0	0
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	0	0	0
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	0	0	0
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	0	0	0
New Zealander	265	150	115	0	0	0
Sudanese	300	155	145	0	0	0
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0
Malaysian	375	205	165	0	0	0
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	690	295	400	0	0	0
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	0	0	0
Norman	1,850	905	940	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	0	0	0
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0
Saulteaux	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0
Tigrinya	370	210	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	0	0	0
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0
Kenyan	210	95	115	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0
Jordanian	770	430	340	0	0	0
Manitoban	110	45	60	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	0	0	0
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0
Grenadian	910	350	560	0	0	0
Malayali	335	185	150	0	0	0
Chaldean	110	40	75	0	0	0
Sinhalese	310	150	165	0	0	0
Mayan	1,695	900	795	0	0	0
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0
Cherokee	195	90	100	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	0	0	0
Flemish	520	265	255	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	0	0	0
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	0	0	0
Sicilian	970	495	470	0	0	0
Pashtun	475	245	220	0	0	0
Malay	300	135	165	0	0	0
Goan	115	55	60	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	0	0	0
Tibetan	135	65	70	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	0	0	0
Burmese	225	105	120	0	0	0
Mongolian	480	210	270	0	0	0
Azorean	730	310	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	325	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	0	0	0
Ugandan	100	55	50	0	0	0
Oromo	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	175	85	90	0	0	0
Yemeni	515	275	240	0	0	0
Central African	1,415	675	740	0	0	0
Libyan	590	320	270	0	0	0
Basque	980	515	465	0	0	0
Uruguayan	785	450	335	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	0	0	0
Igorot	290	105	185	0	0	0
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0
St. Lucian	255	100	155	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	200	70	135	0	0	0
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0
Telugu	180	125	55	0	0	0
Roma	235	110	125	0	0	0
Costa Rican	720	425	295	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	0	0	0
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	0	0	0
Kashmiri	75	40	30	0	0	0
Singaporean	75	55	15	0	0	0
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	290	130	155	0	0	0
Tajik	100	45	55	0	0	0
Amhara	95	45	45	0	0	0
Paraguayan	90	35	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	830	435	400
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	85	35	45
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	290	140	150
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	110	55	55
Anabaptist	195	80	120	0	0	0
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	0	0	0
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	10	0	10
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	150	70	80
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0
Reformed	310	150	165	0	0	0
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	20	10	10
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	0	0	0
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	0	0	0
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	295	165	135
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	140	75	60
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	810	420	385
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	655	335	325
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	155	90	60
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	120	70	50
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	35	20	15
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	0	0	0
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	35	20	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	760	400	360
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	395	170	225
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	365	225	135
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	230	140	90
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	130	90	45
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	0	0	0
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	130	85	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	600	300	295
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	240	130	105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	365	170	190
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	370	185	185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	110	55	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	260	130	130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	600	305	300
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	225	130	95
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	105	35	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	270	135	135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	175	80	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	60	15	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	50	10	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	15	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	100	60	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	100	60	40
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	70	35	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	10	10	0
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	375	185	185
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	95	50	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	70	20	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	205	115	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	115	60	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	50	10	35
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	40	10	30
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	60	45	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	95	55	35
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	70	35	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	10	10	0
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	600	305	300
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	325	165	165
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	0	0	0
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	20	10	10
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	35	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	15	15	0
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	55	15	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	55	15	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	30	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	25	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	20	10	10
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	0	0	0
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	10	10	0
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	15	15	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	25	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	25	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	15	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	370	185	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	160	70	95
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	0	0	0
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	20	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	20	10	0
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	0	0	0
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	50	15	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	50	15	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	25	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	15	10	0
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	0	0	0
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	10	10	0
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	15	15	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	25	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	25	10	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	15	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	370	185	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	160	70	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	210	115	95
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	115	60	55
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	115	60	55
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	95	50	40
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	10	10	0
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	0	0	0
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	0	0	0
Cuba	1,340	685	660	0	0	0
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	70	45	0	0	0
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0
Peru	1,375	580	795	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	0	0	0
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	10	10	0
Belgium	1,775	910	865	0	0	0
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	0	0	0
Germany	1,035	560	475	0	0	0
Netherlands	465	260	205	0	0	0
Switzerland	965	570	400	0	0	0
Hungary	195	105	95	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	0	0	0
Poland	815	285	530	0	0	0
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	1,325	760	565	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	75	35	40
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	0	0	0
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	55	25	30
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	10	0	0
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	0	0	0
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	15	10	10
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0
Iraq	330	180	150	0	0	0
Israel	520	285	235	0	0	0
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0
Turkey	695	400	295	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	0	0	0
Taiwan	365	150	220	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	0	0	0
Japan	800	300	500	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	0	0	0
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	0	0	0
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	0	0	0
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0
Oceania	1,305	730	575	0	0	0
Australia	1,095	610	490	0	0	0
New Zealand	165	100	70	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	600	305	300
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	355	180	165
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	315	175	135
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	40	10	35
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	250	115	125
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	59.2	59.0	55.0
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	52.5	57.4	45.0
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	11.3	5.6	21.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	600	305	300
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	270	120	145
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	330	185	150
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	145	90	55
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	185	85	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	42.2	42.8	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	355	185	170
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	15	0	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	335	185	155
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	315	180	140
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	260	140	125
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	55	40	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	10	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	50	40	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	20	0	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	355	185	170
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	15	0	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	335	185	155
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	30	10	25
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	20	20	0
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	20	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	30	0	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	150	75	80
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	45	45	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	25	25	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	355	185	170
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	15	0	15
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	335	185	155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	0	0	0
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	60	40	25
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	15	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	25	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	25	20	0
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	15	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	15	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	20	15	0
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	15	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	50	15	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	40	25	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	25	0	20
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	15	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	360	200	155
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	10	0	10
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	205	115	90
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	110	65	45
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	360	200	155
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	310	175	135
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	310	175	135
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	50	20	30
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	255	150	105
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	0	0	0
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,190	670	520	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	75	25	45	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	80	60	25	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	30	65	0	0	0
Russian	385	130	250	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	0	0	0
German	95	65	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	695	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	0	0	0
Bengali	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	285	175	110	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	160	150	0	0	0
Portuguese	245	90	155	0	0	0
Romanian	80	50	30	0	0	0
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	0	0	0
Korean	240	100	145	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	30	55	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	80	50	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	50	25	25
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	360	200	155
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	245	130	115
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	55	40	15
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	35	15	20
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	25	15	10
English and French	1,155	540	610	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	315	175	135
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	35	25	10
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	55	40	15
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	220	105	110
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	220	110	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	190	95	95
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	20	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	275	150	125
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	165	105	60
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	145	100	50
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	15	10	10
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	95	35	55
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	15	0	15
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	0	0	0
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	275	150	125
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	40	25	20
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	100	40	55
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	55	30	20
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	35	25	10
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	40	20	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	275	150	125
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	20	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	50	25	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	105	40	65
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	30	10	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	25	20	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	45	35	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	245	130	110
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	50	30	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	195	100	95
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	175	95	80
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	40	25	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	35	20	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	135	70	60

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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