Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	2,004,265	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	1,942,044	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	976,966	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	910,359	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	4,022.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	498.29	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	309,765	158,545	151,225
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	99,195	50,760	48,435
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	106,985	54,660	52,320
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	103,590	53,120	50,470
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	1,343,170	674,055	669,120
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	97,525	49,340	48,180
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	140,025	70,895	69,125
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	165,525	83,630	81,895
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	157,725	78,995	78,730
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	149,265	74,115	75,155
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	142,365	70,920	71,445
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	125,505	62,690	62,815
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	121,710	61,735	59,975
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	125,465	63,810	61,655
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	118,065	57,920	60,140
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	351,325	151,210	200,120
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	99,325	46,730	52,595
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	86,030	39,185	46,845
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	63,215	27,320	35,895
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	46,875	18,960	27,915
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	55,885	19,015	36,870
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	33,210	12,200	21,010
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	17,780	5,610	12,170
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	4,290	1,075	3,210
100 years and over	465	90	375	610	125	480
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	15.5	16.1	14.8
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	67.0	68.5	65.6
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	17.5	15.4	19.6
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.8	1.9	3.6
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	41.0	39.8	42.1
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	39.6	38.4	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	910,360	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	100,615	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	32,530	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	34,075	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	110,440	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	479,885	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	148,935	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	3,450	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	910,355	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	367,400	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	271,730	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	118,205	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	98,205	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	54,820	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	1,959,355	965,630	993,730
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	1,694,500	825,260	869,235
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	822,440	414,330	408,115
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	577,060	289,455	287,600
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	245,385	124,870	120,510
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	207,040	104,785	102,250
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	3,190	1,835	1,355
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	32,295	16,915	15,380
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	2,855	1,335	1,520
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	872,060	410,935	461,125
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	627,845	333,150	294,700
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	34,795	14,820	19,975
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	126,605	46,380	80,225
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	82,815	16,590	66,225
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	495,445	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	251,075	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	107,265	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	93,300	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	43,810	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	495,445	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	395,645	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	273,070	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	162,745	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	110,325	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	122,570	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	44,875	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	99,805	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	80,530	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	19,275	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	1,959,355	965,630	993,730
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	1,432,990	702,710	730,275
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	791,280	398,495	392,785
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	99,805	19,275	80,525
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	541,905	284,935	256,965
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	392,250	205,155	187,095
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	149,655	79,785	69,865
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	526,370	262,915	263,450
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	367,395	175,660	191,740
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	49,280	22,020	27,255
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	109,690	65,235	44,455
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	910,360	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	455,970	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	370,250	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	194,165	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	176,085	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	85,720	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	13,270	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	1,960	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	16,550	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	55,210	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	367,395	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	1,650,115	807,375	842,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	1,585,095	775,175	809,920
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	37,600	39,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	1,585,510	775,375	810,135
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	34,000	35,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	1,400,285	695,300	704,985
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	31,000	35,200	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	1,155,055	594,975	560,080
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	32,800	36,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	1,324,675	616,720	707,960
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	10,800	9,600	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	171,705	84,570	87,145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,520	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	529,640	276,110	253,530
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	1,650,130	807,560	842,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	1,585,295	775,790	809,505
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	53,250	60,050	46,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	1,585,735	776,005	809,740
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	42,520	46,280	38,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	1,399,405	695,445	703,960
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	48,960	57,350	40,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	1,155,055	595,500	559,555
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	48,760	55,650	41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	1,323,550	616,015	707,535
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	12,040	10,900	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	171,360	84,435	86,925
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	6,840	6,065	7,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	528,305	276,300	252,005
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	9,110	9,140	9,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	514,340	278,505	235,830
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	60,000	63,600	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	78,700	88,300	67,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	504,455	247,565	256,895
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	16,400	17,400	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	26,920	29,400	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	81.2	85.6	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	66.8	71.0	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	18.9	14.4	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	6.4	5.9	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.4	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	1,650,115	807,380	842,740
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	65,020	32,205	32,820
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	1,585,095	775,175	809,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	138,250	65,670	72,580
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	200,450	93,060	107,390
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	286,825	131,235	155,595
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	215,455	102,705	112,755
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	181,505	86,460	95,040
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	138,185	64,805	73,380
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	100,060	48,510	51,550
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	74,165	37,625	36,540
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	58,400	30,060	28,335
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	42,240	22,360	19,875
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	149,555	92,680	56,875
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	90,980	53,275	37,705
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	58,575	39,405	19,170
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	1,650,115	807,380	842,740
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	64,605	32,005	32,605
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	1,585,510	775,375	810,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	144,275	67,955	76,320
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	210,975	98,495	112,480
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	334,395	155,845	178,545
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	257,145	124,835	132,315
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	204,980	97,805	107,175
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	139,760	67,315	72,450
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	93,705	46,700	47,005
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	61,765	31,815	29,945
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	38,975	21,640	17,335
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	25,855	14,955	10,900
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	73,695	48,025	25,665
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	33,165	20,265	12,905
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	40,530	27,765	12,760
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	1,650,115	807,380	842,740
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	495,060	212,405	282,660
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	1,155,055	594,980	560,080
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	167,560	82,405	85,155
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	111,575	52,975	58,595
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	151,350	72,815	78,530
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	116,030	56,295	59,730
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	108,120	55,225	52,890
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	104,250	51,950	52,300
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	84,485	42,940	41,540
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	66,190	35,045	31,145
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	52,585	28,500	24,080
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	46,000	24,150	21,850
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	31,345	18,120	13,230
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	115,575	74,545	41,030
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	47,525	28,870	18,655
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	68,050	45,675	22,375
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	1,650,115	807,375	842,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	1,538,580	750,495	788,085
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	34,000	36,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	1,539,035	750,625	788,405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	31,000	32,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	1,366,580	678,230	688,350
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	32,000	36,000	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	1,133,505	583,045	550,460
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	33,600	36,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	1,199,280	547,540	651,735
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	4,440	2,760	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	114,940	56,080	58,855
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	5,120	4,600	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	1,650,130	807,560	842,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	1,538,450	750,620	787,830
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	50,000	57,050	43,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	1,538,920	750,780	788,145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	39,800	43,800	35,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	1,365,190	677,795	687,395
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	49,080	57,750	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	1,132,415	582,685	549,730
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	48,720	55,750	41,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	1,198,940	547,060	651,880
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	8,250	6,740	9,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	114,595	55,675	58,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	7,510	5,990	8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	507,645	274,575	233,070
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	54,400	58,400	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	72,500	82,100	61,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	462,020	227,495	234,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	21,800	23,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	32,320	35,520	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	87.2	91.4	81.8
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	71.8	75.8	66.6
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	12.8	8.6	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	910,355	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	367,395	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	542,960	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	367,255	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	49,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	40,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	543,100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	910,355	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	18,165	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	10,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	17,665	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	25,730	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	57,720	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	41,160	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	40,595	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	41,545	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	42,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	40,980	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	75,485	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	67,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	60,495	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	54,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	45,830	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	270,265	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	85,635	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	56,205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	62,095	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	66,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	910,355	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	19,710	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	10,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	17,965	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	27,485	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	63,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	49,660	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	48,815	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	51,055	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	50,890	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	47,120	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	85,490	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	75,625	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	65,530	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	54,850	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	45,065	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	197,490	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	78,870	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	45,905	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	72,715	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	501,830	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	179,195	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	208,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	95,875	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	477,085	240,895	236,195
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,400	34,800	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	31,200	31,200	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	501,905	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	98,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	179,455	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	208,375	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	157,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	122,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	95,455	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	78,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	476,520	240,280	236,245
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	45,520	46,520	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	37,600	37,920	37,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	1,959,355	965,630	993,725
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	365,020	186,710	178,315
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	120,615	61,615	58,995
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	1,276,910	638,650	638,260
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	317,425	140,270	177,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	321,885	154,370	167,510
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	54,265	27,870	26,395
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	18,760	9,545	9,215
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	197,020	99,310	97,710
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	70,600	27,185	43,415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	16.4	16.0	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	14.9	14.9	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	15.6	15.5	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	15.4	15.6	15.3
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	22.2	19.4	24.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	1,959,355	965,625	993,730
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	365,025	186,705	178,315
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	120,610	61,615	58,995
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	1,276,910	638,655	638,260
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	317,425	140,265	177,155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	213,720	108,905	104,815
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	29,585	15,165	14,425
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	9,970	5,080	4,890
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	153,385	81,765	71,620
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	30,745	11,975	18,775
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	10.9	11.3	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	8.1	8.1	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	12.0	12.8	11.2
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	9.7	8.5	10.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	1,959,355	965,630	993,730
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	1,196,770	581,490	615,280
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	298,540	147,890	150,655
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	244,435	115,985	128,450
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	240,895	116,550	124,345
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	218,125	105,885	112,240
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	194,765	95,185	99,580
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	762,590	384,140	378,450
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	172,200	85,100	87,095
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	156,540	78,290	78,250
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	144,120	72,600	71,525
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	134,265	68,285	65,980
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	155,465	79,870	75,595
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	1,959,355	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.531	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.335	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	262,290	133,690	128,600
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	486,845	221,005	265,840
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	1,185,020	600,985	584,040
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	45,860	18,340	27,520
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	605,220	303,380	301,835
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	1,156,585	564,525	592,065
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	173,785	88,480	85,300
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	44,430	17,640	26,790
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	1,836,570	902,045	934,520
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	1,193,295	590,520	602,775
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	322,315	162,085	160,230
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	870,975	428,435	442,540
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	643,275	311,525	331,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	455	155	305
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	225	80	140
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	190	70	125
Atikamekw	25	5	20	25	5	20
Cree languages	95	35	60	125	50	75
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	5	0	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	50	25	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	65	20	40
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	35	10	20
Naskapi	5	0	5	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	10	0	5
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	10	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	25	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	185	45	145
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	185	45	140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	35	20	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	35	20	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	642,820	311,370	331,445
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	129,195	68,395	60,805
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	15,675	8,420	7,250
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	14,510	7,750	6,760
Tamazight	985	570	415	1,005	580	425
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	155	90	70
Chadic languages	335	180	160	360	190	170
Hausa	175	100	70	185	105	75
Mina	165	80	90	175	85	95
Coptic	165	90	75	190	100	85
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	780	365	410
Bilen	20	10	10	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	735	345	390	750	350	400
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	5
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	112,200	59,320	52,880
Amharic	495	235	255	565	265	300
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	107,605	56,960	50,645
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	135	60	75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	50	20	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	75	35	40
Harari	5	5	0	5	5	0
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	3,145	1,650	1,495
Maltese	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tigrigna	705	360	340	710	360	345
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	24,640	11,340	13,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	4,695	2,135	2,560
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	19,905	9,185	10,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	18,505	7,175	11,330
Bikol	85	40	50	115	50	70
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	350	140	210
Cebuano	680	250	430	765	295	470
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	475	170	305
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	1,890	765	1,130
Indonesian	405	165	240	450	185	265
Kankanaey	15	10	5	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	25	10	15
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	435	195	235
Merina	285	120	160	290	125	165
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	150	70	75
Malay	45	20	30	50	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	195	85	110
Pangasinan	90	40	50	100	45	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	13,350	5,085	8,265
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	45	20	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	240	115	130
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	37,690	16,985	20,705
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	27,565	12,185	15,375
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	15	10	10
Krio	10	10	5	10	10	5
Morisyen	910	440	470	1,070	525	545
Sango	50	25	20	50	30	20
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	8,705	4,110	4,595
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	275	125	150
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	13,620	7,090	6,525
Kannada	225	140	90	285	170	115
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	1,470	780	685
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	10,370	5,155	5,215
Telugu	1,350	915	430	1,465	975	485
Tulu	15	10	5	20	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	10	5	10
Georgian	105	45	55	125	60	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	329,415	158,980	170,435
Albanian	1,795	885	910	1,935	955	975
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	6,520	3,105	3,420
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	37,235	16,405	20,835
Baltic languages	315	125	195	430	160	275
Latvian	115	55	60	150	60	85
Lithuanian	205	70	140	285	95	185
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	36,800	16,245	20,555
Belarusian	30	15	15	40	20	20
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	3,670	1,715	1,950
Czech	555	255	300	750	340	415
Macedonian	95	40	55	115	50	60
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	7,520	3,215	4,300
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	17,695	7,755	9,935
Rusyn	5	5	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	3,130	1,515	1,615
Bosnian	340	170	175	385	185	200
Croatian	865	415	450	1,095	520	575
Serbian	1,300	645	650	1,570	765	800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	85	35	45
Slovak	345	130	220	495	190	305
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	315	130	180
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	3,045	1,290	1,755
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	25	10	15
Celtic languages	40	25	10	50	40	20
Irish	10	5	0	15	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	10	5	0
Welsh	15	10	5	20	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	10	5
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	14,215	6,910	7,305
Frisian	5	5	0	5	5	0
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	12,245	5,930	6,315
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	4,995	2,220	2,770
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	235	125	110	310	160	145
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	6,945	3,545	3,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	1,265	635	635
Afrikaans	65	40	25	90	50	45
Dutch	740	390	345	1,065	545	520
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	100	40	65
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	655	320	330
Danish	150	70	80	190	85	105
Icelandic	30	15	15	45	20	20
Norwegian	65	35	30	110	60	55
Swedish	230	120	110	305	155	150
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	45	20	30
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	17,080	8,125	8,955
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	68,600	36,145	32,455
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	48,035	25,870	22,165
Assamese	20	10	10	20	10	10
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	10,220	5,260	4,960
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	5,940	3,100	2,840
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	4,270	2,465	1,800
Kacchi	90	40	45	120	55	65
Kashmiri	25	15	5	30	20	10
Konkani	55	35	20	65	35	30
Marathi	345	200	145	400	225	175
Nepali	330	170	160	370	190	175
Oriya languages	45	25	20	45	25	25
Odia	25	15	10	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	20	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	18,260	10,100	8,160
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	30	20	75	40	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	475	245	230
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	7,550	3,975	3,575
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	195	110	85
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	20,550	10,275	10,275
Baluchi	5	5	0	5	5	0
Kurdish	435	245	190	475	265	205
Parsi	25	20	10	35	25	15
Pashto	975	525	450	1,020	545	470
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	18,950	9,395	9,555
Dari	1,085	520	565	1,245	605	640
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	16,025	7,945	8,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	1,680	845	830
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	70	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	15	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	183,755	87,295	96,460
Catalan	190	90	95	210	100	105
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	63,560	29,680	33,880
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	19,465	9,245	10,215
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	15,020	7,070	7,945
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	85,395	41,150	44,250
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	110	50	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	20	10	10
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	1,855	570	1,290
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	5,025	2,180	2,845
Mongolian	100	35	65	180	75	110
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	13,775	6,870	6,905
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	690	340	350
Bamanankan	665	360	310	690	365	320
Edo	60	25	35	65	25	40
Éwé	330	185	150	345	195	155
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	1,270	650	620
Ga	45	25	20	55	35	25
Ganda	25	10	15	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	5	0	5	5	5
Igbo	90	55	35	105	65	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	1,150	515	630
Lingala	1,680	750	930	1,715	770	945
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	140	65	80
Mòoré	150	85	70	160	85	75
Mwani	20	10	10	25	10	10
Ndebele	30	15	20	35	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	1,355	615	740
Shona	80	40	40	85	45	45
Soninke	205	135	70	205	135	70
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	10	5	10
Swahili	795	385	400	815	395	415
Wojenaka	485	225	255	485	225	255
Wolof	1,495	800	690	1,545	830	720
Yoruba	625	325	295	660	350	315
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	2,125	1,105	1,020
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	360	200	165
Dinka	5	5	5	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	285	160	130
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	65	40	30
Sign languages	275	140	135	310	160	150
American Sign Language	35	20	15	60	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	190	90	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	65	35	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	57,075	26,030	31,035
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	56,890	25,955	30,935
Hakka	210	85	125	265	105	155
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	37,985	17,270	20,715
Min Dong	15	5	5	20	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	1,895	830	1,065
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	545	250	295
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	15,185	6,995	8,195
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	940	470	470
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	50	25	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	140	55	80
Burmese	45	15	30	60	15	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	30	35	65	35	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	45	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	1,770	755	1,010
Lao	1,280	615	665	1,320	635	690
Thai	405	115	295	430	115	315
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	5	10
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	5,945	3,030	2,910
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	285	175	105
Kazakh	25	15	15	30	15	15
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	5,300	2,685	2,615
Uyghur	140	65	75	145	70	75
Uzbek	40	25	20	80	40	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	105	40	65
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	3,230	1,420	1,810
Estonian	70	30	40	110	40	65
Finnish	140	55	85	175	65	110
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	2,940	1,310	1,625
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	95	45	45
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	143,450	71,980	71,470
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	42,695	21,750	20,940
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	32,265	15,955	16,310
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	47,185	23,615	23,570
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	15,685	8,025	7,655
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	5,625	2,630	3,000
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	340,470	170,050	170,425
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	779,125	383,000	396,125
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	204,395	96,705	107,690
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	80	30	50
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	204,315	96,670	107,645
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	173,135	89,205	83,935
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	135,390	66,995	68,400
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	180,900	85,935	94,965
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	154,470	76,450	78,020
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	12,130	5,690	6,435
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	1,806,270	888,385	917,885
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	1,435,980	710,425	725,555
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	479,850	239,270	240,580
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	956,130	471,155	484,975
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	370,290	177,955	192,335
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	160	65	100
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	95	45	50
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	80	35	50
Atikamekw	10	0	5	10	0	5
Cree languages	40	20	25	60	25	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	30	15	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	25	10	15
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	50	10	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	370,125	177,895	192,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	66,095	34,080	32,015
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	6,870	3,680	3,190
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	6,385	3,420	2,965
Tamazight	360	195	165	375	205	170
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	115	60	55
Chadic languages	125	60	65	125	60	65
Hausa	80	45	45	85	45	40
Mina	40	15	25	40	15	25
Coptic	120	65	60	140	65	70
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	370	175	195
Bilen	10	5	10	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	345	160	185	350	165	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	58,585	30,100	28,490
Amharic	240	115	125	270	130	145
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	56,520	29,075	27,445
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	85	35	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	35	10	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	40	20	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	715	375	335	1,230	615	610
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	445	230	215	450	230	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	30	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	17,355	8,030	9,325
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	2,915	1,315	1,595
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	14,425	6,710	7,720
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	10,910	4,620	6,295
Bikol	35	15	15	40	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	190	85	105
Cebuano	425	180	250	475	200	270
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	280	115	165
Ilocano	960	415	545	1,075	465	610
Indonesian	170	85	90	195	90	105
Kankanaey	5	0	0	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	125	60	65
Merina	65	30	35	65	30	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	55	25	30
Malay	10	5	5	10	10	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	110	55	60
Pangasinan	25	10	15	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	8,240	3,435	4,805
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	110	55	55
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	17,685	7,840	9,845
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	12,780	5,515	7,265
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	475	225	250	580	280	300
Sango	10	10	5	10	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	4,210	1,990	2,220
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	10,460	5,315	5,145
Kannada	115	65	50	150	80	65
Malayalam	970	520	445	1,035	550	485
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	8,370	4,095	4,270
Telugu	820	550	275	895	580	315
Tulu	10	5	5	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Georgian	45	20	25	50	25	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	188,550	90,370	98,185
Albanian	1,050	505	540	1,115	545	575
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	4,370	1,985	2,390
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	21,410	9,870	11,540
Baltic languages	85	40	50	105	45	65
Latvian	35	20	15	40	20	20
Lithuanian	50	25	30	70	25	40
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	21,300	9,830	11,475
Belarusian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	2,425	1,165	1,265
Czech	165	75	90	210	100	115
Macedonian	60	25	30	70	30	35
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	3,090	1,355	1,740
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	12,475	5,775	6,700
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	1,445	685	760
Bosnian	170	80	90	195	90	105
Croatian	365	165	200	435	195	240
Serbian	645	320	325	795	395	400
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	25	5	15
Slovak	70	30	40	120	50	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	90	45	50
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	1,365	625	735
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	5	10	0	10	10	5
Irish	5	5	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	6,845	3,535	3,320
Frisian	5	0	5	5	0	5
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	6,500	3,370	3,130
German	510	245	270	770	360	410
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	30	15	10
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	5,700	2,995	2,700
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	220	105	115
Afrikaans	30	15	15	45	20	25
Dutch	105	55	50	155	80	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	15	0	10
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	120	50	65
Danish	15	10	10	25	10	15
Icelandic	15	5	10	25	5	15
Norwegian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Swedish	45	20	25	60	30	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	0	5
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	8,270	3,715	4,555
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	50,680	26,200	24,485
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	35,595	18,850	16,750
Assamese	5	5	0	5	5	0
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	7,495	3,730	3,765
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	3,960	2,040	1,920
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	2,820	1,560	1,260
Kacchi	60	30	35	75	35	40
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	5	5	20	10	5
Marathi	160	90	70	180	100	80
Nepali	225	115	105	240	125	115
Oriya languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Odia	5	5	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	14,920	8,220	6,695
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	270	145	125
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	5,470	2,800	2,670
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	120	60	55
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	15,075	7,345	7,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	220	120	105	250	135	120
Parsi	15	5	5	15	5	5
Pashto	750	405	350	775	410	360
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	13,990	6,770	7,220
Dari	675	320	355	800	390	415
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	12,080	5,855	6,225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	1,110	530	585
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	95,835	44,515	51,315
Catalan	75	30	40	80	40	40
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	22,105	9,270	12,835
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	10,365	4,860	5,500
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	8,915	4,290	4,620
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	54,335	26,035	28,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	40	25	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Japanese	705	285	425	840	340	500
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	3,655	1,635	2,015
Mongolian	55	25	30	130	55	70
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	4,365	2,125	2,240
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	370	175	190
Bamanankan	205	100	105	205	100	105
Edo	20	10	10	20	10	10
Éwé	85	45	40	90	45	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	455	240	215
Ga	20	10	10	25	10	15
Ganda	5	0	5	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	350	145	200
Lingala	570	255	320	585	255	325
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	10	5	5
Mòoré	25	10	10	25	10	10
Mwani	10	5	0	10	5	0
Ndebele	5	0	5	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	480	220	255
Shona	35	15	20	35	15	20
Soninke	95	65	30	95	65	30
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	290	155	135	300	160	135
Wojenaka	130	50	80	130	50	80
Wolof	600	325	275	620	335	285
Yoruba	180	85	90	190	90	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	345	155	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	110	60	55
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	105	60	45
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Sign languages	515	300	220	595	350	250
American Sign Language	90	45	40	140	75	65
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	325	175	145
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	135	95	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	43,570	20,275	23,295
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	43,475	20,230	23,240
Hakka	75	35	35	80	40	45
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	30,855	14,425	16,430
Min Dong	5	0	5	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	1,135	505	635
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	355	170	185
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	10,470	4,815	5,655
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	560	270	285
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	70	30	35
Burmese	30	10	20	35	15	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	20	15	35	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	895	420	480
Lao	715	350	370	740	360	385
Thai	150	60	90	155	60	95
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	3,885	1,945	1,945
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	115	65	50
Kazakh	5	0	5	5	0	5
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	3,595	1,795	1,805
Uyghur	100	45	60	100	45	60
Uzbek	15	10	10	40	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	30	15	10
Uralic languages	695	285	415	935	395	535
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Finnish	20	10	15	25	10	15
Hungarian	675	275	400	895	380	520
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	30	15	15
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	173,745	85,640	88,110
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	53,305	27,065	26,240
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	39,365	19,140	20,225
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	57,355	27,790	29,565
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	21,910	10,810	11,100
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	1,815	840	980
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	1,454,735	714,280	740,455
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	131,630	67,290	64,340
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	126,780	62,180	64,600
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	144,335	69,210	75,130
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	185	75	110
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	144,155	69,135	75,015
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	34,410	17,320	17,090
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	38,875	19,700	19,180
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	33,620	16,170	17,450
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	4,120	2,100	2,025
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	11,505	5,770	5,735
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,670	993,685
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	1,913,970	947,390	966,575
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	1,435,560	729,670	705,890
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	1,655,330	814,660	840,670
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	971,455	471,755	499,700
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	890	350	540
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	400	170	225
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	290	110	175
Atikamekw	20	0	15	20	0	15
Cree languages	150	60	90	180	75	110
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	75	40	40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	75	30	45
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	80	25	60
Naskapi	20	10	10	20	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	25	10	10
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	25	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	105	55	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	30	20	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	65	40	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	50	20	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	20	15	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	30	20	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	25	15	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	365	85	275
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	360	85	275
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	65	55	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	45	20	65	50	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	15	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	970,710	471,495	499,220
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	217,295	113,605	103,690
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	24,100	12,860	11,245
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	21,780	11,590	10,195
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	2,055	1,140	915
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	560	290	270
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	1,245	675	565
Hausa	575	370	210	600	380	215
Mina	625	290	340	645	295	350
Coptic	745	385	360	795	415	385
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	1,185	555	625
Bilen	15	10	0	15	10	0
Oromo	10	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	1,115	515	600	1,140	530	610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	50	15	40
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	205,120	107,210	97,905
Amharic	780	375	405	880	435	445
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	188,115	98,545	89,565
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	230	100	135
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	55	20	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	10	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	170	75	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	16,440	8,520	7,920
Maltese	20	10	10	25	15	10
Tigrigna	820	400	420	820	400	420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	75	50	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	32,680	15,395	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	7,045	3,265	3,785
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	26,160	12,400	13,760
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	60	25	30
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	29,140	11,470	17,675
Bikol	175	65	110	250	95	150
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	525	230	290
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	1,385	480	905
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	910	340	565
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	3,350	1,395	1,950
Indonesian	805	365	440	900	395	505
Kankanaey	45	25	20	60	30	35
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	855	420	435
Merina	655	320	335	670	330	345
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	185	90	90
Malay	355	190	165	390	195	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	395	180	215
Pangasinan	120	55	65	155	70	85
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	25,940	9,975	15,965
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	145	70	75
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	1,040	445	595
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	76,295	34,775	41,520
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	67,895	30,695	37,205
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	245	130	115
Krio	60	25	40	60	25	40
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	2,710	1,370	1,340
Sango	185	100	80	190	110	80
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	12,280	5,760	6,520
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	1,600	705	895
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	18,785	9,760	9,020
Kannada	540	325	215	725	415	310
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	2,025	1,060	965
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	14,560	7,265	7,300
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	2,570	1,670	905
Tulu	30	10	10	40	20	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	25	10	15
Georgian	150	75	70	175	80	95
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	514,485	250,190	264,295
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	2,600	1,315	1,285
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	8,650	4,080	4,575
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	50,700	23,530	27,165
Baltic languages	530	215	315	705	280	425
Latvian	190	85	105	270	110	160
Lithuanian	340	135	210	435	170	260
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	50,190	23,320	26,870
Belarusian	160	55	105	205	75	125
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	4,515	2,155	2,360
Czech	990	455	535	1,265	590	675
Macedonian	215	80	135	255	100	160
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	10,130	4,475	5,650
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	29,515	13,855	15,655
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	4,100	2,025	2,075
Bosnian	675	315	365	715	335	380
Croatian	1,515	775	740	1,880	935	950
Serbian	1,725	840	885	2,105	1,025	1,080
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	110	60	50
Slovak	590	250	340	795	340	455
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	440	185	255
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	5,945	2,635	3,310
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	40	15	30
Celtic languages	275	150	125	315	180	135
Irish	120	65	55	140	85	55
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	50	30	20
Welsh	35	20	15	40	20	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	90	50	45
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	35,095	17,750	17,345
Frisian	40	20	25	40	20	25
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	31,565	16,090	15,470
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	21,270	10,840	10,435
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	300	120	175	385	155	230
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	10,330	5,310	5,020
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	2,655	1,335	1,325
Afrikaans	205	95	105	330	170	160
Dutch	1,645	825	820	2,130	1,075	1,055
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	20	0	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	1,865	920	945
Danish	425	190	230	545	250	295
Icelandic	45	20	20	50	25	25
Norwegian	285	155	130	400	220	180
Swedish	820	445	370	1,030	530	500
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	80	30	50
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	25,065	12,045	13,015
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	91,140	48,390	42,750
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	66,760	36,130	30,625
Assamese	35	25	15	55	25	20
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	13,405	6,905	6,495
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	8,845	4,710	4,130
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	28,090	15,325	12,765
Kacchi	195	95	95	250	115	140
Kashmiri	40	25	15	50	35	20
Konkani	155	95	60	205	115	85
Marathi	780	440	340	920	500	420
Nepali	485	270	220	560	305	255
Oriya languages	45	20	35	55	20	35
Odia	30	15	15	35	15	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	20	0	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	25,595	14,160	11,445
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	100	50	50	175	85	85
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	1,060	585	475
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	12,905	7,015	5,890
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	565	350	215
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	25,080	12,635	12,445
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	780	465	315	855	505	345
Parsi	80	35	40	95	50	40
Pashto	1,225	645	580	1,300	690	600
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	23,195	11,620	11,575
Dari	1,280	645	640	1,515	770	740
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	19,455	9,730	9,725
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	2,395	1,220	1,180
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	115	60	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	85	50	40
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	324,695	154,360	170,340
Catalan	715	400	315	780	445	335
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	107,285	51,300	55,985
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	31,125	15,545	15,585
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	18,785	8,935	9,850
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	193,835	91,345	102,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	475	265	210
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	135	80	60
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	5,275	2,525	2,755
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	6,420	2,780	3,645
Mongolian	180	55	120	240	85	155
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	33,295	16,860	16,435
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	1,650	895	750
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	1,595	805	785
Edo	245	115	125	260	125	135
Éwé	865	505	360	960	560	400
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	2,810	1,525	1,285
Ga	220	145	75	255	165	90
Ganda	75	40	30	80	45	30
Gikuyu	45	0	40	50	0	40
Igbo	485	280	205	535	310	225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	1,925	910	1,020
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	7,490	3,495	3,995
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	540	235	300
Mòoré	620	340	280	635	345	285
Mwani	20	15	10	25	15	10
Ndebele	115	70	40	125	75	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	2,130	1,030	1,100
Shona	245	150	95	270	170	100
Soninke	465	310	155	465	310	155
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	50	25	35
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	3,575	1,800	1,780
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	1,005	510	495
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	4,145	2,255	1,890
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	2,295	1,145	1,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	7,345	3,800	3,545
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	725	400	320
Dinka	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	710	400	315
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	435	230	205
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	2,170	895	1,280
American Sign Language	495	160	330	635	230	405
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	1,370	530	845
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	360	230	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	68,485	31,760	36,720
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	68,285	31,685	36,595
Hakka	335	170	160	445	220	225
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	51,885	23,845	28,040
Min Dong	35	20	20	45	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	2,965	1,270	1,690
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	850	385	465
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	21,115	9,630	11,485
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	955	505	450
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	130	60	60
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	195	65	125
Burmese	65	10	60	75	10	65
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	95	50	50	95	50	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	70	40	30
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	2,870	1,280	1,585
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	2,040	990	1,055
Thai	1,085	390	695	1,140	415	725
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	40	15	25
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	10,550	5,185	5,370
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	655	390	260
Kazakh	60	35	25	70	40	30
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	9,540	4,630	4,905
Uyghur	205	95	110	225	105	125
Uzbek	140	85	55	190	105	85
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	245	110	135
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	4,620	2,020	2,600
Estonian	85	35	50	175	70	110
Finnish	245	120	125	320	145	170
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	4,130	1,805	2,325
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	450	230	220
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,675	993,685
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	16,675	7,720	8,955
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	15,520	7,185	8,335
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	8,745	3,955	4,795
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	6,085	3,020	3,065
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	685	210	475
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	355	165	185
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	800	365	435
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	1,942,680	957,955	984,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,675	993,685
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	3,805	1,730	2,070
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	1,955,555	963,940	991,615
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	360,125	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	550,240	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	192,985	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	717,375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	19,730	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	267,715	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	303,875	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	220,945	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	98,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	501,570	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	166,230	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	78,495	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	58,850	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	105,210	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	881,730	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	28,630	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	834,885	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	75,475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	325,005	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	282,605	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	101,185	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	63,765	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	32,020	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	32,875	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	35,320	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	37,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	833,540	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	76,815	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	543,605	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	333,140	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	33,620	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	40,960	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	162,375	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	171,535	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	155,520	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	156,865	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	122,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	70,345	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	29,930	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	902,485	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	686,075	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	216,410	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	189,795	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	910,360	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	330,635	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	186,350	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	56,480	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	50,745	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	10,995	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	18,075	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	7,005	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	995	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	579,720	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	875,865	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	87,945	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	787,925	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	360,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,572	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	638,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	550,235	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	28.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	987	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	1,959,360	965,670	993,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	9,035	3,985	5,050
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	8,845	3,910	4,935
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	7,485	3,365	4,125
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	930	400	530
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	430	145	280
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	195	75	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	90	45	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	95	25	70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	30,345	13,805	16,540
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	30,095	13,720	16,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	27,000	12,340	14,660
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	2,710	1,265	1,450
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	380	115	260
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	250	80	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	215	70	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	1,919,975	947,880	972,095
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,670	993,690
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	1,645,945	805,140	840,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	322,965	164,980	157,985
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	1,322,980	640,160	682,820
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	313,410	160,530	152,885
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,670	993,690
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	1,168,390	576,340	592,055
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	652,730	313,955	338,770
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	108,265	50,530	57,735
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	69,695	34,150	35,545
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	106,810	50,520	56,290
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	154,780	74,520	80,255
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	213,175	104,225	108,950
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	99,070	48,005	51,065
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	114,110	56,220	57,885
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	138,240	75,380	62,860
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	652,725	313,955	338,770
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	52,990	26,810	26,180
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	103,285	51,965	51,320
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	118,475	53,035	65,440
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	326,320	158,620	167,700
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	51,660	23,520	28,140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	652,725	313,955	338,770
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	137,955	63,465	74,485
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	4,275	1,995	2,280
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	8,885	4,105	4,780
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	6,600	3,365	3,235
Guyana	1,350	660	690	1,675	780	895
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	48,570	21,555	27,015
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	3,280	1,315	1,965
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	8,940	4,350	4,585
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	7,165	3,245	3,925
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	2,640	1,160	1,475
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	12,515	6,350	6,170
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	33,410	15,245	18,160
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	158,795	76,610	82,190
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	850	430	420
Croatia	760	390	375	915	475	440
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	42,245	22,305	19,935
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	3,715	1,740	1,975
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	8,650	3,920	4,725
Hungary	1,365	650	720	1,990	935	1,060
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	32,485	15,325	17,165
Netherlands	500	310	190	700	420	285
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	6,030	2,545	3,485
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	8,140	3,720	4,425
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	11,970	5,495	6,470
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	7,050	2,865	4,180
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	845	410	435
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	5,385	2,345	3,035
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	6,620	3,570	3,050
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	21,205	10,115	11,095
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	152,205	77,515	74,690
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	44,925	23,280	21,640
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	6,190	2,855	3,335
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	12,245	6,195	6,045
Eritrea	495	250	250	500	250	250
Ethiopia	660	305	355	750	345	400
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	37,215	18,545	18,670
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	1,435	770	660
Somalia	400	200	200	405	205	205
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	585	360	225
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	47,960	24,705	23,260
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	202,715	95,775	106,935
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	1,250	630	625
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	13,990	6,835	7,160
Iraq	1,610	890	725	2,140	1,125	1,020
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	20,215	10,625	9,585
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	13,495	6,815	6,680
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	4,490	2,240	2,250
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	32,815	14,710	18,100
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	2,925	1,400	1,525
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	3,400	1,485	1,915
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	1,600	660	935
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	24,690	9,580	15,105
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	17,570	7,995	9,575
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	7,255	3,655	3,605
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	17,345	8,895	8,455
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	6,560	3,485	3,075
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	7,850	3,865	3,990
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	25,115	11,780	13,335
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	1,055	585	470
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	114,110	56,220	57,885
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	16,945	8,160	8,785
Brazil	1,105	455	645	1,235	515	715
Colombia	1,260	575	685	1,390	615	775
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	5,550	2,740	2,815
Jamaica	135	70	60	145	80	65
Mexico	1,320	690	625	1,410	745	665
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	2,625	1,380	1,245
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	960	355	600
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	3,620	1,715	1,905
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	19,140	9,995	9,145
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	12,165	6,530	5,635
Germany	235	130	105	280	150	130
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	55	45	10
Italy	420	260	160	450	270	180
Russian Federation	625	235	390	790	295	490
Ukraine	750	355	395	850	390	455
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	570	355	220
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	3,985	1,955	2,030
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	36,195	17,970	18,225
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	10,255	5,020	5,235
Burundi	715	385	335	740	395	340
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	3,675	1,795	1,880
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	1,515	665	850
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	1,720	855	865
Egypt	1,470	795	675	1,595	850	750
Eritrea	275	145	125	275	145	125
Ethiopia	90	40	45	90	40	45
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	5,600	2,640	2,965
Nigeria	550	310	240	705	400	310
Somalia	40	25	20	50	25	25
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	125	70	55
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	85	50	35
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	3,510	1,820	1,695
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	6,265	3,205	3,060
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	41,495	19,890	21,600
Afghanistan	180	95	85	210	105	100
Bangladesh	960	465	495	985	470	515
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	6,885	3,020	3,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	80	30	55
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	6,325	3,365	2,960
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	3,085	1,395	1,685
Iraq	245	145	100	315	180	130
Israel	145	90	60	255	130	125
Japan	185	55	130	190	55	140
Jordan	355	160	195	405	195	215
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	920	380	535
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	1,820	990	825
Nepal	180	110	75	180	110	75
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	1,145	590	555
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	6,655	2,840	3,815
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	970	595	370
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	530	220	305
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	6,485	3,375	3,115
Turkey	520	295	225	575	310	265
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	690	340	350
Viet Nam	910	395	515	1,075	460	620
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	1,715	725	995
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	330	205	130
Australia	195	125	65	220	140	85
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	110	70	45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,670	993,685
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	813,905	400,325	413,580
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	424,225	212,755	211,475
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	721,230	352,590	368,630
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	544,455	263,425	281,040
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	303,105	155,090	148,020
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	151,015	87,200	63,815
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	152,090	67,890	84,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	146,645	59,645	87,000
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	85,165	44,145	41,025
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	9,540	4,545	4,995
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	544,455	263,425	281,040
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	53,655	28,340	25,310
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	56,685	26,490	30,195
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	13,690	7,070	6,620
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	27,800	15,470	12,330
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	4,820	2,035	2,785
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	387,815	184,015	203,795
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,675	993,685
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	737,510	363,785	373,725
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	91,370	48,660	42,710
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	69,985	32,190	37,795
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	208,805	101,125	107,680
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	33,365	14,085	19,275
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	151,890	79,375	72,515
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	82,550	40,580	41,970
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	40,535	19,270	21,265
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	22,800	11,365	11,435
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	6,755	3,025	3,730
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	3,165	1,265	1,900
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	6,515	3,185	3,325
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	19,790	9,660	10,125
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	1,221,845	601,890	619,960
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	1,959,355	965,670	993,685
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	241,015	115,880	125,135
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	59,710	30,025	29,685
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	102,325	48,885	53,440
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	61,620	29,560	32,065
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	336,880	169,710	167,170
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	40,360	19,305	21,050
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	74,630	34,410	40,220
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	156,025	76,485	79,535
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	44,170	23,435	20,735
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	19,025	9,095	9,930
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	8,425	4,145	4,285
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	33,540	16,340	17,200
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	108,910	54,650	54,260
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	17,025	8,610	8,415
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	32,035	13,555	18,475
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	66,400	31,740	34,655
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	22,690	11,705	10,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	16,815	7,630	9,185
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	3,975	1,795	2,180
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	26,895	13,510	13,380
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	28,610	13,415	15,195
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	2,940	1,405	1,525
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	5,170	2,590	2,580
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	25,490	12,445	13,045
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	14,530	7,235	7,300
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	35,975	17,775	18,200
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	3,195	1,480	1,715
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	12,160	5,830	6,335
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	12,695	5,780	6,915
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	10,350	5,580	4,770
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	35,410	17,485	17,930
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	47,415	23,905	23,515
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	6,510	3,905	2,605
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	28,910	13,890	15,015
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	56,950	30,125	26,830
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	33,345	16,475	16,865
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	6,870	3,170	3,695
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	10,015	4,560	5,450
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	855	375	480
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	6,970	3,145	3,820
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	21,785	10,470	11,320
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	36,445	18,790	17,650
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	17,805	8,760	9,045
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	13,200	6,500	6,700
Danish	1,820	845	970	2,385	1,090	1,295
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	3,940	1,830	2,105
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	3,940	2,095	1,835
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	5,105	2,440	2,670
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	12,360	6,180	6,180
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	82,590	38,735	43,855
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	6,600	3,690	2,910
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	16,720	8,350	8,370
Mennonite	385	195	195	440	225	215
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	6,515	3,235	3,285
Finnish	1,000	425	580	1,335	555	780
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	8,775	4,360	4,420
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	2,910	1,425	1,485
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	4,325	1,805	2,525
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	2,085	1,100	975
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	2,570	1,125	1,445
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	1,545	785	760
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	9,200	4,885	4,320
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	16,840	8,750	8,090
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	13,270	6,770	6,500
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	5,565	2,610	2,955
Icelandic	345	205	145	470	260	205
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	12,570	5,960	6,615
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	44,795	22,825	21,970
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	3,180	1,480	1,700
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	16,220	7,940	8,280
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	1,945	930	1,015
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	2,110	1,125	980
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	7,980	3,835	4,140
Serbian	1,755	835	920	2,255	1,105	1,150
Ojibway	250	130	125	280	145	135
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	490	265	225
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	1,150	520	630
Ontarian	795	370	430	940	430	500
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	5,920	3,175	2,740
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	3,510	1,835	1,675
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	9,430	4,670	4,755
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	940	305	635
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	9,090	4,620	4,465
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	41,695	21,670	20,025
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	7,115	3,415	3,695
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	2,105	970	1,125
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	13,180	6,320	6,860
Slovak	1,375	640	735	1,985	950	1,040
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	4,850	2,330	2,520
Somali	1,155	550	610	1,170	550	620
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	2,250	1,035	1,220
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	2,605	1,355	1,250
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	9,285	4,495	4,790
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	5,650	2,535	3,115
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	2,030	905	1,130
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	4,005	2,135	1,870
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	5,325	2,255	3,075
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	1,880	925	965
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	2,160	900	1,255
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	3,120	1,410	1,705
South African	465	220	245	600	280	315
Australian	830	405	425	1,030	495	535
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	4,225	2,220	2,005
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	6,405	3,155	3,250
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	10,140	4,915	5,225
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	575	255	315
Ethiopian	965	495	475	1,035	535	500
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	3,465	1,775	1,690
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	9,000	4,155	4,845
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	1,970	1,055	910
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	9,015	4,250	4,765
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	20,455	10,885	9,570
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	2,770	1,415	1,355
Maltese	360	200	160	425	240	180
Macedonian	325	165	160	380	185	200
Slovenian	825	365	455	1,145	520	630
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	2,465	1,380	1,085
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	965	475	485
Gujarati	880	475	405	1,145	620	525
Eritrean	615	305	310	625	305	320
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	1,440	745	700
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	5,435	2,850	2,585
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	1,560	700	860
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	735	325	410
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	4,915	2,350	2,565
Albertan	100	35	65	110	40	70
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	2,070	1,105	960
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	2,935	1,440	1,500
African American	1,600	790	810	1,775	875	900
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	950	510	445
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	12,345	6,770	5,580
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	1,615	740	875
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	4,040	2,055	1,990
Bosnian	510	245	270	585	285	300
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	4,235	1,900	2,335
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	1,680	725	955
Latvian	625	330	295	1,070	505	560
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	3,725	1,840	1,890
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	6,890	3,435	3,455
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	5,005	2,605	2,400
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	1,170	530	645
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	2,605	1,320	1,290
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	1,285	625	660
Northern Irish	310	160	150	420	210	205
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	720	355	365
British Columbian	90	40	50	100	45	55
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	1,295	595	705
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	785	405	380
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	3,065	1,550	1,520
Estonian	365	215	150	530	285	245
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	1,570	895	675
Fijian	15	0	10	15	0	10
Jatt	390	185	205	465	230	230
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	790	405	380
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	2,740	1,445	1,295
Thai	1,150	395	755	1,255	440	815
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	5,545	2,590	2,950
Nepali	430	240	185	485	275	210
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	11,165	5,780	5,380
Assyrian	345	150	200	470	195	280
Igbo	565	325	240	635	375	260
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	1,360	690	670
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	25	10	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	110	50	60
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	1,795	795	1,000
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	3,845	1,880	1,965
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	1,200	540	660
New Zealander	265	150	115	315	190	125
Sudanese	300	155	145	360	180	180
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	3,980	1,885	2,095
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	50	20	30
Malaysian	375	205	165	415	220	195
Plains Cree	35	15	20	35	15	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	6,070	3,225	2,845
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	1,480	675	805
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	75	25	45
Buddhist	690	295	400	790	345	450
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	1,640	740	900
Norman	1,850	905	940	1,915	950	970
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	315	140	175
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	3,465	1,650	1,820
Saulteaux	35	10	15	35	10	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	145	60	85
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	2,185	1,045	1,140
Tigrinya	370	210	160	375	215	160
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	1,320	650	670
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	2,165	1,185	990
Kenyan	210	95	115	240	105	135
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	2,385	945	1,440
Jordanian	770	430	340	910	510	400
Manitoban	110	45	60	115	55	65
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	70	30	50
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	2,250	1,025	1,225
Grenadian	910	350	560	1,040	410	630
Malayali	335	185	150	385	210	180
Chaldean	110	40	75	120	40	80
Sinhalese	310	150	165	395	185	210
Mayan	1,695	900	795	1,770	915	850
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	2,345	1,075	1,265
Cherokee	195	90	100	230	105	125
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	20	15	0
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	340	155	180
Flemish	520	265	255	560	280	280
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	140	65	75
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	3,210	1,610	1,600
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	675	330	345
Sicilian	970	495	470	1,080	555	530
Pashtun	475	245	220	505	275	230
Malay	300	135	165	345	160	185
Goan	115	55	60	200	90	105
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	1,755	865	890
Tibetan	135	65	70	145	70	75
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	205	120	95
Burmese	225	105	120	245	110	135
Mongolian	480	210	270	650	295	355
Azorean	730	310	415	735	315	415
Atikamekw	325	145	180	330	145	180
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	2,250	1,155	1,095
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	140	70	70
Ugandan	100	55	50	115	65	60
Oromo	50	25	25	50	25	25
Tanzanian	175	85	90	195	100	100
Yemeni	515	275	240	620	340	280
Central African	1,415	675	740	1,450	685	765
Libyan	590	320	270	660	345	315
Basque	980	515	465	1,090	570	525
Uruguayan	785	450	335	875	510	365
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	585	290	295
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	900	520	380
Igorot	290	105	185	335	125	210
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	2,470	1,305	1,165
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	2,760	1,420	1,335
St. Lucian	255	100	155	310	120	185
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	200	70	135	215	75	140
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	2,100	1,200	900
Telugu	180	125	55	185	130	55
Roma	235	110	125	260	130	135
Costa Rican	720	425	295	800	450	350
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	235	110	120
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	1,680	795	890
Kashmiri	75	40	30	115	70	45
Singaporean	75	55	15	100	70	30
Karen	10	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	290	130	155	335	155	185
Tajik	100	45	55	145	70	80
Amhara	95	45	45	115	60	50
Paraguayan	90	35	60	100	40	60
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	1,959,360	965,675	993,685
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	28,350	12,580	15,775
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	969,945	451,410	518,540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	116,635	55,545	61,090
Anabaptist	195	80	120	280	120	160
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	14,835	6,640	8,190
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	12,890	5,955	6,940
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	675,695	314,690	361,010
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	68,635	32,680	35,950
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	7,225	2,890	4,335
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	1,220	555	665
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	2,255	1,000	1,255
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	1,055	495	560
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	16,130	6,980	9,150
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	3,910	1,850	2,065
Reformed	310	150	165	410	180	230
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	6,810	2,800	4,005
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	41,965	19,030	22,935
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	35,615	19,215	16,405
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	73,900	36,055	37,840
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	233,440	121,145	112,290
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	17,820	9,590	8,225
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	220	80	135
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	9,925	4,610	5,315
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	590,140	310,985	279,165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	1,940,495	956,130	984,365
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	1,685,130	826,630	858,500
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	255,365	129,500	125,865
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	186,805	94,745	92,055
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	68,560	34,750	33,810
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	37,680	18,795	18,885
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	27,865	13,660	14,205
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	9,810	5,130	4,680
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	30,885	15,960	14,925
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	1,860,375	915,410	944,970
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	1,038,900	502,160	536,740
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	821,475	413,250	408,230
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	433,700	216,030	217,670
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	387,770	197,215	190,560
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	190,035	93,955	96,075
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	159,710	78,770	80,940
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	30,325	15,190	15,135
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	197,735	103,260	94,485
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	274,820	136,500	138,320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	1,375,315	671,055	704,255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	121,295	65,950	55,345
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	975,700	481,690	494,005
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	247,460	120,840	126,625
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	319,755	162,520	157,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	1,082,915	524,200	558,715
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	473,060	232,855	240,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	146,170	81,740	64,425
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	106,110	54,025	52,085
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	40,055	27,715	12,340
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	260,845	122,345	138,495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	66,045	28,760	37,285
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	609,855	291,355	318,505
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	344,605	160,320	184,285
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	58,945	27,280	31,665
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	16,885	8,385	8,500
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	159,510	78,325	81,190
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	29,905	17,040	12,865
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	102,815	55,805	47,015
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	162,205	88,420	73,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	831,975	403,420	428,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	333,160	167,260	165,895
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	110,390	60,690	49,700
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	81,090	40,585	40,505
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	29,300	20,105	9,195
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	174,185	84,745	89,445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	48,580	21,830	26,755
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	498,815	236,155	262,665
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	276,640	128,890	147,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	48,390	21,995	26,395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	12,900	5,750	7,150
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	137,150	66,720	70,430
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	23,735	12,795	10,935
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	1,650,135	807,555	842,580
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	567,220	283,355	283,860
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	56,030	12,985	43,045
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	56,030	12,985	43,045
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	69,210	32,705	36,505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	8,075	5,620	2,455
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	61,135	27,085	34,045
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	78,920	30,815	48,110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	15,135	3,710	11,430
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	8,800	2,825	5,970
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	28,165	11,870	16,295
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	935	325	605
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	5,015	2,980	2,035
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	2,225	1,440	780
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	6,815	3,655	3,160
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	11,835	4,005	7,835
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	157,220	58,185	99,040
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	2,145	640	1,510
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	23,760	8,265	15,495
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	18,245	2,110	16,130
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	28,365	11,670	16,690
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	4,005	1,235	2,770
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	21,400	5,075	16,330
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	59,300	29,185	30,110
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	248,895	110,950	137,945
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	230	125	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	11,535	2,785	8,745
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	237,125	108,040	129,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	57,445	29,770	27,670
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	23,060	9,475	13,585
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	10,555	5,610	4,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	5,355	2,735	2,620
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	16,655	10,925	5,725
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	1,825	1,025	800
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	65,435	46,010	19,420
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	53,075	39,595	13,480
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	3,720	895	2,825
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	7,120	4,425	2,695
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	1,515	1,095	425
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	173,380	143,615	29,765
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	13,085	7,045	6,040
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	78,800	61,515	17,290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	27,365	23,480	3,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	21,310	20,295	1,010
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	20,645	19,920	730
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	12,110	11,340	775
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	11,685	5,720	5,960
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	7,725	3,820	3,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	3,960	1,895	2,060
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	122,295	30,795	91,495
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	6,950	3,490	3,460
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	109,185	24,140	85,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	235	110	125
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	5,925	3,060	2,865
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	42,230	22,590	19,640
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	26,800	9,745	17,060
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	45	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	170	170	0
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	6,855	5,225	1,630
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	8,355	7,410	945
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	180	55	125
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	265,025	144,230	120,800
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	38,405	8,860	29,545
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	38,405	8,860	29,545
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	54,840	26,500	28,340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	6,635	4,630	2,005
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	48,205	21,870	26,335
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	52,565	20,765	31,805
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	11,310	2,805	8,510
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	6,465	2,100	4,365
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	16,385	7,290	9,100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	625	205	415
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	3,605	2,150	1,455
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	1,295	890	405
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	4,965	2,670	2,300
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	7,920	2,660	5,255
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	121,985	44,105	77,880
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	1,715	520	1,190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	20,165	6,920	13,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	14,380	1,525	12,850
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	22,425	8,630	13,785
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	2,935	915	2,020
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	15,795	3,645	12,150
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	44,580	21,945	22,635
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	199,525	87,920	111,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	190	105	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	8,920	2,215	6,705
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	190,410	85,600	104,810
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	37,905	19,350	18,560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	18,535	7,670	10,860
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	4,885	2,570	2,310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	1,385	765	625
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	11,860	7,610	4,250
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	1,240	735	510
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	53,860	38,275	15,590
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	45,135	33,805	11,335
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	2,550	635	1,915
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	5,175	3,140	2,040
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	1,000	690	305
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	137,395	112,025	25,370
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	10,855	5,700	5,155
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	66,210	51,090	15,115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	20,510	17,545	2,955
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	16,030	15,195	835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	15,275	14,660	615
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	8,455	7,805	650
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	9,845	4,635	5,210
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	6,465	3,045	3,415
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	3,380	1,585	1,795
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	92,595	23,265	69,330
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	5,570	2,765	2,805
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	82,410	18,370	64,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	185	75	115
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	4,425	2,055	2,370
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	32,910	17,695	15,220
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	20,670	7,455	13,220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	40	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	95	95	0
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	5,410	4,150	1,260
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	6,695	5,960	735
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	140	30	110
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	265,025	144,230	120,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	831,975	403,415	428,560
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	598,455	286,340	312,115
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	566,540	270,160	296,380
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	31,915	16,180	15,735
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	233,520	117,075	116,445
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	41,560	21,015	20,550
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	13,525	7,585	5,945
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	5,165	2,400	2,770
Cuba	1,340	685	660	1,440	735	705
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	5,155	2,830	2,325
Jamaica	110	70	45	130	70	60
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	4,100	1,950	2,150
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	3,860	1,790	2,065
Peru	1,375	580	795	1,475	625	845
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	1,870	775	1,090
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	4,850	2,255	2,595
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	74,705	39,515	35,190
Belgium	1,775	910	865	1,865	950	920
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	43,480	23,805	19,675
Germany	1,035	560	475	1,240	665	575
Netherlands	465	260	205	525	300	225
Switzerland	965	570	400	1,085	610	475
Hungary	195	105	95	230	125	105
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	2,155	1,030	1,125
Poland	815	285	530	965	345	620
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	4,030	2,045	1,975
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	2,965	1,350	1,615
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	2,410	1,075	1,340
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	330	225	110
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	5,815	3,140	2,680
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	130	75	55
Italy	1,325	760	565	1,460	820	640
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	145	50	95
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	5,870	2,905	2,965
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	50,645	26,790	23,860
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	1,430	740	690
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	19,530	10,160	9,370
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	9,845	5,080	4,765
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	4,725	2,660	2,060
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	3,655	1,900	1,760
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	345	165	180
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	11,115	6,080	5,030
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	65,125	28,945	36,180
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	7,025	3,280	3,745
Iraq	330	180	150	425	215	210
Israel	520	285	235	950	480	465
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	4,800	2,370	2,430
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	3,465	1,630	1,830
Turkey	695	400	295	825	475	350
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	13,220	5,865	7,360
Taiwan	365	150	220	440	180	260
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	275	130	150
Japan	800	300	500	905	330	575
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	1,625	560	1,065
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	10,585	3,395	7,190
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	1,225	445	780
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	2,070	1,095	980
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	715	275	445
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	10,915	5,585	5,330
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	1,410	705	705
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	4,240	1,925	2,310
Oceania	1,305	730	575	1,475	820	660
Australia	1,095	610	490	1,210	665	545
New Zealand	165	100	70	225	130	95
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	50	25	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	1,081,640	561,340	520,295
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	971,245	502,885	468,360
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	110,395	58,460	51,935
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	568,495	246,215	322,280
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	65.5	69.5	61.8
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	58.9	62.3	55.6
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	10.2	10.4	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	1,650,135	807,555	842,580
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	582,470	253,075	329,400
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	1,067,665	554,490	513,175
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	529,400	287,950	241,450
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	538,265	266,540	271,725
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	39.7	40.2	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	1,081,635	561,345	520,295
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	31,515	15,365	16,150
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	1,050,120	545,980	504,150
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	907,745	457,830	449,915
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	741,830	380,445	361,385
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	165,915	77,385	88,530
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	69,690	31,285	38,405
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	96,225	46,100	50,120
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	142,380	88,145	54,230
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	1,081,635	561,345	520,295
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	31,515	15,365	16,150
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	1,050,120	545,980	504,150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	19,090	13,485	5,600
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	207,660	79,975	127,685
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	114,775	85,780	28,990
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	85,545	21,700	63,845
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	140,500	46,385	94,115
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	61,790	31,615	30,175
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	263,055	135,300	127,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	109,555	99,115	10,440
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	5,775	4,415	1,355
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	42,380	28,195	14,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	1,081,635	561,345	520,295
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	31,515	15,365	16,150
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	1,050,120	545,980	504,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	3,250	1,910	1,340
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	1,355	910	440
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	5,585	3,470	2,110
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	37,460	31,570	5,890
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	86,535	58,295	28,235
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	42,365	25,230	17,140
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	111,555	56,180	55,375
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	56,160	43,355	12,805
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	43,110	26,250	16,865
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	53,430	27,205	26,225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	20,440	11,820	8,615
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	130,405	75,750	54,655
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	2,130	1,045	1,080
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	49,530	29,800	19,735
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	95,290	34,510	60,780
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	142,545	36,095	106,450
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	23,355	12,045	11,315
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	59,510	32,125	27,380
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	43,990	17,935	26,050
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	42,120	20,455	21,665
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	1,148,440	595,375	553,060
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	201,310	110,165	91,150
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	416,430	206,170	210,265
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	8,105	4,035	4,075
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	8,100	4,035	4,065
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	473,485	249,700	223,785
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	12,600	7,050	5,545
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	7,410	3,530	3,880
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	28,645	14,450	14,195
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	455	280	170
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	1,148,440	595,375	553,060
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	1,022,255	529,440	492,820
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	1,007,600	522,060	485,540
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	361,715	194,885	166,835
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	645,885	327,180	318,705
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	14,660	7,380	7,285
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	30	0	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	30	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	30	0	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	14,625	7,380	7,250
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	1,450	790	655
Berber languages	20	15	0	25	20	0
Kabyle	20	15	0	25	20	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	1,425	780	650
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,190	670	520	1,275	720	555
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	125	50	80
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	1,250	550	700
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	175	70	100
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	1,075	475	600
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	125	60	65
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	95	50	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	0	10
Creole languages	210	95	110	210	100	110
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	210	100	110
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	95	30	60
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tamil	75	25	45	85	30	50
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	6,880	3,515	3,370
Albanian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	80	60	25	85	60	30
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	675	220	455
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	180	370	675	220	455
Bulgarian	15	0	15	35	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	30	65	95	30	75
Russian	385	130	250	485	165	320
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	15	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	45	10	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	850	405	450
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	815	385	430
German	95	65	35	115	65	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	695	325	375	700	325	375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	25	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	15	0	0	15	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	205	65	135
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	1,905	1,070	835
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	1,550	860	690
Bengali	85	25	55	85	25	55
Gujarati	20	0	20	30	10	20
Hindi	120	55	60	125	60	65
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	1,200	705	495
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	110	55	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	285	175	110	355	210	145
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	25	20	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	255	150	105	325	185	140
Dari	20	10	10	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	295	165	135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	15	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	3,155	1,690	1,465
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	160	150	330	165	160
Portuguese	245	90	155	275	105	170
Romanian	80	50	30	110	70	45
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	2,425	1,335	1,090
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	130	25	110
Korean	240	100	145	280	115	165
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	50	35	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	15	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	15	15	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	30	55	90	35	60
American Sign Language	15	10	10	25	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	60	20	40
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	3,935	2,055	1,875
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	3,935	2,055	1,875
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	2,645	1,430	1,215
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	60	25	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	1,215	595	620
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	90	55	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	80	50	30	90	50	40
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	15	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	10	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	126,180	65,940	60,240
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	116,535	60,925	55,605
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	3,595	2,065	1,530
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	2,450	1,125	1,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	3,555	1,810	1,750
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	45	10	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	1,148,440	595,375	553,060
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	743,180	381,875	361,305
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	219,885	116,455	103,430
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	149,470	78,495	70,975
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	16,645	8,685	7,960
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	90	30	60
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	16,555	8,655	7,900
English and French	1,155	540	610	1,270	595	675
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	9,295	4,530	4,765
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	6,620	3,610	3,005
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	190	100	85
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	1,895	1,035	865
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	971,245	502,885	468,360
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	298,820	151,335	147,485
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	3,270	2,060	1,205
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	89,120	62,795	26,325
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	580,035	286,695	293,340
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	580,035	286,695	293,340
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	427,475	202,010	225,465
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	91,735	47,670	44,070
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	58,865	35,690	23,175
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	1,955	1,320	635
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	669,150	349,485	319,665
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	395,615	229,315	166,300
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	365,770	218,475	147,295
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	29,845	10,845	19,005
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	177,860	74,605	103,260
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	61,160	26,300	34,860
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	21,435	12,640	8,795
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	13,090	6,635	6,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	669,150	349,485	319,665
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	125,240	61,185	64,055
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	241,005	129,590	111,420
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	176,925	96,710	80,215
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	67,635	33,110	34,530
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	58,350	28,905	29,445
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	669,150	349,485	319,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	38,800	28,480	10,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	95,270	56,280	38,990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	166,695	79,410	87,280
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	149,185	68,865	80,320
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	106,855	50,615	56,240
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	112,350	65,830	46,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	371,310	189,920	181,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	109,065	56,315	52,750
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	262,245	133,605	128,640
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	264,905	135,505	129,395
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	82,880	42,755	40,130
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	67,535	34,945	32,590
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	15,350	7,810	7,540
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	182,020	92,755	89,270

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table