Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	465	90	375	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	746,560	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	808,645	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	663,835	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	25	5	20	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	95	35	60	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	5	0	5	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140
Inuktitut	135	30	105	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	355	150	205
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	15	10	5	275	115	155
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	485	220	265
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25
Dakota	0	0	0	560	245	315
Stoney	0	0	0	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	590	300	290
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	985	570	415	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	395	225	170
Chadic languages	335	180	160	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	175	100	70	1,315	740	570
Mina	165	80	90	675	340	335
Coptic	165	90	75	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	20	10	10	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	735	345	390	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	755	400	350
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	495	235	255	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	1,600	805	795
Harari	5	5	0	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	5	0	5	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	705	360	340	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	85	40	50	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	680	250	430	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	0	0	0	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	405	165	240	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	15	10	5	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	285	120	160	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	835	415	425
Malay	45	20	30	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	90	40	50	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	600	315	290
Krio	10	10	5	795	365	435
Morisyen	910	440	470	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	50	25	20	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	225	140	90	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	1,350	915	430	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	15	10	5	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	370	170	195
Georgian	105	45	55	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	1,795	885	910	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	315	125	195	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	115	55	60	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	205	70	140	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	30	15	15	720	325	395
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	555	255	300	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	95	40	55	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	5	5	0	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	340	170	175	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	865	415	450	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	1,300	645	650	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	345	130	220	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	440	235	205
Celtic languages	40	25	10	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	10	5	0	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	425	210	210
Welsh	15	10	5	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	230	135	95
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	5	5	0	1,570	800	775
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	235	125	110	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	65	40	25	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	740	390	345	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	5	0	0	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	150	70	80	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	30	15	15	905	430	480
Norwegian	65	35	30	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	230	120	110	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	1,330	670	660
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	20	10	10	545	265	280
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	90	40	45	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	25	15	5	745	395	350
Konkani	55	35	20	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	345	200	145	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	330	170	160	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	45	25	20	1,775	940	835
Odia	25	15	10	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	0	0	0	545	265	280
Sindhi	45	30	20	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	5	5	0	555	305	250
Kurdish	435	245	190	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	25	20	10	555	310	240
Pashto	975	525	450	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	1,085	520	565	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	190	90	95	905	470	440
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	385	195	185
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	100	35	65	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	665	360	310	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	60	25	35	1,685	745	940
Éwé	330	185	150	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	45	25	20	815	400	415
Ganda	25	10	15	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	0	5	0	760	320	440
Igbo	90	55	35	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	1,680	750	930	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	520	245	275
Mòoré	150	85	70	515	260	260
Mwani	20	10	10	695	365	325
Ndebele	30	15	20	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	80	40	40	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	205	135	70	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	520	200	320
Swahili	795	385	400	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	485	225	255	1,030	495	535
Wolof	1,495	800	690	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	625	325	295	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	5	5	5	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	575	305	270
Sign languages	275	140	135	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	35	20	15	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	210	85	125	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	15	5	5	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	45	15	30	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	870	400	475
Karenic languages	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	615	305	315
Tibetan	65	30	35	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	1,280	615	665	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	405	115	295	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	410	165	240
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	25	15	15	540	230	305
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	140	65	75	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	40	25	20	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	70	30	40	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	140	55	85	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	10	0	5	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	40	20	25	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25
Inuktitut	30	5	25	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	130
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	240	110	130
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60
Stoney	0	0	0	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	70	25	40
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	360	195	165	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	280	155	130
Chadic languages	125	60	65	835	425	410
Hausa	80	45	45	635	330	305
Mina	40	15	25	200	95	105
Coptic	120	65	60	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	10	5	10	1,645	890	760
Oromo	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	345	160	185	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	425	215	205
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	240	115	125	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	1,220	605	615
Harari	0	0	0	680	305	380
Hebrew	715	375	335	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	0	0	0	795	360	435
Tigrigna	445	230	215	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	35	15	15	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	425	180	250	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	0	0	0	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	960	415	545	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	170	85	90	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	5	0	0	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	725	370	355
Merina	65	30	35	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	390	205	190
Malay	10	5	5	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	25	10	15	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	300	125	175
Krio	0	0	0	360	150	210
Morisyen	475	225	250	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	10	10	5	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	115	65	50	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	970	520	445	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	820	550	275	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	10	5	5	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	205	105	105
Georgian	45	20	25	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	1,050	505	540	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	85	40	50	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	35	20	15	880	395	485
Lithuanian	50	25	30	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	5	5	5	215	100	115
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	165	75	90	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	60	25	30	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	170	80	90	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	365	165	200	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	645	320	325	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	640	315	325
Slovak	70	30	40	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	95	55	40
Celtic languages	5	10	0	555	295	265
Irish	5	5	0	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	105	55	55
Welsh	0	0	0	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	5	0	5	270	110	155
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	510	245	270	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	20	10	10	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	30	15	15	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	105	55	50	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	15	10	10	615	280	340
Icelandic	15	5	10	175	75	95
Norwegian	5	0	5	260	125	135
Swedish	45	20	25	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	740	355	390
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	5	5	0	215	110	110
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	60	30	35	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	0	0	0	270	130	140
Konkani	15	5	5	880	415	470
Marathi	160	90	70	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	225	115	105	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	5	5	0	795	420	375
Odia	5	5	0	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	410	195	215
Sindhi	10	10	0	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	0	0	0	330	170	155
Kurdish	220	120	105	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	15	5	5	280	130	150
Pashto	750	405	350	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	675	320	355	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	75	30	40	370	185	190
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	190	95	95
Japanese	705	285	425	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	55	25	30	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	205	100	105	560	280	280
Edo	20	10	10	365	150	215
Éwé	85	45	40	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	1,315	665	650
Ga	20	10	10	260	115	150
Ganda	5	0	5	555	260	295
Gikuyu	0	0	0	105	50	55
Igbo	20	10	10	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	570	255	320	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	90	35	60
Mòoré	25	10	10	70	30	35
Mwani	10	5	0	160	85	75
Ndebele	5	0	5	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	35	15	20	1,035	480	555
Soninke	95	65	30	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	130	45	85
Swahili	290	155	135	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	130	50	80	290	130	160
Wolof	600	325	275	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	180	85	90	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	0	0	0	900	485	420
Nuer	5	0	0	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	140	75	70
Sign languages	515	300	220	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	90	45	40	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	75	35	35	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	5	0	5	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	30	10	20	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	660	320	340
Karenic languages	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	225	210
Tibetan	35	20	15	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	715	350	370	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	150	60	90	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	85	125
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	5	0	5	105	55	50
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	100	45	60	850	420	435
Uzbek	15	10	10	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	410	195	210
Uralic languages	695	285	415	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	0	0	0	615	245	370
Finnish	20	10	15	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	675	275	400	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	390	195	195
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	20	0	15	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	150	60	90	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	20	10	10	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150
Tlingit	0	0	0	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205
Inuktitut	310	75	235	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135
Mohawk	60	45	20	1,605	655	950
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120
Michif	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	10	10	0	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	0	0	0	370	195	175
Dakota	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Stoney	0	0	0	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	575	370	210	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	625	290	340	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	745	385	360	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	15	10	0	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	10	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	1,115	515	600	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	780	375	405	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	20	10	10	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	820	400	420	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	175	65	110	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	0	0	0	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	805	365	440	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	45	25	20	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	655	320	335	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	1,565	785	780
Malay	355	190	165	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	120	55	65	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	60	25	40	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	185	100	80	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	540	325	215	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	30	10	10	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	970	450	520
Georgian	150	75	70	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	530	215	315	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	190	85	105	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	340	135	210	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	160	55	105	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	990	455	535	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	215	80	135	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	675	315	365	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	1,515	775	740	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	1,725	840	885	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	590	250	340	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	770	385	385
Celtic languages	275	150	125	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	120	65	55	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	35	20	15	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	910	495	415
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	40	20	25	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	300	120	175	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	205	95	105	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	1,645	825	820	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	425	190	230	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	45	20	20	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	285	155	130	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	820	445	370	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	1,275	720	555
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	35	25	15	1,155	590	565
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	195	95	95	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	40	25	15	1,830	965	865
Konkani	155	95	60	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	780	440	340	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	485	270	220	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	45	20	35	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	30	15	15	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420
Sindhi	100	50	50	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	0	0	0	985	565	420
Kurdish	780	465	315	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	80	35	40	1,000	535	470
Pashto	1,225	645	580	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	1,280	645	640	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	715	400	315	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	180	55	120	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	245	115	125	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	865	505	360	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	220	145	75	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	75	40	30	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	45	0	40	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	485	280	205	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	620	340	280	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	20	15	10	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	115	70	40	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	245	150	95	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	465	310	155	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	1,305	580	725
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	10	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	0	0	0	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	495	160	330	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	335	170	160	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	35	20	20	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	65	10	60	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	395	450
Tibetan	95	50	50	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	1,085	390	695	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	800	330	465
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	60	35	25	1,415	600	815
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	205	95	110	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	140	85	55	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	85	35	50	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	245	120	125	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	1,350	660	690	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	760	390	375	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	1,365	650	720	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	500	310	190	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	495	250	250	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	660	305	355	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	400	200	200	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	1,610	890	725	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	1,105	455	645	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	1,260	575	685	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	135	70	60	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	1,320	690	625	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	235	130	105	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	420	260	160	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	625	235	390	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	750	355	395	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	715	385	335	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	1,470	795	675	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	275	145	125	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	90	40	45	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	550	310	240	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	40	25	20	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	180	95	85	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	960	465	495	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	245	145	100	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	145	90	60	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	185	55	130	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	355	160	195	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	180	110	75	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	520	295	225	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	910	395	515	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	195	125	65	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	1,820	845	970	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	385	195	195	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	1,000	425	580	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	345	205	145	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	1,755	835	920	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	250	130	125	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	795	370	430	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	1,375	640	735	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	1,155	550	610	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	52,040	24,510	27,530
South African	465	220	245	49,840	24,885	24,955
Australian	830	405	425	46,765	24,165	22,595
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	45,905	23,930	21,975
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	45,685	22,520	23,165
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	45,260	22,000	23,260
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	44,720	21,700	23,025
Ethiopian	965	495	475	42,545	20,675	21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	42,405	20,105	22,300
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	42,295	19,925	22,370
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	42,075	21,740	20,330
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	41,950	19,835	22,115
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	41,700	22,325	19,370
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	41,620	21,050	20,570
Maltese	360	200	160	40,670	20,210	20,455
Macedonian	325	165	160	39,440	19,500	19,940
Slovenian	825	365	455	38,595	18,785	19,815
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	38,520	18,935	19,585
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	37,670	18,235	19,435
Gujarati	880	475	405	36,970	19,580	17,385
Eritrean	615	305	310	36,290	18,185	18,110
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	35,395	17,140	18,250
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	35,345	18,410	16,940
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	33,330	16,485	16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	33,135	15,355	17,775
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	33,085	16,235	16,850
Albertan	100	35	65	32,575	16,525	16,055
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	31,720	15,650	16,065
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	31,440	15,265	16,175
African American	1,600	790	810	31,430	15,700	15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	30,565	14,635	15,930
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	30,465	16,585	13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	30,220	15,225	14,995
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	30,065	14,830	15,235
Bosnian	510	245	270	28,490	14,320	14,170
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	28,395	13,220	15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	28,225	13,490	14,735
Latvian	625	330	295	28,140	13,515	14,620
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	26,675	13,830	12,850
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	26,535	12,960	13,580
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	26,460	13,920	12,540
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	26,330	11,910	14,415
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	25,875	12,500	13,375
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	25,575	11,860	13,715
Northern Irish	310	160	150	25,200	12,495	12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	24,420	12,265	12,155
British Columbian	90	40	50	24,325	12,230	12,095
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	24,255	11,510	12,745
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	24,110	11,540	12,570
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	23,500	11,665	11,840
Estonian	365	215	150	23,455	11,080	12,375
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	23,130	12,670	10,460
Fijian	15	0	10	23,020	11,040	11,980
Jatt	390	185	205	22,785	11,695	11,090
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	22,785	11,680	11,105
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	22,570	11,405	11,165
Thai	1,150	395	755	22,275	8,525	13,750
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	22,125	10,615	11,510
Nepali	430	240	185	21,975	11,215	10,765
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	20,565	10,595	9,975
Assyrian	345	150	200	19,685	9,730	9,955
Igbo	565	325	240	19,305	9,890	9,415
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	18,850	9,055	9,795
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	18,745	9,030	9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	18,545	8,975	9,570
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	18,420	8,545	9,870
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	18,190	8,850	9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	17,955	8,625	9,330
New Zealander	265	150	115	17,755	9,275	8,470
Sudanese	300	155	145	17,485	8,825	8,665
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	17,465	8,710	8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	17,315	7,300	10,020
Malaysian	375	205	165	17,050	7,935	9,115
Plains Cree	35	15	20	16,570	8,255	8,310
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	16,315	8,565	7,750
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	15,910	7,715	8,195
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	15,780	7,505	8,280
Buddhist	690	295	400	15,660	7,485	8,175
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	15,650	7,290	8,360
Norman	1,850	905	940	15,340	8,155	7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	15,055	7,180	7,875
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	15,010	7,255	7,755
Saulteaux	35	10	15	14,265	6,730	7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	14,260	6,525	7,735
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	14,110	6,810	7,295
Tigrinya	370	210	160	13,910	7,435	6,470
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	13,840	6,730	7,120
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	13,755	7,020	6,730
Kenyan	210	95	115	13,565	6,510	7,055
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	13,245	5,800	7,445
Jordanian	770	430	340	13,225	7,055	6,170
Manitoban	110	45	60	13,095	6,530	6,565
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	13,065	6,175	6,885
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	12,890	6,150	6,740
Grenadian	910	350	560	12,890	5,965	6,930
Malayali	335	185	150	12,490	6,580	5,910
Chaldean	110	40	75	12,115	6,080	6,035
Sinhalese	310	150	165	12,080	5,905	6,170
Mayan	1,695	900	795	11,710	5,980	5,730
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	10,920	5,370	5,550
Cherokee	195	90	100	10,825	5,080	5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	10,750	5,130	5,620
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	10,490	4,710	5,775
Flemish	520	265	255	10,275	4,950	5,325
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	10,015	4,975	5,045
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	9,955	5,115	4,840
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	9,915	5,165	4,750
Sicilian	970	495	470	9,835	5,135	4,695
Pashtun	475	245	220	9,825	5,195	4,625
Malay	300	135	165	9,795	4,725	5,065
Goan	115	55	60	9,700	4,710	4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	9,455	4,705	4,755
Tibetan	135	65	70	9,350	4,650	4,700
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	9,165	4,435	4,725
Burmese	225	105	120	9,150	4,385	4,760
Mongolian	480	210	270	9,090	4,240	4,850
Azorean	730	310	415	8,970	4,235	4,735
Atikamekw	325	145	180	8,400	4,270	4,125
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	8,315	4,220	4,090
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	8,310	3,765	4,545
Ugandan	100	55	50	8,285	3,910	4,375
Oromo	50	25	25	8,255	4,425	3,830
Tanzanian	175	85	90	8,140	3,945	4,195
Yemeni	515	275	240	8,115	3,995	4,130
Central African	1,415	675	740	8,080	3,830	4,250
Libyan	590	320	270	7,945	4,265	3,680
Basque	980	515	465	7,745	4,030	3,710
Uruguayan	785	450	335	7,660	3,870	3,790
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	7,640	3,835	3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	7,635	3,690	3,950
Igorot	290	105	185	7,535	3,305	4,230
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	7,480	3,865	3,620
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	7,390	3,700	3,695
St. Lucian	255	100	155	7,285	3,340	3,945
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875
Maliseet	200	70	135	7,220	3,515	3,705
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	6,810	3,630	3,180
Telugu	180	125	55	6,670	3,730	2,945
Roma	235	110	125	6,545	3,225	3,320
Costa Rican	720	425	295	6,500	3,265	3,230
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	6,480	2,945	3,535
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	6,255	3,085	3,170
Kashmiri	75	40	30	6,165	3,020	3,145
Singaporean	75	55	15	6,060	2,755	3,305
Karen	10	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985
Edo	290	130	155	5,985	2,995	2,995
Tajik	100	45	55	5,980	2,965	3,015
Amhara	95	45	45	5,945	3,010	2,930
Paraguayan	90	35	60	5,925	2,855	3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	356,975	157,435	199,540
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995
Anabaptist	195	80	120	144,145	70,095	74,050
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	1,134,315	515,270	619,045
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	436,940	200,325	236,615
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	623,010	301,055	321,955
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	137,255	59,505	77,750
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	87,725	41,365	46,360
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	328,045	150,115	177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	100,655	46,640	54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	399,025	180,870	218,155
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	301,400	136,440	164,960
Reformed	310	150	165	79,870	39,250	40,620
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	1,214,185	531,740	682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	745,650	345,540	400,110
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	828,195	430,135	398,060
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	335,295	164,220	171,070
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	1,775,715	904,205	871,510
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	771,790	394,345	377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	80,685	38,460	42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	229,015	97,645	131,370
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	1,813,155	895,610	917,550
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	1,519,200	748,025	771,180
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	1,250,235	612,810	637,425
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	268,965	135,215	133,750
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	293,955	147,585	146,370
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	921,345	459,695	461,650
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	1,692,390	859,195	833,200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	1,458,160	827,980	630,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	1,183,395	983,525	199,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	896,755	372,560	524,195
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	556,510	243,200	313,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	214,105	108,000	106,105
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	1,740,605	824,250	916,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	279,660	165,795	113,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	1,050,285	586,420	463,865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	836,220	693,830	142,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	623,090	261,035	362,050
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	430,875	179,230	251,645
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	167,730	75,120	92,615
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	1,446,435	659,295	787,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	209,445	115,530	93,915
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	631,255	274,065	357,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	74,785	53,390	21,395
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	556,470	220,680	335,790
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	926,560	354,120	572,440
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	106,345	23,460	82,885
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	184,600	53,020	131,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	316,050	119,215	196,830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	18,935	6,835	12,095
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	57,745	33,040	24,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	77,510	46,140	31,365
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	108,935	58,310	50,620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	56,440	14,090	42,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	29,430	7,065	22,365
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	233,400	88,205	145,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	344,150	27,905	316,240
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	325,785	115,335	210,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	49,855	16,000	33,850
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	327,965	79,295	248,665
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	705,540	336,960	368,580
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	5,335	1,705	3,630
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	272,240	55,995	216,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	719,715	353,540	366,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	297,055	121,615	175,435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	155,955	72,245	83,705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	35,380	14,950	20,430
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	196,620	130,745	65,875
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	34,710	13,985	20,730
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	804,230	531,435	272,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	643,145	454,370	188,775
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	43,085	7,100	35,985
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	99,360	57,560	41,800
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	18,640	12,400	6,240
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	135,020	81,930	53,090
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	900,475	723,080	177,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	726,155	638,355	87,800
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	580	190	390
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	703,905	683,060	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	659,480	640,895	18,590
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	380,505	363,710	16,795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	407,545	234,360	173,175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	262,580	140,520	122,070
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	144,960	93,845	51,115
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	180,785	89,005	91,780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	5,255	1,425	3,825
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	64,030	34,630	29,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	1,006,425	520,970	485,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	548,520	151,115	397,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	3,965	3,520	445
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	6,900	6,210	690
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	227,835	160,930	66,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	219,205	199,190	20,010
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	5,305	1,640	3,665
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	742,175	158,185	583,990
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	742,175	158,185	583,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	490,455	210,500	279,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	54,645	38,170	16,475
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	435,815	172,330	263,480
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	649,695	241,235	408,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	79,235	16,400	62,835
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	134,815	37,610	97,210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	216,725	80,505	136,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	12,910	4,540	8,370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	41,640	23,645	17,990
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	48,920	29,245	19,675
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	78,415	40,800	37,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	37,045	8,490	28,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	23,895	5,520	18,370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	196,475	72,125	124,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	270,970	20,095	250,875
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	261,265	82,850	178,420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	37,830	12,160	25,670
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	249,205	55,840	193,365
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	549,090	254,250	294,840
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	3,995	1,335	2,665
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	213,140	40,230	172,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	513,555	241,780	271,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	227,460	90,390	137,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	108,350	48,075	60,280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	14,270	5,690	8,580
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	140,510	88,540	51,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	22,960	9,090	13,870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	667,305	445,970	221,330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	554,185	392,835	161,350
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	27,610	4,720	22,885
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	70,940	39,000	31,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	14,565	9,415	5,155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	105,845	61,230	44,605
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	724,235	568,385	155,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	536,600	464,510	72,090
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	510	160	350
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	510,105	493,000	17,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	467,225	452,385	14,840
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	266,690	253,110	13,585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	314,120	170,440	143,680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	199,335	99,700	99,635
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	114,780	70,745	44,040
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	139,280	67,885	71,385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	4,430	945	3,485
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	48,115	23,255	24,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	772,450	399,835	372,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	414,520	112,935	301,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	2,955	2,575	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	3,850	3,415	435
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	183,025	128,295	54,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	168,105	152,620	15,485
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	4,075	1,150	2,930
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	1,239,495	602,195	637,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	483,810	238,040	245,775
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	279,005	143,575	135,435
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	36,400	16,175	20,230
Cuba	1,340	685	660	8,345	4,275	4,070
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	10,620	5,645	4,970
Jamaica	110	70	45	12,780	6,110	6,670
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	40,050	18,445	21,605
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	31,165	13,875	17,295
Peru	1,375	580	795	7,780	3,025	4,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	12,655	5,330	7,320
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	45,000	21,575	23,425
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	543,725	281,205	262,520
Belgium	1,775	910	865	7,795	4,260	3,535
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	97,770	53,930	43,840
Germany	1,035	560	475	22,450	12,070	10,380
Netherlands	465	260	205	10,825	6,065	4,765
Switzerland	965	570	400	8,470	4,420	4,050
Hungary	195	105	95	5,160	2,465	2,700
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	9,055	4,165	4,890
Poland	815	285	530	25,215	11,115	14,100
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	32,250	16,190	16,060
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	36,095	16,250	19,845
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	36,405	16,635	19,775
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	16,040	9,175	6,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	151,900	81,980	69,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	6,030	2,915	3,115
Italy	1,325	760	565	8,895	5,055	3,840
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	8,745	4,470	4,280
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	60,615	30,055	30,560
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	216,815	111,010	105,805
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	33,280	16,395	16,880
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	33,230	17,020	16,210
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	23,640	12,125	11,510
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	12,655	7,100	5,555
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	30,255	15,145	15,115
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	19,060	9,900	9,160
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	64,700	33,325	31,385
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	1,352,215	594,805	757,410
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	66,630	30,180	36,450
Iraq	330	180	150	16,515	8,250	8,265
Israel	520	285	235	11,355	5,725	5,630
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	19,565	9,355	10,210
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	16,405	7,885	8,520
Turkey	695	400	295	11,855	6,595	5,260
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	201,100	87,370	113,720
Taiwan	365	150	220	14,520	4,750	9,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	18,325	7,445	10,875
Japan	800	300	500	18,605	5,280	13,325
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	53,575	20,575	33,000
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	305,795	115,370	190,420
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	12,500	4,490	8,005
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	25,000	11,360	13,645
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	15,085	7,090	7,995
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	405,850	199,380	206,475
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	75,155	35,055	40,100
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	64,385	28,650	35,735
Oceania	1,305	730	575	47,960	24,495	23,460
Australia	1,095	610	490	38,525	19,270	19,250
New Zealand	165	100	70	7,785	4,300	3,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	1,655	930	730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	1,988,645	999,600	989,045
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	486,865	237,950	248,915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	867,740	386,965	480,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	1,804,030	885,740	918,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	486,865	237,950	248,915
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	254,760	177,450	77,315
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	596,785	275,420	321,360
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	541,235	416,960	124,270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	857,540	612,415	245,120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	486,865	237,950	248,915
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	434,800	295,160	139,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	239,030	195,605	43,425
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	147,750	109,475	38,270
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	610,295	406,960	203,335
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	981,030	742,515	238,515
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	400,460	237,940	162,520
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	815,225	358,145	457,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	343,940	186,230	157,710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	1,571,160	877,780	693,380
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	45,455	21,495	23,955
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	792,600	457,880	334,725
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	1,413,320	436,645	976,670
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	350,710	180,205	170,500
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	1,085,270	478,000	607,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	797,935	373,775	424,165
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	1,188,915	598,780	590,135
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	169,205	89,515	79,685
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	6,935	3,590	3,345
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	162,265	85,925	76,345
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	1,682,510	859,635	822,870
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	570,220	291,000	279,220
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	20,935	9,955	10,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	69,340	34,190	35,145
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	11,265	5,960	5,305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	310,455	161,825	148,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	19,435	9,725	9,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	6,630	3,200	3,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	15	0	15	6,605	3,200	3,405
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	291,025	152,095	138,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	9,265	5,300	3,955
Berber languages	20	15	0	45	35	10
Kabyle	20	15	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	415	185	235
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	8,785	5,080	3,705
Amharic	0	0	0	215	95	120
Arabic	1,190	670	520	7,190	4,250	2,940
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hebrew	70	30	40	585	240	340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	325	165	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	9,770	4,135	5,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	495	215	285
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	9,260	3,905	5,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	4,760	2,180	2,580
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	10	10	0	165	90	70
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	4,205	1,895	2,310
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	50	30	20
Creole languages	210	95	110	390	185	210
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	375	170	205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	3,010	1,410	1,605
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	10	0	10	250	140	110
Tamil	75	25	45	2,685	1,255	1,425
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	112,395	64,055	48,335
Albanian	10	0	0	315	170	140
Armenian	80	60	25	530	295	235
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	10,085	4,390	5,695
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40
Slavic languages	550	180	370	9,995	4,375	5,620
Bulgarian	15	0	15	145	55	90
Czech	0	0	0	105	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	90	30	65	2,265	1,000	1,265
Russian	385	130	250	5,240	2,085	3,155
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	835	485	355
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	80	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65
Serbian	0	0	0	555	310	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	1,265	620	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	14,250	8,060	6,190
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	790	385	405	10,480	5,695	4,790
German	95	65	35	6,615	3,655	2,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135
Yiddish	695	325	375	1,050	520	530
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	3,540	2,245	1,290
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40
Dutch	10	0	10	965	515	440
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	190	100	85
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	55	30	25
Swedish	15	0	0	90	45	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	175	55	120	875	445	430
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	55,455	32,965	22,490
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	48,020	28,910	19,100
Bengali	85	25	55	645	290	355
Gujarati	20	0	20	1,115	515	600
Hindi	120	55	60	2,235	1,145	1,090
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	275	125	145
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	40,840	25,480	15,365
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25
Urdu	100	55	45	2,725	1,265	1,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iranian languages	285	175	110	7,430	4,045	3,385
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35
Pashto	25	20	0	130	70	60
Persian languages	255	150	105	7,110	3,825	3,285
Dari	20	10	10	800	445	360
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	5,715	2,980	2,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	595	400	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	30,795	17,685	13,105
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	310	160	150	1,625	730	900
Portuguese	245	90	155	6,970	4,070	2,895
Romanian	80	50	30	680	375	310
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	21,455	12,465	8,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	125	25	105	3,560	1,225	2,340
Korean	240	100	145	14,345	7,125	7,225
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	410	210	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	15	0	0	20	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	150	95	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	20	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages	85	30	55	2,010	795	1,210
American Sign Language	15	10	10	1,590	620	970
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	285	110	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	65	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	128,375	64,180	64,190
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	128,045	63,990	64,055
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	76,040	37,760	38,280
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	485	210	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	50,950	25,725	25,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	460	240	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	295	175	125
Burmese	0	0	0	60	40	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	765	310	450
Lao	0	0	0	80	30	50
Thai	15	0	10	670	275	395
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkic languages	85	45	30	1,345	695	650
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25
Turkish	80	50	30	1,270	660	615
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	485	215	270
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65
Hungarian	15	0	10	330	170	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	453,880	231,205	222,675
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	321,975	163,305	158,675
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	115,955	60,210	55,745
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	6,280	2,795	3,485
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	7,405	3,795	3,605
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	2,265	1,100	1,165
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	902,625	474,755	427,875
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	589,755	288,955	300,800
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	331,375	168,035	163,335
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	18,190	7,740	10,450
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	313,185	160,295	152,885
English and French	1,155	540	610	2,940	1,445	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	33,125	15,680	17,445
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	22,615	11,475	11,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	360	210	150
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	50,740	25,425	25,315
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	58,335	40,295	18,035
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	98,060	60,210	37,850
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	844,155	343,100	501,050
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	1,000,510	422,270	578,235
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	672,815	296,610	376,205
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	138,615	92,195	46,415
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	285,820	144,225	141,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	910,610	542,485	368,125
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	926,120	599,115	327,005
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	938,820	701,960	236,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	1,661,340	740,915	920,430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	897,205	456,120	441,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	682,190	346,420	335,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	467,685	234,475	233,215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	214,500	111,950	102,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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