Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			48062629More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	3,371	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	1,253	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	1,190	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	4,018.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	0.84	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	3,370	1,675	1,700
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	810	435	370
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	330	165	165
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	255	150	105
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	220	125	100
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	2,420	1,180	1,240
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	180	80	100
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	195	105	95
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	260	125	135
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	445	200	245
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	395	205	195
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	280	135	140
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	250	115	130
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	195	90	100
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	145	85	65
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	75	50	30
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	145	55	85
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	65	25	40
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	40	15	25
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	20	5	15
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	10	5	5
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	0	0	0
100 years and over	195	45	155	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	24.0	26.0	21.8
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	71.8	70.4	72.9
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	4.3	3.3	5.0
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	31.6	30.9	32.4
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	32.8	32.8	32.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	1,190	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	670	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	300	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	155	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	1,190	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	220	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	360	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	225	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	245	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	145	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	3,370	1,675	1,695
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	2,565	1,240	1,330
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	1,700	845	855
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	1,455	720	730
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	245	125	125
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	210	110	105
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	35	15	20
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	865	390	475
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	655	335	315
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	50	15	30
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	105	35	75
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	55	5	50
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	960	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	380	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	230	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	250	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	100	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	955	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	830	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	710	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	505	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	200	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	125	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	100	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	125	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	105	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	3,370	1,675	1,695
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	2,965	1,485	1,485
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	1,665	830	835
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	125	20	105
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	1,180	635	545
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	990	540	450
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	190	95	90
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	405	185	215
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	215	105	110
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	85	30	55
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	100	55	45
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	1,190	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	830	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	725	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	470	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	255	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	105	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	50	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	40	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	45	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	220	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	2,565	1,235	1,330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	2,375	1,155	1,220
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	50,800	62,400	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	2,375	1,155	1,220
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	44,800	53,600	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	2,185	1,100	1,080
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	48,400	61,600	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	2,005	1,020	985
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	51,600	63,600	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	2,060	960	1,100
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	5,240	1,900	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	315	130	185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,680	5,280	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	840	375	465
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	2,520	1,205	1,315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	2,365	1,165	1,205
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	57,600	67,400	48,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	2,365	1,165	1,205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	48,680	55,500	42,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	2,185	1,110	1,065
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	54,600	65,000	43,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	2,025	1,025	1,000
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	53,800	64,400	42,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	2,075	985	1,090
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	8,300	5,960	10,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	330	165	165
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	6,960	4,360	9,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	900	410	490
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	8,620	8,160	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	2,525	1,210	1,310
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	930	515	415
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	72,000	81,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	79,200	88,800	67,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	880	415	465
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	26,200	38,400	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	34,600	42,400	27,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	87.4	92.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	80.0	84.4	74.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	12.6	7.5	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.7	0.9	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	6.2	4.5	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	5.7	4.3	7.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	2,565	1,240	1,330
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	190	85	110
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	2,375	1,155	1,220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	195	75	125
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	225	85	140
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	270	100	165
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	265	105	155
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	225	90	135
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	195	90	105
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	195	100	95
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	170	95	75
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	130	80	45
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	140	75	60
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	375	260	115
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	275	175	100
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	105	80	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	2,565	1,240	1,330
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	190	85	110
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	2,380	1,155	1,220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	200	75	125
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	230	90	140
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	310	120	190
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	315	125	185
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	280	120	155
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	245	125	120
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	225	125	95
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	165	105	65
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	125	70	55
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	105	70	35
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	180	130	50
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	105	70	35
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	75	60	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	2,565	1,240	1,330
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	560	215	345
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	2,005	1,025	985
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	185	70	115
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	130	50	80
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	195	75	120
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	155	55	100
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	150	70	80
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	170	80	90
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	140	70	65
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	175	95	80
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	145	70	75
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	115	70	45
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	120	75	45
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	320	230	95
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	160	100	55
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	165	130	35
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	2,565	1,235	1,330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	2,315	1,125	1,190
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	49,600	61,600	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	2,315	1,125	1,190
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	44,000	52,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	2,145	1,075	1,070
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	50,000	63,600	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	2,000	1,010	990
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	50,400	63,200	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	1,975	935	1,035
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	980	890	2,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	225	80	145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	7,700	4,480	11,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	2,520	1,205	1,315
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	2,290	1,115	1,175
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	57,100	66,400	48,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	2,290	1,115	1,175
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	48,000	54,400	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	2,135	1,065	1,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	57,350	67,200	47,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	1,970	975	995
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	56,600	68,000	45,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	1,990	940	1,045
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	4,300	2,468	5,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	210	80	135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	8,600	6,200	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	2,525	1,210	1,310
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	910	500	405
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	72,500	79,500	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	76,600	86,400	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	820	385	430
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	30,200	40,000	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	43,900	53,800	35,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	93.4	96.8	89.2
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	85.4	90.0	79.6
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	6.5	3.2	11.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.4	0.7	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	1,190	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	970	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	100,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	940	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	126,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	1,190	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	75	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	50	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	690	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	155	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	200	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	1,190	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	85	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	75	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	110	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	220	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	160	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	170	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	935	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	535	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	320	165	155
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	60,800	64,000	55,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	52,400	54,000	48,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	920	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	550	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	133,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	113,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	270	125	150
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	75,000	88,000	64,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	60,800	67,000	55,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	3,370	1,670	1,700
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	925	490	430
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	395	210	185
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	2,305	1,125	1,180
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	145	55	85
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	305	145	155
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	125	60	60
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	45	25	25
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	160	80	85
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	8.9	8.6	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	13.2	12.4	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	12.0	12.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	7.1	6.8	7.4
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	12.0	12.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	3,370	1,675	1,695
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	920	495	430
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	395	210	185
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	2,305	1,125	1,175
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	140	55	90
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	220	105	110
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	75	35	45
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	135	70	65
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	6.5	6.4	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	8.4	7.2	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	8.0	7.0	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.8	6.2	5.4
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	6.0	x	6.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	3,370	1,675	1,695
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	1,385	665	720
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	285	145	145
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	225	100	130
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	275	135	140
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	285	130	150
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	315	160	160
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	1,985	1,010	975
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	395	205	190
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	425	210	215
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	415	205	210
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	380	195	190
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	365	195	170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	3,370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	3,375	1,675	1,695
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	3,140	1,570	1,570
French only	825	350	480	5	0	0
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	160	75	85
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	70	30	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	3,375	1,675	1,695
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	3,260	1,625	1,635
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	25	10	15
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	70	30	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	3,375	1,675	1,695
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	3,060	1,510	1,545
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	1,855	935	925
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	1,835	925	910
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	25	10	15
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	1,200	580	620
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	0	0	0
Blackfoot	175	80	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0
Stoney	60	20	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	1,200	580	620
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	55	30	25
Berber languages	125	70	55	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0
Bilen	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	1,370	685	685	0	0	0
Somali	1,600	795	805	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	55	30	25
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	15	5	10
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	40	25	15
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	40	20	25	0	0	0
Hebrew	455	225	230	0	0	0
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	30	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	0	0	0
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	95	45	55
Bikol	195	85	110	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	5	5	0
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	0	0	5
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	0	0	0
Indonesian	665	270	395	5	0	5
Kankanaey	190	80	110	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	135	65	70	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	0	0	0
Pangasinan	195	95	100	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	80	35	45
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	0	0	0
Creole languages	560	275	285	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	55	25	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	95	50	50	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	50	25	20
Kannada	355	180	175	0	0	0
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	20	10	10
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	25	10	10
Telugu	1,255	660	595	5	5	0
Tulu	50	25	30	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	570	290	280
Albanian	1,330	695	630	20	10	10
Armenian	260	135	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	45	20	25
Baltic languages	435	205	230	0	0	0
Latvian	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	270	130	140	0	0	0
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	45	20	25
Belarusian	20	5	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	785	395	390	0	0	0
Czech	1,190	545	650	0	0	0
Macedonian	135	70	70	0	0	0
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	10	10	5
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	20	5	10
Rusyn	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	10	5	10
Bosnian	780	380	405	0	0	0
Croatian	1,755	830	925	5	5	5
Serbian	1,830	900	925	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	940	465	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	100	55	45	0	0	0
Irish	30	20	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	25	20	5
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	10	10	0
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	210	105	100	0	0	0
Yiddish	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	5	5	5
Afrikaans	905	445	455	5	0	0
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	5	5	0
Danish	560	295	265	0	0	0
Icelandic	40	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	70	95	0	0	0
Swedish	235	110	125	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0
Greek	1,385	640	745	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	330	175	160
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	275	140	130
Assamese	45	20	25	0	0	0
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	25	10	10
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	35	20	20
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	30	15	15
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	5	0	0
Kashmiri	75	40	35	0	0	0
Konkani	160	75	85	0	0	0
Marathi	980	495	480	5	0	5
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	5	0	0
Oriya languages	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	45	20	25
Rohingya	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	285	150	135	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	25	15	10
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	95	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	0	0	0
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	55	30	25
Baluchi	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	0	0	0
Parsi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	25	15	10
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	30	15	15
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	145	70	75
Catalan	45	15	25	0	0	0
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	5	0	0
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	0	0	0
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	20	10	10
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	125	60	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	5	0	5
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	85	40	40
Mongolian	450	200	245	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	45	20	30
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	5	5	5
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	90	45	40	0	0	0
Éwé	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0	0	0
Ga	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	55	25	30	0	0	0
Igbo	730	380	355	5	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	0	0	0
Lingala	55	30	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	115	55	60	0	0	5
Ndebele	85	40	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	0	0	0
Shona	290	130	155	5	0	0
Soninke	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Swahili	725	355	380	0	0	0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	0	0	0
Dinka	535	295	240	0	0	0
Nuer	375	165	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	115	110	0	0	0
American Sign Language	185	100	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	245	105	140
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	245	105	135
Hakka	280	135	150	0	0	0
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	90	35	55
Min Dong	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	150	70	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	5	5	0
Burmese	255	120	135	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	635	320	325	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	5	5	5
Lao	415	195	215	0	0	0
Thai	620	175	445	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	1,340	730	610	0	0	0
Uyghur	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	5	0	0
Estonian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Finnish	240	85	155	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	310	160	150
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	260	130	125
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	25	10	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	3,375	1,675	1,695
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	1,840	935	910
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	10	10	0
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	305	145	155
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	305	145	155
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	25	15	5
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	1,140	535	600
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	25	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	30	15	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	3,375	1,675	1,695
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	3,105	1,540	1,560
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	2,390	1,200	1,190
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	2,375	1,195	1,185
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	10	5	5
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	715	345	370
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Blackfoot	35	15	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	710	345	365
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	40	20	15
Berber languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	0	0	0
Bilen	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	995	495	495	0	0	0
Somali	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	40	20	15
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	5	0	5
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	30	15	10
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	115	115	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	60	25	30
Bikol	75	35	35	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	0	0	0
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	5	0	5
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	5	0	0
Indonesian	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	110	50	55	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	0	0	0
Pangasinan	50	25	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	45	20	25
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	325	155	170	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	40	5	5	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	35	20	15
Kannada	190	90	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	15	10	5
Tamil	1,395	710	680	20	10	5
Telugu	760	375	380	0	0	0
Tulu	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	325	165	160
Albanian	610	325	290	10	5	5
Armenian	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	20	5	10
Baltic languages	195	95	95	0	0	0
Latvian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	20	5	10
Belarusian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	360	175	185	0	0	0
Czech	345	160	185	0	0	0
Macedonian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	5	0	0
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Bosnian	315	155	160	0	0	0
Croatian	650	300	350	0	0	0
Serbian	895	440	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	350	165	180	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	905	435	470	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	5	5	5
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0
High German languages	665	320	345	0	0	0
German	640	305	335	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	0	0	0
Afrikaans	435	215	225	0	0	0
Dutch	275	125	150	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Swedish	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	430	185	245	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	190	95	95
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	175	85	85
Assamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	15	5	10
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	15	5	10
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	30	15	15
Kacchi	565	235	325	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	565	285	280	0	0	0
Nepali	1,565	805	765	5	0	0
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	25	10	15
Rohingya	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	165	85	75	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	10	5	5
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	70	35	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	20	10	10
Baluchi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	735	355	380	0	0	0
Parsi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	1,215	625	595	10	5	10
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	10	10	0
Dari	1,710	830	880	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	100	55	50
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Italian	945	425	520	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	0	0	0
Romanian	1,980	980	995	10	10	5
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	90	45	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	1,075	455	615	0	0	0
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	60	25	30
Mongolian	305	135	170	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	15	5	10
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	195	100	100	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	40	20	20	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	85	35	50	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	275	125	145	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	615	290	325	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	0	0	0
Dinka	325	185	145	0	0	0
Nuer	255	110	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	380	210	165	5	0	0
American Sign Language	295	160	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	160	70	90
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	155	70	85
Hakka	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	65	30	35
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	85	40	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	160	75	80	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	0	0	0
Lao	175	80	95	0	0	0
Thai	240	110	125	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	910	470	440	0	0	0
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	265	130	140
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	250	125	130
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	15	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	3,370	1,675	1,695
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	2,385	1,200	1,190
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	335	155	180
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	20	15	5
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	495	230	260
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	485	230	255
English and French	1,235	595	640	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	55	30	30
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	65	35	35
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	3,375	1,670	1,710
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	3,305	1,645	1,660
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	3,305	1,645	1,660
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	160	85	75
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	1,875	915	955
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	15	0	10
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	0	0	0
Blackfoot	460	180	275	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	0	0	0
Assiniboine	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	20	20	0	0	0	0
Stoney	170	90	80	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	1,855	910	950
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	115	60	55
Berber languages	275	175	95	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	90	70	0	0	0
Tamazight	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	350	215	135	10	0	0
Hausa	340	210	135	10	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	0	0	0
Bilen	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	0	0	0
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	110	60	50
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	50	20	25
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	60	30	25
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	0	0	0
Harari	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	0	0	0
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	25	0	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	25	0	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	145	85	60
Bikol	505	265	240	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	0	0	0
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	10	10	0
Fijian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	0	0	0
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	0	0	0
Kankanaey	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	780	350	430	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	0	0	0
Pangasinan	460	235	225	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	140	85	55
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	0	0	0
Krio	125	60	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	355	170	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	95	40	55
Kannada	1,075	550	530	0	0	0
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	55	20	35
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	50	25	25
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	0	0	0
Tulu	70	35	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	790	410	380
Albanian	1,825	990	840	0	0	0
Armenian	460	265	195	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	20	10	0
Baltic languages	485	220	270	0	0	0
Latvian	155	65	90	0	0	0
Lithuanian	330	155	175	0	0	0
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	20	10	0
Belarusian	85	30	50	0	0	0
Bulgarian	985	445	540	0	0	0
Czech	1,940	970	970	0	0	0
Macedonian	290	135	150	0	0	0
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	0	0	0
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	0	0	0
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	0	0	0
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	1,295	590	700	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	435	245	190	0	0	0
Irish	205	125	85	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	0	0	0
Welsh	135	80	60	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	10	0	0
Frisian	55	20	35	0	0	0
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	0	0	0
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	110	65	40	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	0	0	0
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	0	0	0
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	0	0	0
Danish	940	480	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	50	15	35	0	0	0
Norwegian	380	165	215	0	0	0
Swedish	630	275	355	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	545	285	260
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	480	250	230
Assamese	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	30	15	15
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	35	20	20
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	175	90	90
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	10	0	0
Kashmiri	190	95	95	0	0	0
Konkani	425	200	230	0	0	0
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	20	10	10
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	0	0	0
Oriya languages	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	140	65	75
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	35	20	15
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	115	70	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	10	0	0
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	85	45	40
Baluchi	65	35	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Parsi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	80	45	35
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	65	35	30
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	185	85	100
Catalan	100	45	60	0	0	0
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	10	0	10
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	0	0	0
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	0	0	0
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	180	85	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0	0	0
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	30	15	10
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	135	50	85
Mongolian	640	300	335	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	225	120	105
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	0	0	0
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	310	165	145	0	0	0
Éwé	100	45	55	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	0	0	0
Ga	275	140	140	0	0	0
Ganda	110	60	45	0	0	0
Gikuyu	155	70	85	0	0	0
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	45	25	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	0	0	0
Lingala	395	185	210	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	255	140	110	0	0	0
Ndebele	125	65	65	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0
Shona	580	270	310	0	0	0
Soninke	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	0	0	0
Wojenaka	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	230	130	100	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	120	60	60
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	35	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	0	0	0
Dinka	815	435	380	0	0	0
Nuer	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	10	0	10
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	365	155	205
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	350	155	190
Hakka	390	160	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	150	60	90
Min Dong	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	35	20	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	205	95	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	15	0	15
Burmese	495	245	250	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	765	395	370	15	0	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	0	0	0
Lao	595	300	295	0	0	0
Thai	1,160	445	710	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	0	0	0
Uyghur	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	180	80	100	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	15	10	10
Estonian	125	55	70	0	0	0
Finnish	360	170	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	3,380	1,670	1,710
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	60	25	35
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	60	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	45	15	25
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	15	0	15
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	3,315	1,650	1,670
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	3,380	1,670	1,710
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	45	15	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	3,335	1,655	1,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	850	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	295	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	450	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	695	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	50	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	240	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	580	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	330	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	355	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	200	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	75	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	190	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	1,080	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	1,080	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	25	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	695	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	1,135	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	475	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	590	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	1,145	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	45	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	340	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	325	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	230	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	165	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	1,140	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	840	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	300	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	1,150	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	365	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	290	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	60	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	780	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	1,105	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	60	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	1,045	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	850	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	92.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	2,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	2,244	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	440,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	471,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	295	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	10.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	32.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	16.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,570	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	3,380	1,670	1,705
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	30	15	20
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	30	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	25	15	15
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	40	15	25
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	15	10	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	20	10	15
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	3,310	1,640	1,665
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	3,375	1,675	1,705
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	2,745	1,375	1,375
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	835	435	400
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	1,910	935	975
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	630	300	330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	3,375	1,675	1,705
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	1,690	820	865
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	1,605	800	810
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	35	15	20
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	70	35	30
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	175	105	65
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	550	290	265
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	780	360	425
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	380	170	210
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	405	190	215
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	85	50	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	1,605	800	805
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	125	70	55
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	340	180	160
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	205	85	115
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	795	380	415
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	140	80	60
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	1,605	800	805
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	170	85	85
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	0	0	0
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	30	15	15
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	0	0	0
Guyana	740	340	400	0	0	0
Haiti	510	295	220	0	0	0
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	40	20	20
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	0	0	0
Peru	1,070	470	595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	0	0	0
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	50	20	30
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	95	55	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Croatia	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
France	1,265	645	620	0	0	0
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	0	0	0
Greece	865	455	415	0	0	0
Hungary	1,550	740	815	0	0	0
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	0	0	0
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	0	0	0
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	0	0	0
Portugal	990	505	485	0	0	0
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	0	0	0
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	0	0	0
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	70	35	40
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	20	15	0
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	425	210	220
Algeria	630	310	315	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	0	0	0
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	25	10	15
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	30	15	15
Morocco	870	445	425	0	0	0
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	270	130	140
Somalia	1,580	775	805	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	85	45	45
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	905	450	455
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	40	20	20
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	0	0	0
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	0	0	0
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	0	0	0
Turkey	1,085	540	545	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	90	35	60
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	85	55	30
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	90	40	55
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	10	0	10
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	145	85	60
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	10	0	10
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	25	10	10
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	205	105	100
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	70	40	30
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	35	20	20
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	80	25	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	400	190	210
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	25	15	15
Brazil	840	355	490	0	0	0
Colombia	615	245	370	0	0	0
Haiti	105	55	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	475	215	255	0	0	0
Mexico	1,265	645	615	0	0	0
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	0	0	0
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	20	15	10
France	200	95	105	0	0	0
Germany	225	105	120	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	0	0	0
Italy	260	160	105	0	0	0
Russian Federation	635	235	405	0	0	0
Ukraine	680	295	385	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	20	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	0	0	0
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	175	80	100
Algeria	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	380	170	210	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	595	300	300	0	0	0
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	0	0	0
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	0	0	0
Morocco	210	95	110	0	0	0
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	160	70	90
Somalia	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	0	0	0
Tunisia	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	10	0	10
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	175	75	95
Afghanistan	845	405	435	10	0	0
Bangladesh	630	310	320	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	35	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	15	0	10
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	35	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	0	0	0
Iraq	945	440	505	0	0	0
Israel	340	185	150	0	0	0
Japan	170	25	140	0	0	0
Jordan	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	20	10	10
Lebanon	425	215	210	0	0	0
Nepal	460	235	230	0	0	0
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	0	0	0
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	50	25	25
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	0	0	0
Turkey	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	0	0	0
Viet Nam	955	310	640	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	0	0	0
Australia	435	230	205	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	3,375	1,670	1,710
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	1,735	865	870
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	805	410	400
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	835	395	445
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	1,570	785	780
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	1,165	610	555
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	395	250	145
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	770	355	415
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	290	110	180
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	115	70	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	1,570	785	780
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	55	35	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	125	60	65
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	40	20	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	130	80	55
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	10	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	1,205	585	620
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	3,380	1,670	1,710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	2,335	1,170	1,165
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	595	300	300
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	395	185	205
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	600	305	295
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	130	75	60
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	35	30	0
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	125	55	65
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	35	0	25
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	90	55	35
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	145	65	80
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	15	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	45	20	20
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	130	70	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	1,045	500	545
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	3,375	1,675	1,705
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	160	95	65
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	245	120	125
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	220	80	135
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	220	80	145
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	120	60	65
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	235	105	130
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	410	195	215
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	85	55	30
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	250	125	120
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	90	50	35
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	55	35	20
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	30	15	10
Québécois	1,580	785	795	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	90	40	45
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	125	75	45
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	40	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	20	0	15
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	20	0	20
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	50	30	25
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	20	10	10
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	40	15	20
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	35	15	10
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	0	0	0
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	40	10	25
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	10	0	10
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	40	25	20
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	50	30	20
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	0	0	0
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	120	65	55
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	110	45	65
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	0	0	0
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	50	25	25
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	55	20	35
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	0	0	0
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	35	15	20
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	50	25	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	25	15	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	0	0	0
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	150	70	80
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	0	0	0
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	0	0	0
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	15	15	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	25	10	20
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	25	15	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	0	0	0
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	20	0	15
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	0	0	0
Haitian	930	475	455	0	0	0
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	70	25	45
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	30	15	20
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	0	0	0
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	0	0	0
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	40	15	25
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	0	0	0
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	0	0	0
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	25	10	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	45	20	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	20	0	10
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	0	0	0
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	45	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	25	10	15
Tamil	1,370	710	665	0	0	0
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	0	0	0
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	40	15	20
Moroccan	880	425	460	0	0	0
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	0	0	0
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	0	0	0
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	85	50	35
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	30	20	10
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	0	0	0
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	20	15	0
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0	0	0
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	0	0	0
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	30	10	15
Algerian	645	320	320	0	0	0
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	0	0	0
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	120	65	50
Armenian	925	495	430	0	0	0
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	20	15	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	15	0	10
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	0	0	0
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	10	0	10
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	0	0	0
African Caribbean	930	495	430	10	0	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	15	15	0
Algonquin	380	165	220	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	0	0	0
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	0	0	0
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	20	20	0
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	0	0	0
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	0	0	0
Congolese	1,045	500	545	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	0	0	0
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	50	20	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	100	60	45
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	0	0	0
Berber	405	225	175	0	0	0
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	0	0	0
Maltese	505	230	275	0	0	0
Macedonian	385	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	20	10	10
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	0	0	0
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	0	0	0
African Canadian	940	465	475	0	0	0
Israeli	1,095	565	525	0	0	0
Mohawk	500	300	200	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	0	0	0
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	0	0	0
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	35	10	25
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	0	0	0
Barbadian	640	310	330	0	0	0
African American	935	435	495	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	0	0	0
Tunisian	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Cuban	830	395	435	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0	0	0
Latvian	1,025	485	540	0	0	0
Bengali	1,200	585	610	0	0	0
Cameroonian	930	485	450	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	0	0	0
Laotian	1,015	505	510	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	0	0	0
Northern Irish	920	445	475	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	0	0	0
British Columbian	520	295	225	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	0	0	0
Estonian	980	480	500	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	0	0	0
Fijian	1,145	525	620	0	0	0
Jatt	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	0	0	0
Coptic	440	225	215	0	0	0
Thai	1,185	370	810	0	0	0
Dominican	405	245	160	0	0	0
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	0	0	0
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0
Assyrian	420	215	200	0	0	0
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	55	30	25
Byelorussian	730	350	380	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	0	0	0
Abenaki	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	990	545	445	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0	0	0
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	0	0	0
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	0	0	0
Breton	40	30	10	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	0	0	0
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	0	0	0
Plains Cree	200	100	95	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	0	0	0
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	145	100	45	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	0	0	0
Ivorian	210	110	105	0	0	0
Saulteaux	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	0	0	0
Burundian	150	70	85	0	0	0
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	0	0	0
Mauritian	450	190	255	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vincentian	175	65	110	0	0	0
Jordanian	445	220	225	0	0	0
Manitoban	460	245	210	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	0	0	0
Rwandan	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	225	90	135	0	0	0
Malayali	665	375	290	40	20	20
Chaldean	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	555	255	305	0	0	0
Mayan	575	310	270	0	0	0
Honduran	340	150	185	0	0	0
Cherokee	545	255	285	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	0	0	0
Flemish	420	190	235	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	0	0	0
Senegalese	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	110	35	70	0	0	0
Pashtun	820	420	400	0	0	0
Malay	790	340	450	0	0	0
Goan	350	185	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	0	0	0
Tibetan	790	415	375	15	0	15
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	0	0	0
Burmese	540	250	285	0	0	0
Mongolian	985	455	535	20	15	10
Azorean	70	25	45	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	105	60	45	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	300	145	150	0	0	0
Oromo	1,560	875	685	0	0	0
Tanzanian	795	425	375	0	0	0
Yemeni	555	280	275	0	0	0
Central African	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	445	255	190	0	0	0
Basque	175	80	90	0	0	0
Uruguayan	85	40	45	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	0	0	0
Igorot	1,195	560	625	0	0	0
Fulani	65	25	35	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	0	0	0
Guinean	155	80	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	230	90	140	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	255	135	120	0	0	0
Roma	200	95	100	0	0	0
Costa Rican	180	95	85	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	325	120	205	0	0	0
Karen	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	605	340	265	0	0	0
Tajik	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	810	435	380	0	0	0
Paraguayan	100	30	70	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	3,380	1,670	1,705
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	110	45	70
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	1,500	720	780
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	555	285	270
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	0	0	0
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	25	15	10
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	35	15	15
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	460	210	250
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	35	15	25
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	15	0	0
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	0	0	0
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	15	0	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	240	130	115
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	40	10	30
Reformed	1,250	600	655	0	0	0
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	15	0	15
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	50	10	35
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	165	85	80
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	0	0	0
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	315	185	135
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	95	40	55
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	20	15	0
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	1,170	585	585
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	3,330	1,640	1,695
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	2,475	1,235	1,245
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	850	400	445
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	600	265	335
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	255	140	115
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	160	95	70
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	65	40	25
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	95	55	40
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	90	45	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	3,025	1,485	1,540
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	1,440	735	705
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	1,590	755	840
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	960	430	530
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	625	320	305
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	295	150	145
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	145	70	75
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	145	80	70
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	335	165	165
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	2,525	1,210	1,310
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	195	90	110
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	2,320	1,120	1,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	1,990	945	1,045
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	95	45	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	1,895	900	995
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	2,520	1,205	1,315
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	180	85	95
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	550	260	285
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	1,785	860	930
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	595	305	285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	120	85	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	60	45	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	55	40	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	390	180	215
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	85	40	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	1,195	550	640
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	835	370	455
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	45	25	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	15	0	10
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	295	140	155
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	1,990	945	1,040
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	80	50	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	295	140	150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	1,615	760	860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	530	270	255
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	105	75	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	50	40	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	50	40	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	350	165	190
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	70	30	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	1,085	485	600
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	735	315	420
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	50	25	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	15	0	10
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	280	135	150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	10	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	2,520	1,205	1,315
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	735	345	385
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	95	25	75
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	95	25	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	40	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	40	15	30
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	90	40	50
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	30	0	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	35	10	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	10	10	0
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	235	80	155
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	45	10	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	20	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	25	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	10	10	0
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	35	0	30
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	95	45	50
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	410	155	260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	395	155	245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	100	35	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	55	25	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	30	10	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	115	90	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	100	80	20
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	380	315	60
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	15	0	0
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	185	155	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	70	55	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	65	65	0
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	15	10	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	0	0	0
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	245	55	185
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	235	50	180
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	60	40	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	40	15	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	15	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	1,990	945	1,045
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	375	190	190
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	95	20	75
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	95	20	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	40	0	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	40	0	30
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	85	35	50
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	20	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	35	15	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	10	10	0
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	195	65	135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	35	10	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	25	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	10	10	0
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	30	0	30
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	75	35	45
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	370	135	235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	360	135	220
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	80	30	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	50	25	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	20	0	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	100	80	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	90	70	20
25. Library science	900	120	780	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	345	285	60
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	10	0	0
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	160	130	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	70	55	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	35	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	65	60	0
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	20	10	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	0	0	0
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	230	60	175
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	220	50	165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	50	30	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	35	15	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	1,990	945	1,045
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	375	190	190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	1,615	760	855
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	925	445	480
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	730	340	400
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	195	115	85
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	690	310	375
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	125	50	80
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	55	25	30
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	10	0	10
Cuba	235	135	95	0	0	0
Haiti	75	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	400	175	230	20	10	10
Brazil	1,555	665	890	0	0	0
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	15	0	10
Peru	365	140	225	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	20	15	15
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	0	0	0
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	80	50	30
Belgium	170	100	70	0	0	0
France	1,155	600	555	0	0	0
Germany	925	515	405	0	0	0
Netherlands	600	315	285	0	0	0
Switzerland	280	150	130	0	0	0
Hungary	330	165	165	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	0	0	0
Poland	1,375	540	835	0	0	0
Romania	1,725	935	795	0	0	0
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	60	40	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	0	0	0
Italy	315	170	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	0	0	0
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	160	70	95
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	145	70	75
Algeria	330	170	160	0	0	0
Morocco	380	205	175	0	0	0
Tunisia	180	110	70	0	0	0
Egypt	1,610	825	785	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	0	0	0
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	315	140	180
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	0	0	0
Iraq	895	440	455	0	0	0
Israel	385	210	175	0	0	0
Lebanon	590	275	315	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	0	0	0
Turkey	385	235	155	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	30	10	20
Taiwan	565	140	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	10	0	10
Japan	995	270	720	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	30	15	15
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	60	30	35
Viet Nam	810	315	495	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	15	10	0
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	105	50	60
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	30	10	20
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	10	0	0
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	0	0	0
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	0	0	0
New Zealand	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	2,520	1,205	1,315
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	2,070	1,055	1,020
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	1,790	935	855
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	280	120	160
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	450	155	295
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	82.1	87.6	77.6
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	71.0	77.6	65.0
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	13.5	11.4	15.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	2,520	1,205	1,315
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	585	205	380
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	1,930	995	935
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	980	540	445
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	950	460	490
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	40.7	41.6	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	2,070	1,055	1,015
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	70	25	50
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	2,000	1,030	970
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	1,770	915	860
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	1,445	760	690
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	330	155	175
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	130	65	70
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	195	90	105
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	225	120	115
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	2,070	1,055	1,015
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	70	25	50
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	2,000	1,030	970
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	450	175	270
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	300	240	65
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	190	55	135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	215	80	130
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	30	10	20
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	480	195	285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	265	225	35
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	15	15	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	40	30	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	2,070	1,055	1,015
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	70	25	50
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	2,000	1,030	970
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	65	30	30
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	25	15	10
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	135	110	25
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	50	50	0
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	75	60	20
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	250	115	130
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	125	75	50
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	20	15	0
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	75	30	45
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	50	25	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	275	150	125
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	85	45	40
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	155	65	85
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	310	85	225
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	120	55	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	110	40	65
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	80	45	30
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	2,125	1,090	1,040
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	2,015	1,040	970
French	1,020	295	725	0	0	0
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	15	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	15	0	10
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	70	35	35
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	2,125	1,090	1,040
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	2,115	1,080	1,030
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	2,075	1,060	1,010
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	2,070	1,055	1,010
French	2,040	595	1,445	0	0	0
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	40	20	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	0	0	0
Amharic	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	315	165	150	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	780	295	485	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	0	0	0
Russian	175	75	100	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
German	70	35	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0
Hindi	110	60	45	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	50	30	0	0	0
Romanian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Spanish	1,150	475	670	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	775	435	345	15	10	10
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	20	0	15
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	20	0	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	15	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	0	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	0	0	0
English and French	805	365	435	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	2,125	1,090	1,040
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	2,050	1,060	995
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	20	15	0
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	10	0	10
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	30	10	25
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	30	10	25
English and French	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	15	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	1,790	940	855
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	490	250	240
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	15	15	0
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	210	145	70
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	1,080	525	550
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	1,080	525	555
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	950	460	490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	95	40	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	15	15	0
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	15	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	1,285	665	620
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	1,125	580	545
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	1,065	570	500
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	60	10	50
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	70	40	30
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	45	20	15
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	0	0	0
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	45	20	25
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	1,285	665	620
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	230	115	115
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	555	275	275
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	345	190	155
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	75	40	35
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	70	40	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	1,285	665	620
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	100	70	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	240	140	95
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	375	180	190
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	235	110	125
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	155	80	75
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	180	85	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	930	495	435
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	45	20	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	885	470	415
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	575	310	260
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	30	20	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	20	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	540	290	250

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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