Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			48062520More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	6,647	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	2,700	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	2,501	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	8,545.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	0.78	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	6,645	3,315	3,330
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	1,520	790	730
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	680	345	335
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	520	275	240
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	325	170	150
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	4,845	2,395	2,450
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	285	140	140
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	460	210	245
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	730	340	395
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	1,045	515	525
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	805	405	395
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	540	285	255
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	345	190	155
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	225	125	100
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	220	95	130
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	185	80	105
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	280	130	145
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	130	60	65
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	75	30	40
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	45	25	20
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	25	10	15
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	0	5	0
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	0	0	0
100 years and over	195	45	155	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	22.9	23.8	21.9
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	72.9	72.2	73.6
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	4.2	3.9	4.4
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	30.8	30.5	31.1
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	31.6	31.6	31.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	2,500	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	485	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	165	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	295	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	1,530	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	2,500	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	595	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	780	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	465	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	375	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	285	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	6,645	3,320	3,325
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	5,120	2,525	2,595
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	3,155	1,580	1,570
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	2,695	1,355	1,340
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	455	225	230
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	380	185	200
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	20	10	5
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	55	30	25
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	1,970	945	1,025
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	1,475	770	705
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	150	60	85
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	255	105	155
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	90	15	80
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	1,830	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	785	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	505	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	385	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	155	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	1,830	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	1,505	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	1,280	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	870	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	410	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	225	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	65	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	165	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	330	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	265	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	6,645	3,315	3,325
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	5,455	2,675	2,775
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	3,010	1,505	1,500
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	325	60	265
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	2,120	1,110	1,005
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	1,645	870	775
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	475	240	235
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	1,195	640	550
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	590	330	265
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	280	120	160
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	315	190	125
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	2,500	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	1,480	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	1,230	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	760	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	475	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	245	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	125	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	165	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	590	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	5,120	2,525	2,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	4,870	2,410	2,460
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	42,400	47,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	4,870	2,410	2,460
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	38,000	42,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	4,420	2,275	2,145
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	37,200	44,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	4,175	2,155	2,015
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	37,600	44,000	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	4,450	2,165	2,290
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	7,100	4,000	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	890	390	500
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,000	5,640	6,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	2,100	1,005	1,095
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	9,500	9,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	5,075	2,535	2,535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	4,850	2,415	2,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	46,720	51,350	42,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	4,850	2,415	2,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	40,680	44,000	37,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	4,410	2,305	2,105
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	41,720	46,600	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	4,160	2,165	1,985
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	41,320	45,640	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	4,425	2,170	2,255
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	9,630	7,590	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	905	405	500
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,120	6,220	7,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	2,145	1,030	1,115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	9,290	8,980	9,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	5,075	2,535	2,535
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	1,880	1,005	875
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	54,800	58,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	57,000	60,300	53,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	1,815	940	875
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	23,400	28,600	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	29,320	33,700	24,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	81.2	86.6	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	75.8	80.0	70.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	18.8	13.3	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	2.8	2.0	3.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	9.6	8.0	11.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	8.8	7.5	10.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	5,120	2,530	2,595
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	250	115	135
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	4,870	2,410	2,455
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	355	130	220
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	425	170	260
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	695	305	395
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	795	350	445
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	680	330	350
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	545	275	270
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	460	260	205
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	315	200	110
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	215	135	80
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	145	100	50
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	235	170	65
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	210	145	65
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	20	25	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	5,120	2,530	2,595
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	250	115	135
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	4,870	2,410	2,455
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	355	130	220
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	445	175	270
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	840	375	465
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	955	440	515
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	775	385	390
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	625	350	275
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	380	225	155
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	230	145	80
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	130	85	50
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	60	40	25
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	75	55	15
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	65	45	20
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	15	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	5,120	2,530	2,595
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	950	370	580
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	4,175	2,160	2,020
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	360	150	205
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	350	125	220
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	510	225	285
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	505	225	275
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	480	245	230
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	455	225	230
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	440	240	205
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	335	200	135
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	250	160	85
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	190	135	55
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	120	80	40
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	185	140	50
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	125	90	35
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	65	50	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	5,120	2,525	2,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	4,740	2,345	2,395
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	39,200	46,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	4,740	2,340	2,395
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	35,600	40,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	4,290	2,200	2,095
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	39,200	46,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	4,075	2,100	1,980
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	39,200	46,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	4,230	2,040	2,190
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	1,040	900	2,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	505	210	295
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	7,550	6,160	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	5,075	2,535	2,535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	4,665	2,320	2,345
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	41,440	45,720	37,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	4,665	2,320	2,345
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	36,320	39,360	33,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	4,235	2,165	2,065
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	41,400	46,400	36,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	4,000	2,055	1,945
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	41,920	46,480	37,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	4,165	2,065	2,105
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	4,340	2,664	5,985
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	495	215	280
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	8,720	7,550	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	5,075	2,535	2,535
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	1,830	970	860
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	52,000	54,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	53,200	57,300	48,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	1,630	850	785
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	29,800	34,000	27,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	34,120	38,400	29,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	90.6	94.8	85.6
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	86.8	90.0	82.8
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	9.4	5.2	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	2.2	1.5	3.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	2,500	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	590	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	1,905	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	90,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	640	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	59,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	1,865	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	2,500	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	80	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	95	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	90	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	245	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	255	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	210	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	220	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	905	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	390	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	195	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	2,500	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	115	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	320	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	265	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	245	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	640	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	340	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	170	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	130	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	1,800	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	490	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	925	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	910	515	395
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	49,600	54,400	45,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	43,200	46,800	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	1,775	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	99,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	520	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	895	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	110,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	97,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	930	530	395
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	53,400	55,000	51,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	45,300	46,600	43,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	6,645	3,320	3,330
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	1,690	875	815
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	810	415	395
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	4,675	2,315	2,360
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	280	130	150
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	585	280	305
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	200	105	90
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	100	50	50
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	360	160	195
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	30	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	8.8	8.4	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	11.9	12.4	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	12.6	12.8	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	7.6	6.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	10.0	10.0	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	6,645	3,315	3,325
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	1,695	875	815
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	810	415	400
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	4,675	2,310	2,365
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	280	130	145
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	325	160	160
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	85	45	45
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	45	25	25
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	225	110	115
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	4.9	4.9	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.1	5.2	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.6	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.0	3.0	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	6,645	3,320	3,330
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	3,995	1,960	2,035
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	520	260	265
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	680	335	350
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	870	425	445
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	965	455	510
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	950	480	470
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	2,655	1,360	1,295
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	810	405	410
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	785	395	390
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	510	275	230
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	395	200	195
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	150	80	65
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	6,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.246	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.222	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	6,650	3,320	3,330
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	6,070	3,055	3,015
French only	825	350	480	5	5	5
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	325	160	160
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	240	90	145
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	6,650	3,320	3,330
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	6,265	3,150	3,120
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	105	60	45
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	45	25	20
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	230	90	145
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	6,650	3,320	3,330
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	5,900	2,950	2,950
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	2,890	1,440	1,445
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	2,800	1,395	1,405
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	90	45	40
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	3,015	1,505	1,505
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	0	0	0
Blackfoot	175	80	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0
Stoney	60	20	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	3,010	1,500	1,505
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	165	80	80
Berber languages	125	70	55	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tamazight	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	5	5	5
Hausa	40	20	20	5	5	5
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	45	25	25
Bilen	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	1,370	685	685	25	15	10
Somali	1,600	795	805	20	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	115	60	55
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	40	15	20
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	75	40	35
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	40	20	25	0	0	0
Hebrew	455	225	230	0	0	0
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	0	0	0
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	30	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	605	275	330
Bikol	195	85	110	10	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	20	5	10
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	30	10	15
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	0	0	0
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	35	15	15
Indonesian	665	270	395	5	5	5
Kankanaey	190	80	110	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	135	65	70	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	5	0	0
Pangasinan	195	95	100	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	495	225	270
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	0	0	0
Creole languages	560	275	285	10	10	5
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	55	25	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	95	50	50	5	5	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	110	55	55
Kannada	355	180	175	0	0	0
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	50	25	30
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	40	20	20
Telugu	1,255	660	595	15	10	5
Tulu	50	25	30	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	1,845	955	890
Albanian	1,330	695	630	5	0	0
Armenian	260	135	125	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	40	20	20
Baltic languages	435	205	230	0	0	0
Latvian	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	270	130	140	0	0	0
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	40	20	20
Belarusian	20	5	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	785	395	390	0	0	0
Czech	1,190	545	650	0	0	0
Macedonian	135	70	70	0	0	0
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	10	5	5
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	10	10	0
Bosnian	780	380	405	5	5	0
Croatian	1,755	830	925	0	0	0
Serbian	1,830	900	925	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	940	465	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	100	55	45	0	0	0
Irish	30	20	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	10	5	5
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	5	5	0
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	210	105	100	0	0	0
Yiddish	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	0	0	0
Afrikaans	905	445	455	0	0	0
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Danish	560	295	265	0	0	0
Icelandic	40	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	70	95	0	0	0
Swedish	235	110	125	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0
Greek	1,385	640	745	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	1,550	795	755
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	1,420	730	690
Assamese	45	20	25	0	0	0
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	65	30	35
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	200	105	95
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	115	60	55
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	5	0	5
Kashmiri	75	40	35	0	0	0
Konkani	160	75	85	0	0	0
Marathi	980	495	480	5	5	5
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	35	15	20
Oriya languages	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	750	395	350
Rohingya	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	285	150	135	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	10	0	5
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	225	110	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	0	0	0
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	125	65	60
Baluchi	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	10	0	5
Parsi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	15	15	5
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	100	50	50
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	90	40	50
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	15	5	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	245	135	115
Catalan	45	15	25	0	0	0
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	0	0	0
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	15	10	5
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	20	5	10
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	205	110	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	0	0	0
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	25	10	15
Mongolian	450	200	245	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	105	50	55
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	15	10	10
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	90	45	40	0	0	0
Éwé	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0	0	0
Ga	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	55	25	30	0	0	0
Igbo	730	380	355	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	5	5	5
Lingala	55	30	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	115	55	60	5	0	5
Ndebele	85	40	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	5	0	5
Shona	290	130	155	5	5	5
Soninke	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Swahili	725	355	380	15	10	10
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	5	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	10	5	0
Dinka	535	295	240	5	5	5
Nuer	375	165	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	115	110	0	0	0
American Sign Language	185	100	85	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	100	45	55
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	100	45	55
Hakka	280	135	150	0	0	0
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	35	20	20
Min Dong	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	60	25	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	0	0	0
Burmese	255	120	135	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	0	0	0
Lao	415	195	215	0	0	0
Thai	620	175	445	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	1,340	730	610	0	0	0
Uyghur	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	5	5	0
Estonian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Finnish	240	85	155	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	750	370	375
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	640	310	330
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	55	30	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	6,650	3,320	3,330
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	2,850	1,430	1,420
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	30	15	15
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	965	465	500
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	965	465	500
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	55	20	40
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	2,590	1,300	1,285
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	40	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	110	55	55
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	6,650	3,320	3,330
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	5,890	2,955	2,935
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	3,710	1,855	1,850
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	3,670	1,835	1,840
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	40	20	15
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	2,180	1,095	1,085
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Blackfoot	35	15	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	2,185	1,095	1,085
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	110	55	55
Berber languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	10	5	5
Hausa	25	10	10	10	5	5
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	35	20	15
Bilen	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	995	495	495	25	10	10
Somali	1,010	470	535	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	75	35	40
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	20	10	10
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	50	25	25
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	115	115	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	0	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	415	205	210
Bikol	75	35	35	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	5	5	5
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	20	10	10
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	5	5	0
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	15	10	5
Indonesian	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	110	50	55	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	0	0	0
Pangasinan	50	25	20	5	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	350	170	175
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	325	155	170	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	85	40	45
Kannada	190	90	95	5	0	5
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	45	20	25
Tamil	1,395	710	680	25	15	15
Telugu	760	375	380	5	5	0
Tulu	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	1,405	715	690
Albanian	610	325	290	0	0	0
Armenian	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	10	0	5
Baltic languages	195	95	95	0	0	0
Latvian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	10	0	5
Belarusian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	360	175	185	0	0	0
Czech	345	160	185	0	0	0
Macedonian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	5	0	0
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0
Bosnian	315	155	160	0	0	0
Croatian	650	300	350	0	0	0
Serbian	895	440	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	350	165	180	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	905	435	470	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0
High German languages	665	320	345	0	0	0
German	640	305	335	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	0	0	0
Afrikaans	435	215	225	0	0	0
Dutch	275	125	150	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Swedish	70	30	40	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	430	185	245	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	1,240	635	605
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	1,145	585	555
Assamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	45	20	20
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	135	75	65
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	95	45	45
Kacchi	565	235	325	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	70	35	35	5	0	5
Marathi	565	285	280	0	0	0
Nepali	1,565	805	765	20	10	15
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	635	325	310
Rohingya	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	165	85	75	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	0	5	5
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	185	95	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	100	45	50
Baluchi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	735	355	380	10	5	5
Parsi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	1,215	625	595	5	5	0
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	80	40	45
Dari	1,710	830	880	65	30	35
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	15	5	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	150	75	80
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Italian	945	425	520	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	10	0	5
Romanian	1,980	980	995	10	5	5
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	135	65	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	1,075	455	615	0	0	0
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	15	5	10
Mongolian	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	40	20	20
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	10	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	195	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	5	5	0
Lingala	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	40	20	20	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	85	35	50	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	275	125	145	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	615	290	325	15	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	10	5	0
Dinka	325	185	145	5	5	5
Nuer	255	110	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	380	210	165	0	0	0
American Sign Language	295	160	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	65	30	35
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	65	30	35
Hakka	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	30	15	15
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	35	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	160	75	80	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	5	0	0
Lao	175	80	95	5	0	0
Thai	240	110	125	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	910	470	440	0	0	0
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	760	365	390
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	25	5	20
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	725	355	370
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	0	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	6,650	3,315	3,330
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	4,420	2,195	2,230
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	915	465	445
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	30	10	20
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	925	460	465
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	925	460	465
English and French	1,235	595	640	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	185	105	80
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	0	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	135	70	65
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,225
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	6,340	3,275	3,060
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	6,325	3,270	3,055
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	350	170	180
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	4,110	2,125	1,980
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	0	0	0
Blackfoot	460	180	275	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	0	0	0
Assiniboine	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	20	20	0	0	0	0
Stoney	170	90	80	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	4,110	2,125	1,980
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	275	145	130
Berber languages	275	175	95	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	90	70	0	0	0
Tamazight	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	350	215	135	10	10	0
Hausa	340	210	135	10	10	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	100	60	45
Bilen	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	55	30	20
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	50	25	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	165	80	85
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	35	20	15
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	130	55	70
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	0	0	0
Harari	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	0	0	0
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	70	35	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	45	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	720	345	380
Bikol	505	265	240	10	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	0	0	0
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	0	0	0
Fijian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	0	0	0
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	25	0	20
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	0	0	0
Kankanaey	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	780	350	430	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	25	10	15
Pangasinan	460	235	225	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	720	345	380
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	0	0	0
Krio	125	60	60	0	0	0
Morisyen	355	170	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	230	120	115
Kannada	1,075	550	530	0	0	0
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	140	75	65
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	90	40	45
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	20	10	10
Tulu	70	35	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	2,455	1,320	1,130
Albanian	1,825	990	840	0	0	0
Armenian	460	265	195	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	30	0	20
Baltic languages	485	220	270	0	0	0
Latvian	155	65	90	0	0	0
Lithuanian	330	155	175	0	0	0
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	30	0	20
Belarusian	85	30	50	0	0	0
Bulgarian	985	445	540	0	0	0
Czech	1,940	970	970	0	0	0
Macedonian	290	135	150	0	0	0
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	0	0	0
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	0	0	0
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	0	0	0
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	1,295	590	700	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	435	245	190	0	0	0
Irish	205	125	85	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	0	0	0
Welsh	135	80	60	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	20	15	0
Frisian	55	20	35	0	0	0
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	20	15	0
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	20	15	0
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	110	65	40	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	0	0	0
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	0	0	0
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	0	0	0
Danish	940	480	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	50	15	35	0	0	0
Norwegian	380	165	215	0	0	0
Swedish	630	275	355	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	2,155	1,165	985
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	1,995	1,075	920
Assamese	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	70	35	35
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	275	145	125
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	900	465	430
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	15	0	10
Kashmiri	190	95	95	0	0	0
Konkani	425	200	230	0	0	0
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	45	15	20
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	80	50	35
Oriya languages	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	1,155	635	520
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	0	0	0
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	400	205	200
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	0	0	0
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	170	105	65
Baluchi	65	35	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	20	15	0
Parsi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	20	10	0
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	145	80	60
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	95	55	45
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	35	25	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	255	135	120
Catalan	100	45	60	0	0	0
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	15	15	0
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	10	10	0
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	10	10	0
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	225	105	120
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0	0	0
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	0	0	0
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	25	10	15
Mongolian	640	300	335	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	275	125	155
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	0	0	0
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	310	165	145	0	0	0
Éwé	100	45	55	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	0	0	0
Ga	275	140	140	0	0	0
Ganda	110	60	45	0	0	0
Gikuyu	155	70	85	0	0	0
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	45	30	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	20	15	10
Lingala	395	185	210	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	255	140	110	0	0	0
Ndebele	125	65	65	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0
Shona	580	270	310	0	0	0
Soninke	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	60	25	35
Wojenaka	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	230	130	100	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	100	45	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	35	20	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	0	0	0
Dinka	815	435	380	0	0	0
Nuer	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	0	0	0
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	150	60	90
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	140	55	90
Hakka	390	160	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	70	25	50
Min Dong	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	80	35	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	0	0	0
Burmese	495	245	250	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	0	0	0
Lao	595	300	295	0	0	0
Thai	1,160	445	710	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	0	0	0
Uyghur	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	180	80	100	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	0	0	0
Estonian	125	55	70	0	0	0
Finnish	360	170	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	10	0	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,225
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	105	40	65
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	105	40	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	40	15	25
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	65	25	40
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	6,495	3,335	3,160
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,225
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	15	0	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	6,585	3,365	3,210
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	1,255	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	1,245	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	1,790	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	360	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	1,305	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	570	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	1,600	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	445	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	210	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	125	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	125	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	2,270	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	2,210	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	20	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	10	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	70	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	1,005	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	1,370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	2,450	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	1,210	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	1,100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	2,505	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	135	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	900	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	820	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	300	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	230	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	65	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	40	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	2,495	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	1,685	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	815	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	2,500	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	1,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	725	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	205	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	15	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	1,445	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	2,430	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	280	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	2,155	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	1,255	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	95.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,940	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	324,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	335,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	1,245	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	1.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	35.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,420	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,230
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	30	0	20
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	30	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	20	0	15
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	85	35	55
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	80	35	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	20	10	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	60	25	35
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	6,490	3,335	3,155
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	6,605	3,370	3,225
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	4,450	2,305	2,140
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	1,435	795	635
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	3,010	1,515	1,500
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	2,155	1,065	1,090
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	6,605	3,370	3,225
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	2,745	1,430	1,320
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	3,605	1,820	1,785
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	65	25	45
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	140	65	75
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	230	95	135
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	855	450	400
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	2,310	1,180	1,135
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	1,035	565	470
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,280	615	665
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	250	125	125
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	3,605	1,820	1,785
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	280	130	150
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	555	275	275
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	695	410	290
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	1,790	875	915
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	285	130	150
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	3,605	1,820	1,785
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	280	140	140
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	0	0	0
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	65	40	25
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	0	0	0
Guyana	740	340	400	10	0	0
Haiti	510	295	220	0	0	0
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	65	30	30
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	20	10	10
Peru	1,070	470	595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	0	0	0
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	35	15	25
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	65	25	35
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	165	90	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Croatia	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
France	1,265	645	620	0	0	0
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	10	10	0
Greece	865	455	415	0	0	0
Hungary	1,550	740	815	0	0	0
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	20	15	0
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	0	0	0
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	0	0	0
Portugal	990	505	485	0	0	0
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	10	10	0
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	0	0	0
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	75	40	35
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	30	15	15
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	510	240	265
Algeria	630	310	315	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	25	15	10
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	0	0	0
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	45	20	20
Morocco	870	445	425	0	0	0
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	180	90	85
Somalia	1,580	775	805	30	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	220	95	125
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	2,650	1,345	1,305
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	110	60	50
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	0	0	0
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	20	15	0
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	0	0	0
Turkey	1,085	540	545	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	60	30	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	15	10	10
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	15	0	10
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	10	0	10
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	645	310	340
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	30	15	20
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	35	20	15
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	1,205	635	570
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	265	130	135
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	180	90	90
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,280	610	670
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	75	30	45
Brazil	840	355	490	0	0	0
Colombia	615	245	370	10	0	0
Haiti	105	55	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	475	215	255	15	15	0
Mexico	1,265	645	615	10	0	0
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	20	0	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	15	0	10
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	35	20	15
France	200	95	105	0	0	0
Germany	225	105	120	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	0	0	0
Italy	260	160	105	15	10	0
Russian Federation	635	235	405	0	0	0
Ukraine	680	295	385	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	0	0	0
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	185	90	95
Algeria	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	380	170	210	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	595	300	300	0	0	0
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	0	0	0
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	10	0	10
Morocco	210	95	110	0	0	0
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	85	45	40
Somalia	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	0	0	0
Tunisia	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	70	30	40
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	980	470	510
Afghanistan	845	405	435	60	30	30
Bangladesh	630	310	320	20	10	15
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	10	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	0	0	0
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	530	275	255
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	0	0	0
Iraq	945	440	505	0	0	0
Israel	340	185	150	0	0	0
Japan	170	25	140	0	0	0
Jordan	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	425	215	210	0	0	0
Nepal	460	235	230	30	20	10
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	60	15	40
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	210	95	120
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	0	0	0
Turkey	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	15	10	10
Viet Nam	955	310	640	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	20	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	0	0	0
Australia	435	230	205	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,225
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	3,880	1,955	1,925
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	1,560	865	695
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	1,160	555	605
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	3,535	1,795	1,745
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	1,915	995	920
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	860	490	365
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	1,060	505	555
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	1,140	530	610
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	430	235	190
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	50	30	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	3,535	1,795	1,745
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	155	90	70
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	385	170	215
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	50	25	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	360	230	125
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	2,585	1,280	1,310
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,225
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	5,140	2,665	2,475
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	2,390	1,295	1,095
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	140	60	80
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	1,040	495	545
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	830	415	415
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	60	35	25
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	200	105	95
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	130	65	65
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	175	110	65
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	25	10	15
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	30	20	15
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	105	55	50
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	1,465	710	755
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	6,605	3,375	3,225
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	415	205	205
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	295	130	165
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	315	120	195
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	225	100	125
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	180	85	95
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	265	120	145
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	215	80	130
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	90	60	30
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	1,190	640	550
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	120	40	75
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	90	30	55
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	35	10	25
Québécois	1,580	785	795	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	50	35	15
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	875	435	440
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	50	20	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	35	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	10	0	0
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	75	25	45
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	75	45	25
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	95	40	55
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	60	25	35
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	65	30	30
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	15	15	0
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	30	20	10
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	100	50	55
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	35	20	15
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	45	15	30
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	0	0	0
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	345	180	160
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	125	40	85
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	20	0	15
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	235	125	110
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	65	35	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	25	15	10
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	25	15	10
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	165	85	80
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	45	20	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	0	0	0
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	25	10	20
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	20	0	15
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	30	10	20
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	10	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	70	35	40
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	55	15	35
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	0	0	0
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	325	180	145
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	0	0	0
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	0	0	0
Haitian	930	475	455	0	0	0
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	185	105	80
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	40	20	25
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	10	0	10
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	0	0	0
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	25	10	10
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	0	0	0
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	25	10	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	30	20	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	10	0	0
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	70	40	35
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	10	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	35	20	15
Tamil	1,370	710	665	0	0	0
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	0	0	0
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	65	40	25
Moroccan	880	425	460	0	0	0
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	10	0	10
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	25	10	10
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	20	0	15
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	160	90	70
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	20	0	20
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	0	0	0
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	10	0	0
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0	0	0
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	15	0	10
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	25	15	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	30	20	10
Algerian	645	320	320	0	0	0
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	0	0	0
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	120	55	60
Armenian	925	495	430	0	0	0
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	10	0	10
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	90	40	40
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	10	0	10
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	10	0	0
African Caribbean	930	495	430	30	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	20	15	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	0	0	0
Algonquin	380	165	220	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	20	10	15
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	15	0	15
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	0	0	0
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	0	0	0
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	0	0	0
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	15	0	10
Congolese	1,045	500	545	40	0	35
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	0	0	0
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	20	15	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	20	0	20
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	70	35	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	0	0	0
Berber	405	225	175	0	0	0
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	0	0	0
Maltese	505	230	275	0	0	0
Macedonian	385	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	20	10	10
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	70	30	35
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	0	0	0
African Canadian	940	465	475	0	0	0
Israeli	1,095	565	525	0	0	0
Mohawk	500	300	200	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	10	0	0
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	0	0	0
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	10	0	0
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	40	25	15
Barbadian	640	310	330	0	0	0
African American	935	435	495	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	0	0	0
Tunisian	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	0	0	0
Cuban	830	395	435	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0	0	0
Latvian	1,025	485	540	0	0	0
Bengali	1,200	585	610	0	0	0
Cameroonian	930	485	450	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	0	0	0
Laotian	1,015	505	510	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	0	0	0
Northern Irish	920	445	475	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	0	0	0
British Columbian	520	295	225	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	0	0	0
Estonian	980	480	500	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	15	15	0
Fijian	1,145	525	620	0	0	0
Jatt	1,410	705	705	20	10	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	0	0	0
Coptic	440	225	215	0	0	0
Thai	1,185	370	810	0	0	0
Dominican	405	245	160	0	0	0
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	60	25	35
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0
Assyrian	420	215	200	0	0	0
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	50	20	30
Byelorussian	730	350	380	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	0	0	0
Abenaki	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	990	545	445	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0	0	0
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	0	0	0
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	40	15	20
Breton	40	30	10	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	0	0	0
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	0	0	0
Plains Cree	200	100	95	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	0	0	0
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	145	100	45	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	0	0	0
Ivorian	210	110	105	0	0	0
Saulteaux	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	0	0	0
Burundian	150	70	85	0	0	0
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	0	0	0
Mauritian	450	190	255	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	25	10	15
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vincentian	175	65	110	0	0	0
Jordanian	445	220	225	0	0	0
Manitoban	460	245	210	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	0	0	0
Rwandan	280	150	130	30	20	0
Grenadian	225	90	135	0	0	0
Malayali	665	375	290	15	0	10
Chaldean	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	555	255	305	0	0	0
Mayan	575	310	270	0	0	0
Honduran	340	150	185	0	0	0
Cherokee	545	255	285	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	0	0	0
Flemish	420	190	235	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	0	0	0
Senegalese	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	110	35	70	0	0	0
Pashtun	820	420	400	0	0	0
Malay	790	340	450	0	0	0
Goan	350	185	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	0	0	0
Tibetan	790	415	375	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	35	10	20
Burmese	540	250	285	0	0	0
Mongolian	985	455	535	0	0	0
Azorean	70	25	45	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	105	60	45	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	300	145	150	0	0	0
Oromo	1,560	875	685	80	45	30
Tanzanian	795	425	375	0	0	0
Yemeni	555	280	275	0	0	0
Central African	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	445	255	190	0	0	0
Basque	175	80	90	0	0	0
Uruguayan	85	40	45	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	0	0	0
Igorot	1,195	560	625	0	0	0
Fulani	65	25	35	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	0	0	0
Guinean	155	80	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	230	90	140	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	255	135	120	0	0	0
Roma	200	95	100	0	0	0
Costa Rican	180	95	85	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	325	120	205	0	0	0
Karen	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	605	340	265	0	0	0
Tajik	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	810	435	380	0	0	0
Paraguayan	100	30	70	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	6,600	3,375	3,225
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	75	35	45
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	2,420	1,205	1,215
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	770	385	385
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	0	0	0
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	30	10	20
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	45	10	35
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	1,260	645	615
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	35	15	10
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	35	15	20
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	0	0	0
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	10	0	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	30	10	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	95	55	40
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	25	0	15
Reformed	1,250	600	655	0	0	0
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	20	0	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	65	40	30
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	705	385	325
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	0	0	0
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	1,035	535	500
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	920	500	420
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	25	15	10
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	1,400	705	700
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	6,435	3,290	3,145
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	4,645	2,335	2,310
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	1,795	955	835
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	1,140	630	515
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	655	330	320
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	475	225	245
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	205	95	105
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	275	130	145
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	175	100	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	5,890	2,975	2,915
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	1,500	780	720
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	4,385	2,195	2,190
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	2,180	1,155	1,025
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	2,205	1,040	1,165
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	1,215	595	620
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	580	285	295
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	635	310	325
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	985	440	545
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	5,075	2,535	2,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	735	395	340
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	4,340	2,140	2,195
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	4,135	2,035	2,095
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	410	205	205
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	3,720	1,830	1,890
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	5,075	2,540	2,540
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	630	340	290
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	1,320	695	630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	3,120	1,505	1,615
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	1,400	710	690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	235	180	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	105	75	30
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	130	100	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	945	415	530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	225	125	100
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	1,720	790	930
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	1,110	520	590
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	135	55	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	25	10	20
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	445	195	245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	4,130	2,035	2,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	330	165	170
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	955	495	460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	2,840	1,375	1,470
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	1,225	615	610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	185	140	45
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	75	50	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	115	95	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	835	355	475
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	205	120	85
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	1,620	760	860
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	1,020	505	520
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	120	45	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	25	0	15
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	440	190	245
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	5,070	2,535	2,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	1,950	1,035	915
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	90	10	80
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	90	10	80
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	85	30	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	80	30	50
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	140	55	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	40	15	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	70	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	0	0	0
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	15	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	265	75	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	45	15	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	60	10	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	10	0	10
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	40	0	40
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	85	40	45
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	935	445	490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	30	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	905	440	465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	125	40	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	50	15	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	40	0	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	25	0	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	250	150	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	230	145	80
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	525	455	75
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	10	10	0
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	220	185	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	155	125	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	45	45	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	80	75	0
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	45	25	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	30	15	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	10	10	0
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	515	125	390
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	20	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	485	105	380
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	140	85	55
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	80	40	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	45	30	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	4,130	2,035	2,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	1,285	660	630
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	80	10	70
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	80	10	70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	80	25	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	70	25	45
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	120	55	65
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	35	15	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	60	25	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	0	0	0
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	245	75	175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	45	20	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	55	10	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	10	0	10
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	40	0	35
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	75	40	35
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	890	415	475
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	25	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	855	410	450
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	120	35	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	45	10	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	40	10	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	25	0	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	240	155	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	215	140	75
25. Library science	900	120	780	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	450	385	65
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	0	0	0
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	205	180	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	135	105	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	40	40	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	60	55	0
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	35	25	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	20	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	10	10	0
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	465	115	350
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	445	95	345
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	115	75	35
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	65	35	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	35	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	4,130	2,035	2,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	1,285	660	630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	2,845	1,375	1,470
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	1,465	735	725
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	960	440	520
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	505	295	210
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	1,380	640	740
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	125	75	55
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	65	35	25
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	20	0	15
Cuba	235	135	95	0	0	0
Haiti	75	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	400	175	230	10	10	0
Brazil	1,555	665	890	0	0	0
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	25	15	0
Peru	365	140	225	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	0	0	0
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	105	50	50
Belgium	170	100	70	0	0	0
France	1,155	600	555	0	0	0
Germany	925	515	405	0	0	0
Netherlands	600	315	285	0	0	0
Switzerland	280	150	130	0	0	0
Hungary	330	165	165	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	0	0	0
Poland	1,375	540	835	0	0	0
Romania	1,725	935	795	0	0	0
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	70	40	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	0	0	0
Italy	315	170	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	15	0	10
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	80	25	60
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	35	15	20
Algeria	330	170	160	0	0	0
Morocco	380	205	175	0	0	0
Tunisia	180	110	70	0	0	0
Egypt	1,610	825	785	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	45	10	40
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	1,065	490	575
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	0	0	0
Iraq	895	440	455	0	0	0
Israel	385	210	175	0	0	0
Lebanon	590	275	315	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	0	0	0
Turkey	385	235	155	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	10	10	0
Taiwan	565	140	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	0	0	0
Japan	995	270	720	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	10	0	10
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	315	145	175
Viet Nam	810	315	495	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	0	0	0
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	565	270	305
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	70	25	45
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	55	30	30
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	10	10	0
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	0	0	0
New Zealand	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	5,075	2,540	2,540
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	4,055	2,135	1,920
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	3,470	1,845	1,625
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	585	290	295
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	1,015	400	620
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	79.9	84.1	75.6
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	68.4	72.6	64.0
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	14.4	13.6	15.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	5,070	2,535	2,540
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	1,215	500	725
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	3,855	2,040	1,815
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	1,940	1,050	890
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	1,915	990	925
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	39.8	40.6	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	4,055	2,135	1,920
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	135	50	90
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	3,915	2,090	1,830
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	3,540	1,830	1,710
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	3,065	1,610	1,450
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	475	215	265
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	135	65	70
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	345	150	190
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	380	260	115
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	4,055	2,135	1,920
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	135	50	90
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	3,915	2,090	1,830
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	640	200	440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	290	195	100
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	405	95	315
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	255	70	185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	35	0	25
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	1,235	605	635
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	910	815	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	55	40	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	85	55	25
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	4,055	2,135	1,920
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	135	50	90
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	3,915	2,090	1,830
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	10	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	60	40	25
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	30	25	0
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	285	260	25
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	145	100	45
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	105	80	20
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	580	295	285
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	545	410	135
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	100	50	45
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	150	55	95
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	70	40	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	275	150	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	255	155	95
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	85	25	65
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	625	110	515
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	45	30	15
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	290	145	150
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	125	55	75
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	120	60	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	4,240	2,220	2,020
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	3,880	2,025	1,855
French	1,020	295	725	0	0	0
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	45	15	30
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	45	15	30
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	290	160	125
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	4,240	2,220	2,020
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	4,210	2,200	2,010
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	4,090	2,150	1,940
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	4,080	2,150	1,935
French	2,040	595	1,445	10	0	0
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	115	45	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	115	45	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	0	0	0
Amharic	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	315	165	150	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	780	295	485	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	85	35	55
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	0	0	0
Russian	175	75	100	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
German	70	35	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	70	25	45
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	70	25	45
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0
Hindi	110	60	45	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	65	20	40
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	50	30	0	0	0
Romanian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Spanish	1,150	475	670	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	775	435	345	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	10	10	0
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	0	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	35	20	10
English and French	805	365	435	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	35	20	10
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	4,240	2,220	2,020
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	3,945	2,060	1,895
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	65	30	35
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	15	10	10
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	160	90	70
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	155	90	65
English and French	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	40	30	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	3,470	1,845	1,625
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	575	230	340
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	20	15	0
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	545	420	130
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	2,330	1,180	1,150
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	2,325	1,180	1,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	1,870	910	960
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	345	210	130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	65	35	35
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	50	25	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	2,875	1,595	1,280
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	2,505	1,475	1,035
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	2,330	1,430	900
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	175	45	130
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	230	70	160
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	55	25	30
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	0	0	0
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	90	30	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	2,875	1,595	1,280
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	455	235	225
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	1,395	820	575
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	705	395	310
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	120	85	35
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	195	60	135
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	2,875	1,595	1,280
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	230	160	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	595	350	245
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	570	310	260
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	485	245	235
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	410	200	215
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	595	340	255
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	1,710	885	830
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	110	60	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	1,595	825	775
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	970	505	470
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	70	35	30
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	30	15	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	40	25	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	905	470	435

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 22, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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