Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	4,262,635	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	1,772,670	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	6.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	634,658.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	809,640	415,870	393,770
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	250,250	128,560	121,690
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	278,810	142,850	135,955
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	280,585	144,460	136,120
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	249,765	128,745	121,015
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	248,740	128,595	120,150
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	275,465	138,510	136,955
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	323,260	160,175	163,085
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	338,945	168,390	170,560
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	307,665	153,715	153,955
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	277,770	139,705	138,065
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	262,770	131,650	131,120
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	274,150	135,825	138,325
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	265,240	131,600	133,640
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	629,220	295,155	334,070
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	217,270	106,975	110,295
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	163,890	79,150	84,735
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	105,520	49,860	55,660
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	70,160	31,510	38,650
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	72,375	27,660	44,720
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	44,670	18,540	26,130
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	21,430	7,545	13,890
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	5,480	1,405	4,075
100 years and over	195	45	155	795	170	625
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	66.2	66.6	65.9
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	14.8	13.9	15.6
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	39.0	38.4	39.7
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	994,565	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	98,740	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	127,735	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	43,730	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	247,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	74,880	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	1,215	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	45,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	424,055	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	551,420	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	249,135	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	243,400	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	165,215	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	1,703,285	852,950	850,335
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	330,655	165,475	165,180
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	245,650	123,625	122,030
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	12,835	6,745	6,090
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	65,955	32,580	33,375
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	6,210	2,520	3,690
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	1,419,050	693,640	725,410
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	969,780	535,715	434,065
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	83,350	36,440	46,910
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	214,460	87,950	126,505
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	151,455	33,530	117,925
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	1,164,655	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	565,900	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	240,980	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	238,600	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	119,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	1,164,650	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	987,465	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	822,175	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	464,975	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	357,200	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	165,290	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	60,705	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	104,580	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	177,190	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	135,065	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	42,125	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	1,974,930	986,995	987,935
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	177,185	42,120	135,060
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	1,304,525	691,020	613,500
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	1,022,235	538,215	484,020
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	282,290	152,810	129,485
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	721,070	368,045	353,030
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	424,055	207,075	216,980
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	108,100	49,205	58,900
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	188,915	111,760	77,155
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	1,008,210	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	876,085	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	465,405	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	410,680	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	132,125	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	47,450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	10,575	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	60,780	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	82,150	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	424,055	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	44,800	53,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	40,000	50,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	41,600	51,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	8,300	6,120	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	373,185	184,280	188,900
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	978,925	473,610	505,320
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	60,850	72,700	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	50,200	58,400	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	57,300	70,100	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	56,350	67,800	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	10,440	9,300	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	371,975	183,715	188,265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,090	6,720	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	972,130	470,475	501,650
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	9,170	9,030	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	1,120,075	641,305	478,775
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	85,200	96,300	70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	993,770	466,385	527,385
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	21,600	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	34,280	42,280	27,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	85.0	89.0	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	70.0	73.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	15.0	11.0	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	161,620	78,885	82,730
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	271,260	111,180	160,085
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	307,390	122,515	184,880
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	483,175	210,085	273,090
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	384,115	161,270	222,840
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	332,120	148,870	183,245
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	277,960	132,620	145,340
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	232,840	119,260	113,580
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	187,305	105,100	82,205
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	146,920	87,190	59,725
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	124,520	73,960	50,560
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	465,885	325,025	140,860
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	291,955	191,190	100,765
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	173,935	133,835	40,100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	159,820	77,915	81,900
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	282,760	115,430	167,325
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	320,525	128,425	192,100
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	545,450	237,370	308,080
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	449,440	194,945	254,500
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	388,170	182,160	206,010
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	314,650	160,140	154,510
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	240,015	135,075	104,940
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	178,580	106,080	72,495
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	138,170	82,415	55,755
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	92,045	59,450	32,595
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	265,490	196,560	68,930
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	121,505	85,805	35,705
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	143,985	110,760	33,225
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	948,210	413,405	534,805
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	305,715	142,525	163,185
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	186,575	78,780	107,795
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	270,795	116,950	153,845
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	212,530	93,955	118,575
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	202,095	92,015	110,080
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	193,315	92,690	100,625
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	181,745	89,815	91,930
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	161,830	85,450	76,375
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	133,940	78,540	55,400
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	110,580	67,335	43,240
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	101,430	59,855	41,575
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	366,350	264,635	101,720
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	158,925	103,055	55,870
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	207,430	161,580	45,850
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	43,200	54,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	44,400	55,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	1,620	1,010	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	245,140	118,390	126,750
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	6,240	5,640	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	60,750	74,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	49,720	59,050	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	60,350	74,400	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	59,450	72,000	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	6,720	5,635	7,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	244,330	117,410	126,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	7,990	7,020	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	1,111,760	636,785	474,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	68,500	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	83,800	95,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	941,295	443,225	498,070
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	30,000	37,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	43,280	54,050	33,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	90.6	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	75.8	78.8	71.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	9.4	6.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	424,055	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	1,209,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	424,120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	1,209,100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	16,810	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	8,310	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	12,525	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	17,725	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	49,050	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	52,025	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	41,490	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	48,190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	52,710	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	51,200	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	104,130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	106,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	104,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	98,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	93,990	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	775,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	204,960	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	156,945	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	200,675	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	213,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	18,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	8,620	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	12,950	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	18,925	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	52,455	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	58,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	48,620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	56,195	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	62,115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	60,880	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	126,900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	127,780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	122,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	117,335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	106,445	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	634,290	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	214,810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	149,640	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	269,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	1,150,150	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	423,245	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	527,475	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	162,425	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	612,970	318,840	294,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	43,600	46,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	39,200	41,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	1,149,555	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	423,255	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	528,270	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	161,495	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	612,950	318,115	294,835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	56,550	60,100	52,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	47,360	49,600	44,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	953,865	490,345	463,520
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	302,980	155,160	147,820
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	584,915	279,845	305,065
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	382,820	182,970	199,855
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	107,130	54,765	52,370
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	36,250	18,465	17,790
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	213,795	103,030	110,765
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	61,890	25,180	36,720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	9.2	8.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	11.2	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	12.0	11.9	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	10.6	9.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	936,965	481,700	455,265
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	298,005	152,625	145,380
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	581,730	278,250	303,475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	187,885	96,630	91,255
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	43,110	21,925	21,180
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	13,945	7,045	6,900
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	130,620	68,100	62,525
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	14,155	6,605	7,550
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	1,894,410	924,245	970,165
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	345,410	172,330	173,080
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	385,215	179,975	205,240
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	380,170	184,770	195,400
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	386,560	190,330	196,235
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	397,055	196,830	200,215
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	406,615	204,040	202,575
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	420,810	212,460	208,350
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	440,225	223,690	216,535
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	470,850	240,765	230,085
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	544,810	282,985	261,825
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	4,177,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905
French only	825	350	480	3,105	1,330	1,780
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	258,330	119,725	138,605
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	65,705	26,945	38,760
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	64,440	32,960	31,485
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	15,525	7,680	7,840
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	63,735	25,925	37,810
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	64,855	33,210	31,645
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	906,680	436,430	470,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	17,200	8,165	9,035
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	15,155	7,265	7,890
Blackfoot	175	80	90	2,470	1,160	1,315
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	12,290	5,920	6,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	12,290	5,920	6,365
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	65	35	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	65	25	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	1,590	705	890
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	1,305	650	655
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	9,255	4,495	4,760
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	385	180	205
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	355	170	185
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	235	110	125
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	100	50	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	1,345	610	735
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	1,335	605	725
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	1,075	495	585
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	150	65	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	105	45	55
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	30	10	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	35	10	20
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	145	40	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	25	5	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	5	15
Inuktitut	10	0	5	115	35	80
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	60	25	40
Salish languages	5	0	5	10	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	445	205	235
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dakota	15	5	10	65	25	40
Stoney	60	20	40	360	175	180
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	10
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	5	5	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	889,485	428,270	461,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	82,270	42,330	39,935
Berber languages	125	70	55	335	185	150
Kabyle	90	45	45	220	110	115
Tamazight	30	20	10	95	60	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	10	15
Chadic languages	40	20	20	160	85	75
Hausa	40	20	20	145	80	65
Mina	0	0	0	10	5	10
Coptic	30	10	15	55	25	30
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	14,995	7,485	7,515
Bilen	170	85	85	650	345	300
Oromo	1,370	685	685	3,485	1,780	1,705
Somali	1,600	795	805	10,750	5,280	5,470
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	115	70	45
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	66,720	34,555	32,165
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	8,165	3,925	4,245
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	46,425	24,385	22,045
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	835	405	430
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	445	225	220
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	265	125	140
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	130	55	70
Harari	40	20	25	215	105	110
Hebrew	455	225	230	885	455	425
Maltese	15	5	10	55	25	25
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	10,065	5,210	4,855
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	80	50	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	25,655	11,520	14,135
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	1,775	800	975
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	23,705	10,615	13,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	175	100	75
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	131,755	58,110	73,640
Bikol	195	85	110	535	235	295
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	2,265	985	1,285
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	5,210	2,300	2,910
Fijian	45	25	20	120	65	55
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	2,370	1,005	1,370
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	7,440	3,325	4,110
Indonesian	665	270	395	1,275	510	765
Kankanaey	190	80	110	370	155	220
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	165	80	90
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	50	20	30
Merina	5	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	45	20	30
Malay	135	65	70	270	115	155
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	1,275	620	650
Pangasinan	195	95	100	515	235	280
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	108,395	47,810	60,590
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	415	195	225
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	1,075	475	605
Creole languages	560	275	285	1,745	875	875
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	455	230	225
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	60	35	30
Krio	55	25	30	270	130	140
Morisyen	95	50	50	325	165	160
Sango	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	420	215	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	215	110	105
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	17,170	8,845	8,330
Kannada	355	180	175	585	295	295
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	8,785	4,450	4,330
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	4,950	2,610	2,340
Telugu	1,255	660	595	2,715	1,425	1,295
Tulu	50	25	30	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	60	25	30
Georgian	120	70	55	200	110	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	454,815	224,310	230,505
Albanian	1,330	695	630	2,345	1,250	1,100
Armenian	260	135	125	490	240	245
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	70,185	32,420	37,760
Baltic languages	435	205	230	885	405	475
Latvian	170	75	95	365	165	205
Lithuanian	270	130	140	515	240	275
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	69,305	32,020	37,285
Belarusian	20	5	15	65	30	40
Bulgarian	785	395	390	1,300	640	660
Czech	1,190	545	650	2,700	1,265	1,435
Macedonian	135	70	70	365	185	185
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	17,540	8,130	9,410
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	17,735	7,850	9,890
Rusyn	0	5	0	30	20	10
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	10,350	5,085	5,270
Bosnian	780	380	405	1,860	905	960
Croatian	1,755	830	925	4,260	2,105	2,155
Serbian	1,830	900	925	4,040	1,975	2,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	190	100	90
Slovak	940	465	475	1,865	910	950
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	555	245	305
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	16,750	7,630	9,125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	40	20	15
Celtic languages	100	55	45	295	165	130
Irish	30	20	15	75	45	25
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	50	20	20
Welsh	40	25	20	145	75	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	20	15
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	93,145	45,830	47,320
Frisian	30	15	15	250	145	105
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	60,990	29,660	31,325
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	59,835	29,055	30,775
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	20	10	10
Swiss German	210	105	100	1,045	550	495
Yiddish	55	25	30	90	50	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	28,670	14,425	14,245
Afrikaans	905	445	455	3,150	1,555	1,595
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	13,140	6,605	6,535
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	3,060	1,545	1,510
Low Saxon	10	5	0	260	145	120
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	8,815	4,455	4,355
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	245	120	125
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	3,155	1,540	1,615
Danish	560	295	265	1,850	945	910
Icelandic	40	20	20	95	45	55
Norwegian	165	70	95	525	245	285
Swedish	235	110	125	680	310	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	85	50	30
Greek	1,385	640	745	2,820	1,430	1,385
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	197,415	100,095	97,320
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	176,130	89,315	86,820
Assamese	45	20	25	85	45	40
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	7,735	3,900	3,835
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	15,330	7,920	7,415
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	18,815	9,525	9,285
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	1,625	720	905
Kashmiri	75	40	35	125	65	60
Konkani	160	75	85	345	170	180
Marathi	980	495	480	1,910	970	935
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	5,900	3,035	2,865
Oriya languages	95	50	40	185	100	90
Odia	55	30	25	130	70	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	60	30	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	91,070	46,205	44,870
Rohingya	25	10	10	30	20	15
Sindhi	285	150	135	685	345	340
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	2,700	1,380	1,325
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	28,635	14,425	14,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	945	495	445
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	21,225	10,750	10,470
Baluchi	50	30	15	65	40	25
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	2,010	1,035	975
Parsi	20	10	15	25	15	10
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	2,960	1,505	1,460
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	16,065	8,115	7,955
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	5,005	2,490	2,515
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	9,030	4,585	4,445
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	2,035	1,040	995
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	90	45	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	60	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	88,045	42,845	45,205
Catalan	45	15	25	70	30	45
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	9,505	4,745	4,755
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	9,910	4,750	5,165
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	7,425	3,635	3,790
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	61,090	29,655	31,435
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	45	25	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	75	35	40
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	4,575	1,550	3,025
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	19,240	8,935	10,305
Mongolian	450	200	245	565	255	310
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	16,500	8,265	8,235
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	1,660	855	800
Bamanankan	10	10	5	30	20	10
Edo	90	45	40	245	125	115
Éwé	50	30	20	225	125	95
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	190	100	95
Ga	35	20	20	125	60	60
Ganda	60	25	30	315	160	160
Gikuyu	55	25	30	160	75	85
Igbo	730	380	355	1,380	725	650
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	1,135	550	585
Lingala	55	30	20	205	110	100
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	55	30	30
Mòoré	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mwani	115	55	60	200	100	95
Ndebele	85	40	45	390	190	205
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	655	305	350
Shona	290	130	155	1,105	530	580
Soninke	10	5	0	25	10	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	150	50	100
Swahili	725	355	380	2,455	1,165	1,290
Wojenaka	5	0	0	25	10	15
Wolof	80	40	45	265	145	115
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	3,205	1,710	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	2,265	1,090	1,170
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	2,450	1,275	1,175
Dinka	535	295	240	1,040	575	470
Nuer	375	165	215	625	290	335
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	650	340	310
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	130	70	60
Sign languages	230	115	110	840	440	400
American Sign Language	185	100	85	695	370	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	140	70	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	118,025	54,995	63,030
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	115,870	53,935	61,940
Hakka	280	135	150	880	405	470
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	54,135	25,165	28,970
Min Dong	30	15	15	55	25	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	2,400	1,040	1,360
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	440	215	225
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	56,280	26,280	30,005
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	1,605	760	845
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	75	40	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	2,055	1,015	1,040
Burmese	255	120	135	415	205	215
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	130	60	70
Karenic languages	220	110	115	725	365	355
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	585	290	290
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	140	75	65
Tibetan	635	320	325	670	335	335
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	120	55	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	100	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	3,040	1,110	1,935
Lao	415	195	215	950	460	490
Thai	620	175	445	2,010	620	1,390
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	85	35	55
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	4,335	2,360	1,975
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	440	235	200
Kazakh	55	20	35	90	35	55
Turkish	1,340	730	610	3,290	1,825	1,460
Uyghur	65	30	35	130	60	70
Uzbek	95	45	45	240	130	110
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	145	65	75
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	6,120	2,890	3,230
Estonian	70	35	35	165	75	90
Finnish	240	85	155	700	285	415
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	5,255	2,530	2,725
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	170	85	80
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	166,455	80,575	85,890
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	17,600	8,520	9,085
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	131,195	63,735	67,465
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	3,125	1,535	1,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	2,425	1,160	1,270
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	12,105	5,625	6,480
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	15,490	7,660	7,835
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	272,985	131,515	141,475
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	3,700	1,890	1,805
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	269,280	129,620	139,665
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	41,100	19,580	21,515
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	664,935	323,185	341,750
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	1,590	725	865
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	17,280	8,175	9,105
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	24,475	11,545	12,930
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	22,755	11,225	11,530
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	550,665	268,690	281,975
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	7,175	3,615	3,565
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	6,355	3,210	3,140
Blackfoot	35	15	20	965	490	475
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	5,290	2,670	2,615
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	5,290	2,670	2,615
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	475	235	240
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	290	150	145
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	4,510	2,275	2,230
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	95	45	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	90	45	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	25	5	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	685	345	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	680	340	340
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	585	300	290
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	70	40	35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	10	10
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	100	45	55
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5
Stoney	20	5	10	85	35	45
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	543,490	265,075	278,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	52,375	26,290	26,085
Berber languages	45	30	15	165	85	80
Kabyle	35	20	15	95	50	45
Tamazight	5	5	5	55	30	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Chadic languages	25	10	10	105	60	45
Hausa	25	10	10	105	60	45
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	15	5	5
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	10,170	5,010	5,155
Bilen	130	65	70	490	255	240
Oromo	995	495	495	2,580	1,305	1,270
Somali	1,010	470	535	7,045	3,425	3,620
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	41,920	21,120	20,800
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	5,025	2,385	2,635
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	28,040	14,195	13,840
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	630	310	325
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	310	155	160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	190	90	95
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	135	65	65
Harari	25	10	15	140	70	70
Hebrew	235	115	115	415	215	200
Maltese	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	7,600	3,905	3,700
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	60	35	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	17,075	7,795	9,285
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	975	430	545
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	15,945	7,280	8,670
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	155	90	65
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	82,190	38,845	43,345
Bikol	75	35	35	200	100	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	1,250	595	660
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	2,990	1,435	1,555
Fijian	10	5	0	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	1,290	610	680
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	4,450	2,075	2,375
Indonesian	225	115	110	435	215	220
Kankanaey	110	50	55	210	95	120
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	85	40	45
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	20	10	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	20	10	10
Malay	40	20	20	65	30	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	700	330	370
Pangasinan	50	25	20	180	85	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	69,570	32,865	36,705
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	205	100	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	500	245	255
Creole languages	325	155	170	1,010	485	525
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	295	140	155
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	45	15	25
Krio	20	15	10	120	55	60
Morisyen	70	35	40	235	115	115
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	205	105	100
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	110	45	65
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	11,840	5,985	5,855
Kannada	190	90	95	305	150	160
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	6,270	3,150	3,120
Tamil	1,395	710	680	3,480	1,790	1,690
Telugu	760	375	380	1,705	860	845
Tulu	30	15	15	45	20	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	15	20
Georgian	75	40	30	130	75	60
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	265,460	131,850	133,610
Albanian	610	325	290	1,040	550	490
Armenian	140	65	75	245	115	125
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	28,760	13,815	14,945
Baltic languages	195	95	95	345	175	170
Latvian	70	40	35	140	75	65
Lithuanian	120	60	60	205	105	105
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	28,415	13,640	14,775
Belarusian	10	5	5	20	10	10
Bulgarian	360	175	185	595	290	305
Czech	345	160	185	765	365	400
Macedonian	70	35	35	180	95	90
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	6,810	3,230	3,575
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	10,885	5,205	5,680
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	4,370	2,105	2,265
Bosnian	315	155	160	750	360	395
Croatian	650	300	350	1,525	740	785
Serbian	895	440	450	2,055	990	1,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	20	20
Slovak	350	165	180	585	285	295
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	105	50	50
Ukrainian	905	435	470	4,080	1,990	2,090
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages	15	5	10	50	25	25
Irish	5	5	0	15	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	20	10	15
Welsh	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	40,925	20,195	20,730
Frisian	5	5	5	40	25	20
High German languages	665	320	345	29,275	14,360	14,920
German	640	305	335	29,025	14,235	14,790
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	240	115	125
Yiddish	10	5	0	10	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	11,310	5,675	5,630
Afrikaans	435	215	225	1,720	850	870
Dutch	275	125	150	1,520	725	800
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,280	1,170	1,115
Low Saxon	0	0	0	135	65	65
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5,620	2,850	2,770
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	35	15	20
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	280	130	150
Danish	40	20	20	100	50	50
Icelandic	10	5	5	25	10	10
Norwegian	15	10	5	35	15	20
Swedish	70	30	40	130	55	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Greek	430	185	245	935	430	505
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	146,225	73,640	72,580
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	132,370	66,780	65,590
Assamese	20	10	15	40	20	20
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	5,085	2,505	2,580
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	10,620	5,435	5,185
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	12,295	6,225	6,075
Kacchi	565	235	325	830	345	480
Kashmiri	50	25	30	70	35	40
Konkani	70	35	35	130	65	70
Marathi	565	285	280	1,145	570	570
Nepali	1,565	805	765	4,280	2,200	2,080
Oriya languages	40	20	20	75	40	35
Odia	25	15	10	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	20	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	75,180	38,085	37,090
Rohingya	10	5	5	15	10	10
Sindhi	165	85	75	405	205	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	1,595	790	805
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	20,080	9,990	10,085
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	520	255	265
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	13,835	6,850	6,980
Baluchi	30	15	15	35	20	15
Kurdish	735	355	380	1,310	655	660
Parsi	10	5	5	15	5	10
Pashto	1,215	625	595	1,920	960	960
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	10,495	5,190	5,310
Dari	1,710	830	880	2,990	1,435	1,560
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	6,150	3,065	3,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	1,360	690	670
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	47,235	23,055	24,180
Catalan	25	10	15	45	20	25
Italian	945	425	520	2,140	915	1,220
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	4,585	2,230	2,355
Romanian	1,980	980	995	3,525	1,745	1,775
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	36,925	18,135	18,790
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	10	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	50	20	25
Japanese	1,075	455	615	2,195	920	1,275
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	14,510	6,915	7,590
Mongolian	305	135	170	360	165	200
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	6,470	3,055	3,415
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	750	370	380
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Edo	5	5	5	40	25	20
Éwé	10	5	10	50	30	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	145	70	75
Ga	15	5	5	30	15	20
Ganda	15	5	10	110	50	60
Gikuyu	10	5	5	20	10	10
Igbo	195	100	100	445	215	225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	565	255	315
Lingala	35	10	20	140	60	80
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	20	10	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mwani	20	10	5	50	30	25
Ndebele	40	20	20	140	65	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	330	160	175
Shona	85	35	50	375	180	195
Soninke	10	5	5	15	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	55	20	35
Swahili	275	125	145	1,100	505	595
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolof	50	25	20	175	100	80
Yoruba	615	290	325	1,175	565	610
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	670	300	375
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	1,265	640	625
Dinka	325	185	145	560	310	245
Nuer	255	110	145	400	185	220
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	280	135	145
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	20	10	10
Sign languages	380	210	165	1,325	765	560
American Sign Language	295	160	135	1,065	610	455
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	255	150	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	81,325	38,350	42,970
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	79,775	37,570	42,200
Hakka	80	30	50	310	125	180
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	40,005	19,245	20,765
Min Dong	5	5	5	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	985	405	575
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	265	130	140
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	37,205	17,195	20,010
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	965	455	505
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	25	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	1,505	765	745
Burmese	160	75	80	250	125	125
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	120	60	60
Karenic languages	165	80	85	565	280	280
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	460	230	225
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	105	50	55
Tibetan	485	250	235	510	265	245
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	60	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	50	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	1,410	655	755
Lao	175	80	95	430	205	230
Thai	240	110	125	930	430	495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	50	20	35
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	2,685	1,405	1,285
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	235	115	120
Kazakh	15	10	5	25	15	10
Turkish	910	470	440	2,180	1,145	1,035
Uyghur	35	15	20	80	40	40
Uzbek	40	15	25	125	65	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	45	25	25
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	1,805	860	945
Estonian	5	0	5	25	10	10
Finnish	35	20	15	110	55	50
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	1,675	795	880
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	70	35	35
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	166,875	81,225	85,650
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	8,010	3,875	4,130
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	152,980	74,600	78,375
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	770	345	430
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	1,755	845	915
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	3,355	1,560	1,795
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	224,860	111,370	113,495
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	30,900	14,530	16,375
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	279,795	133,050	146,750
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	10,470	4,835	5,630
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	269,325	128,210	141,115
English and French	1,235	595	640	2,825	1,370	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	34,750	17,340	17,410
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	7,875	3,655	4,220
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	565	295	275
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	29,550	14,325	15,225
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	260,415	119,860	140,560
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	1,215,795	587,465	628,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	32,910	15,640	17,275
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	29,220	13,945	15,275
Blackfoot	460	180	275	6,605	3,085	3,515
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	22,000	10,590	11,410
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	21,980	10,585	11,395
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	190	100	90
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	150	60	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	4,265	1,840	2,425
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	2,155	1,060	1,100
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	15,405	7,600	7,800
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	50	25	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	1,050	480	570
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	40	10	30
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	1,020	470	555
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	70	40	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	635	290	345
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	320	135	185
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	2,510	1,145	1,365
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	2,490	1,140	1,350
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	60	25	30
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	1,760	840	920
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	15	10
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	395	165	230
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	285	120	165
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	15	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	80
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	15	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	15	10	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	180	60	120
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	35	10	30	160	55	100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	40	15	25
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	40	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Michif	30	10	20	235	105	130
Salish languages	20	20	0	20	20	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	1,155	580	580
Assiniboine	15	0	15	130	55	70
Dakota	20	20	0	200	105	95
Stoney	170	90	80	890	455	430
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	90	50	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	105	35	65
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	1,183,510	572,060	611,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	123,440	63,820	59,620
Berber languages	275	175	95	630	370	260
Kabyle	165	90	70	425	215	210
Tamazight	80	60	20	180	135	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	55	40	15
Chadic languages	350	215	135	845	500	345
Hausa	340	210	135	810	470	335
Mina	0	0	0	35	30	10
Coptic	85	35	45	135	70	65
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	20,915	10,520	10,385
Bilen	235	130	105	810	415	385
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	5,390	2,775	2,610
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	14,865	7,395	7,475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	170	90	80
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	105,580	54,910	50,670
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	15,775	8,070	7,700
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	76,760	40,430	36,335
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	1,125	625	495
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	470	260	205
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	435	255	190
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	235	125	105
Harari	80	45	35	365	190	175
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	3,710	1,935	1,770
Maltese	30	15	15	80	40	40
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	15,380	7,855	7,515
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	420	285	130
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	35,940	16,645	19,295
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	2,685	1,275	1,410
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	33,020	15,240	17,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	390	225	165
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	181,630	80,370	101,260
Bikol	505	265	240	1,140	605	535
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	3,010	1,285	1,720
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	8,560	3,850	4,710
Fijian	90	50	40	330	170	165
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	3,750	1,590	2,160
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	13,710	5,825	7,885
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	2,410	1,045	1,355
Kankanaey	250	105	145	615	230	380
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	175	95	80
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	80	30	45
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	70	30	35
Malay	780	350	430	1,705	805	900
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	2,670	1,210	1,465
Pangasinan	460	235	225	1,215	560	660
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	172,625	76,255	96,375
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	1,015	460	550
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	5,045	2,295	2,750
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	5,360	2,730	2,630
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	1,435	765	670
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	480	210	275
Krio	125	60	60	530	260	270
Morisyen	355	170	185	855	425	430
Sango	0	0	0	30	25	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	1,250	670	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	1,160	580	580
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	25,790	13,240	12,545
Kannada	1,075	550	530	1,785	915	870
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	12,090	6,195	5,890
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	10,105	5,340	4,760
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	5,040	2,575	2,465
Tulu	70	35	35	160	80	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	105	55	50
Georgian	220	120	100	315	175	140
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	607,625	300,360	307,265
Albanian	1,825	990	840	3,130	1,730	1,405
Armenian	460	265	195	795	440	355
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	88,305	41,660	46,640
Baltic languages	485	220	270	975	425	545
Latvian	155	65	90	330	130	195
Lithuanian	330	155	175	650	300	350
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	87,775	41,425	46,350
Belarusian	85	30	50	280	120	165
Bulgarian	985	445	540	1,680	800	880
Czech	1,940	970	970	3,880	1,930	1,950
Macedonian	290	135	150	635	295	345
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	22,385	10,655	11,730
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	29,760	14,030	15,725
Rusyn	0	0	0	40	35	15
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	13,860	6,820	7,035
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	3,470	1,675	1,795
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	6,945	3,440	3,510
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	6,415	3,155	3,260
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	260	115	140
Slovak	1,295	590	700	2,540	1,165	1,375
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	770	335	440
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	23,340	10,625	12,715
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Celtic languages	435	245	190	1,175	565	610
Irish	205	125	85	535	260	275
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	240	110	130
Welsh	135	80	60	335	170	165
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	70	30	40
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	107,065	53,150	53,915
Frisian	55	20	35	385	175	210
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	66,405	33,105	33,300
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	65,370	32,550	32,820
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	30	15	10
Swiss German	350	165	185	1,585	785	800
Yiddish	110	65	40	215	135	85
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	38,720	19,390	19,320
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	5,940	3,005	2,935
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	17,170	8,515	8,655
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	4,055	2,030	2,020
Low Saxon	0	0	0	290	150	140
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	11,395	5,810	5,590
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	370	180	195
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	5,305	2,545	2,760
Danish	940	480	460	2,525	1,295	1,225
Icelandic	50	15	35	135	45	85
Norwegian	380	165	215	1,235	555	680
Swedish	630	275	355	1,620	760	855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	105	60	45
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	4,645	2,365	2,280
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	266,095	135,440	130,660
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	242,500	123,495	119,005
Assamese	80	45	35	190	105	90
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	10,675	5,385	5,285
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	24,780	12,630	12,150
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	94,015	48,065	45,945
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	3,495	1,550	1,945
Kashmiri	190	95	95	335	160	175
Konkani	425	200	230	860	430	425
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	4,030	2,080	1,950
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	6,995	3,620	3,370
Oriya languages	105	45	55	245	115	135
Odia	15	10	0	80	35	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	170	85	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	126,385	64,695	61,690
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	1,380	755	620
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	3,960	1,950	2,010
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	51,540	26,420	25,125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	2,125	1,155	970
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	27,205	13,830	13,380
Baluchi	65	35	30	95	60	35
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	2,510	1,335	1,180
Parsi	10	10	0	35	20	10
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	4,550	2,335	2,220
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	20,940	10,630	10,310
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	7,385	3,640	3,745
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	11,130	5,755	5,370
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	2,710	1,390	1,320
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	205	105	100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	315	185	130
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	154,035	74,195	79,845
Catalan	100	45	60	155	75	80
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	19,480	9,525	9,960
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	14,645	7,290	7,355
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	9,765	4,930	4,830
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	116,070	55,430	60,640
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	455	270	185
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	300	135	165
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	10,925	4,845	6,080
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	23,030	10,705	12,325
Mongolian	640	300	335	790	355	435
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	41,335	20,960	20,375
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	3,555	1,805	1,755
Bamanankan	35	20	15	130	80	55
Edo	310	165	145	735	400	335
Éwé	100	45	55	490	265	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	475	270	205
Ga	275	140	140	515	265	255
Ganda	110	60	45	730	350	380
Gikuyu	155	70	85	420	205	210
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	4,685	2,390	2,295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	1,955	1,010	945
Lingala	395	185	210	1,555	790	765
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	205	95	110
Mòoré	15	10	0	110	50	60
Mwani	255	140	110	330	180	145
Ndebele	125	65	65	950	465	480
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	1,305	675	630
Shona	580	270	310	2,160	1,035	1,130
Soninke	20	10	10	125	65	55
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	320	140	180
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	9,495	5,040	4,455
Wojenaka	35	25	10	145	85	60
Wolof	230	130	100	730	400	330
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	10,490	5,265	5,220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	6,385	3,160	3,230
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	3,615	1,890	1,725
Dinka	815	435	380	1,595	850	740
Nuer	440	200	240	745	355	395
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	1,285	695	590
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	440	240	200
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	6,525	2,455	4,070
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	5,685	2,100	3,585
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	970	415	550
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	144,545	68,355	76,190
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	141,465	66,830	74,635
Hakka	390	160	235	1,450	630	820
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	82,095	38,175	43,915
Min Dong	35	25	15	55	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	4,250	1,825	2,425
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	615	280	335
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	74,960	35,260	39,700
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	1,795	860	930
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	105	40	65
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	3,035	1,510	1,520
Burmese	495	245	250	895	450	450
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	160	75	80
Karenic languages	365	180	190	1,095	555	545
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	970	485	480
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	170	90	80
Tibetan	765	395	370	825	435	390
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	325	135	195
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	240	75	160
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	4,335	1,770	2,565
Lao	595	300	295	1,515	755	760
Thai	1,160	445	710	3,030	1,125	1,905
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	220	90	130
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	7,450	4,015	3,435
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	950	500	445
Kazakh	170	75	95	235	110	125
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	5,830	3,285	2,540
Uyghur	110	30	80	205	80	120
Uzbek	180	80	100	435	225	210
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	260	110	140
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	7,950	3,810	4,140
Estonian	125	55	70	245	105	135
Finnish	360	170	190	1,020	480	540
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	6,700	3,235	3,465
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	1,135	630	505
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	284,470	137,665	146,800
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	276,060	133,625	142,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	145,640	70,360	75,285
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	127,470	61,780	65,690
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	2,945	1,480	1,465
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	4,785	2,435	2,350
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	3,620	1,610	2,010
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	126,530	61,050	65,485
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	1,157,495	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	465,220	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	294,875	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	1,338,345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	9,160	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	158,300	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	350,400	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	566,750	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	548,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	427,120	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	258,680	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	235,145	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	206,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	506,150	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	1,589,600	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	43,620	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	1,556,960	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	76,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	168,925	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	428,655	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	188,550	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	224,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	152,840	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	168,905	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	161,095	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	139,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	1,543,795	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	89,420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	802,915	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	745,175	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	85,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	51,475	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	260,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	341,390	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	304,080	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	311,335	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	222,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	105,505	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	35,775	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	1,588,960	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	1,251,370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	337,585	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	306,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	463,775	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	304,300	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	58,970	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	61,750	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	11,080	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	21,460	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	5,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	740	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	1,169,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	1,557,725	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	154,230	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	1,403,495	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	1,131,995	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	448,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	463,570	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,505	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	350	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	135,650	66,545	69,110
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	131,200	64,375	66,820
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	101,455	49,465	51,990
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	28,695	14,340	14,355
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	1,050	570	480
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	4,455	2,175	2,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	4,090	1,985	2,100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	160	75	90
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	160	85	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	187,365	90,475	96,890
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	180,640	87,270	93,375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	102,335	49,695	52,640
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	76,055	36,420	39,640
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	2,255	1,155	1,095
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	6,720	3,210	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	6,150	2,915	3,235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	315	140	175
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	205	130	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	15	40
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	900,670	463,925	436,745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	385,010	185,215	199,795
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	970,970	468,250	502,725
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	127,275	62,275	65,005
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	91,320	44,550	46,770
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	126,605	60,125	66,480
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	239,260	115,815	123,445
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	386,510	185,485	201,025
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	193,335	93,675	99,665
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	193,175	91,810	101,360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	64,830	34,215	30,610
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	970,975	468,250	502,725
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	85,135	43,645	41,485
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	169,075	87,630	81,440
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	175,855	81,330	94,525
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	450,070	213,555	236,510
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	90,845	42,090	48,760
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	970,975	468,250	502,725
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	110,855	51,790	59,065
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	3,800	1,590	2,210
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	10,385	4,855	5,535
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	6,940	3,340	3,600
Guyana	740	340	400	2,375	1,175	1,205
Haiti	510	295	220	1,370	745	625
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	8,695	4,160	4,530
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	17,990	8,935	9,055
Peru	1,070	470	595	1,905	825	1,075
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	3,360	1,560	1,800
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	30,540	13,490	17,050
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	23,500	11,110	12,395
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	180,590	90,195	90,395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	4,335	2,155	2,185
Croatia	1,330	620	705	3,405	1,710	1,700
France	1,265	645	620	2,720	1,330	1,390
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	16,635	8,000	8,635
Greece	865	455	415	1,895	1,035	855
Hungary	1,550	740	815	3,080	1,505	1,580
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	6,990	3,605	3,380
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	12,730	6,680	6,050
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	15,595	7,280	8,315
Portugal	990	505	485	3,730	1,895	1,835
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	7,190	3,585	3,605
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	7,470	3,205	4,260
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	2,220	1,075	1,145
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	8,915	4,050	4,870
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	56,675	29,555	27,125
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	26,990	13,535	13,460
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	119,295	60,715	58,580
Algeria	630	310	315	1,220	665	560
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	3,215	1,640	1,575
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	6,760	3,660	3,095
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	9,720	5,230	4,495
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	14,420	7,085	7,340
Morocco	870	445	425	2,130	1,100	1,035
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	21,065	10,925	10,145
Somalia	1,580	775	805	8,545	4,260	4,285
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	8,960	4,430	4,535
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	43,250	21,720	21,530
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	549,965	260,520	289,440
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	6,585	3,235	3,350
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	8,865	4,625	4,245
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	6,220	3,225	2,990
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	9,960	5,375	4,585
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	9,975	5,310	4,665
Turkey	1,085	540	545	2,830	1,575	1,260
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	61,390	27,935	33,455
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	18,725	9,090	9,630
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	16,180	7,545	8,635
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	3,395	1,415	1,980
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	167,735	74,205	93,530
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	27,880	12,700	15,180
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	6,035	3,080	2,960
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	122,150	61,405	60,740
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	30,810	15,690	15,120
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	4,930	2,490	2,445
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	46,305	21,615	24,690
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	10,275	5,030	5,240
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	193,170	91,815	101,360
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	19,300	8,985	10,320
Brazil	840	355	490	1,365	555	810
Colombia	615	245	370	1,310	535	775
Haiti	105	55	45	220	135	85
Jamaica	475	215	255	2,130	985	1,145
Mexico	1,265	645	615	4,165	2,140	2,025
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	5,175	2,460	2,715
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	1,220	525	695
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	3,715	1,645	2,070
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	15,750	7,955	7,795
France	200	95	105	405	200	200
Germany	225	105	120	750	310	445
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	1,060	640	425
Italy	260	160	105	470	285	180
Russian Federation	635	235	405	1,090	395	695
Ukraine	680	295	385	2,045	920	1,125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	3,800	2,170	1,630
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	6,135	3,045	3,090
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	34,320	16,870	17,450
Algeria	60	15	50	155	50	105
Burundi	40	15	25	450	220	230
Cameroon	380	170	210	905	385	520
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	920	450	465
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	265	125	140
Egypt	595	300	300	1,190	595	595
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	5,120	2,665	2,450
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	3,960	1,865	2,100
Morocco	210	95	110	510	215	290
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	9,840	4,950	4,890
Somalia	310	140	170	1,960	970	985
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	1,950	1,025	930
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	1,135	530	605
Tunisia	95	65	30	250	150	105
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	5,725	2,680	3,040
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	122,360	57,210	65,145
Afghanistan	845	405	435	1,350	655	700
Bangladesh	630	310	320	1,135	540	590
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	9,495	4,095	5,400
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	730	330	395
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	31,815	16,070	15,745
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	1,420	665	750
Iraq	945	440	505	1,305	625	680
Israel	340	185	150	660	365	295
Japan	170	25	140	335	50	285
Jordan	165	90	70	455	235	220
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	3,425	1,440	1,990
Lebanon	425	215	210	955	455	500
Nepal	460	235	230	1,365	670	695
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	4,085	1,950	2,130
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	47,605	21,395	26,215
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	690	360	325
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	740	370	365
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	7,295	3,900	3,400
Turkey	405	175	225	845	405	440
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	690	375	315
Viet Nam	955	310	640	1,760	580	1,180
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	4,205	1,670	2,540
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	1,445	785	655
Australia	435	230	205	940	510	430
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	500	280	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	1,074,140	522,255	551,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	777,505	391,285	386,215
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	843,700	405,975	437,720
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	471,325	236,805	234,520
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	192,785	116,035	76,755
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	278,535	120,765	157,765
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	240,090	98,410	141,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	123,970	66,715	57,255
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	8,315	4,050	4,265
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	843,700	405,975	437,720
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	29,815	17,215	12,595
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	126,640	57,515	69,125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	24,340	12,430	11,910
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	47,540	25,735	21,805
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	3,740	1,430	2,305
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	611,625	291,650	319,975
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	1,161,420	571,535	589,885
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	297,650	152,030	145,620
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	164,235	79,520	84,710
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	177,940	90,375	87,570
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	216,710	99,540	117,170
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	69,505	36,555	32,955
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	66,520	32,115	34,405
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	54,005	25,215	28,790
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	25,075	12,835	12,240
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	24,365	11,600	12,770
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	13,560	6,135	7,425
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	12,100	5,985	6,120
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	39,745	19,625	20,120
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	484,655	251,795	232,860
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	766,070	376,940	389,130
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	561,915	270,440	291,470
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	631,015	309,855	321,160
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	340,900	167,270	173,635
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	641,025	317,325	323,705
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	177,990	85,545	92,440
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	98,730	49,855	48,875
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	155,700	79,060	76,640
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	343,640	169,070	174,575
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	174,625	87,015	87,610
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	169,925	82,005	87,915
Québécois	1,580	785	795	5,380	2,810	2,570
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	124,835	63,065	61,770
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	203,955	94,020	109,935
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	32,365	15,655	16,710
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	73,475	37,700	35,780
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	73,355	35,940	37,415
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	115,455	55,915	59,535
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	70,790	36,360	34,425
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	97,890	46,455	51,435
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	154,535	74,455	80,085
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	76,810	36,840	39,970
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	21,415	10,745	10,680
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	66,100	32,535	33,560
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	40,165	18,395	21,770
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	92,975	43,950	49,025
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	51,360	25,175	26,185
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	10,110	5,175	4,935
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	39,535	20,140	19,390
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	34,225	17,015	17,210
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	14,405	7,195	7,210
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	37,585	19,270	18,315
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	39,395	18,815	20,580
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	23,860	12,675	11,185
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	13,980	7,290	6,690
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	15,620	7,845	7,775
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	31,255	15,030	16,225
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	62,465	30,145	32,315
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	24,170	11,505	12,660
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	31,530	14,880	16,650
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	28,480	14,600	13,880
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	10,550	5,380	5,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	14,380	7,135	7,240
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	56,190	27,550	28,640
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	26,435	12,745	13,695
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	28,860	15,005	13,855
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	36,220	17,895	18,325
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	21,985	10,715	11,270
Haitian	930	475	455	2,460	1,255	1,200
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	20,535	10,485	10,050
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	25,450	12,870	12,580
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	31,565	15,825	15,740
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	22,450	11,045	11,405
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	18,705	9,040	9,665
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	5,140	2,600	2,540
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	13,720	6,830	6,890
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	18,605	8,565	10,040
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	8,945	4,525	4,420
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	8,305	4,030	4,275
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	25,800	13,080	12,720
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	12,420	6,350	6,065
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	9,585	5,080	4,505
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	12,105	5,985	6,125
Tamil	1,370	710	665	3,160	1,645	1,515
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	19,720	9,865	9,850
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	11,115	5,380	5,735
Moroccan	880	425	460	2,620	1,375	1,250
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	19,730	9,465	10,260
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	9,520	4,880	4,645
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	3,370	1,715	1,655
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	10,380	5,155	5,225
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	6,880	3,570	3,310
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	7,410	3,655	3,760
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	4,680	2,280	2,395
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	8,615	4,495	4,125
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	6,715	3,340	3,375
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	3,155	1,505	1,655
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	4,640	2,425	2,215
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	4,595	2,300	2,295
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	6,670	3,725	2,945
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	3,935	2,065	1,870
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	6,525	3,435	3,090
Algerian	645	320	320	1,300	680	620
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	5,000	2,340	2,655
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	14,600	7,585	7,015
Armenian	925	495	430	1,870	930	940
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	10,525	5,200	5,320
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	7,430	3,470	3,965
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	16,310	8,160	8,150
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	3,630	1,510	2,120
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	4,725	2,385	2,345
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	7,055	3,475	3,580
African Caribbean	930	495	430	2,290	1,180	1,110
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	7,445	3,460	3,980
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	5,800	3,120	2,680
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	3,670	1,735	1,930
Algonquin	380	165	220	1,680	820	860
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	2,215	995	1,220
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	5,670	2,635	3,035
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	8,400	4,055	4,345
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	8,395	4,275	4,125
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	4,425	2,365	2,060
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	7,350	3,765	3,590
Congolese	1,045	500	545	3,540	1,815	1,725
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	2,590	1,280	1,310
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	13,505	6,620	6,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	5,735	2,690	3,045
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	2,670	1,270	1,395
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	8,895	4,535	4,360
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	4,535	2,235	2,295
Berber	405	225	175	995	550	450
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	3,240	1,810	1,430
Maltese	505	230	275	1,535	800	730
Macedonian	385	185	200	925	440	485
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	3,860	1,935	1,925
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	5,220	2,505	2,715
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	1,545	790	760
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	4,210	2,140	2,070
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	11,010	5,580	5,430
African Canadian	940	465	475	2,605	1,305	1,305
Israeli	1,095	565	525	1,920	995	925
Mohawk	500	300	200	1,965	1,020	950
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	8,235	3,925	4,310
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	2,490	1,205	1,290
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	26,600	13,605	12,990
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	4,015	2,025	1,995
Barbadian	640	310	330	1,725	835	895
African American	935	435	495	3,250	1,665	1,585
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	4,085	1,990	2,095
Tunisian	300	150	155	855	440	415
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	3,640	1,890	1,745
Cuban	830	395	435	2,125	985	1,140
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	4,170	2,065	2,100
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	4,240	2,015	2,220
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	250	110	140
Latvian	1,025	485	540	2,920	1,450	1,470
Bengali	1,200	585	610	2,190	1,090	1,095
Cameroonian	930	485	450	2,205	1,060	1,140
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	2,395	1,185	1,210
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	3,640	1,660	1,985
Laotian	1,015	505	510	2,460	1,225	1,235
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	6,045	2,785	3,255
Northern Irish	920	445	475	2,525	1,205	1,320
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	2,405	1,230	1,175
British Columbian	520	295	225	1,940	965	980
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	980	465	515
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	320	190	130
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	2,030	1,030	1,000
Estonian	980	480	500	2,640	1,280	1,365
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	2,290	1,180	1,110
Fijian	1,145	525	620	4,155	2,040	2,115
Jatt	1,410	705	705	2,875	1,445	1,430
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	2,195	1,125	1,070
Coptic	440	225	215	1,285	650	635
Thai	1,185	370	810	3,535	1,240	2,295
Dominican	405	245	160	1,005	525	480
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	5,140	2,655	2,485
Kabyle	95	50	45	225	125	95
Assyrian	420	215	200	690	345	350
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	5,245	2,750	2,495
Byelorussian	730	350	380	2,310	1,120	1,190
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	4,220	2,020	2,200
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	11,115	5,290	5,830
Abenaki	50	20	25	135	65	70
Moldovan	990	545	445	2,070	1,065	1,005
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	1,360	645	710
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	3,175	1,630	1,545
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	5,225	2,690	2,530
Breton	40	30	10	320	155	165
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	1,950	770	1,180
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	2,640	1,205	1,435
Plains Cree	200	100	95	5,360	2,660	2,705
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	965	470	490
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	240	140	105
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	4,150	1,935	2,210
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	2,200	1,080	1,125
Gaspesian	10	0	0	80	55	25
Norman	145	100	45	495	330	165
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	2,715	1,400	1,315
Ivorian	210	110	105	685	330	360
Saulteaux	280	120	160	1,990	910	1,075
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	550	240	315
Burundian	150	70	85	1,155	575	580
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	5,075	2,745	2,325
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	1,780	895	880
Mauritian	450	190	255	985	450	540
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	2,710	1,315	1,395
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	135	40	95
Vincentian	175	65	110	445	200	250
Jordanian	445	220	225	1,175	575	600
Manitoban	460	245	210	1,595	845	750
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	665	305	355
Rwandan	280	150	130	1,605	860	745
Grenadian	225	90	135	600	245	355
Malayali	665	375	290	1,705	900	800
Chaldean	165	80	85	255	140	115
Sinhalese	555	255	305	1,220	590	630
Mayan	575	310	270	1,405	710	695
Honduran	340	150	185	905	395	515
Cherokee	545	255	285	2,075	1,030	1,040
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	910	460	455
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	310	150	155
Flemish	420	190	235	1,530	740	785
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	520	250	265
Senegalese	140	100	35	380	215	155
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	975	500	475
Sicilian	110	35	70	345	185	155
Pashtun	820	420	400	1,370	715	650
Malay	790	340	450	1,785	855	925
Goan	350	185	165	565	295	270
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	865	440	435
Tibetan	790	415	375	850	455	395
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	2,825	1,300	1,530
Burmese	540	250	285	1,115	535	580
Mongolian	985	455	535	1,690	805	885
Azorean	70	25	45	230	100	130
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bamileke	105	60	45	340	185	160
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	250	135	110
Ugandan	300	145	150	1,595	780	815
Oromo	1,560	875	685	3,745	2,025	1,715
Tanzanian	795	425	375	1,500	775	725
Yemeni	555	280	275	1,160	565	595
Central African	70	35	40	320	165	155
Libyan	445	255	190	1,010	620	395
Basque	175	80	90	475	235	240
Uruguayan	85	40	45	285	145	145
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	840	400	445
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	735	410	330
Igorot	1,195	560	625	2,535	1,145	1,395
Fulani	65	25	35	370	190	180
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	2,295	1,120	1,180
Guinean	155	80	70	370	190	185
St. Lucian	230	90	140	535	235	300
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	585	280	310
Maliseet	25	15	10	110	55	55
Beninese	145	75	70	320	160	165
Telugu	255	135	120	580	310	270
Roma	200	95	100	655	305	350
Costa Rican	180	95	85	595	290	305
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	225	120	105
Malagasy	35	20	15	125	50	75
Kashmiri	820	405	415	1,195	575	620
Singaporean	325	120	205	780	340	440
Karen	390	195	195	1,120	560	560
Edo	605	340	265	1,145	625	525
Tajik	280	130	145	370	185	190
Amhara	810	435	380	1,755	925	825
Paraguayan	100	30	70	310	125	185
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	42,830	19,140	23,690
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	429,375	207,320	222,055
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	20,035	10,075	9,960
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	95,560	43,925	51,635
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	44,605	20,650	23,955
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	833,025	399,750	433,275
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	63,775	30,995	32,775
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	18,185	7,955	10,235
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	47,125	22,540	24,580
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	78,925	36,470	42,455
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	9,640	4,400	5,240
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	53,900	25,250	28,655
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	22,850	10,360	12,495
Reformed	1,250	600	655	14,735	7,310	7,430
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	153,820	67,205	86,615
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	124,265	58,235	66,030
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	78,520	40,435	38,085
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	11,390	5,475	5,915
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	202,535	103,635	98,900
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	103,600	52,505	51,100
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	19,755	9,640	10,120
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	33,220	14,325	18,905
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	1,676,045	890,645	785,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	548,535	271,400	277,130
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	367,325	182,230	185,100
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	181,205	89,170	92,035
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	152,655	75,275	77,380
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	107,180	52,880	54,295
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	45,475	22,390	23,090
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	28,555	13,900	14,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	1,615,755	802,340	813,415
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	854,765	427,660	427,105
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	760,990	374,680	386,305
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	596,980	295,120	301,860
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	431,785	213,950	217,830
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	165,195	81,160	84,035
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	164,015	79,565	84,445
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	595,665	322,765	272,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	274,480	156,485	117,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	522,835	275,555	247,275
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	972,110	482,900	489,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	1,880,185	917,400	962,790
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	1,014,810	524,770	490,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	295,285	232,120	63,165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	87,195	51,295	35,900
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	208,090	180,830	27,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	612,690	250,540	362,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	106,840	42,105	64,735
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	865,370	392,625	472,745
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	605,025	265,105	339,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	44,915	19,815	25,100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	23,880	12,100	11,775
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	164,245	79,220	85,025
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	27,315	16,385	10,920
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	227,880	126,960	100,920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	581,820	298,415	283,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	1,488,465	716,410	772,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	774,420	401,065	373,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	220,930	175,185	45,745
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	61,815	37,400	24,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	159,110	137,785	21,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	472,155	193,510	278,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	81,335	32,370	48,965
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	714,040	315,340	398,700
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	497,885	213,625	284,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	35,125	15,110	20,020
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	20,045	9,435	10,615
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	139,935	65,290	74,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	21,050	11,880	9,165
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	1,494,945	758,460	736,490
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	129,710	30,305	99,400
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	129,710	30,305	99,400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	49,820	20,045	29,775
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	5,805	4,125	1,675
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	44,015	15,915	28,100
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	75,030	29,415	45,615
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	7,385	1,545	5,845
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	15,425	4,255	11,170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	24,015	8,710	15,315
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	1,165	400	760
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	5,555	3,090	2,465
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	11,680	6,855	4,830
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	8,065	4,165	3,895
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	1,735	400	1,335
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	177,435	57,365	120,070
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	2,750	620	2,130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	21,730	8,340	13,395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	29,220	2,090	27,125
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	31,215	10,250	20,965
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	3,045	1,025	2,015
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	31,925	7,565	24,355
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	57,565	27,475	30,085
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	390,110	151,140	238,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	615	160	455
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	23,375	4,465	18,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	366,120	146,520	219,605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	80,425	40,180	40,245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	29,505	11,950	17,555
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	18,630	8,340	10,295
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	1,115	400	715
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	26,315	17,555	8,760
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	4,860	1,930	2,930
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	71,380	45,230	26,150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	58,030	39,530	18,500
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	4,400	600	3,800
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	7,770	4,330	3,435
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	1,190	765	420
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	461,075	411,075	49,995
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	12,095	7,465	4,625
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	114,735	92,365	22,370
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	106,575	91,350	15,225
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	50	25	25
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	95,890	92,650	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	82,805	80,150	2,655
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	48,925	47,075	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	51,710	28,660	23,055
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	35,010	19,075	15,935
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	16,700	9,575	7,120
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	295,415	56,225	239,190
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	20,505	9,625	10,885
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	267,750	42,785	224,965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	475	180	295
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	6,680	3,635	3,050
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	97,660	47,575	50,075
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	57,430	15,580	41,845
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	365	335	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	705	605	100
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	19,025	12,445	6,580
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	20,125	18,615	1,520
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	420	190	235
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	809,700	425,375	384,325
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	92,240	19,980	72,255
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	92,240	19,980	72,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	39,730	15,620	24,110
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	4,065	2,750	1,315
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	35,665	12,875	22,790
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	58,200	22,205	35,990
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	5,945	1,210	4,740
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	12,145	3,310	8,825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	19,305	6,800	12,500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	890	295	590
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	4,385	2,430	1,950
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	8,135	4,740	3,395
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	6,205	3,160	3,040
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	1,190	250	940
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	146,530	45,555	100,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	2,315	515	1,800
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	18,890	6,940	11,950
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	23,325	1,630	21,690
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	25,940	7,730	18,210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	2,545	825	1,715
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	25,775	5,750	20,025
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	47,735	22,165	25,570
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	317,125	121,510	195,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	450	135	315
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	18,680	3,200	15,480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	297,995	118,175	179,820
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	61,555	29,465	32,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	23,290	9,185	14,105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	14,260	6,255	8,010
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	900	315	580
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	19,655	12,320	7,335
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	3,445	1,385	2,055
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	61,125	39,035	22,085
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	51,435	34,910	16,530
25. Library science	900	120	780	2,945	460	2,490
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	5,775	3,080	2,700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	965	590	370
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	362,315	318,170	44,135
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	9,600	5,585	4,020
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	95,200	75,075	20,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	84,485	71,240	13,245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	40	10	30
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	73,955	71,080	2,875
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	61,780	59,485	2,290
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	37,260	35,705	1,555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	40,085	20,610	19,475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	26,160	12,965	13,205
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	13,925	7,650	6,275
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	232,820	45,895	186,920
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	16,345	7,640	8,705
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	210,650	35,325	175,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	400	145	255
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	5,430	2,785	2,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	76,410	38,205	38,205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	43,535	12,080	31,455
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	300	275	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	445	390	55
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	15,885	10,385	5,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	16,245	15,080	1,165
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	350	145	205
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	809,700	425,375	384,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	1,488,465	716,405	772,060
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	1,157,790	563,035	594,750
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	886,080	429,870	456,210
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	271,710	133,165	138,545
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	330,675	153,370	177,305
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	54,515	26,775	27,740
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	34,460	17,900	16,555
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	4,820	2,255	2,565
Cuba	235	135	95	625	300	320
Haiti	75	45	30	190	125	65
Jamaica	400	175	230	1,470	665	805
Brazil	1,555	665	890	2,480	1,000	1,475
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	3,200	1,335	1,865
Peru	365	140	225	640	220	420
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	2,395	995	1,400
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	4,235	1,975	2,265
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	54,920	28,570	26,350
Belgium	170	100	70	510	320	190
France	1,155	600	555	2,005	1,045	960
Germany	925	515	405	3,195	1,670	1,520
Netherlands	600	315	285	2,110	1,215	890
Switzerland	280	150	130	945	515	435
Hungary	330	165	165	645	310	335
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	980	445	540
Poland	1,375	540	835	3,150	1,350	1,805
Romania	1,725	935	795	2,790	1,455	1,335
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	3,450	1,515	1,935
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	4,305	1,940	2,365
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	1,865	1,115	750
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	20,280	11,190	9,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	730	375	360
Italy	315	170	140	660	360	300
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	755	365	390
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	6,550	3,385	3,165
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	26,775	13,770	13,005
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	7,795	3,825	3,970
Algeria	330	170	160	670	345	325
Morocco	380	205	175	1,085	615	475
Tunisia	180	110	70	505	305	200
Egypt	1,610	825	785	3,230	1,665	1,565
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	3,660	1,885	1,770
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	9,830	5,130	4,700
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	188,060	80,750	107,315
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	3,440	1,605	1,835
Iraq	895	440	455	1,435	730	705
Israel	385	210	175	655	350	305
Lebanon	590	275	315	1,500	695	805
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	1,370	700	660
Turkey	385	235	155	895	540	360
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	17,320	7,525	9,795
Taiwan	565	140	430	960	245	715
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	1,245	425	820
Japan	995	270	720	1,935	530	1,405
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	6,990	2,990	4,000
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	74,205	29,080	45,130
Viet Nam	810	315	495	1,500	545	955
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	2,470	990	1,490
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	1,280	685	595
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	52,120	24,905	27,215
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	10,355	4,710	5,645
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	8,390	3,510	4,885
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	6,410	3,505	2,905
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	4,880	2,560	2,320
New Zealand	480	255	230	1,105	680	425
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	425	265	160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	264,650	138,365	126,290
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	1,079,750	459,900	619,845
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	68.0	72.6	63.5
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	60.2	64.3	56.1
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	11.5	11.4	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	1,140,745	497,150	643,595
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	1,164,455	670,620	493,835
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	1,069,930	508,085	561,840
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	40.8	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	70,455	34,850	35,605
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	1,876,950	967,450	909,500
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	1,560,435	814,805	745,625
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	316,520	152,640	163,880
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	97,610	44,060	53,555
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	218,905	108,585	110,320
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	347,975	213,655	134,320
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	70,455	34,850	35,605
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	23,120	16,455	6,665
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	373,795	110,275	263,520
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	182,880	140,540	42,340
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	182,480	34,585	147,895
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	246,625	82,115	164,510
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	51,815	21,140	30,675
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	538,930	232,640	306,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	441,955	399,605	42,345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	99,430	77,250	22,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	83,895	66,480	17,415
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	70,455	34,850	35,605
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	63,965	42,305	21,665
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	112,890	88,690	24,200
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	22,630	15,900	6,735
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	210,350	177,845	32,505
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	118,890	88,735	30,155
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	71,580	50,655	20,930
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	253,030	117,605	135,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	128,410	96,000	32,410
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	28,680	16,625	12,055
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	68,355	27,225	41,135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	39,400	21,625	17,775
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	177,895	99,055	78,840
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	4,420	2,075	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	91,750	51,325	40,430
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	149,170	43,775	105,400
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	285,090	51,930	233,155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	42,685	20,880	21,805
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	132,930	57,280	75,650
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	104,530	50,355	54,175
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	118,270	61,230	57,040
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975
French	1,020	295	725	3,840	1,145	2,695
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	14,015	7,470	6,545
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	245	140	105
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	13,770	7,330	6,440
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	20,015	8,200	11,815
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	61,830	31,865	29,965
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	45	15	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	1,550	765	785
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	885	475	410
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165
French	2,040	595	1,445	6,900	1,930	4,970
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	25,965	13,980	11,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	765	425	340
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	695	400	300
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	355	280
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	630	355	280
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	55	20	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	295	220
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	15	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	25,200	13,555	11,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	1,025	535	495
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	165	70	95
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	135	60	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	850	450	400
Amharic	35	25	10	100	50	60
Arabic	315	165	150	600	315	280
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	125	60	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	1,305	500	805
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	20	0	15
Vietnamese	780	295	485	1,275	480	795
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	1,160	540	620
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	70	40	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	1,065	490	570
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	90	35	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	40	20	25
Tamil	15	0	15	30	10	25
Telugu	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	12,180	7,175	5,010
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	780	300	480
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	780	300	480
Bulgarian	10	0	10	20	0	15
Czech	10	10	0	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	225	90	135
Russian	175	75	100	305	100	200
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	90	45	45
Bosnian	25	10	20	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbian	25	20	10	55	35	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	115	55	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	3,025	1,985	1,045
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	1,555	970	580
German	70	35	35	1,540	965	575
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	1,445	995	455
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	85	50	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	330	245	80
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,025	695	330
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	15	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	5,660	3,440	2,220
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	5,435	3,340	2,100
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gujarati	70	35	30	135	65	65
Hindi	110	60	45	280	150	135
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	70	20	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	4,630	2,975	1,655
Sindhi	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	285	125	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	220	100	120
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	10	0	10
Persian languages	125	50	70	210	95	110
Dari	30	10	20	70	30	40
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	115	55	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	2,660	1,415	1,245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	45	25	20
Portuguese	75	50	30	125	75	50
Romanian	40	25	15	75	45	35
Spanish	1,150	475	670	2,420	1,275	1,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	20	15	0
Japanese	105	25	75	205	70	135
Korean	775	435	345	1,250	630	620
Mongolian	15	10	10	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	65	30	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	200	100	100
American Sign Language	30	10	15	170	80	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	7,340	3,725	3,615
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	7,295	3,700	3,605
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	3,105	1,570	1,535
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	4,145	2,095	2,050
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	40	30	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	40	20	15
Burmese	10	10	0	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	170	65	100
Lao	15	10	0	15	10	0
Thai	35	0	30	150	55	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	145	115	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	145	115	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	50	30	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	45	30	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	14,630	7,530	7,100
English and French	805	365	435	2,560	1,105	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	11,695	6,245	5,440
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	145	65	75
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	190	90	105
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	13,200	6,355	6,840
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	14,630	6,410	8,215
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	36,335	18,310	18,025
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	2,125	865	1,255
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	34,210	17,445	16,765
English and French	15	10	0	35	25	10
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	1,080	540	540
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	1,125	565	560
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	4,760	2,335	2,420
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	446,315	211,420	234,900
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	5,430	4,105	1,330
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	319,675	242,835	76,845
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	902,040	419,240	482,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	292,360	157,820	134,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	52,590	34,120	18,470
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	12,315	8,060	4,260
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	1,378,685	765,905	612,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	1,287,940	730,925	557,015
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	90,740	34,980	55,760
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	88,255	39,915	48,345
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	62,810	27,445	35,360
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	11,370	7,975	3,395
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	37,865	20,820	17,040
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	487,710	225,360	262,355
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	610,485	333,105	277,385
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	302,735	184,370	118,365
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	87,230	55,475	31,755
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	90,815	63,765	27,050
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	116,400	88,060	28,340
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	296,930	194,765	102,165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	424,170	228,535	195,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	299,145	134,910	164,240
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	195,835	83,185	112,655
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	246,495	132,620	113,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	971,390	499,245	472,145
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	67,140	34,000	33,140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	904,245	465,240	439,005
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	704,490	362,400	342,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	49,735	25,180	24,555
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	24,675	12,010	12,665
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	25,055	13,170	11,890
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	654,755	337,220	317,530

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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