Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Zone 7 (Miramichi area)More information: New Brunswick [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	41,531	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,067	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,372	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	41,530	20,375	21,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,295	2,730	2,570	12.7	13.4	12.1
0 to 4 years	1,460	745	715	3.5	3.7	3.4
5 to 9 years	1,855	945	905	4.5	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	1,990	1,045	945	4.8	5.1	4.5
15 to 64 years	25,285	12,540	12,740	60.9	61.5	60.2
15 to 19 years	2,030	1,060	970	4.9	5.2	4.6
20 to 24 years	2,080	1,080	1,000	5.0	5.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	1,915	1,005	910	4.6	4.9	4.3
30 to 34 years	1,990	1,005	985	4.8	4.9	4.7
35 to 39 years	2,010	970	1,045	4.8	4.8	4.9
40 to 44 years	2,295	1,135	1,155	5.5	5.6	5.5
45 to 49 years	2,790	1,345	1,440	6.7	6.6	6.8
50 to 54 years	3,045	1,460	1,580	7.3	7.2	7.5
55 to 59 years	3,510	1,705	1,800	8.5	8.4	8.5
60 to 64 years	3,620	1,770	1,850	8.7	8.7	8.7
65 years and over	10,950	5,095	5,845	26.4	25.0	27.6
65 to 69 years	3,560	1,680	1,880	8.6	8.2	8.9
70 to 74 years	3,015	1,470	1,540	7.3	7.2	7.3
75 to 79 years	1,925	935	990	4.6	4.6	4.7
80 to 84 years	1,305	575	735	3.1	2.8	3.5
85 years and over	1,140	435	710	2.7	2.1	3.4
85 to 89 years	730	310	420	1.8	1.5	2.0
90 to 94 years	315	105	210	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.7	13.4	12.1	12.7	13.4	12.1
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.5	60.2	60.9	61.5	60.2
65 years and over	26.4	25.0	27.6	26.4	25.0	27.6
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.4	2.7	2.1	3.4
Average age of the population	47.1	46.1	48.0	47.1	46.1	48.0
Median age of the population	50.8	49.6	51.6	50.8	49.6	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,635	...	...	79.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	500	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	225	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,690	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,150	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,600	...	...	30.5	...	...
2 persons	7,345	...	...	40.0	...	...
3 persons	2,705	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	1,870	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	860	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	40,535	19,855	20,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	36,230	17,640	18,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	20,365	10,215	10,155	56.2	57.9	54.6
Married	16,635	8,350	8,285	45.9	47.3	44.6
Living common-law	3,725	1,865	1,865	10.3	10.6	10.0
Living common law - Never married	2,680	1,350	1,330	7.4	7.7	7.2
Living common law - Separated	260	125	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	660	335	325	1.8	1.9	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	125	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	15,865	7,430	8,440	43.8	42.1	45.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,605	5,350	4,250	26.5	30.3	22.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,275	570	705	3.5	3.2	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,040	890	1,145	5.6	5.0	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,950	615	2,335	8.1	3.5	12.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,585	...	...	61.0	...	...
3 persons	2,585	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	1,700	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	565	...	...	4.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,015	...	...	80.5	...	...
Married couples	8,150	...	...	65.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,175	...	...	25.5	...	...
Without children	4,980	...	...	40.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,865	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	795	...	...	6.4	...	...
Without children	1,070	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,425	...	...	19.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,900	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	525	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	40,530	19,855	20,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,740	16,220	16,520	80.8	81.7	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,030	10,015	10,015	49.4	50.4	48.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,425	530	1,900	6.0	2.7	9.2
Children⁶	10,285	5,680	4,610	25.4	28.6	22.3
In a two-parent family	6,675	3,655	3,020	16.5	18.4	14.6
In a one-parent family	3,615	2,020	1,590	8.9	10.2	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,795	3,635	4,160	19.2	18.3	20.1
Living alone	5,600	2,525	3,075	13.8	12.7	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,000	460	540	2.5	2.3	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,190	655	545	2.9	3.3	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,210	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	9,325	...	...	50.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,680	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	5,650	...	...	30.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,880	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	415	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	480	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	605	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	5,600	...	...	30.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	35,240	17,125	18,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,240	16,640	17,595	97.2	97.2	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,800	32,000	35,600	38,800	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,240	16,650	17,595	97.2	97.2	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,800	29,600	32,400	34,800	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,145	14,160	13,985	79.9	82.7	77.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	29,800	24,600	27,200	29,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,280	11,425	10,850	63.2	66.7	59.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	30,200	27,800	29,000	30,200	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,280	13,840	15,440	83.1	80.8	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,500	15,600	13,600	14,500	15,600	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,000	5,120	3,880	25.5	29.9	21.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	10,300	6,900	8,500	10,300	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,540	4,285	4,255	24.2	25.0	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	35,155	17,135	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,200	16,670	17,525	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	46,640	37,320	41,840	46,640	37,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,200	16,675	17,525	97.3	97.3	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	39,560	33,000	36,200	39,560	33,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,915	14,030	13,880	79.4	81.9	77.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	40,520	31,880	36,200	40,520	31,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,165	11,285	10,875	63.0	65.9	60.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,920	40,080	33,680	36,920	40,080	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,470	13,965	15,505	83.8	81.5	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,260	14,960	13,640	14,260	14,960	13,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,095	5,210	3,885	25.9	30.4	21.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,970	11,010	8,570	9,970	11,010	8,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,750	4,330	4,415	24.9	25.3	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,570	8,460	8,520	8,570	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	35,155	17,135	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,000	4,360	4,640	25.6	25.4	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	58,000	51,600	54,400	58,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,600	62,900	54,550	58,600	62,900	54,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,085	5,260	4,830	28.7	30.7	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	19,400	14,300	16,800	19,400	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,660	27,760	19,180	23,660	27,760	19,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.6	73.2	67.6	70.6	73.2	67.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.2	58.1	56.0	57.2	58.1	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.4	26.9	32.3	29.4	26.9	32.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.3	7.4	5.1	6.3	7.4	5.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.6	7.1	6.3	5.6	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.8	5.7	5.2	4.8	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	35,240	17,130	18,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,000	485	515	2.8	2.8	2.8
With total income	34,245	16,645	17,600	97.2	97.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,575	1,025	1,550	7.5	6.2	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	4,740	1,920	2,820	13.8	11.5	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,735	2,945	3,790	19.7	17.7	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,585	2,725	2,865	16.3	16.4	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,585	2,365	2,220	13.4	14.2	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,085	1,680	1,410	9.0	10.1	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,165	1,225	940	6.3	7.4	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,470	800	675	4.3	4.8	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,180	600	585	3.5	3.6	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	765	430	335	2.2	2.6	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,355	950	405	4.0	5.7	2.3
$100,000 to $149,999	1,025	690	325	3.0	4.2	1.9
$150,000 and over	335	255	75	1.0	1.5	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	35,240	17,130	18,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,000	485	515	2.8	2.8	2.8
With after-tax income	34,245	16,645	17,600	97.2	97.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,685	1,055	1,625	7.8	6.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,985	2,035	2,950	14.6	12.2	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,950	3,550	4,405	23.2	21.3	25.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,495	3,275	3,220	19.0	19.7	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,750	2,615	2,135	13.9	15.7	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,015	1,630	1,385	8.8	9.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,850	945	900	5.4	5.7	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,185	640	545	3.5	3.8	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	540	335	210	1.6	2.0	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	280	195	95	0.8	1.1	0.5
$100,000 and over	510	385	130	1.5	2.3	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	275	195	80	0.8	1.2	0.5
$125,000 and over	240	190	50	0.7	1.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	35,240	17,130	18,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,960	5,700	7,260	36.8	33.3	40.1
With employment income	22,275	11,430	10,855	63.2	66.7	59.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,755	1,325	1,425	12.3	11.6	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,140	1,000	1,140	9.6	8.8	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,740	1,925	1,810	16.8	16.8	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,785	1,445	1,340	12.5	12.6	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,525	1,160	1,365	11.3	10.2	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,975	1,030	945	8.9	9.0	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,665	905	760	7.5	7.9	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,360	730	630	6.1	6.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	975	485	490	4.4	4.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	875	410	465	3.9	3.6	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	560	325	240	2.5	2.8	2.2
$100,000 and over	925	680	245	4.2	6.0	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	530	355	175	2.4	3.1	1.7
$125,000 and over	395	325	70	1.8	2.8	0.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	35,240	17,125	18,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,670	16,355	17,320	95.5	95.5	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	28,800	33,200	38,000	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,695	16,355	17,340	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,800	30,200	34,000	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,075	14,115	13,960	79.7	82.4	77.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,200	24,600	27,800	31,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,570	11,610	10,960	64.0	67.8	60.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	31,200	27,000	29,000	31,200	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,190	12,625	14,570	77.2	73.7	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	13,400	10,300	11,700	13,400	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,965	5,165	3,805	25.4	30.2	21.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	11,000	7,050	9,000	11,000	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	35,155	17,135	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,660	16,425	17,235	95.7	95.9	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,840	45,360	34,600	39,840	45,360	34,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,660	16,425	17,240	95.7	95.9	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,360	38,320	30,600	34,360	38,320	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,955	14,075	13,880	79.5	82.1	77.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,320	31,440	36,400	41,320	31,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,555	11,595	10,960	64.2	67.7	60.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,160	40,800	33,320	37,160	40,800	33,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,245	12,745	14,500	77.5	74.4	80.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,870	12,800	11,050	11,870	12,800	11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,975	5,245	3,730	25.5	30.6	20.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,190	11,210	8,750	10,190	11,210	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	35,155	17,135	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,985	4,345	4,645	25.6	25.4	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	54,400	47,600	52,000	54,400	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,200	60,200	50,480	55,200	60,200	50,480
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,660	5,050	4,610	27.5	29.5	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,000	17,400	19,600	22,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,640	32,920	21,860	27,640	32,920	21,860
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.8	78.0	73.2	75.8	78.0	73.2
Employment income (%)	62.5	63.6	61.2	62.5	63.6	61.2
Government transfers (%)	24.1	21.9	26.9	24.1	21.9	26.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.8	7.9	5.5	6.8	7.9	5.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400	...	...	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,680	...	...	39,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,640	...	...	34,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,340	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	755	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,075	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	955	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	795	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,610	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,555	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,395	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,140	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	990	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,865	...	...	26.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,860	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,165	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,230	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	610	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	340	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,425	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	920	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,175	...	...	6.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,180	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,005	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	930	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,995	...	...	10.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,740	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,460	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,155	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	995	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,470	...	...	18.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,670	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	890	...	...	4.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	905	...	...	4.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,790	3,175	3,620	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,400	30,600	32,000	34,400	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	31,200	28,800	29,800	31,200	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...	82,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,550	...	...	60,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,780	3,290	3,490	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,680	41,760	35,800	38,680	41,760	35,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,840	35,760	32,040	33,840	35,760	32,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	40,530	19,860	20,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,485	3,350	3,135	16.0	16.9	15.2
0 to 5 years	1,820	930	885	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	23,630	11,595	12,035	58.3	58.4	58.2
65 years and over	10,420	4,915	5,505	25.7	24.7	26.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,525	2,965	3,555	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,145	615	530	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	380	200	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,775	1,295	1,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,605	1,060	1,545	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.1	15.0	17.2	16.1	15.0	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.6	18.3	16.9	17.6	18.3	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	21.0	21.4	20.4	21.0	21.4	20.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.2	12.3	11.7	11.2	12.3
65 years and over (%)	25.0	21.6	28.1	25.0	21.6	28.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	38,290	18,745	19,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,905	3,050	2,855	15.4	16.3	14.6
0 to 5 years	1,665	855	810	4.3	4.6	4.1
18 to 64 years	22,145	10,850	11,295	57.8	57.9	57.8
65 years and over	10,240	4,845	5,395	26.7	25.8	27.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,135	570	565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	160	85	75	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	860	440	415	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	45	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.4	1.8	2.0	2.4	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	40,535	19,860	20,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,670	12,335	13,335	63.3	62.1	64.5
In bottom decile	5,370	2,460	2,905	13.2	12.4	14.1
In second decile	5,820	2,710	3,110	14.4	13.6	15.0
In third decile	5,145	2,490	2,650	12.7	12.5	12.8
In fourth decile	4,850	2,415	2,435	12.0	12.2	11.8
In fifth decile	4,485	2,255	2,230	11.1	11.4	10.8
In top half of the distribution	14,860	7,520	7,340	36.7	37.9	35.5
In sixth decile	4,140	2,090	2,050	10.2	10.5	9.9
In seventh decile	3,690	1,820	1,870	9.1	9.2	9.0
In eighth decile	3,235	1,635	1,600	8.0	8.2	7.7
In ninth decile	2,415	1,240	1,170	6.0	6.2	5.7
In top decile	1,385	730	655	3.4	3.7	3.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	40,530	...	...	40,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	...	...	0.465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	40,880	20,025	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	27,895	13,935	13,960	68.2	69.6	66.9
French only	1,395	680	720	3.4	3.4	3.5
English and French	11,540	5,385	6,155	28.2	26.9	29.5
Neither English nor French	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	40,880	20,025	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,570	15,420	16,150	77.2	77.0	77.4
French	9,100	4,495	4,605	22.3	22.4	22.1
English and French	175	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	40,880	20,025	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,920	19,555	20,365	97.7	97.7	97.7
Official languages	38,775	18,995	19,785	94.9	94.9	94.9
English	29,710	14,525	15,190	72.7	72.5	72.8
French	9,065	4,470	4,595	22.2	22.3	22.0
Non-official languages	1,140	560	585	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	435	200	240	1.1	1.0	1.2
Algonquian languages	430	195	235	1.1	1.0	1.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	425	190	235	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mi'kmaq	420	190	235	1.0	0.9	1.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	705	365	340	1.7	1.8	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	390	200	190	1.0	1.0	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	105	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	960	470	485	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and French	660	310	350	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	265	140	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	40,880	20,025	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	30,630	15,020	15,610	74.9	75.0	74.9
French	6,845	3,410	3,440	16.7	17.0	16.5
Non-official language	270	125	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	2,015	910	1,100	4.9	4.5	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,040	520	525	2.5	2.6	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	40,880	20,025	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,230	19,710	20,515	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	39,720	19,475	20,250	97.2	97.3	97.1
English	32,210	15,745	16,465	78.8	78.6	78.9
French	7,510	3,725	3,785	18.4	18.6	18.1
Non-official languages	510	240	265	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	165	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	160	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mi'kmaq	160	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	340	170	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	650	315	335	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	430	200	230	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	205	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	40,880	20,025	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,375	18,850	19,520	93.9	94.1	93.6
English	870	415	455	2.1	2.1	2.2
French	950	410	535	2.3	2.0	2.6
Non-official language	615	310	305	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	400	190	210	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-Indigenous	210	120	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	40,505	19,870	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	40,475	19,855	20,620	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	39,100	19,205	19,890	96.5	96.7	96.4
French	12,845	6,060	6,790	31.7	30.5	32.9
Non-official languages	1,990	925	1,060	4.9	4.7	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	980	475	500	2.4	2.4	2.4
Algonquian languages	935	455	480	2.3	2.3	2.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	930	445	480	2.3	2.2	2.3
Mi'kmaq	930	445	480	2.3	2.2	2.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,025	455	565	2.5	2.3	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	575	240	335	1.4	1.2	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	60	120	0.4	0.3	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
German	105	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	120	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,505	19,875	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,860	1,880	1,980	9.5	9.5	9.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,755	1,825	1,930	9.3	9.2	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,910	1,415	1,500	7.2	7.1	7.3
Métis	760	380	380	1.9	1.9	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	85	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	36,640	17,990	18,655	90.5	90.5	90.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,505	19,875	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,615	1,285	1,335	6.5	6.5	6.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,890	18,590	19,300	93.5	93.5	93.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,990	...	...	76.2	...	...
Renter	3,610	...	...	19.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	760	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	350	...	...	1.9	...	...
Not condominium	18,010	...	...	98.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,470	...	...	8.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,755	...	...	25.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,055	...	...	43.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,025	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,655	...	...	19.9	...	...
5 rooms	3,635	...	...	19.8	...	...
6 rooms	3,770	...	...	20.5	...	...
7 rooms	2,600	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,695	...	...	25.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,270	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	17,920	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	435	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,535	...	...	24.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,825	...	...	31.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,980	...	...	16.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,275	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	770	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	765	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	575	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	635	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,665	...	...	90.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,690	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,375	...	...	56.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,555	...	...	41.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	430	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	340	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,640	...	...	8.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,220	...	...	12.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,155	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,015	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,075	...	...	22.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,175	...	...	11.8	...	...
85 years and over	740	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,580	...	...	89.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,800	...	...	10.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,630	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,665	...	...	20.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,595	...	...	8.7	...	...
Not suitable only	365	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,445	...	...	7.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,695	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	740	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not in core need	16,465	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.9	...	...	45.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	592	...	...	592	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	764	...	...	764	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	165,400	...	...	165,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	...	...	725	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	764	...	...	764	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	765	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	126	...	...	126	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	40,505	19,870	20,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,260	1,085	1,175	5.6	5.5	5.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,240	1,070	1,165	5.5	5.4	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,055	980	1,075	5.1	4.9	5.2
Métis single ancestry	155	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,005	960	1,045	5.0	4.8	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,975	950	1,025	4.9	4.8	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,540	745	795	3.8	3.7	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	400	190	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	36,235	17,825	18,410	89.5	89.7	89.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	40,505	19,875	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	39,970	19,625	20,345	98.7	98.7	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,420	3,275	3,150	15.8	16.5	15.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,545	16,350	17,195	82.8	82.3	83.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	540	250	290	1.3	1.3	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	40,505	19,875	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,340	19,335	20,000	97.1	97.3	96.9
Immigrants⁸¹	1,040	480	560	2.6	2.4	2.7
Before 1980	345	150	195	0.9	0.8	0.9
1980 to 1990	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	175	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	350	175	175	0.9	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2015	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
2016 to 2021	305	160	150	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,040	480	560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	150	80	65	14.4	16.7	11.6
5 to 14 years	240	110	130	23.1	22.9	23.2
15 to 24 years	165	75	100	15.9	15.6	17.9
25 to 44 years	380	180	205	36.5	37.5	36.6
45 years and over	105	45	60	10.1	9.4	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,040	480	560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	225	95	130	21.6	19.8	23.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	0	1.4	2.1	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	1.4	2.1	1.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	145	50	85	13.9	10.4	15.2
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	20	3.8	3.1	3.6
Europe	365	165	200	35.1	34.4	35.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	2.4	2.1	2.7
Germany	65	25	40	6.3	5.2	7.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	30	10	20	2.9	2.1	3.6
Poland	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.8
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	75	85	15.4	15.6	15.2
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	2.9	4.2	1.8
Africa	90	50	40	8.7	10.4	7.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	1.9	2.1	1.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	2.9	4.2	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	15	3.4	3.1	2.7
Asia	350	170	185	33.7	35.4	33.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	15	3.4	5.2	2.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	1.9	2.1	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	175	75	95	16.8	15.6	17.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	15	20	3.8	3.1	3.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	1.9	2.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	30	20	15	2.9	4.2	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	305	155	145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	25	25	16.4	16.1	17.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	4.9	6.5	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	4.9	6.5	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	6.6	6.5	6.9
Europe	10	0	10	3.3	0.0	6.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	3.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	20	30	16.4	12.9	20.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	6.6	6.5	6.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	6.6	6.5	6.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	200	110	90	65.6	71.0	62.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	135	65	70	44.3	41.9	48.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	25	10	9.8	16.1	6.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	40,505	19,875	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,380	635	750	3.4	3.2	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,455	690	770	3.6	3.5	3.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,670	18,550	19,115	93.0	93.3	92.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	700	335	365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	375	180	195	53.6	53.7	53.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	150	80	70	21.4	23.9	19.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220	100	125	31.4	29.9	34.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	275	120	155	39.3	35.8	42.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	50	30	20	7.1	9.0	5.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	700	335	365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	160	60	95	22.9	17.9	26.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	15	15	4.3	4.5	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	20	25	7.1	6.0	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	450	220	230	64.3	65.7	63.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	40,505	19,870	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	820	400	415	2.0	2.0	2.0
South Asian	175	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Black	175	90	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Filipino	235	105	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arab	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	20	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,690	19,475	20,215	98.0	98.0	98.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	40,510	19,875	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,680	3,755	3,920	19.0	18.9	19.0
English	6,150	3,080	3,070	15.2	15.5	14.9
Irish	11,945	5,575	6,375	29.5	28.1	30.9
Scottish	10,260	4,925	5,330	25.3	24.8	25.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,380	3,495	3,885	18.2	17.6	18.8
German	1,095	575	520	2.7	2.9	2.5
Chinese	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italian	270	145	130	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	130	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dutch	370	185	185	0.9	0.9	0.9
Polish	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Québécois	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	475	275	200	1.2	1.4	1.0
Filipino	235	110	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
French Canadian	640	310	320	1.6	1.6	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,885	960	925	4.7	4.8	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	980	485	490	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis	610	295	310	1.5	1.5	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	295	120	175	0.7	0.6	0.8
Russian	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Norwegian	215	110	115	0.5	0.6	0.6
Welsh	280	135	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	270	140	130	0.7	0.7	0.6
American	150	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	145	45	100	0.4	0.2	0.5
Swedish	160	60	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	5,660	2,715	2,950	14.0	13.7	14.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	190	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	180	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	590	290	300	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swiss	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,950	920	1,025	4.8	4.6	5.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	1,070	535	535	2.6	2.7	2.6
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	40,505	19,870	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	32,465	15,625	16,840	80.2	78.6	81.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,235	590	645	3.0	3.0	3.1
Anabaptist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,900	985	910	4.7	5.0	4.4
Baptist	1,465	740	730	3.6	3.7	3.5
Catholic	22,335	10,765	11,570	55.1	54.2	56.1
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,045	510	535	2.6	2.6	2.6
Presbyterian	600	295	305	1.5	1.5	1.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,085	1,420	1,670	7.6	7.1	8.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	610	250	355	1.5	1.3	1.7
Hindu	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	100	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	110	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	35	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	7,505	4,010	3,490	18.5	20.2	16.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	40,195	19,700	20,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,125	18,235	18,890	92.4	92.6	92.2
Movers	3,065	1,465	1,605	7.6	7.4	7.8
Non-migrants	1,715	810	905	4.3	4.1	4.4
Migrants	1,350	650	700	3.4	3.3	3.4
Internal migrants	1,335	645	690	3.3	3.3	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	695	315	375	1.7	1.6	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	635	320	315	1.6	1.6	1.5
External migrants	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	39,055	19,145	19,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	28,645	14,180	14,460	73.3	74.1	72.6
Movers	10,415	4,965	5,450	26.7	25.9	27.4
Non-migrants	4,085	1,885	2,200	10.5	9.8	11.0
Migrants	6,335	3,080	3,255	16.2	16.1	16.3
Internal migrants	5,980	2,915	3,065	15.3	15.2	15.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,990	1,870	2,115	10.2	9.8	10.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,990	1,040	955	5.1	5.4	4.8
External migrants	355	170	185	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,160	17,135	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,955	5,060	3,895	25.5	29.5	21.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,200	12,075	14,125	74.5	70.5	78.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,720	10,185	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,360	2,135	1,215	16.2	21.0	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,365	8,045	9,320	83.8	79.0	88.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,155	17,135	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,175	4,460	3,720	23.3	26.0	20.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,825	5,160	5,665	30.8	30.1	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,155	7,515	8,640	46.0	43.9	47.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,900	5,970	5,930	33.9	34.8	32.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,980	2,255	725	8.5	13.2	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	965	455	4.0	5.6	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,560	1,290	270	4.4	7.5	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,385	3,495	4,890	23.9	20.4	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	535	220	310	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,255	1,545	2,710	12.1	9.0	15.0
Bachelor's degree	3,025	1,035	1,990	8.6	6.0	11.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325	115	210	0.9	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	790	330	460	2.2	1.9	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,725	10,185	10,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,060	1,915	1,145	14.8	18.8	10.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,440	3,350	3,085	31.1	32.9	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,225	4,915	6,310	54.2	48.3	59.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,125	3,915	4,210	39.2	38.4	40.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,785	1,290	490	8.6	12.7	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	935	605	335	4.5	5.9	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	845	690	155	4.1	6.8	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,035	2,485	3,550	29.1	24.4	33.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	135	170	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,100	1,005	2,100	15.0	9.9	19.9
Bachelor's degree	2,235	680	1,555	10.8	6.7	14.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	245	80	165	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	535	190	350	2.6	1.9	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,160	17,135	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,005	9,615	9,380	54.1	56.1	52.0
Education	1,570	470	1,100	4.5	2.7	6.1
13. Education	1,570	470	1,100	4.5	2.7	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	135	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	205	85	120	0.6	0.5	0.7
Humanities	480	195	285	1.4	1.1	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	50	105	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	80	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,260	310	950	3.6	1.8	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	465	20	450	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	105	25	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	235	55	180	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	290	160	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Business, management and public administration	3,115	665	2,455	8.9	3.9	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	75	465	1.6	0.4	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,565	585	1,985	7.3	3.4	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	330	160	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290	160	120	0.8	0.9	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	250	135	105	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,810	3,635	175	10.8	21.2	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	170	150	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	715	650	65	2.0	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,130	40	3.3	6.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,010	1,000	10	2.9	5.8	0.1
48. Precision production	720	680	35	2.0	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	400	305	100	1.1	1.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	250	40	0.8	1.5	0.2
Health and related fields	2,680	380	2,300	7.6	2.2	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,545	300	2,240	7.2	1.8	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,930	1,105	825	5.5	6.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	815	185	625	2.3	1.1	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	640	460	180	1.8	2.7	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	450	10	1.3	2.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,720	10,185	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,500	5,270	4,230	45.8	51.7	40.1
Education	940	235	710	4.5	2.3	6.7
13. Education	940	235	710	4.5	2.3	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225	110	120	1.1	1.1	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	175	80	95	0.8	0.8	0.9
Humanities	305	110	190	1.5	1.1	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	975	215	760	4.7	2.1	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	35	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	350	20	330	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	95	25	70	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	200	40	155	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	190	90	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Business, management and public administration	2,310	465	1,855	11.1	4.6	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425	50	370	2.1	0.5	3.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,880	405	1,475	9.1	4.0	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	230	135	95	1.1	1.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	205	120	80	1.0	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,330	2,170	160	11.2	21.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	120	100	20	0.6	1.0	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440	375	65	2.1	3.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	715	680	35	3.5	6.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	585	580	10	2.8	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	445	425	20	2.1	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	225	80	1.5	2.2	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	190	25	1.1	1.9	0.2
Health and related fields	1,955	290	1,665	9.4	2.8	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,865	245	1,625	9.0	2.4	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455	865	595	7.0	8.5	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	535	105	430	2.6	1.0	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	530	375	155	2.6	3.7	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	380	0	1.9	3.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,720	10,185	10,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,500	5,270	4,230	45.8	51.7	40.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,225	4,915	6,310	54.2	48.3	59.9
Location of study inside Canada	10,850	4,755	6,090	52.4	46.7	57.8
Same as province or territory of residence	8,820	3,820	4,995	42.6	37.5	47.4
Different than province or territory of residence	2,025	935	1,095	9.8	9.2	10.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	375	160	220	1.8	1.6	2.1
Americas	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	95	45	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	55	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	155	50	105	0.7	0.5	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	105	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	35,155	17,135	18,020	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,315	9,855	9,465	...	...	...
Employed	16,300	7,860	8,435	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,020	1,995	1,025	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,840	7,280	8,555	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.9	57.5	52.5	54.9	57.5	52.5
Employment rate	46.4	45.9	46.8	46.4	45.9	46.8
Unemployment rate	15.6	20.2	10.8	15.6	20.2	10.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	35,160	17,135	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,400	7,145	8,245	43.8	41.7	45.7
Worked	19,760	9,985	9,770	56.2	58.3	54.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,195	4,455	4,735	26.2	26.0	26.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,565	5,530	5,035	30.0	32.3	27.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.8	36.7	39.0	37.8	36.7	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,320	9,850	9,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565	360	205	2.9	3.7	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,750	9,495	9,260	97.0	96.4	97.8
Employee	17,150	8,480	8,670	88.8	86.1	91.6
Permanent position	11,795	5,515	6,280	61.1	56.0	66.3
Temporary position	5,360	2,965	2,390	27.7	30.1	25.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	875	365	510	4.5	3.7	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,480	2,600	1,885	23.2	26.4	19.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,600	1,010	585	8.3	10.3	6.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,320	9,850	9,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565	360	205	2.9	3.7	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,750	9,495	9,260	97.0	96.4	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	135	75	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,690	630	2,060	13.9	6.4	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	580	510	75	3.0	5.2	0.8
3 Health occupations	1,795	250	1,550	9.3	2.5	16.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,760	820	1,940	14.3	8.3	20.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	230	90	145	1.2	0.9	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	4,620	1,905	2,710	23.9	19.3	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,695	3,420	275	19.1	34.7	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,085	930	155	5.6	9.4	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,160	865	295	6.0	8.8	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,320	9,850	9,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565	360	205	2.9	3.7	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	18,750	9,495	9,260	97.0	96.4	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,080	895	185	5.6	9.1	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	465	435	25	2.4	4.4	0.3
22 Utilities	95	90	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
23 Construction	1,560	1,410	155	8.1	14.3	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	1,520	1,145	375	7.9	11.6	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	255	205	45	1.3	2.1	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	2,185	990	1,190	11.3	10.1	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	710	545	165	3.7	5.5	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	170	115	60	0.9	1.2	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	215	70	150	1.1	0.7	1.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	490	250	245	2.5	2.5	2.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	580	390	185	3.0	4.0	2.0
61 Educational services	1,520	390	1,130	7.9	4.0	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	3,055	450	2,600	15.8	4.6	27.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290	185	105	1.5	1.9	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,100	370	725	5.7	3.8	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	760	430	335	3.9	4.4	3.5
91 Public administration	2,575	1,065	1,515	13.3	10.8	16.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,395	10,845	10,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,980	8,280	7,700	74.7	76.3	73.0
French	2,285	1,195	1,090	10.7	11.0	10.3
Non-official language	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,900	1,255	1,645	13.6	11.6	15.6
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,395	10,845	10,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,710	10,550	10,165	96.8	97.3	96.4
Official languages	20,665	10,515	10,150	96.6	97.0	96.2
English	17,595	8,985	8,605	82.2	82.8	81.6
French	3,075	1,530	1,545	14.4	14.1	14.6
Non-official languages	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	685	295	385	3.2	2.7	3.6
English and French	635	270	365	3.0	2.5	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,395	10,845	10,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,960	9,785	9,180	88.6	90.2	87.0
English	810	350	465	3.8	3.2	4.4
French	1,480	655	830	6.9	6.0	7.9
Non-official language	115	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	115	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	16,305	7,860	8,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,005	780	1,225	12.3	9.9	14.5
Worked outside Canada	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,570	1,890	680	15.8	24.0	8.1
Usual place of work	11,705	5,175	6,525	71.8	65.8	77.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,705	5,175	6,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,060	2,495	3,560	51.8	48.2	54.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,300	1,805	2,495	36.7	34.9	38.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	720	420	9.8	13.9	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	210	150	60	1.8	2.9	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,270	7,065	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,410	6,640	6,770	94.0	94.0	93.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,220	6,130	6,095	85.6	86.8	84.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,190	510	675	8.3	7.2	9.4
Public transit	100	60	35	0.7	0.8	0.5
Walked	470	205	270	3.3	2.9	3.7
Bicycle	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Other method	260	135	115	1.8	1.9	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,270	7,065	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,630	2,920	3,715	46.5	41.3	51.5
15 to 29 minutes	4,285	2,100	2,185	30.0	29.7	30.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,750	955	795	12.3	13.5	11.0
45 to 59 minutes	900	520	380	6.3	7.4	5.3
60 minutes and over	710	570	140	5.0	8.1	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,270	7,065	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,105	840	265	7.7	11.9	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,680	1,525	1,155	18.8	21.6	16.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,335	1,990	2,345	30.4	28.2	32.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,995	1,085	1,905	21.0	15.4	26.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,120	360	760	7.8	5.1	10.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,040	1,265	780	14.3	17.9	10.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,650	3,435	3,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,975	990	975	29.7	28.8	30.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,680	2,440	2,235	70.4	71.0	69.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,075	2,625	2,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,505	750	755	29.7	28.6	30.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,105	545	560	21.8	20.8	22.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	205	195	7.8	7.8	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,570	1,875	1,695	70.3	71.4	69.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table