Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Zone 3 - EasternMore information: Nova Scotia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	159,521	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	82,782	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	71,142	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	159,520	77,045	82,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,325	10,890	10,435	13.4	14.1	12.7
0 to 4 years	6,135	3,115	3,025	3.8	4.0	3.7
5 to 9 years	7,235	3,645	3,590	4.5	4.7	4.4
10 to 14 years	7,950	4,130	3,820	5.0	5.4	4.6
15 to 64 years	95,505	46,365	49,140	59.9	60.2	59.6
15 to 19 years	8,185	4,230	3,960	5.1	5.5	4.8
20 to 24 years	8,530	4,425	4,095	5.3	5.7	5.0
25 to 29 years	8,300	4,230	4,070	5.2	5.5	4.9
30 to 34 years	7,775	3,825	3,955	4.9	5.0	4.8
35 to 39 years	7,835	3,685	4,145	4.9	4.8	5.0
40 to 44 years	8,160	3,810	4,345	5.1	4.9	5.3
45 to 49 years	9,080	4,290	4,800	5.7	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	10,325	4,955	5,370	6.5	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	13,060	6,060	7,000	8.2	7.9	8.5
60 to 64 years	14,255	6,850	7,405	8.9	8.9	9.0
65 years and over	42,700	19,795	22,900	26.8	25.7	27.8
65 to 69 years	13,630	6,675	6,955	8.5	8.7	8.4
70 to 74 years	11,675	5,705	5,970	7.3	7.4	7.2
75 to 79 years	7,710	3,555	4,155	4.8	4.6	5.0
80 to 84 years	5,060	2,230	2,830	3.2	2.9	3.4
85 years and over	4,615	1,625	2,990	2.9	2.1	3.6
85 to 89 years	2,930	1,120	1,810	1.8	1.5	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,245	395	855	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	385	100	280	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4	14.1	12.7	13.4	14.1	12.7
15 to 64 years	59.9	60.2	59.6	59.9	60.2	59.6
65 years and over	26.8	25.7	27.8	26.8	25.7	27.8
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.6	2.9	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	46.6	45.6	47.6	46.6	45.6	47.6
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	51.6	50.4	49.2	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	53,750	...	...	75.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,280	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	915	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,615	...	...	3.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,545	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	240	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,680	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	23,225	...	...	32.6	...	...
2 persons	26,965	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	10,155	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	6,870	...	...	9.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,930	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	156,820	75,965	80,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	138,200	66,160	72,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	72,615	36,260	36,355	52.5	54.8	50.5
Married	59,755	29,845	29,910	43.2	45.1	41.5
Living common-law	12,860	6,415	6,445	9.3	9.7	8.9
Living common law - Never married	9,055	4,510	4,555	6.6	6.8	6.3
Living common law - Separated	695	345	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,680	1,395	1,280	1.9	2.1	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	425	165	260	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	65,590	29,900	35,685	47.5	45.2	49.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	40,930	21,640	19,290	29.6	32.7	26.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,710	2,035	2,675	3.4	3.1	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,575	3,585	4,985	6.2	5.4	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	11,375	2,645	8,730	8.2	4.0	12.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	46,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	27,860	...	...	60.4	...	...
3 persons	9,525	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	5,975	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,780	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	46,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,525	...	...	77.0	...	...
Married couples	29,095	...	...	63.1	...	...
With children⁶	11,560	...	...	25.1	...	...
Without children	17,535	...	...	38.0	...	...
Common-law couples	6,430	...	...	13.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,630	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	3,795	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,615	...	...	23.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,410	...	...	18.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,200	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	156,820	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	123,165	60,160	63,000	78.5	79.2	77.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,050	35,485	35,565	45.3	46.7	44.0
Parents in one-parent families	10,610	2,205	8,405	6.8	2.9	10.4
Children⁶	41,500	22,470	19,030	26.5	29.6	23.5
In a two-parent family	24,865	13,335	11,530	15.9	17.6	14.3
In a one-parent family	16,635	9,135	7,500	10.6	12.0	9.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,655	15,805	17,850	21.5	20.8	22.1
Living alone	23,225	10,480	12,740	14.8	13.8	15.8
Living with other relatives⁷	4,195	1,855	2,340	2.7	2.4	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	6,240	3,475	2,765	4.0	4.6	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,110	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	32,820	...	...	46.1	...	...
With children⁶	13,050	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	19,770	...	...	27.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,290	...	...	11.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,800	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,895	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,920	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	23,220	...	...	32.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	135,510	65,080	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,900	62,775	68,130	96.6	96.5	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,200	32,400	34,800	37,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,940	62,805	68,140	96.6	96.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,200	29,800	31,400	33,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,255	52,770	54,490	79.1	81.1	77.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	28,400	23,600	25,800	28,400	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,390	40,845	40,545	60.1	62.8	57.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	29,000	26,000	27,400	29,000	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,440	53,570	60,870	84.5	82.3	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,700	15,400	14,000	14,700	15,400	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,860	16,040	12,825	21.3	24.6	18.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	10,200	6,750	8,500	10,200	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,610	17,660	17,945	26.3	27.1	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	135,490	65,060	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,980	62,815	68,165	96.7	96.5	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	46,920	38,360	42,440	46,920	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,015	62,840	68,170	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,040	38,880	33,440	36,040	38,880	33,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,600	52,980	54,620	79.4	81.4	77.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	40,680	31,840	36,200	40,680	31,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,400	40,915	40,480	60.1	62.9	57.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,560	41,280	33,840	37,560	41,280	33,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	114,470	53,520	60,950	84.5	82.3	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,560	14,800	14,360	14,560	14,800	14,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,045	16,205	12,845	21.4	24.9	18.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,930	10,910	8,700	9,930	10,910	8,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,440	17,380	18,060	26.2	26.7	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,580	9,150	8,870	8,580	9,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	135,490	65,060	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,920	15,485	16,435	23.6	23.8	23.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	59,200	50,400	54,400	59,200	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,700	67,300	56,450	61,700	67,300	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,895	19,415	18,480	28.0	29.8	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	18,200	14,700	16,400	18,200	14,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,100	28,240	19,740	24,100	28,240	19,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	73.2	66.6	70.0	73.2	66.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.0	57.3	52.4	55.0	57.3	52.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.0	26.9	33.5	30.0	26.9	33.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.2	6.0	4.3	5.2	6.0	4.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.7	5.8	7.6	6.7	5.8	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.1	6.3	5.7	5.1	6.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	135,510	65,085	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,610	2,310	2,305	3.4	3.5	3.3
With total income	130,895	62,770	68,125	96.6	96.5	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,735	4,780	5,955	8.2	7.6	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	18,135	7,325	10,810	13.9	11.7	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	26,975	12,260	14,715	20.6	19.5	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	20,020	9,510	10,515	15.3	15.2	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	16,500	7,610	8,890	12.6	12.1	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	11,660	5,705	5,955	8.9	9.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,725	4,260	3,460	5.9	6.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,420	3,185	2,230	4.1	5.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,080	2,190	1,890	3.1	3.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,090	1,560	1,530	2.4	2.5	2.2
$100,000 and over	6,560	4,385	2,175	5.0	7.0	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	4,835	3,055	1,785	3.7	4.9	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,720	1,330	395	1.3	2.1	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	135,510	65,085	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,565	2,280	2,290	3.4	3.5	3.3
With after-tax income	130,945	62,805	68,140	96.6	96.5	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,235	4,945	6,295	8.6	7.9	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	19,150	7,840	11,315	14.6	12.5	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	31,235	14,420	16,820	23.9	23.0	24.7
$30,000 to $39,999	23,940	11,505	12,430	18.3	18.3	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	17,490	8,410	9,085	13.4	13.4	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,790	5,900	4,890	8.2	9.4	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,735	3,615	3,115	5.1	5.8	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,390	2,210	2,185	3.4	3.5	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,235	1,315	920	1.7	2.1	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	845	430	1.0	1.4	0.6
$100,000 and over	2,460	1,800	655	1.9	2.9	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,365	965	400	1.0	1.5	0.6
$125,000 and over	1,095	830	265	0.8	1.3	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	135,510	65,085	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	54,115	24,235	29,885	39.9	37.2	42.4
With employment income	81,395	40,850	40,545	60.1	62.8	57.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,015	5,775	6,240	14.8	14.1	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	7,730	3,575	4,155	9.5	8.8	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	13,560	6,785	6,775	16.7	16.6	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,870	4,785	5,085	12.1	11.7	12.6
$30,000 to $39,999	8,260	3,920	4,345	10.2	9.6	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,360	3,245	4,125	9.0	7.9	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,335	2,800	2,535	6.6	6.9	6.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	2,430	1,860	5.3	5.9	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,245	1,875	1,375	4.0	4.6	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	1,385	1,445	3.5	3.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	1,175	1,265	3.0	2.9	3.1
$100,000 and over	4,450	3,105	1,345	5.5	7.6	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,380	1,500	885	2.9	3.7	2.2
$125,000 and over	2,070	1,610	460	2.5	3.9	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	135,510	65,080	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,410	61,405	67,005	94.8	94.4	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,200	32,800	36,800	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,480	61,410	67,070	94.8	94.4	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	27,200	29,800	32,800	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	107,435	52,760	54,680	79.3	81.1	77.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	31,000	24,400	27,400	31,000	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,740	41,905	41,840	61.8	64.4	59.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	31,800	26,200	28,800	31,800	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	105,725	48,675	57,050	78.0	74.8	81.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,600	12,600	10,900	11,600	12,600	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	28,340	15,790	12,550	20.9	24.3	17.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	10,800	7,800	9,300	10,800	7,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	135,490	65,060	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,685	61,545	67,140	95.0	94.6	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,720	35,760	41,000	46,720	35,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,725	61,550	67,175	95.0	94.6	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,560	38,400	31,080	34,560	38,400	31,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	107,720	52,895	54,825	79.5	81.3	77.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,400	43,120	31,880	37,400	43,120	31,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,865	41,930	41,940	61.9	64.4	59.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,640	33,160	38,400	43,640	33,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,655	48,560	57,090	78.0	74.6	81.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,820	12,240	11,460	11,820	12,240	11,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,345	15,685	12,655	20.9	24.1	18.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,180	11,050	9,110	10,180	11,050	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	135,490	65,060	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,745	15,355	16,385	23.4	23.6	23.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	56,800	45,600	50,800	56,800	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,200	64,500	52,250	58,200	64,500	52,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,030	18,540	17,490	26.6	28.5	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	23,400	17,800	20,200	23,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	35,920	23,320	29,800	35,920	23,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.4	79.4	72.8	76.4	79.4	72.8
Employment income (%)	61.0	63.6	57.9	61.0	63.6	57.9
Government transfers (%)	23.7	20.7	27.3	23.7	20.7	27.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.5	6.0	4.8	5.5	6.0	4.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	71,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	23,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	31,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...	29,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	47,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	71,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,200	...	...	78,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,880	...	...	39,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,240	...	...	34,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	47,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,760	...	...	2.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,475	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,195	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,525	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,440	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,840	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,645	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,335	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,270	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,515	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,030	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,385	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,750	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,845	...	...	26.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,000	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,520	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,620	...	...	6.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,710	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	755	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	455	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,790	...	...	2.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,570	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,550	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,140	...	...	5.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,090	...	...	5.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,330	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,150	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,815	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,135	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,560	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,495	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,575	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,645	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,095	...	...	18.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,275	...	...	8.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,400	...	...	4.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,420	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	45,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	29,460	13,950	15,510	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	31,000	29,200	30,000	31,000	29,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	28,800	27,800	28,200	28,800	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	45,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...	131,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,700	...	...	66,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	29,380	13,805	15,575	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,680	38,880	36,560	37,680	38,880	36,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,560	32,960	32,240	32,560	32,960	32,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	156,820	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,180	13,380	12,795	16.7	17.6	15.8
0 to 5 years	7,550	3,850	3,695	4.8	5.1	4.6
18 to 64 years	89,915	43,435	46,485	57.3	57.2	57.5
65 years and over	40,720	19,145	21,575	26.0	25.2	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	27,600	12,505	15,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,790	3,020	2,775	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,920	1,015	910	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	12,940	5,960	6,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	8,870	3,530	5,340	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.6	16.5	18.7	17.6	16.5	18.7
0 to 17 years (%)	22.1	22.5	21.7	22.1	22.5	21.7
0 to 5 years (%)	25.5	26.4	24.5	25.5	26.4	24.5
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.7	15.0	14.4	13.7	15.0
65 years and over (%)	21.8	18.4	24.7	21.8	18.4	24.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	149,835	72,590	77,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,675	12,100	11,575	15.8	16.7	15.0
0 to 5 years	6,775	3,445	3,325	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	85,895	41,545	44,350	57.3	57.2	57.4
65 years and over	40,265	18,945	21,320	26.9	26.1	27.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,605	3,410	3,200	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	935	495	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	150	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,185	2,715	2,470	...	...	...
65 years and over	490	200	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.7	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.1	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.4	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.5	5.6	6.0	6.5	5.6
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	156,815	75,960	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	101,515	48,110	53,400	64.7	63.3	66.0
In bottom decile	23,770	11,000	12,770	15.2	14.5	15.8
In second decile	23,105	10,650	12,450	14.7	14.0	15.4
In third decile	20,190	9,690	10,500	12.9	12.8	13.0
In fourth decile	18,260	8,780	9,485	11.6	11.6	11.7
In fifth decile	16,190	7,990	8,205	10.3	10.5	10.1
In top half of the distribution	55,305	27,850	27,455	35.3	36.7	34.0
In sixth decile	15,120	7,495	7,625	9.6	9.9	9.4
In seventh decile	13,780	6,875	6,905	8.8	9.1	8.5
In eighth decile	11,560	5,865	5,690	7.4	7.7	7.0
In ninth decile	9,175	4,675	4,495	5.9	6.2	5.6
In top decile	5,670	2,935	2,735	3.6	3.9	3.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	156,820	...	...	156,820	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.491	...	...	0.491	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	157,325	76,140	81,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	144,565	70,530	74,035	91.9	92.6	91.2
French only	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,465	5,475	6,985	7.9	7.2	8.6
Neither English nor French	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	157,325	76,140	81,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	152,460	73,880	78,580	96.9	97.0	96.8
French	4,470	2,070	2,395	2.8	2.7	3.0
English and French	220	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	157,325	76,140	81,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	154,900	74,985	79,915	98.5	98.5	98.4
Official languages	147,600	71,280	76,320	93.8	93.6	94.0
English	142,860	69,085	73,770	90.8	90.7	90.9
French	4,740	2,195	2,545	3.0	2.9	3.1
Non-official languages	7,305	3,705	3,600	4.6	4.9	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,835	1,345	1,490	1.8	1.8	1.8
Algonquian languages	2,825	1,340	1,485	1.8	1.8	1.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,825	1,340	1,485	1.8	1.8	1.8
Mi'kmaq	2,820	1,340	1,480	1.8	1.8	1.8
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,460	2,360	2,100	2.8	3.1	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	385	170	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	140	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	525	340	185	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	450	300	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,465	1,315	1,150	1.6	1.7	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	690	365	325	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	230	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	410	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	115	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	200	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,215	700	515	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	680	490	0.7	0.9	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	190	125	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	750	410	330	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	260	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	510	255	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	440	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,425	1,160	1,270	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	905	400	510	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,430	710	720	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	157,325	76,140	81,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	144,595	69,975	74,620	91.9	91.9	91.9
French	1,790	830	960	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official language	2,175	1,120	1,060	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	1,065	515	550	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-Indigenous	1,115	600	510	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	2,120	940	1,180	1.3	1.2	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	6,370	3,165	3,210	4.0	4.2	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	157,325	76,140	81,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	155,750	75,375	80,385	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	151,400	73,115	78,285	96.2	96.0	96.4
English	149,170	72,085	77,080	94.8	94.7	94.9
French	2,230	1,025	1,205	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official languages	4,350	2,255	2,095	2.8	3.0	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,950	950	1,000	1.2	1.2	1.2
Algonquian languages	1,945	950	995	1.2	1.2	1.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,945	950	995	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mi'kmaq	1,945	950	995	1.2	1.2	1.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,405	1,305	1,100	1.5	1.7	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	325	215	115	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	290	195	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,170	620	550	0.7	0.8	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	790	445	345	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	765	435	330	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	550	310	235	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	195	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	370	195	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	180	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	770	805	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	320	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,220	610	610	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	157,325	76,140	81,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	149,920	72,570	77,350	95.3	95.3	95.3
English	2,310	1,175	1,135	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	1,415	620	795	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	3,150	1,490	1,660	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	1,545	705	840	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-Indigenous	1,605	790	815	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	225	125	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	156,815	75,960	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	156,575	75,840	80,730	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	156,505	75,810	80,690	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	12,425	5,455	6,970	7.9	7.2	8.6
Non-official languages	11,775	5,870	5,910	7.5	7.7	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,780	2,245	2,545	3.0	3.0	3.1
Algonquian languages	4,760	2,230	2,530	3.0	2.9	3.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,735	2,215	2,520	3.0	2.9	3.1
Mi'kmaq	4,730	2,215	2,515	3.0	2.9	3.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,035	3,650	3,390	4.5	4.8	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	260	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	255	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	385	245	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	585	280	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	545	260	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	720	450	275	0.5	0.6	0.3
Kannada	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	605	390	215	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	95	75	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,220	2,210	2,010	2.7	2.9	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	110	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	105	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	480	215	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	380	170	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages	1,085	555	530	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	795	400	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	770	390	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	230	130	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	195	115	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,725	990	735	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,675	965	715	1.1	1.3	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,175	685	490	0.7	0.9	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	950	545	405	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	750	390	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	515	270	245	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	660	335	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	650	325	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	600	310	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	156,815	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,090	6,295	6,790	8.3	8.3	8.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,705	6,110	6,600	8.1	8.0	8.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,985	4,275	4,710	5.7	5.6	5.8
Métis	3,515	1,740	1,770	2.2	2.3	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	143,730	69,665	74,060	91.7	91.7	91.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	156,815	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,175	3,955	4,215	5.2	5.2	5.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	148,645	72,010	76,640	94.8	94.8	94.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	51,855	...	...	72.9	...	...
Renter	17,545	...	...	24.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,740	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	975	...	...	1.4	...	...
Not condominium	70,165	...	...	98.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	215	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,785	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,440	...	...	25.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	29,485	...	...	41.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,215	...	...	22.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,640	...	...	20.6	...	...
5 rooms	13,030	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	13,195	...	...	18.5	...	...
7 rooms	10,640	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,635	...	...	27.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	70,640	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	505	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	68,740	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,405	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	22,525	...	...	31.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,330	...	...	30.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,150	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,590	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,700	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,885	...	...	4.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,510	...	...	3.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,455	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	64,355	...	...	90.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,785	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	40,645	...	...	57.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,240	...	...	39.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,260	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	71,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,650	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,725	...	...	9.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,720	...	...	12.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,755	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,855	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	16,060	...	...	22.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,585	...	...	12.1	...	...
85 years and over	2,790	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	68,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,750	...	...	85.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,930	...	...	14.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,050	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	71,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,350	...	...	24.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,485	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,915	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,190	...	...	7.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,270	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	53,800	...	...	75.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	67,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,650	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	62,150	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	51,360	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.2	...	...	44.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	645	...	...	645	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	847	...	...	847	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	199,200	...	...	199,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.5	...	...	31.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	828	...	...	828	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	208	...	...	208	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	271	...	...	271	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	156,820	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,915	3,810	4,110	5.0	5.0	5.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,830	3,780	4,055	5.0	5.0	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,120	3,445	3,675	4.5	4.5	4.5
Métis single ancestry	615	290	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,495	3,150	3,350	4.1	4.1	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,395	3,100	3,300	4.1	4.1	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,850	1,850	2,005	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,400	1,165	1,240	1.5	1.5	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	142,410	69,010	73,400	90.8	90.8	90.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	156,815	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	152,155	73,445	78,710	97.0	96.7	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,755	13,175	12,580	16.4	17.3	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	126,395	60,270	66,130	80.6	79.3	81.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,665	2,520	2,145	3.0	3.3	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	156,815	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	149,230	72,035	77,190	95.2	94.8	95.5
Immigrants⁸¹	4,730	2,295	2,435	3.0	3.0	3.0
Before 1980	1,840	855	985	1.2	1.1	1.2
1980 to 1990	270	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	355	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	755	340	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,515	810	705	1.0	1.1	0.9
2011 to 2015	590	280	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	925	530	395	0.6	0.7	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,860	1,635	1,225	1.8	2.2	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,730	2,295	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	645	285	355	13.6	12.4	14.6
5 to 14 years	855	450	410	18.1	19.6	16.8
15 to 24 years	795	360	435	16.8	15.7	17.9
25 to 44 years	1,915	900	1,015	40.5	39.2	41.7
45 years and over	515	300	215	10.9	13.1	8.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,730	2,295	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,275	590	685	27.0	25.7	28.1
Brazil	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Colombia	35	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Haiti	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Jamaica	35	30	10	0.7	1.3	0.4
Mexico	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	1,020	455	565	21.6	19.8	23.2
Other places of birth in Americas	120	70	45	2.5	3.1	1.8
Europe	1,825	880	940	38.6	38.3	38.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Germany	440	215	225	9.3	9.4	9.2
Greece	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Hungary	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	45	30	15	1.0	1.3	0.6
Netherlands	185	120	65	3.9	5.2	2.7
Poland	45	15	30	1.0	0.7	1.2
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	780	345	435	16.5	15.0	17.9
Other places of birth in Europe	210	95	115	4.4	4.1	4.7
Africa	315	190	125	6.7	8.3	5.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	30	15	0.8	1.3	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Morocco	25	15	15	0.5	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	90	40	50	1.9	1.7	2.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15	0.8	1.1	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	90	60	30	1.9	2.6	1.2
Asia	1,280	620	660	27.1	27.0	27.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	55	1.9	1.7	2.3
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	110	120	4.9	4.8	4.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	1.0	0.9	1.0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	430	210	220	9.1	9.2	9.0
Viet Nam	40	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.6
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
India	185	90	95	3.9	3.9	3.9
Pakistan	50	30	20	1.1	1.3	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	50	55	2.1	2.2	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	925	530	395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	105	65	40	11.4	12.3	10.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	1.1	1.9	0.0
Mexico	15	10	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
United States of America	50	20	25	5.4	3.8	6.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	0	2.2	2.8	0.0
Europe	180	120	65	19.5	22.6	16.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	100	55	40	10.8	10.4	10.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	15	3.2	3.8	3.8
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	35	10	4.3	6.6	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	75	50	25	8.1	9.4	6.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	10	2.7	1.9	2.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	15	3.8	3.8	3.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	555	290	265	60.0	54.7	67.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	35	35	7.0	6.6	8.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	55	30	9.7	10.4	7.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	1.6	1.9	2.5
Lebanon	20	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	10	0	1.1	1.9	0.0
Philippines	225	120	105	24.3	22.6	26.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	35	50	8.6	6.6	12.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	156,820	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,395	4,295	4,100	5.4	5.7	5.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,865	3,850	4,015	5.0	5.1	5.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	140,560	67,820	72,740	89.6	89.3	90.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,885	1,440	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,775	930	840	61.5	64.6	58.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	860	540	320	29.8	37.5	22.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	910	395	520	31.5	27.4	36.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	880	390	495	30.5	27.1	34.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	225	120	110	7.8	8.3	7.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,885	1,440	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	20	25	1.4	1.4	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	685	385	305	23.7	26.7	21.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	130	75	50	4.5	5.2	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	210	105	105	7.3	7.3	7.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	30	1.0	0.0	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,795	855	940	62.2	59.4	65.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	156,820	75,965	80,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,175	3,745	3,430	4.6	4.9	4.2
South Asian	2,430	1,410	1,020	1.5	1.9	1.3
Chinese	880	430	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	2,090	1,020	1,065	1.3	1.3	1.3
Filipino	665	305	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab	385	220	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	149,640	72,220	77,425	95.4	95.1	95.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	156,815	75,965	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	23,190	11,115	12,075	14.8	14.6	14.9
English	29,900	14,175	15,730	19.1	18.7	19.5
Irish	35,690	16,760	18,930	22.8	22.1	23.4
Scottish	60,050	28,815	31,235	38.3	37.9	38.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,465	11,105	12,365	15.0	14.6	15.3
German	6,080	2,880	3,200	3.9	3.8	4.0
Chinese	835	390	445	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italian	4,320	2,165	2,165	2.8	2.8	2.7
Indian (India)	1,575	875	700	1.0	1.2	0.9
Ukrainian	1,735	870	865	1.1	1.1	1.1
Dutch	2,860	1,435	1,425	1.8	1.9	1.8
Polish	2,760	1,470	1,290	1.8	1.9	1.6
Québécois	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,195	1,105	1,085	1.4	1.5	1.3
Filipino	535	245	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
French Canadian	740	330	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	7,465	3,555	3,910	4.8	4.7	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,545	1,220	1,320	1.6	1.6	1.6
Métis	3,195	1,530	1,665	2.0	2.0	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,115	2,100	2,020	2.6	2.8	2.5
Russian	390	190	205	0.2	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	630	255	375	0.4	0.3	0.5
Welsh	2,430	1,095	1,335	1.5	1.4	1.7
Portuguese	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	600	280	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	450	195	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	455	170	285	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hungarian	525	265	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	9,105	4,350	4,760	5.8	5.7	5.9
Pakistani	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	575	305	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	300	170	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	320	215	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Vietnamese	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	435	265	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	200	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	965	525	445	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iranian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	440	195	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	370	130	245	0.2	0.2	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	950	435	515	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	180	125	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	310	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	745	375	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	190	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swiss	160	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	7,090	3,445	3,645	4.5	4.5	4.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	370	155	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	75	55	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	350	200	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	1,755	785	970	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	3,575	1,815	1,755	2.3	2.4	2.2
Ethiopian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	360	170	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	515	215	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	5,075	2,500	2,575	3.2	3.3	3.2
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	330	135	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	156,815	75,960	80,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	205	65	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	119,100	55,995	63,105	75.9	73.7	78.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,400	2,175	2,220	2.8	2.9	2.7
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	8,780	4,190	4,590	5.6	5.5	5.7
Baptist	2,225	1,000	1,230	1.4	1.3	1.5
Catholic	82,940	39,090	43,855	52.9	51.5	54.2
Christian Orthodox	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	440	195	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	590	255	335	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	580	245	330	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	3,745	1,660	2,085	2.4	2.2	2.6
Reformed	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10,400	4,735	5,670	6.6	6.2	7.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,430	2,185	2,240	2.8	2.9	2.8
Hindu	865	505	360	0.6	0.7	0.4
Jewish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	645	360	280	0.4	0.5	0.3
Sikh	685	390	300	0.4	0.5	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	470	220	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	645	250	395	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	34,080	18,115	15,960	21.7	23.8	19.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	155,695	75,375	80,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	141,700	68,455	73,245	91.0	90.8	91.2
Movers	13,990	6,920	7,070	9.0	9.2	8.8
Non-migrants	8,405	4,190	4,220	5.4	5.6	5.3
Migrants	5,585	2,730	2,855	3.6	3.6	3.6
Internal migrants	4,940	2,410	2,530	3.2	3.2	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	2,300	1,045	1,255	1.5	1.4	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,645	1,360	1,280	1.7	1.8	1.6
External migrants	645	320	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	150,680	72,795	77,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	109,950	53,050	56,895	73.0	72.9	73.1
Movers	40,735	19,745	20,990	27.0	27.1	26.9
Non-migrants	20,965	9,875	11,085	13.9	13.6	14.2
Migrants	19,770	9,865	9,900	13.1	13.6	12.7
Internal migrants	16,230	7,955	8,280	10.8	10.9	10.6
Intraprovincial migrants	9,015	4,305	4,710	6.0	5.9	6.0
Interprovincial migrants	7,210	3,645	3,565	4.8	5.0	4.6
External migrants	3,540	1,915	1,625	2.3	2.6	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	135,490	65,065	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30,455	16,445	14,010	22.5	25.3	19.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	105,040	48,615	56,420	77.5	74.7	80.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,145	37,135	41,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,350	6,225	4,125	13.2	16.8	10.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,795	30,905	36,890	86.8	83.2	89.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	135,490	65,060	70,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,740	13,805	12,935	19.7	21.2	18.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,160	17,655	19,500	27.4	27.1	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	71,595	33,600	37,995	52.8	51.6	53.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,725	23,960	23,760	35.2	36.8	33.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,430	11,615	3,810	11.4	17.9	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,020	5,050	2,965	5.9	7.8	4.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,410	6,570	840	5.5	10.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	28,645	10,870	17,780	21.1	16.7	25.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,645	1,470	2,175	2.7	2.3	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,870	9,635	14,230	17.6	14.8	20.2
Bachelor's degree	16,275	6,385	9,890	12.0	9.8	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,050	925	1,125	1.5	1.4	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	350	290	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	4,260	1,595	2,665	3.1	2.5	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	645	385	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,145	37,130	41,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,775	5,105	3,670	11.2	13.7	8.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,350	9,825	10,525	26.0	26.5	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,020	22,205	26,815	62.7	59.8	65.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,870	15,910	15,960	40.8	42.8	38.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,800	7,380	2,415	12.5	19.9	5.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,030	3,185	1,840	6.4	8.6	4.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,775	4,200	575	6.1	11.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,915	7,595	12,320	25.5	20.5	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,160	930	1,220	2.8	2.5	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,150	6,295	10,860	21.9	17.0	26.5
Bachelor's degree	11,720	4,230	7,490	15.0	11.4	18.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,430	640	790	1.8	1.7	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	215	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	3,125	990	2,140	4.0	2.7	5.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	435	220	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	135,490	65,065	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	63,895	31,460	32,435	47.2	48.4	46.1
Education	6,345	1,735	4,610	4.7	2.7	6.5
13. Education	6,345	1,735	4,610	4.7	2.7	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,025	490	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	105	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	875	380	490	0.6	0.6	0.7
Humanities	2,615	1,120	1,495	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	555	195	360	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	905	355	550	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	170	105	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	480	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,875	1,510	4,370	4.3	2.3	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	205	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,905	235	1,665	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	830	240	590	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	1,135	235	905	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,320	510	810	1.0	0.8	1.2
Business, management and public administration	13,755	3,660	10,100	10.2	5.6	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,255	225	1,025	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,465	3,430	9,035	9.2	5.3	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,895	905	990	1.4	1.4	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	690	285	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	595	265	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	440	290	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,600	935	670	1.2	1.4	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,390	835	550	1.0	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,020	17,060	960	13.3	26.2	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	105	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	1,685	1,415	260	1.2	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,625	3,300	330	2.7	5.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	6,010	5,885	125	4.4	9.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,925	3,820	110	2.9	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	2,665	2,565	95	2.0	3.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,195	705	490	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	265	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	620	440	185	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	13,105	1,930	11,175	9.7	3.0	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	290	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,365	1,515	10,850	9.1	2.3	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,165	3,560	2,605	4.6	5.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,160	805	2,350	2.3	1.2	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	750	615	135	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,190	2,080	110	1.6	3.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,145	37,130	41,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,120	14,925	14,195	37.3	40.2	34.6
Education	3,640	820	2,820	4.7	2.2	6.9
13. Education	3,640	820	2,820	4.7	2.2	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	400	380	1.0	1.1	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	700	335	370	0.9	0.9	0.9
Humanities	1,680	630	1,050	2.1	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	315	75	240	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	625	210	410	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	325	145	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,610	1,055	3,555	5.9	2.8	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	170	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,530	180	1,350	2.0	0.5	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	665	165	500	0.9	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	885	140	740	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,005	340	665	1.3	0.9	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,340	2,380	6,960	12.0	6.4	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	925	130	790	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,395	2,250	6,145	10.7	6.1	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,230	570	660	1.6	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	215	275	0.6	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	150	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	275	180	100	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,320	765	550	1.7	2.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,180	720	460	1.5	1.9	1.1
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,845	11,125	720	15.2	30.0	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	1,190	985	205	1.5	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,265	2,015	250	2.9	5.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,980	3,890	90	5.1	10.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,655	2,575	80	3.4	6.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,685	1,615	70	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	850	460	390	1.1	1.2	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	160	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	450	300	150	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	9,055	1,350	7,710	11.6	3.6	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	195	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,575	1,095	7,480	11.0	2.9	18.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,670	2,645	2,025	6.0	7.1	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	595	1,790	3.1	1.6	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	615	485	130	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,525	95	2.1	4.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	78,145	37,130	41,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,120	14,925	14,195	37.3	40.2	34.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,025	22,205	26,820	62.7	59.8	65.4
Location of study inside Canada	46,455	20,940	25,515	59.4	56.4	62.2
Same as province or territory of residence	39,735	17,540	22,195	50.8	47.2	54.1
Different than province or territory of residence	6,720	3,400	3,325	8.6	9.2	8.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,570	1,265	1,300	3.3	3.4	3.2
Americas	680	290	390	0.9	0.8	1.0
United States of America	615	265	360	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mexico	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	535	280	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	225	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,210	620	585	1.5	1.7	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	315	140	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	595	350	250	0.8	0.9	0.6
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	135,490	65,060	70,430	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,400	36,140	35,260	...	...	...
Employed	58,240	28,790	29,455	...	...	...
Unemployed	13,160	7,350	5,805	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	64,090	28,920	35,165	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.7	55.5	50.1	52.7	55.5	50.1
Employment rate	43.0	44.3	41.8	43.0	44.3	41.8
Unemployment rate	18.4	20.3	16.5	18.4	20.3	16.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	135,490	65,065	70,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	62,455	28,415	34,035	46.1	43.7	48.3
Worked	73,035	36,645	36,395	53.9	56.3	51.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,855	16,035	16,825	24.2	24.6	23.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	40,180	20,610	19,570	29.7	31.7	27.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.3	36.2	38.5	37.3	36.2	38.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,400	36,140	35,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,485	1,360	1,125	3.5	3.8	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,910	34,780	34,130	96.5	96.2	96.8
Employee	62,860	30,835	32,025	88.0	85.3	90.8
Permanent position	44,185	20,820	23,370	61.9	57.6	66.3
Temporary position	18,675	10,010	8,660	26.2	27.7	24.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,995	1,245	1,750	4.2	3.4	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15,680	8,775	6,910	22.0	24.3	19.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,055	3,950	2,105	8.5	10.9	6.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,400	36,140	35,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,485	1,360	1,125	3.5	3.8	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,910	34,780	34,130	96.5	96.2	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	445	260	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,835	2,270	6,565	12.4	6.3	18.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,655	2,150	510	3.7	5.9	1.4
3 Health occupations	7,955	1,300	6,655	11.1	3.6	18.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,365	2,920	6,435	13.1	8.1	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,300	465	840	1.8	1.3	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	19,095	8,020	11,070	26.7	22.2	31.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,670	11,930	740	17.7	33.0	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,130	3,470	655	5.8	9.6	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,470	1,995	475	3.5	5.5	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,400	36,140	35,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,485	1,360	1,125	3.5	3.8	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	68,910	34,780	34,130	96.5	96.2	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,260	3,380	875	6.0	9.4	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	995	905	90	1.4	2.5	0.3
22 Utilities	640	570	65	0.9	1.6	0.2
23 Construction	5,675	5,160	515	7.9	14.3	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	3,030	2,365	665	4.2	6.5	1.9
41 Wholesale trade	845	670	175	1.2	1.9	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,545	3,915	4,630	12.0	10.8	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,730	2,050	680	3.8	5.7	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	630	350	280	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,200	325	875	1.7	0.9	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	605	370	235	0.8	1.0	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,510	1,420	1,085	3.5	3.9	3.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,510	2,080	1,430	4.9	5.8	4.1
61 Educational services	6,490	2,090	4,400	9.1	5.8	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	12,485	2,225	10,260	17.5	6.2	29.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,555	810	745	2.2	2.2	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	5,140	2,205	2,935	7.2	6.1	8.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,685	1,325	1,360	3.8	3.7	3.9
91 Public administration	5,375	2,565	2,805	7.5	7.1	8.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	79,065	39,785	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,720	37,880	36,840	94.5	95.2	93.8
French	585	255	330	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	370	195	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	305	165	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,820	695	1,125	2.3	1.7	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,535	740	795	1.9	1.9	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	79,065	39,785	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	78,520	39,575	38,950	99.3	99.5	99.2
Official languages	77,695	39,155	38,540	98.3	98.4	98.1
English	76,660	38,750	37,910	97.0	97.4	96.5
French	1,035	400	635	1.3	1.0	1.6
Non-official languages	825	415	410	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	655	335	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquian languages	650	335	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	650	335	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mi'kmaq	650	335	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	540	210	330	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and French	270	90	180	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	270	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	79,065	39,785	39,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,195	38,530	37,660	96.4	96.8	95.9
English	890	360	530	1.1	0.9	1.3
French	1,110	455	650	1.4	1.1	1.7
Non-official language	780	370	410	1.0	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	535	215	315	0.7	0.5	0.8
Non-Indigenous	245	150	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,240	28,785	29,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,275	3,065	4,210	12.5	10.6	14.3
Worked outside Canada	110	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,015	6,825	2,190	15.5	23.7	7.4
Usual place of work	41,845	18,815	23,030	71.8	65.4	78.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,845	18,815	23,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,575	13,920	17,655	75.5	74.0	76.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,170	2,040	3,130	12.4	10.8	13.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,545	1,925	1,620	8.5	10.2	7.0
Commute to a different province or territory	1,555	930	625	3.7	4.9	2.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,855	25,640	25,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,670	23,370	23,300	91.8	91.1	92.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,440	21,505	20,940	83.5	83.9	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,230	1,865	2,360	8.3	7.3	9.4
Public transit	710	460	255	1.4	1.8	1.0
Walked	2,090	985	1,105	4.1	3.8	4.4
Bicycle	95	70	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	1,290	750	540	2.5	2.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,855	25,640	25,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,230	11,395	12,835	47.6	44.4	50.9
15 to 29 minutes	16,065	7,905	8,160	31.6	30.8	32.3
30 to 44 minutes	6,525	3,640	2,890	12.8	14.2	11.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,945	1,155	790	3.8	4.5	3.1
60 minutes and over	2,085	1,530	555	4.1	6.0	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,855	25,640	25,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,130	2,240	890	6.2	8.7	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,170	5,325	3,845	18.0	20.8	15.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,135	6,980	7,155	27.8	27.2	28.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,340	4,890	7,450	24.3	19.1	29.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,750	1,975	2,775	9.3	7.7	11.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,335	4,230	3,105	14.4	16.5	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,760	13,715	13,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,525	1,240	1,285	9.4	9.0	9.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,235	12,475	11,755	90.6	91.0	90.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,115	10,350	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,940	950	995	9.6	9.2	10.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,360	645	715	6.8	6.2	7.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	305	280	2.9	2.9	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,170	9,405	8,770	90.3	90.9	89.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 28, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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