Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Zone 2 (Saint John area)More information: New Brunswick [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	176,026	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	82,146	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	75,701	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	176,025	85,980	90,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,975	13,815	13,160	15.3	16.1	14.6
0 to 4 years	7,850	4,050	3,805	4.5	4.7	4.2
5 to 9 years	9,185	4,615	4,570	5.2	5.4	5.1
10 to 14 years	9,940	5,155	4,790	5.6	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	111,170	54,685	56,490	63.2	63.6	62.7
15 to 19 years	9,515	4,880	4,640	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	9,415	4,950	4,465	5.3	5.8	5.0
25 to 29 years	9,780	4,935	4,845	5.6	5.7	5.4
30 to 34 years	9,945	4,910	5,040	5.6	5.7	5.6
35 to 39 years	10,180	4,915	5,265	5.8	5.7	5.8
40 to 44 years	10,660	5,095	5,570	6.1	5.9	6.2
45 to 49 years	11,470	5,555	5,910	6.5	6.5	6.6
50 to 54 years	11,845	5,775	6,065	6.7	6.7	6.7
55 to 59 years	14,405	6,960	7,445	8.2	8.1	8.3
60 to 64 years	13,950	6,700	7,245	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over	37,875	17,475	20,400	21.5	20.3	22.7
65 to 69 years	12,565	6,075	6,485	7.1	7.1	7.2
70 to 74 years	10,540	5,070	5,475	6.0	5.9	6.1
75 to 79 years	6,695	3,130	3,565	3.8	3.6	4.0
80 to 84 years	4,270	1,880	2,390	2.4	2.2	2.7
85 years and over	3,805	1,320	2,485	2.2	1.5	2.8
85 to 89 years	2,365	915	1,445	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	1,060	315	745	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	320	75	245	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.1	14.6	15.3	16.1	14.6
15 to 64 years	63.2	63.6	62.7	63.2	63.6	62.7
65 years and over	21.5	20.3	22.7	21.5	20.3	22.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.2	1.5	2.8
Average age of the population	43.8	42.8	44.7	43.8	42.8	44.7
Median age of the population	45.6	44.4	46.8	45.6	44.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	75,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	49,215	...	...	65.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,710	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	2,575	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,110	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,835	...	...	17.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,170	...	...	2.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,895	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	75,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,530	...	...	29.8	...	...
2 persons	28,860	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 persons	11,215	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	8,555	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,545	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	173,050	84,525	88,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	149,050	72,160	76,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	86,275	43,080	43,195	57.9	59.7	56.2
Married	70,275	35,085	35,190	47.1	48.6	45.8
Living common-law	16,005	7,995	8,005	10.7	11.1	10.4
Living common law - Never married	11,045	5,510	5,540	7.4	7.6	7.2
Living common law - Separated	1,045	555	490	0.7	0.8	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,455	1,735	1,720	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	460	195	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	62,775	29,080	33,695	42.1	40.3	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,615	20,735	17,880	25.9	28.7	23.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,960	2,185	2,780	3.3	3.0	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,595	4,035	5,555	6.4	5.6	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,600	2,125	7,480	6.4	2.9	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	51,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	29,380	...	...	57.2	...	...
3 persons	10,620	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	7,920	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,435	...	...	6.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	51,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	42,505	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	34,505	...	...	67.2	...	...
With children⁶	15,390	...	...	30.0	...	...
Without children	19,120	...	...	37.2	...	...
Common-law couples	8,000	...	...	15.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,250	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	4,755	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,855	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,885	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,970	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	173,050	84,525	88,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	140,825	69,490	71,340	81.4	82.2	80.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	85,010	42,440	42,570	49.1	50.2	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	8,855	1,975	6,880	5.1	2.3	7.8
Children⁶	46,955	25,070	21,890	27.1	29.7	24.7
In a two-parent family	33,525	17,805	15,720	19.4	21.1	17.8
In a one-parent family	13,435	7,265	6,165	7.8	8.6	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,220	15,040	17,185	18.6	17.8	19.4
Living alone	22,530	10,060	12,465	13.0	11.9	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,510	1,500	2,005	2.0	1.8	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	6,190	3,475	2,710	3.6	4.1	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	75,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	46,465	...	...	61.4	...	...
Couple-family households	39,490	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	17,345	...	...	22.9	...	...
Without children	22,145	...	...	29.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,975	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,570	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	235	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,990	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,920	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	22,530	...	...	29.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	146,140	70,750	75,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	140,590	68,050	72,535	96.2	96.2	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	34,400	38,400	43,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	140,655	68,085	72,575	96.2	96.2	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,400	34,800	38,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,825	60,940	61,890	84.0	86.1	82.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	27,600	33,200	39,200	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,610	49,850	47,765	66.8	70.5	63.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,600	34,800	40,800	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,230	49,945	61,285	76.1	70.6	81.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,300	11,900	12,000	12,300	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,305	10,995	10,315	14.6	15.5	13.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,520	6,000	6,280	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,890	16,180	17,715	23.2	22.9	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	146,150	70,760	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	140,555	67,990	72,565	96.2	96.1	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,560	55,950	41,600	48,560	55,950	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	140,625	68,020	72,610	96.2	96.1	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,480	45,560	35,720	40,480	45,560	35,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,815	61,040	61,775	84.0	86.3	81.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,320	52,400	36,320	44,320	52,400	36,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,585	49,895	47,690	66.8	70.5	63.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240	52,450	37,720	45,240	52,450	37,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,030	49,715	61,315	76.0	70.3	81.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,430	12,220	12,600	12,430	12,220	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,165	10,790	10,375	14.5	15.2	13.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,240	7,620	6,850	7,240	7,620	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,635	15,975	17,660	23.0	22.6	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,570	8,830	8,710	8,570	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	146,150	70,760	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	47,985	25,855	22,130	32.8	36.5	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	63,200	50,000	56,400	63,200	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	76,000	58,050	67,700	76,000	58,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,970	17,995	19,975	26.0	25.4	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	20,000	15,500	17,400	20,000	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,920	30,840	21,460	25,920	30,840	21,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.0	74.4	79.8	84.0	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	68.8	59.6	64.8	68.8	59.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	16.0	25.6	20.2	16.0	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.4	5.2	4.2	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.6	5.2	4.3	3.6	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	146,140	70,745	75,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,550	2,700	2,855	3.8	3.8	3.8
With total income	140,585	68,050	72,540	96.2	96.2	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,530	4,895	6,635	8.2	7.2	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	17,180	6,675	10,505	12.2	9.8	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	24,235	10,325	13,905	17.2	15.2	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	20,115	8,765	11,350	14.3	12.9	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	18,345	8,310	10,035	13.0	12.2	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	12,955	6,565	6,395	9.2	9.6	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	9,380	5,340	4,040	6.7	7.8	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,840	4,020	2,820	4.9	5.9	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,400	2,960	2,440	3.8	4.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,785	2,230	1,560	2.7	3.3	2.1
$100,000 and over	10,810	7,960	2,850	7.7	11.7	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,550	5,450	2,100	5.4	8.0	2.9
$150,000 and over	3,260	2,510	750	2.3	3.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	146,140	70,745	75,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,480	2,660	2,820	3.8	3.8	3.7
With after-tax income	140,660	68,085	72,570	96.3	96.2	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,160	5,050	7,110	8.6	7.4	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	18,045	7,060	10,990	12.8	10.4	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	28,710	12,465	16,245	20.4	18.3	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	24,460	10,915	13,545	17.4	16.0	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	19,410	9,500	9,910	13.8	14.0	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	13,065	7,350	5,715	9.3	10.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,760	4,875	3,890	6.2	7.2	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,600	3,265	2,335	4.0	4.8	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,610	2,465	1,145	2.6	3.6	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	1,500	555	1.5	2.2	0.8
$100,000 and over	4,780	3,640	1,140	3.4	5.3	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,560	1,945	615	1.8	2.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	2,210	1,695	515	1.6	2.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	146,140	70,745	75,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	48,525	20,900	27,625	33.2	29.5	36.6
With employment income	97,615	49,845	47,770	66.8	70.5	63.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,770	6,215	6,555	13.1	12.5	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	8,050	3,470	4,580	8.3	7.0	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,855	5,245	6,605	12.1	10.5	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,580	4,780	5,800	10.8	9.6	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	11,140	4,845	6,300	11.4	9.7	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,790	4,690	5,105	10.0	9.4	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,435	4,000	3,435	7.6	8.0	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,880	3,435	2,440	6.0	6.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,735	2,795	1,940	4.9	5.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,125	2,185	1,940	4.2	4.4	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,900	1,740	1,155	3.0	3.5	2.4
$100,000 and over	8,345	6,435	1,910	8.5	12.9	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	4,130	3,050	1,080	4.2	6.1	2.3
$125,000 and over	4,205	3,380	830	4.3	6.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	146,140	70,750	75,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	138,155	66,775	71,375	94.5	94.4	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	31,400	36,400	43,200	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	138,300	66,785	71,515	94.6	94.4	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	28,800	32,800	38,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	122,165	60,535	61,635	83.6	85.6	81.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,800	28,400	33,600	40,800	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,655	50,405	48,255	67.5	71.2	64.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	30,800	35,200	42,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,280	43,215	56,065	67.9	61.1	74.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,900	8,700	8,800	8,900	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	17,895	9,495	8,400	12.2	13.4	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,900	5,640	6,200	6,900	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	146,150	70,760	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	138,185	66,785	71,400	94.6	94.4	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	55,200	39,000	46,840	55,200	39,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	138,310	66,800	71,510	94.6	94.4	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,880	44,720	33,440	38,880	44,720	33,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	122,275	60,645	61,635	83.7	85.7	81.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,920	53,750	36,240	44,920	53,750	36,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,620	50,355	48,265	67.5	71.2	64.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	53,650	37,880	45,920	53,650	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,140	43,075	56,065	67.8	60.9	74.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,860	9,910	9,820	9,860	9,910	9,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,740	9,470	8,265	12.1	13.4	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,670	7,950	7,360	7,670	7,950	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	146,150	70,760	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	47,620	25,650	21,965	32.6	36.2	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	61,600	46,800	53,600	61,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	73,000	55,050	64,700	73,000	55,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,860	16,960	18,900	24.5	24.0	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	26,000	20,400	22,800	26,000	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,080	39,040	25,800	32,080	39,040	25,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	88.4	80.2	84.8	88.4	80.2
Employment income (%)	70.0	73.2	65.6	70.0	73.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	15.1	11.6	19.8	15.1	11.6	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	75,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	53,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	75,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	45,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,160	...	...	38,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	53,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	75,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	640	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	875	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,110	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,185	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,165	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,080	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,095	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,475	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,550	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,295	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,485	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,900	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,390	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,875	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,160	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,425	...	...	32.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,115	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,520	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,160	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,630	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	75,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	900	...	...	1.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,115	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,260	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,475	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,745	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,615	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,065	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,125	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,865	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,585	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,880	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,050	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,185	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,305	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,840	...	...	23.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,680	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,485	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,675	...	...	7.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	51,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,715	13,540	15,175	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	33,200	34,400	36,400	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	32,800	30,600	31,400	32,800	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	50,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...	116,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...	66,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,680	13,450	15,225	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,840	45,360	40,640	42,840	45,360	40,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,560	37,920	35,360	36,560	37,920	35,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	173,050	84,525	88,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,685	16,710	15,970	18.9	19.8	18.0
0 to 5 years	9,615	4,920	4,690	5.6	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	104,250	50,960	53,295	60.2	60.3	60.2
65 years and over	36,115	16,855	19,260	20.9	19.9	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	24,360	11,075	13,285	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,600	2,845	2,755	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,865	940	925	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,960	5,615	6,350	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,800	2,615	4,185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.1	13.1	15.0	14.1	13.1	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	17.1	17.0	17.3	17.1	17.0	17.3
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.1	19.7	19.4	19.1	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.5	11.0	11.9	11.5	11.0	11.9
65 years and over (%)	18.8	15.5	21.7	18.8	15.5	21.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	173,050	84,525	88,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,680	16,715	15,970	18.9	19.8	18.0
0 to 5 years	9,615	4,920	4,690	5.6	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	104,255	50,960	53,295	60.2	60.3	60.2
65 years and over	36,115	16,855	19,260	20.9	19.9	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,870	3,500	3,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,315	665	650	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	420	205	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,050	2,630	2,420	...	...	...
65 years and over	510	205	305	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.1	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.2	4.5	4.8	5.2	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	173,050	84,525	88,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	101,135	48,160	52,970	58.4	57.0	59.8
In bottom decile	20,800	9,730	11,070	12.0	11.5	12.5
In second decile	22,515	10,415	12,100	13.0	12.3	13.7
In third decile	20,870	9,935	10,930	12.1	11.8	12.3
In fourth decile	18,870	9,090	9,780	10.9	10.8	11.0
In fifth decile	18,080	8,990	9,090	10.4	10.6	10.3
In top half of the distribution	71,915	36,360	35,550	41.6	43.0	40.2
In sixth decile	16,925	8,485	8,440	9.8	10.0	9.5
In seventh decile	16,405	8,220	8,185	9.5	9.7	9.2
In eighth decile	14,605	7,380	7,220	8.4	8.7	8.2
In ninth decile	13,185	6,715	6,470	7.6	7.9	7.3
In top decile	10,800	5,565	5,240	6.2	6.6	5.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	173,050	...	...	173,050	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.455	...	...	0.455	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	174,180	85,105	89,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	148,535	74,195	74,340	85.3	87.2	83.5
French only	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	24,915	10,570	14,345	14.3	12.4	16.1
Neither English nor French	545	255	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	174,180	85,105	89,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	168,110	82,245	85,865	96.5	96.6	96.4
French	5,105	2,385	2,720	2.9	2.8	3.1
English and French	475	250	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	495	220	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	174,180	85,105	89,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	171,775	83,955	87,815	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	164,185	80,095	84,085	94.3	94.1	94.4
English	158,755	77,585	81,175	91.1	91.2	91.1
French	5,430	2,515	2,915	3.1	3.0	3.3
Non-official languages	7,590	3,860	3,725	4.4	4.5	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,575	3,860	3,715	4.3	4.5	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,315	705	610	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,220	660	560	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,105	595	515	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	745	310	435	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	255	370	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,370	1,805	1,570	1.9	2.1	1.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	580	285	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	565	280	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	640	340	300	0.4	0.4	0.3
Frisian	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	360	170	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	345	170	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	145	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	220	130	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,165	645	525	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	935	520	415	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	150	100	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	160	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	185	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	895	470	425	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	220	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	415	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	410	195	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,015	495	520	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	1,010	490	520	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	830	400	430	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,410	1,150	1,255	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	1,235	540	695	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,015	520	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	174,180	85,105	89,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	161,660	79,035	82,625	92.8	92.9	92.8
French	1,335	640	690	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	2,385	1,220	1,165	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,385	1,220	1,165	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	3,245	1,405	1,835	1.9	1.7	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,005	2,525	2,475	2.9	3.0	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	370	185	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	174,180	85,105	89,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	172,495	84,280	88,215	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	167,930	81,940	85,990	96.4	96.3	96.5
English	166,150	81,100	85,050	95.4	95.3	95.5
French	1,785	835	940	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-official languages	4,560	2,340	2,225	2.6	2.7	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,560	2,340	2,225	2.6	2.7	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,055	570	490	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,000	540	455	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	935	505	430	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	410	195	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	355	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,595	830	760	0.9	1.0	0.9
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	210	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	720	380	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	570	305	265	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	50	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	220	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	195	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	330	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	745	365	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	740	365	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	645	325	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,690	830	860	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	540	240	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,070	550	520	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	174,180	85,105	89,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	166,815	81,595	85,220	95.8	95.9	95.7
English	2,090	1,045	1,045	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	2,355	1,010	1,340	1.4	1.2	1.5
Non-official language	2,095	1,020	1,075	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,065	1,005	1,055	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	80	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	305	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	270	155	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	173,180	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	172,650	84,335	88,310	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	172,515	84,265	88,255	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	24,755	10,590	14,160	14.3	12.5	16.0
Non-official languages	11,090	5,625	5,475	6.4	6.7	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,030	5,610	5,425	6.4	6.6	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,780	1,005	775	1.0	1.2	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	945	725	1.0	1.1	0.8
Amharic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,455	825	635	0.8	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	985	395	595	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	905	360	545	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	315	200	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,510	2,920	2,590	3.2	3.5	2.9
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	755	400	360	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	755	400	360	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	520	275	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	220	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,130	575	555	0.7	0.7	0.6
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	805	425	380	0.5	0.5	0.4
German	795	425	375	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	310	165	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	250	135	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,760	1,070	695	1.0	1.3	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,525	935	595	0.9	1.1	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	275	200	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	885	540	345	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	305	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	395	230	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	125	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,895	890	1,005	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	255	140	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,325	585	735	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	430	205	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	285	90	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	245	75	170	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,335	630	705	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	1,325	630	695	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,185	575	610	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	60	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	173,185	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,385	2,050	2,340	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,030	1,880	2,155	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,540	1,225	1,310	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis	1,335	585	750	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	220	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	168,800	82,540	86,260	97.5	97.6	97.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	173,185	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,030	550	480	0.6	0.7	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	172,155	84,040	88,115	99.4	99.4	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	54,940	...	...	72.5	...	...
Renter	20,795	...	...	27.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,285	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not condominium	73,455	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	310	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	7,575	...	...	10.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,230	...	...	26.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	29,465	...	...	38.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,160	...	...	24.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,810	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 rooms	12,385	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	12,320	...	...	16.3	...	...
7 rooms	10,425	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	23,790	...	...	31.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	75,145	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	595	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	73,600	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,135	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	20,450	...	...	27.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,170	...	...	30.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,180	...	...	13.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,385	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,570	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,360	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,185	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,440	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	69,520	...	...	91.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,215	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	40,435	...	...	53.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	33,245	...	...	43.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,060	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	75,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,125	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,165	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,475	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,925	...	...	17.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,390	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,075	...	...	18.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,370	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	2,215	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	75,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	65,350	...	...	86.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,900	...	...	13.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,125	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	75,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,730	...	...	22.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,675	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,665	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,905	...	...	6.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	170	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,015	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	255	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	59,010	...	...	77.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	74,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,650	...	...	6.2	...	...
Not in core need	69,820	...	...	93.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	54,735	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.7	...	...	55.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,007	...	...	1,007	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	224,400	...	...	224,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.4	...	...	26.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	841	...	...	841	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	173,185	84,590	88,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,615	775	845	0.9	0.9	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,580	750	825	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,245	630	620	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	260	110	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	80	15	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,880	2,845	3,035	3.4	3.4	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,755	2,800	2,955	3.3	3.3	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,650	2,270	2,375	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,000	470	535	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	165,690	80,970	84,720	95.7	95.7	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	173,185	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	165,760	80,730	85,030	95.7	95.4	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	31,215	15,975	15,235	18.0	18.9	17.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	134,540	64,750	69,790	77.7	76.6	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,425	3,855	3,570	4.3	4.6	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	173,185	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	159,960	77,985	81,975	92.4	92.2	92.5
Immigrants⁸¹	11,075	5,330	5,745	6.4	6.3	6.5
Before 1980	3,000	1,370	1,630	1.7	1.6	1.8
1980 to 1990	845	390	455	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	705	335	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,555	745	810	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,965	2,490	2,475	2.9	2.9	2.8
2011 to 2015	1,515	730	780	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	3,450	1,760	1,695	2.0	2.1	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,150	1,275	875	1.2	1.5	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,080	5,330	5,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,325	670	655	12.0	12.6	11.4
5 to 14 years	2,215	995	1,220	20.0	18.7	21.2
15 to 24 years	1,805	870	935	16.3	16.3	16.3
25 to 44 years	4,655	2,215	2,445	42.0	41.6	42.6
45 years and over	1,075	590	485	9.7	11.1	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,080	5,330	5,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,280	1,015	1,265	20.6	19.0	22.0
Brazil	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Colombia	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.4
El Salvador	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyana	50	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	80	25	55	0.7	0.5	1.0
Peru	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	75	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
United States of America	1,600	710	890	14.4	13.3	15.5
Other places of birth in Americas	300	140	165	2.7	2.6	2.9
Europe	3,540	1,735	1,805	31.9	32.6	31.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	70	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
Germany	370	170	200	3.3	3.2	3.5
Greece	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hungary	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Netherlands	185	105	80	1.7	2.0	1.4
Poland	60	25	35	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	50	40	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
Romania	135	55	75	1.2	1.0	1.3
Russian Federation	90	50	45	0.8	0.9	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	155	70	85	1.4	1.3	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,885	920	965	17.0	17.3	16.8
Other places of birth in Europe	315	140	175	2.8	2.6	3.0
Africa	925	475	450	8.3	8.9	7.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	30	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Egypt	115	60	55	1.0	1.1	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	240	110	135	2.2	2.1	2.3
Somalia	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	115	45	70	1.0	0.8	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	325	180	150	2.9	3.4	2.6
Asia	4,240	2,070	2,170	38.3	38.8	37.8
Afghanistan	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	155	90	70	1.4	1.7	1.2
Iraq	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	70	60	10	0.6	1.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	790	425	365	7.1	8.0	6.4
Turkey	40	30	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
China⁹⁰	735	355	375	6.6	6.7	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	30	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	270	110	160	2.4	2.1	2.8
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	785	305	485	7.1	5.7	8.4
Viet Nam	100	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bangladesh	45	30	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
India	455	240	215	4.1	4.5	3.7
Pakistan	210	100	110	1.9	1.9	1.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	485	210	275	4.4	3.9	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	35	55	0.8	0.7	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,455	1,760	1,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	300	170	130	8.7	9.7	7.7
Brazil	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Mexico	40	20	25	1.2	1.1	1.5
United States of America	145	90	50	4.2	5.1	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	30	1.4	1.4	1.8
Europe	310	140	165	9.0	8.0	9.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Ukraine	100	50	50	2.9	2.8	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	15	30	1.3	0.9	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	105	45	60	3.0	2.6	3.5
Africa	565	300	270	16.4	17.0	15.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	0.7	1.1	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	85	50	40	2.5	2.8	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	195	85	110	5.6	4.8	6.5
Somalia	40	15	20	1.2	0.9	1.2
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	60	35	25	1.7	2.0	1.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	35	2.0	2.0	2.1
Asia	2,270	1,150	1,120	65.7	65.3	66.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	40	20	15	1.2	1.1	0.9
China⁹⁰	405	215	185	11.7	12.2	10.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	250	145	100	7.2	8.2	5.9
Iran⁸⁸	55	30	20	1.6	1.7	1.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	35	35	1.9	2.0	2.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	20	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	1.3	1.1	1.5
Lebanon	30	25	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Nepal	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Pakistan	50	15	35	1.4	0.9	2.1
Philippines	410	155	255	11.9	8.8	15.0
Saudi Arabia	20	10	15	0.6	0.6	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	685	370	315	19.8	21.0	18.6
Turkey	20	15	10	0.6	0.9	0.6
United Arab Emirates	60	20	40	1.7	1.1	2.4
Viet Nam	35	15	20	1.0	0.9	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	30	1.4	0.9	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	173,185	84,590	88,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,710	7,330	7,370	8.5	8.7	8.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,275	5,905	6,370	7.1	7.0	7.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	146,195	71,345	74,855	84.4	84.3	84.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,075	3,960	4,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,050	2,535	2,515	62.5	64.0	61.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,955	1,325	630	24.2	33.5	15.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,095	1,210	1,885	38.3	30.6	45.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,590	640	950	19.7	16.2	23.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,365	750	615	16.9	18.9	15.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,075	3,960	4,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	80	40	1.4	2.0	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,225	655	570	15.2	16.5	13.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	415	175	235	5.1	4.4	5.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	515	285	230	6.4	7.2	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	50	60	1.4	1.3	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,695	2,715	2,985	70.5	68.6	72.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	173,180	84,585	88,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,680	5,370	5,310	6.2	6.3	6.0
South Asian	2,130	1,240	890	1.2	1.5	1.0
Chinese	1,535	710	825	0.9	0.8	0.9
Black	2,515	1,265	1,255	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	1,165	500	665	0.7	0.6	0.8
Arab	1,215	640	575	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin American	495	205	290	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	365	165	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	280	170	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	405	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	380	175	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	162,505	79,215	83,290	93.8	93.7	94.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	173,185	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,645	18,000	18,645	21.2	21.3	21.0
English	45,525	21,585	23,940	26.3	25.5	27.0
Irish	51,495	24,225	27,275	29.7	28.6	30.8
Scottish	40,970	19,960	21,010	23.7	23.6	23.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,590	11,105	12,480	13.6	13.1	14.1
German	9,095	4,315	4,780	5.3	5.1	5.4
Chinese	1,665	775	890	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italian	2,160	1,050	1,105	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	1,455	790	665	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ukrainian	1,115	540	575	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dutch	4,375	2,140	2,230	2.5	2.5	2.5
Polish	1,115	585	525	0.6	0.7	0.6
Québécois	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,290	2,580	2,700	3.1	3.1	3.0
Filipino	1,140	490	650	0.7	0.6	0.7
French Canadian	1,420	655	765	0.8	0.8	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	8,820	4,315	4,505	5.1	5.1	5.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,550	1,230	1,320	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	1,390	635	760	0.8	0.8	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,005	1,465	1,540	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	665	315	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	1,110	495	615	0.6	0.6	0.7
Welsh	3,495	1,690	1,805	2.0	2.0	2.0
Portuguese	395	155	240	0.2	0.2	0.3
American	2,100	995	1,105	1.2	1.2	1.2
Spanish	715	335	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	965	455	510	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	385	215	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Acadian	6,530	3,065	3,465	3.8	3.6	3.9
Pakistani	370	215	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	745	360	385	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	500	245	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	620	320	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	625	360	265	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	375	190	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	265	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	1,260	650	610	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iranian	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	745	385	360	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	1,270	680	590	0.7	0.8	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,025	515	510	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	125	90	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	420	220	190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgian	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	215	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	210	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,395	680	715	0.8	0.8	0.8
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	630	295	335	0.4	0.3	0.4
Muslim	195	125	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	695	350	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	490	180	315	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	725	395	330	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	195	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	245	95	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	85	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	435	250	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	255	115	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	5,265	2,490	2,780	3.0	2.9	3.1
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	260	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	320	170	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	60	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	240	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	85	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	340	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	235	105	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	173,180	84,585	88,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	225	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	106,260	48,970	57,290	61.4	57.9	64.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,325	5,475	5,855	6.5	6.5	6.6
Anabaptist	80	45	45	0.0	0.1	0.1
Anglican	15,385	6,975	8,415	8.9	8.2	9.5
Baptist	14,330	6,445	7,890	8.3	7.6	8.9
Catholic	42,220	19,810	22,410	24.4	23.4	25.3
Christian Orthodox	510	245	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	560	250	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	330	140	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,875	855	1,020	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,705	1,620	2,090	2.1	1.9	2.4
Presbyterian	1,215	550	665	0.7	0.7	0.8
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10,370	4,565	5,800	6.0	5.4	6.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,155	1,915	2,235	2.4	2.3	2.5
Hindu	730	470	260	0.4	0.6	0.3
Jewish	320	185	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	2,425	1,320	1,105	1.4	1.6	1.2
Sikh	330	195	130	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	855	345	515	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	62,020	32,985	29,030	35.8	39.0	32.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	171,625	83,780	87,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	152,215	74,285	77,925	88.7	88.7	88.7
Movers	19,410	9,495	9,915	11.3	11.3	11.3
Non-migrants	10,770	5,265	5,510	6.3	6.3	6.3
Migrants	8,640	4,235	4,405	5.0	5.1	5.0
Internal migrants	7,885	3,835	4,050	4.6	4.6	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,205	2,500	2.7	2.6	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,180	1,630	1,550	1.9	1.9	1.8
External migrants	755	400	355	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	165,355	80,595	84,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,335	51,735	53,605	63.7	64.2	63.2
Movers	60,015	28,865	31,155	36.3	35.8	36.8
Non-migrants	23,555	11,090	12,465	14.2	13.8	14.7
Migrants	36,465	17,775	18,695	22.1	22.1	22.1
Internal migrants	31,905	15,320	16,580	19.3	19.0	19.6
Intraprovincial migrants	22,695	10,560	12,140	13.7	13.1	14.3
Interprovincial migrants	9,205	4,765	4,440	5.6	5.9	5.2
External migrants	4,560	2,445	2,110	2.8	3.0	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	146,150	70,755	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,765	13,295	11,470	16.9	18.8	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	121,380	57,460	63,920	83.1	81.2	84.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,200	44,045	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,480	4,965	3,520	9.3	11.3	7.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,715	39,080	43,635	90.7	88.7	92.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	146,155	70,760	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,250	11,515	10,735	15.2	16.3	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	47,960	22,705	25,255	32.8	32.1	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75,940	36,540	39,405	52.0	51.6	52.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,745	24,095	23,655	32.7	34.1	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,510	8,780	2,730	7.9	12.4	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,120	3,100	2,020	3.5	4.4	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,390	5,685	710	4.4	8.0	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,865	14,370	19,495	23.2	20.3	25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,365	940	1,430	1.6	1.3	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,200	12,450	15,750	19.3	17.6	20.9
Bachelor's degree	19,680	8,355	11,325	13.5	11.8	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,610	650	960	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	805	490	320	0.6	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	5,470	2,595	2,875	3.7	3.7	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	630	360	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,195	44,045	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,480	4,255	3,225	8.2	9.7	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,330	14,000	14,330	31.1	31.8	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,385	25,790	29,600	60.7	58.6	62.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,715	16,710	17,010	37.0	37.9	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,280	5,510	1,765	8.0	12.5	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,290	1,980	1,305	3.6	4.5	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,985	3,525	465	4.4	8.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,870	10,515	14,355	27.3	23.9	30.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,570	690	885	1.7	1.6	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,665	9,080	12,585	23.8	20.6	26.7
Bachelor's degree	15,130	6,125	9,005	16.6	13.9	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,205	435	770	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	610	350	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	4,320	1,950	2,365	4.7	4.4	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	215	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	146,150	70,755	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	70,210	34,220	35,990	48.0	48.4	47.7
Education	5,730	1,440	4,290	3.9	2.0	5.7
13. Education	5,730	1,440	4,290	3.9	2.0	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,365	620	745	0.9	0.9	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	185	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,135	435	695	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	3,465	1,400	2,065	2.4	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	20	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	710	225	480	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	890	240	655	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	225	145	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	770	460	310	0.5	0.7	0.4
54. History	480	215	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,150	1,890	4,255	4.2	2.7	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	555	225	330	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,390	55	1,335	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,035	425	610	0.7	0.6	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,500	355	1,145	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,505	770	730	1.0	1.1	1.0
Business, management and public administration	16,870	5,335	11,530	11.5	7.5	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,625	305	1,315	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,195	5,025	10,165	10.4	7.1	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,385	1,115	1,270	1.6	1.6	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	935	450	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	625	225	405	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	390	265	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	305	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,930	1,775	1,155	2.0	2.5	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,605	1,655	950	1.8	2.3	1.3
25. Library science	115	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,480	17,260	1,220	12.6	24.4	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	2,485	2,120	365	1.7	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,820	4,370	450	3.3	6.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,030	4,865	165	3.4	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,715	3,630	80	2.5	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	2,300	2,190	110	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,660	980	680	1.1	1.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,045	525	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	615	455	155	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	11,980	1,910	10,065	8.2	2.7	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	660	280	380	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,985	1,430	9,560	7.5	2.0	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	185	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,925	2,805	2,125	3.4	4.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,410	535	1,880	1.6	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,075	905	170	0.7	1.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,395	1,330	65	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,195	44,045	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,810	18,255	17,550	39.3	41.4	37.2
Education	3,575	745	2,830	3.9	1.7	6.0
13. Education	3,575	745	2,830	3.9	1.7	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	440	600	1.1	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	910	345	560	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	2,460	965	1,495	2.7	2.2	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	515	165	350	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	655	170	485	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	105	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	515	305	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
54. History	335	140	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,815	1,350	3,465	5.3	3.1	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470	175	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,085	35	1,045	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	765	240	525	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,200	270	925	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,190	590	605	1.3	1.3	1.3
Business, management and public administration	12,905	3,960	8,940	14.2	9.0	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,315	210	1,105	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,540	3,750	7,800	12.7	8.5	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,680	735	945	1.8	1.7	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	685	295	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	435	145	290	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	260	170	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,525	1,535	995	2.8	3.5	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,310	1,450	860	2.5	3.3	1.8
25. Library science	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,775	11,765	1,005	14.0	26.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	1,905	1,595	310	2.1	3.6	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,500	3,115	390	3.8	7.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,395	3,265	135	3.7	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,445	2,410	40	2.7	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,425	1,340	90	1.6	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,240	705	535	1.4	1.6	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	815	400	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	305	130	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	8,735	1,485	7,245	9.6	3.4	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	240	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,965	1,095	6,875	8.7	2.5	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	130	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,645	2,100	1,540	4.0	4.8	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,750	415	1,335	1.9	0.9	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	825	680	145	0.9	1.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,035	980	55	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	91,195	44,045	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,810	18,255	17,550	39.3	41.4	37.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,390	25,790	29,600	60.7	58.6	62.8
Location of study inside Canada	50,965	23,630	27,340	55.9	53.6	58.0
Same as province or territory of residence	39,520	17,875	21,645	43.3	40.6	45.9
Different than province or territory of residence	11,450	5,755	5,695	12.6	13.1	12.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,420	2,160	2,260	4.8	4.9	4.8
Americas	1,355	635	715	1.5	1.4	1.5
United States of America	1,030	485	545	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mexico	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	895	535	365	1.0	1.2	0.8
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	155	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	350	220	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	1,810	810	1,005	2.0	1.8	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	55	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	340	145	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	450	175	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Viet Nam	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	420	220	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	146,155	70,760	75,395	...	...	...
In the labour force	88,685	45,180	43,510	...	...	...
Employed	79,675	40,000	39,670	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,015	5,175	3,840	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	57,465	25,580	31,885	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.7	63.8	57.7	60.7	63.8	57.7
Employment rate	54.5	56.5	52.6	54.5	56.5	52.6
Unemployment rate	10.2	11.5	8.8	10.2	11.5	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	146,150	70,755	75,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	57,095	25,165	31,930	39.1	35.6	42.4
Worked	89,055	45,595	43,460	60.9	64.4	57.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	49,080	26,550	22,530	33.6	37.5	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	39,975	19,040	20,930	27.4	26.9	27.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.6	41.4	41.5	41.6	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	88,685	45,175	43,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,000	1,105	890	2.3	2.4	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	86,690	44,070	42,620	97.8	97.6	97.9
Employee	77,920	38,785	39,140	87.9	85.9	89.9
Permanent position	63,590	31,660	31,930	71.7	70.1	73.4
Temporary position	14,335	7,125	7,205	16.2	15.8	16.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,000	1,340	1,660	3.4	3.0	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,335	5,790	5,550	12.8	12.8	12.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,770	5,285	3,485	9.9	11.7	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	88,685	45,175	43,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,000	1,105	890	2.3	2.4	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	86,690	44,070	42,620	97.8	97.6	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	825	475	350	0.9	1.1	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,300	3,745	9,555	15.0	8.3	22.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,210	4,820	1,395	7.0	10.7	3.2
3 Health occupations	7,970	1,315	6,650	9.0	2.9	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,025	3,345	7,680	12.4	7.4	17.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,585	665	920	1.8	1.5	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	22,995	9,570	13,425	25.9	21.2	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,200	14,190	1,010	17.1	31.4	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,160	2,625	535	3.6	5.8	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,420	3,320	1,105	5.0	7.3	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	88,685	45,175	43,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,000	1,105	890	2.3	2.4	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	86,690	44,070	42,620	97.8	97.6	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,300	2,445	855	3.7	5.4	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	565	445	120	0.6	1.0	0.3
22 Utilities	1,665	1,395	275	1.9	3.1	0.6
23 Construction	6,695	5,975	720	7.5	13.2	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	7,230	5,220	2,010	8.2	11.6	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	2,510	1,585	920	2.8	3.5	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	10,695	4,695	6,000	12.1	10.4	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,035	3,030	1,010	4.5	6.7	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,540	905	635	1.7	2.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,665	930	1,735	3.0	2.1	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,210	730	475	1.4	1.6	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,950	2,790	2,155	5.6	6.2	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,530	2,495	2,035	5.1	5.5	4.7
61 Educational services	5,945	1,580	4,365	6.7	3.5	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	13,355	2,220	11,135	15.1	4.9	25.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,315	710	605	1.5	1.6	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	5,375	2,045	3,325	6.1	4.5	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,915	2,040	1,875	4.4	4.5	4.3
91 Public administration	4,995	2,730	2,260	5.6	6.0	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	95,625	48,685	46,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	91,155	47,025	44,135	95.3	96.6	94.0
French	400	105	295	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official language	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	3,480	1,260	2,225	3.6	2.6	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	410	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	95,625	48,685	46,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,170	48,550	46,620	99.5	99.7	99.3
Official languages	94,990	48,445	46,545	99.3	99.5	99.2
English	94,155	48,205	45,945	98.5	99.0	97.9
French	830	240	595	0.9	0.5	1.3
Non-official languages	185	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	455	140	315	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and French	365	85	280	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	95,625	48,685	46,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,090	47,315	44,775	96.3	97.2	95.4
English	500	170	335	0.5	0.3	0.7
French	2,705	1,050	1,655	2.8	2.2	3.5
Non-official language	255	120	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	120	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	79,675	40,005	39,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,890	5,805	7,085	16.2	14.5	17.9
Worked outside Canada	230	145	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	10,610	7,800	2,810	13.3	19.5	7.1
Usual place of work	55,940	26,250	29,695	70.2	65.6	74.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	55,945	26,250	29,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,295	12,700	15,595	50.6	48.4	52.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,320	4,960	6,360	20.2	18.9	21.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,925	8,305	7,625	28.5	31.6	25.7
Commute to a different province or territory	400	290	115	0.7	1.1	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	66,560	34,050	32,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	60,790	31,305	29,485	91.3	91.9	90.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	55,655	29,310	26,350	83.6	86.1	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,135	2,000	3,140	7.7	5.9	9.7
Public transit	1,425	640	780	2.1	1.9	2.4
Walked	2,975	1,390	1,585	4.5	4.1	4.9
Bicycle	160	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	1,205	595	610	1.8	1.7	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	66,560	34,050	32,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	26,790	12,355	14,435	40.2	36.3	44.4
15 to 29 minutes	25,580	12,875	12,705	38.4	37.8	39.1
30 to 44 minutes	8,315	4,770	3,540	12.5	14.0	10.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,330	2,150	1,175	5.0	6.3	3.6
60 minutes and over	2,540	1,890	645	3.8	5.6	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	66,560	34,050	32,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,840	2,995	845	5.8	8.8	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,850	7,190	4,650	17.8	21.1	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,270	10,725	10,545	32.0	31.5	32.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,815	5,615	8,200	20.8	16.5	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,585	2,535	4,055	9.9	7.4	12.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,200	4,995	4,210	13.8	14.7	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	33,375	17,070	16,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,250	1,630	1,620	9.7	9.5	9.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,120	15,440	14,685	90.2	90.5	90.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,880	12,710	12,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,480	1,245	1,240	10.0	9.8	10.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,335	655	675	5.4	5.2	5.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,150	585	560	4.6	4.6	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,395	11,470	10,930	90.0	90.2	89.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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