Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	YukonMore information: Yukon [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	40,232	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	35,874	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,610	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,181	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.1	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	472,345.44	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	40,230	20,100	20,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,820	3,545	3,275	17.0	17.6	16.3
0 to 4 years	2,175	1,090	1,085	5.4	5.4	5.4
5 to 9 years	2,370	1,245	1,130	5.9	6.2	5.6
10 to 14 years	2,275	1,205	1,065	5.7	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	27,360	13,400	13,960	68.0	66.7	69.3
15 to 19 years	2,085	1,085	995	5.2	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	2,135	1,080	1,060	5.3	5.4	5.3
25 to 29 years	2,700	1,310	1,395	6.7	6.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	3,415	1,665	1,755	8.5	8.3	8.7
35 to 39 years	3,425	1,655	1,770	8.5	8.2	8.8
40 to 44 years	2,840	1,370	1,470	7.1	6.8	7.3
45 to 49 years	2,615	1,215	1,400	6.5	6.0	7.0
50 to 54 years	2,460	1,220	1,240	6.1	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	2,800	1,355	1,440	7.0	6.7	7.2
60 to 64 years	2,885	1,430	1,450	7.2	7.1	7.2
65 years and over	6,050	3,155	2,890	15.0	15.7	14.4
65 to 69 years	2,375	1,220	1,150	5.9	6.1	5.7
70 to 74 years	1,765	925	840	4.4	4.6	4.2
75 to 79 years	1,025	560	460	2.5	2.8	2.3
80 to 84 years	505	270	230	1.3	1.3	1.1
85 years and over	385	175	210	1.0	0.9	1.0
85 to 89 years	255	115	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
90 to 94 years	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
95 to 99 years	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.6	16.3	17.0	17.6	16.3
15 to 64 years	68.0	66.7	69.3	68.0	66.7	69.3
65 years and over	15.0	15.7	14.4	15.0	15.7	14.4
85 years and over	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
Average age of the population	39.9	39.9	40.0	39.9	39.9	40.0
Median age of the population	39.2	39.2	39.6	39.2	39.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,360	...	...	60.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,265	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	1,255	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	695	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,980	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,450	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,615	...	...	32.7	...	...
2 persons	5,795	...	...	33.7	...	...
3 persons	2,500	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	2,100	...	...	12.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,170	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	39,585	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,410	16,560	16,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	18,280	9,110	9,165	54.7	55.0	54.4
Married	12,450	6,235	6,220	37.3	37.7	36.9
Living common-law	5,830	2,880	2,950	17.4	17.4	17.5
Living common law - Never married	4,625	2,280	2,340	13.8	13.8	13.9
Living common law - Separated	155	85	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	960	485	470	2.9	2.9	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	95	30	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	15,135	7,445	7,690	45.3	45.0	45.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,650	5,620	5,035	31.9	33.9	29.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	795	355	445	2.4	2.1	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,435	1,130	1,310	7.3	6.8	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,250	340	910	3.7	2.1	5.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,995	...	...	54.9	...	...
3 persons	2,255	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	1,900	...	...	17.4	...	...
5 or more persons	780	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,880	...	...	81.3	...	...
Married couples	5,965	...	...	54.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,045	...	...	27.9	...	...
Without children	2,915	...	...	26.7	...	...
Common-law couples	2,915	...	...	26.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,100	...	...	10.1	...	...
Without children	1,815	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,045	...	...	18.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,500	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	550	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	39,585	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	30,465	15,050	15,420	77.0	76.4	77.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,760	8,825	8,935	44.9	44.8	45.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,045	550	1,495	5.2	2.8	7.5
Children⁶	10,660	5,675	4,990	26.9	28.8	25.1
In a two-parent family	7,520	3,990	3,535	19.0	20.2	17.8
In a one-parent family	3,140	1,685	1,450	7.9	8.5	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,120	4,665	4,460	23.0	23.7	22.4
Living alone	5,615	2,810	2,810	14.2	14.3	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	990	475	510	2.5	2.4	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,515	1,385	1,135	6.4	7.0	5.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,465	...	...	55.1	...	...
Couple-family households	7,865	...	...	45.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,690	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	4,175	...	...	24.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,605	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	355	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	690	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	945	...	...	5.5	...	...
One-person households	5,620	...	...	32.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,775	16,170	16,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,810	15,625	16,180	97.1	96.6	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	56,400	53,600	54,800	56,400	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,825	15,640	16,185	97.1	96.7	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	50,000	48,400	49,200	50,000	48,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,555	14,445	15,110	90.2	89.3	91.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	54,800	48,800	51,600	54,800	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,135	12,845	13,295	79.7	79.4	80.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	55,200	49,600	52,400	55,200	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,060	12,865	14,190	82.6	79.6	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,640	6,400	6,120	5,640	6,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,065	1,550	1,510	9.4	9.6	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,840	6,280	6,160	5,840	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,390	3,620	3,775	22.5	22.4	22.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,775	16,185	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,810	15,645	16,165	97.1	96.7	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,200	67,800	60,750	64,200	67,800	60,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,825	15,655	16,165	97.1	96.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,750	56,900	52,700	54,750	56,900	52,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,510	14,435	15,080	90.0	89.2	90.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,700	65,500	56,050	60,700	65,500	56,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,140	12,835	13,300	79.8	79.3	80.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,050	62,150	54,100	58,050	62,150	54,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,225	12,865	14,360	83.1	79.5	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	9,010	9,530	9,280	9,010	9,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,135	1,540	1,590	9.6	9.5	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,870	8,120	7,500	6,870	8,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,205	3,460	3,745	22.0	21.4	22.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,540	8,470	8,500	8,540	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,775	16,185	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,095	6,585	6,515	40.0	40.7	39.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,500	83,000	75,500	78,500	83,000	75,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,300	87,700	76,800	82,300	87,700	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,765	4,620	5,145	29.8	28.5	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	28,600	24,400	26,600	28,600	24,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,640	38,240	35,200	36,640	38,240	35,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6	89.0	86.0	87.6	89.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.2	75.2	73.2	74.2	75.2	73.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.4	10.9	14.0	12.4	10.9	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.4	3.1	3.8	3.4	3.1	3.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,780	16,170	16,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	970	540	425	3.0	3.3	2.6
With total income	31,810	15,630	16,185	97.0	96.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,035	1,005	1,030	6.4	6.4	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,490	1,245	1,240	7.8	8.0	7.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,670	1,745	1,925	11.5	11.2	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,340	1,555	1,785	10.5	9.9	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,025	1,445	1,575	9.5	9.2	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,625	1,230	1,400	8.3	7.9	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,570	1,205	1,360	8.1	7.7	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,535	1,115	1,425	8.0	7.1	8.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180	1,005	1,175	6.9	6.4	7.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	970	970	6.1	6.2	6.0
$100,000 and over	5,405	3,110	2,290	17.0	19.9	14.1
$100,000 to $149,999	4,095	2,245	1,845	12.9	14.4	11.4
$150,000 and over	1,310	865	445	4.1	5.5	2.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,780	16,170	16,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	955	530	425	2.9	3.3	2.6
With after-tax income	31,825	15,640	16,190	97.1	96.7	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,130	1,060	1,070	6.7	6.8	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,570	1,275	1,295	8.1	8.2	8.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,105	1,960	2,145	12.9	12.5	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,870	1,855	2,015	12.2	11.9	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,470	1,645	1,830	10.9	10.5	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,185	1,530	1,655	10.0	9.8	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,290	1,435	1,855	10.3	9.2	11.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,785	1,310	1,475	8.8	8.4	9.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,165	1,115	1,045	6.8	7.1	6.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,445	745	695	4.5	4.8	4.3
$100,000 and over	2,810	1,715	1,100	8.8	11.0	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,720	1,005	710	5.4	6.4	4.4
$125,000 and over	1,095	705	390	3.4	4.5	2.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,780	16,170	16,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,640	3,330	3,315	20.3	20.6	20.0
With employment income	26,135	12,840	13,295	79.7	79.4	80.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,920	1,400	1,515	11.2	10.9	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,505	650	850	5.8	5.1	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,345	1,080	1,265	9.0	8.4	9.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,945	905	1,040	7.4	7.0	7.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,020	1,000	1,020	7.7	7.8	7.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,920	930	990	7.3	7.2	7.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,825	885	945	7.0	6.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,000	910	1,090	7.7	7.1	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,020	880	1,140	7.7	6.9	8.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,765	850	915	6.8	6.6	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	840	820	6.3	6.5	6.2
$100,000 and over	4,215	2,515	1,700	16.1	19.6	12.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375	1,305	1,075	9.1	10.2	8.1
$125,000 and over	1,840	1,205	630	7.0	9.4	4.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,775	16,170	16,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,420	15,430	15,990	95.9	95.4	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	53,600	50,400	52,000	53,600	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,435	15,430	16,000	95.9	95.4	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	47,600	45,600	46,800	47,600	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,425	14,390	15,035	89.8	89.0	90.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	52,800	47,200	50,000	52,800	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,370	12,955	13,410	80.5	80.1	80.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	52,400	47,200	49,600	52,400	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,680	11,635	13,045	75.3	72.0	78.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,120	1,020	3,280	2,120	1,020	3,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,975	1,500	1,475	9.1	9.3	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,360	7,400	6,800	6,360	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,775	16,185	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,485	15,465	16,020	96.1	95.6	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,500	64,600	58,450	61,500	64,600	58,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,500	15,465	16,035	96.1	95.6	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,250	54,300	50,240	52,250	54,300	50,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,555	14,515	15,045	90.2	89.7	90.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,800	63,650	56,050	59,800	63,650	56,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,505	13,035	13,460	80.9	80.5	81.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,200	59,900	52,650	56,200	59,900	52,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,875	11,700	13,175	75.9	72.3	79.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,460	7,120	6,810	6,460	7,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,985	1,385	1,600	9.1	8.6	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,890	6,840	8,800	7,890	6,840	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,775	16,185	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,000	6,515	6,480	39.7	40.3	39.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	78,500	70,500	74,000	78,500	70,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	82,100	71,800	77,000	82,100	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,465	4,505	4,960	28.9	27.8	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	31,800	28,400	29,800	31,800	28,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,120	40,920	37,480	39,120	40,920	37,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2	92.4	90.0	91.2	92.4	90.0
Employment income (%)	77.0	78.2	75.8	77.0	78.2	75.8
Government transfers (%)	8.7	7.6	10.0	8.7	7.6	10.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	63,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,250	...	...	54,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...	124,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	590	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	465	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	475	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	500	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	480	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	905	...	...	5.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	975	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	955	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,620	...	...	50.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,110	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,580	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,490	...	...	14.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,435	...	...	14.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	610	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	555	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	585	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	540	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	550	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,135	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,150	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,300	...	...	42.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,130	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,735	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,435	...	...	20.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,130	4,190	3,945	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	45,600	51,200	48,800	45,600	51,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	41,600	46,800	44,400	41,600	46,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,400	...	...	144,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,000	...	...	177,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,400	...	...	149,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,990	4,105	3,885	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,600	58,100	61,200	59,600	58,100	61,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,500	49,920	53,200	51,500	49,920	53,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	39,585	19,715	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,085	4,205	3,875	20.4	21.3	19.5
0 to 5 years	2,675	1,350	1,320	6.8	6.8	6.6
18 to 64 years	25,750	12,510	13,235	65.0	63.5	66.6
65 years and over	5,755	2,995	2,760	14.5	15.2	13.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,990	1,565	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	625	330	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	230	105	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,610	835	780	...	...	...
65 years and over	760	410	350	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.6	8.0	7.2	7.6	8.0	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7	7.8	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	7.6	9.6	8.6	7.6	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.7	5.9	6.3	6.7	5.9
65 years and over (%)	13.2	13.7	12.6	13.2	13.7	12.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	39,585	19,710	19,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	13,990	7,005	6,990	35.3	35.5	35.2
In bottom decile	2,890	1,525	1,360	7.3	7.7	6.8
In second decile	2,625	1,295	1,330	6.6	6.6	6.7
In third decile	2,710	1,350	1,360	6.8	6.8	6.8
In fourth decile	2,680	1,310	1,370	6.8	6.6	6.9
In fifth decile	3,085	1,520	1,570	7.8	7.7	7.9
In top half of the distribution	25,595	12,710	12,885	64.7	64.5	64.8
In sixth decile	3,440	1,700	1,740	8.7	8.6	8.8
In seventh decile	3,965	1,925	2,040	10.0	9.8	10.3
In eighth decile	5,025	2,450	2,570	12.7	12.4	12.9
In ninth decile	6,260	3,135	3,125	15.8	15.9	15.7
In top decile	6,910	3,500	3,410	17.5	17.8	17.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	39,585	...	...	39,585	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.382	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	39,840	19,880	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,950	17,125	16,830	85.2	86.1	84.3
French only	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	5,660	2,650	3,005	14.2	13.3	15.1
Neither English nor French	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	39,840	19,880	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,720	18,815	18,905	94.7	94.6	94.7
French	1,810	910	900	4.5	4.6	4.5
English and French	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	39,840	19,880	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,490	19,225	19,265	96.6	96.7	96.5
Official languages	33,780	16,995	16,785	84.8	85.5	84.1
English	31,995	16,085	15,910	80.3	80.9	79.7
French	1,785	915	870	4.5	4.6	4.4
Non-official languages	4,705	2,230	2,485	11.8	11.2	12.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	125	200	0.8	0.6	1.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	290	115	170	0.7	0.6	0.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	235	90	145	0.6	0.5	0.7
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	115	35	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Tutchone	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Southern Tutchone	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tutchone, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,380	2,100	2,280	11.0	10.6	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,265	550	715	3.2	2.8	3.6
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	985	435	550	2.5	2.2	2.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,130	1,125	1,010	5.3	5.7	5.1
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	870	445	430	2.2	2.2	2.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	715	365	345	1.8	1.8	1.7
German	600	305	300	1.5	1.5	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	645	365	280	1.6	1.8	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	620	350	270	1.6	1.8	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	235	170	1.0	1.2	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	300	150	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	110	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	50	90	0.3	0.3	0.5
Korean	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	130	210	0.9	0.7	1.1
Chinese languages	345	130	210	0.9	0.7	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	75	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,355	660	695	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	440	225	210	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	785	375	410	2.0	1.9	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	39,840	19,880	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,040	16,645	16,395	82.9	83.7	82.2
French	740	355	385	1.9	1.8	1.9
Non-official language	955	490	470	2.4	2.5	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	940	480	460	2.4	2.4	2.3
English and French	1,275	640	630	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,555	1,625	1,930	8.9	8.2	9.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	39,840	19,880	19,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,955	19,470	19,480	97.8	97.9	97.6
Official languages	36,715	18,370	18,345	92.2	92.4	91.9
English	35,685	17,865	17,815	89.6	89.9	89.3
French	1,035	505	530	2.6	2.5	2.7
Non-official languages	2,235	1,100	1,135	5.6	5.5	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Tutchone	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,210	1,090	1,120	5.5	5.5	5.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	800	380	420	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645	310	335	1.6	1.6	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	880	465	420	2.2	2.3	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	90	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	30	30	0.1	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	495	275	225	1.2	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	485	270	215	1.2	1.4	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335	190	150	0.8	1.0	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	100	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	100	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	225	100	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	885	410	480	2.2	2.1	2.4
English and French	245	125	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	600	265	335	1.5	1.3	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	39,840	19,880	19,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,465	17,825	17,640	89.0	89.7	88.4
English	1,260	605	655	3.2	3.0	3.3
French	800	400	400	2.0	2.0	2.0
Non-official language	1,810	820	990	4.5	4.1	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	365	160	200	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-Indigenous	1,450	660	785	3.6	3.3	3.9
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	110	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	75	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	39,585	19,715	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	39,430	19,635	19,795	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	39,345	19,605	19,740	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	5,740	2,630	3,110	14.5	13.3	15.6
Non-official languages	7,425	3,525	3,900	18.8	17.9	19.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	815	385	430	2.1	2.0	2.2
Algonquian languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	705	330	375	1.8	1.7	1.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	570	250	320	1.4	1.3	1.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavey-Hare languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tahltan languages	200	115	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kaska (Nahani)	200	110	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	280	115	165	0.7	0.6	0.8
Northern Tutchone	130	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southern Tutchone	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tutchone, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	95	50	50	0.2	0.3	0.3
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	55	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktitut	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	6,625	3,140	3,485	16.7	15.9	17.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,680	745	940	4.2	3.8	4.7
Bikol	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	195	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Fijian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	115	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ilocano	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,540	675	865	3.9	3.4	4.4
Waray-Waray	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	195	80	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	45	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,735	1,925	1,815	9.4	9.8	9.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	325	160	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	325	160	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,340	685	655	3.4	3.5	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,105	575	530	2.8	2.9	2.7
German	1,060	565	500	2.7	2.9	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	95	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Greek	45	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	820	490	330	2.1	2.5	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	795	475	325	2.0	2.4	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	465	290	180	1.2	1.5	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	490	270	225	1.2	1.4	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	135	100	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,320	605	715	3.3	3.1	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,235	555	680	3.1	2.8	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	185	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	80	10	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	485	215	270	1.2	1.1	1.4
Chinese languages	485	215	270	1.2	1.1	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	260	115	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	110	175	0.7	0.6	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,590	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,810	4,190	4,615	22.3	21.3	23.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,485	4,035	4,445	21.4	20.5	22.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,935	3,320	3,615	17.5	16.8	18.2
Métis	1,285	600	685	3.2	3.0	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	260	115	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	190	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	30,780	15,520	15,255	77.7	78.7	76.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,590	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,145	2,950	3,190	15.5	15.0	16.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,445	16,765	16,680	84.5	85.1	83.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,065	...	...	64.4	...	...
Renter	5,530	...	...	32.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	585	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,055	...	...	12.0	...	...
Not condominium	15,125	...	...	88.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,885	...	...	16.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,705	...	...	27.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,995	...	...	34.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,355	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,360	...	...	37.0	...	...
5 rooms	3,025	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	2,615	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	1,945	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,230	...	...	18.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	16,775	...	...	97.6	...	...
More than one person per room	400	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,260	...	...	94.6	...	...
Not suitable	920	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,275	...	...	7.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,705	...	...	27.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,365	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,820	...	...	16.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	990	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,420	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,625	...	...	9.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,975	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	15,075	...	...	87.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,105	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,080	...	...	52.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,200	...	...	41.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	900	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	425	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,795	...	...	16.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,345	...	...	19.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,050	...	...	17.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,645	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,725	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	935	...	...	5.4	...	...
85 years and over	260	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	16,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,825	...	...	83.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,665	...	...	16.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,470	...	...	15.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,190	...	...	30.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,280	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not suitable only	725	...	...	4.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,655	...	...	9.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,995	...	...	69.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,135	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not in core need	14,160	...	...	86.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,000	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4	...	...	59.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	488,800	...	...	488,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,530	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.0	...	...	24.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	585	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	324	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	39,585	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,750	2,300	2,455	12.0	11.7	12.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,565	2,225	2,340	11.5	11.3	11.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,275	2,080	2,190	10.8	10.6	11.0
Métis single ancestry	155	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	190	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	120	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,395	2,095	2,300	11.1	10.6	11.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,300	2,035	2,270	10.9	10.3	11.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,305	1,585	1,725	8.3	8.0	8.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	885	400	485	2.2	2.0	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	30,440	15,320	15,120	76.9	77.7	76.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	39,585	19,715	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,545	18,160	18,385	92.3	92.1	92.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,910	4,115	3,795	20.0	20.9	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,640	14,045	14,595	72.4	71.2	73.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,045	1,560	1,485	7.7	7.9	7.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	39,585	19,715	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,280	16,680	16,600	84.1	84.6	83.5
Immigrants⁸¹	5,385	2,550	2,835	13.6	12.9	14.3
Before 1980	1,100	545	545	2.8	2.8	2.7
1980 to 1990	390	185	200	1.0	0.9	1.0
1991 to 2000	680	275	410	1.7	1.4	2.1
2001 to 2010	1,055	495	565	2.7	2.5	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,160	1,050	1,110	5.5	5.3	5.6
2011 to 2015	1,030	480	550	2.6	2.4	2.8
2016 to 2021	1,125	565	560	2.8	2.9	2.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	925	490	440	2.3	2.5	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,385	2,545	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	455	225	235	8.4	8.8	8.3
5 to 14 years	840	410	430	15.6	16.1	15.2
15 to 24 years	1,030	495	535	19.1	19.4	18.9
25 to 44 years	2,610	1,200	1,405	48.5	47.2	49.6
45 years and over	445	220	225	8.3	8.6	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,385	2,545	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	775	370	405	14.4	14.5	14.3
Brazil	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	15	25	0.7	0.6	0.9
Mexico	65	35	30	1.2	1.4	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	530	275	255	9.8	10.8	9.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	40	60	1.9	1.6	2.1
Europe	1,890	955	935	35.1	37.5	33.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
France	175	90	85	3.2	3.5	3.0
Germany	475	225	245	8.8	8.8	8.6
Greece	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italy	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Netherlands	100	55	45	1.9	2.2	1.6
Poland	35	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Portugal	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Romania	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Russian Federation	40	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525	225	295	9.7	8.8	10.4
Other places of birth in Europe	430	235	190	8.0	9.2	6.7
Africa	200	105	95	3.7	4.1	3.4
Algeria	0	10	0	0.0	0.4	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Somalia	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	100	55	50	1.9	2.2	1.8
Asia	2,380	1,050	1,330	44.2	41.3	46.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	85	150	4.3	3.3	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	65	15	55	1.2	0.6	1.9
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Philippines	1,405	610	795	26.1	24.0	28.0
Viet Nam	40	0	35	0.7	0.0	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	360	205	155	6.7	8.1	5.5
Pakistan	55	40	20	1.0	1.6	0.7
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	125	50	75	2.3	2.0	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140	65	75	2.6	2.6	2.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,125	570	555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	140	70	70	12.4	12.3	12.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.8
Mexico	40	20	20	3.6	3.5	3.6
United States of America	40	20	25	3.6	3.5	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	15	3.1	2.6	2.7
Europe	260	140	115	23.1	24.6	20.7
France	40	30	15	3.6	5.3	2.7
Germany	75	30	45	6.7	5.3	8.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	10	0	0.0	1.8	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	25	25	4.9	4.4	4.5
Other places of birth in Europe	80	50	30	7.1	8.8	5.4
Africa	60	40	20	5.3	7.0	3.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	0	1.8	1.8	0.0
Asia	630	300	325	56.0	52.6	58.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	2.7	1.8	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	260	155	100	23.1	27.2	18.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	15	20	3.6	2.6	3.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20	2.2	1.8	3.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	15	10	2.2	2.6	1.8
Philippines	230	95	140	20.4	16.7	25.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	35	20	20	3.1	3.5	3.6
Australia	25	10	20	2.2	1.8	3.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	39,585	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,650	3,175	3,475	16.8	16.1	17.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,335	3,140	3,195	16.0	15.9	16.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	26,600	13,395	13,205	67.2	68.0	66.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,285	1,995	2,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,955	1,445	1,505	69.0	72.4	65.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,580	815	765	36.9	40.9	33.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,375	635	740	32.1	31.8	32.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,155	465	690	27.0	23.3	30.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	140	75	70	3.3	3.8	3.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	20	0.7	0.8	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,285	1,995	2,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85	35	45	2.0	1.8	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,230	580	650	28.7	29.1	28.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	40	45	2.0	2.0	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	385	180	215	9.0	9.0	9.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,480	1,160	1,320	57.9	58.1	57.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	39,590	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,065	2,355	2,710	12.8	11.9	13.6
South Asian	1,035	570	465	2.6	2.9	2.3
Chinese	640	295	350	1.6	1.5	1.8
Black	560	275	290	1.4	1.4	1.5
Filipino	1,945	820	1,120	4.9	4.2	5.6
Arab	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	235	110	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
West Asian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	85	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
Japanese	175	90	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	140	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	34,520	17,360	17,160	87.2	88.1	86.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	39,585	19,715	19,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,680	2,405	2,275	11.8	12.2	11.4
English	9,105	4,355	4,750	23.0	22.1	23.9
Irish	7,440	3,705	3,735	18.8	18.8	18.8
Scottish	8,375	4,205	4,170	21.2	21.3	21.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,245	2,010	2,230	10.7	10.2	11.2
German	5,325	2,710	2,615	13.5	13.7	13.2
Chinese	835	385	450	2.1	2.0	2.3
Italian	710	355	355	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indian (India)	710	380	335	1.8	1.9	1.7
Ukrainian	1,975	920	1,050	5.0	4.7	5.3
Dutch	1,825	880	945	4.6	4.5	4.8
Polish	985	450	535	2.5	2.3	2.7
Québécois	155	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,330	640	685	3.4	3.2	3.4
Filipino	1,780	745	1,030	4.5	3.8	5.2
French Canadian	600	310	290	1.5	1.6	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	940	480	460	2.4	2.4	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,545	1,720	1,825	9.0	8.7	9.2
Métis	1,235	565	670	3.1	2.9	3.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	955	500	450	2.4	2.5	2.3
Russian	660	285	375	1.7	1.4	1.9
Norwegian	1,490	725	765	3.8	3.7	3.9
Welsh	1,150	505	640	2.9	2.6	3.2
Portuguese	95	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	655	345	305	1.7	1.7	1.5
Spanish	395	195	195	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	865	435	430	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hungarian	400	195	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	260	115	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	85	70	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	230	105	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	90	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	65	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jamaican	70	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	455	180	275	1.1	0.9	1.4
Korean	100	25	70	0.3	0.1	0.4
Romanian	180	65	115	0.5	0.3	0.6
Lebanese	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	440	225	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	500	275	225	1.3	1.4	1.1
Sikh	115	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	310	175	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Belgian	305	165	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	145	95	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	235	120	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swiss	435	235	200	1.1	1.2	1.0
Finnish	370	175	190	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	130	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	275	125	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	245	115	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Muslim	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egyptian	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	245	115	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Colombian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	220	125	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	100	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	190	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovak	115	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	100	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	100	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	80	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Abenaki	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Nova Scotian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	39,590	19,710	19,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	110	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Christian	13,860	6,425	7,435	35.0	32.6	37.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,560	1,210	1,355	6.5	6.1	6.8
Anabaptist	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	1,995	920	1,075	5.0	4.7	5.4
Baptist	645	295	345	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	5,690	2,645	3,050	14.4	13.4	15.3
Christian Orthodox	130	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	395	180	210	1.0	0.9	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	115	155	0.7	0.6	0.8
Presbyterian	125	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	955	385	565	2.4	2.0	2.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	700	345	350	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hindu	265	160	105	0.7	0.8	0.5
Jewish	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	185	125	60	0.5	0.6	0.3
Sikh	380	185	200	1.0	0.9	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	325	165	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	600	240	360	1.5	1.2	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	23,640	12,255	11,385	59.7	62.2	57.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,175	19,520	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,205	16,705	16,505	84.8	85.6	84.0
Movers	5,965	2,815	3,150	15.2	14.4	16.0
Non-migrants	3,895	1,815	2,085	9.9	9.3	10.6
Migrants	2,070	1,000	1,070	5.3	5.1	5.4
Internal migrants	1,825	910	915	4.7	4.7	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	480	220	260	1.2	1.1	1.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,340	685	655	3.4	3.5	3.3
External migrants	245	95	150	0.6	0.5	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	37,410	18,645	18,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,500	10,360	10,140	54.8	55.6	54.0
Movers	16,910	8,290	8,625	45.2	44.5	46.0
Non-migrants	7,920	3,965	3,955	21.2	21.3	21.1
Migrants	8,990	4,320	4,665	24.0	23.2	24.9
Internal migrants	7,490	3,520	3,970	20.0	18.9	21.2
Intraprovincial migrants	2,465	1,155	1,310	6.6	6.2	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	5,020	2,360	2,660	13.4	12.7	14.2
External migrants	1,505	805	700	4.0	4.3	3.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,775	16,185	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,840	3,570	2,265	17.8	22.1	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,940	12,610	14,330	82.2	77.9	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,895	10,955	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,815	1,770	1,050	12.3	16.2	8.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,075	9,180	10,895	87.7	83.8	91.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,775	16,185	16,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,860	2,905	1,950	14.8	17.9	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,370	4,205	4,165	25.5	26.0	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,555	9,070	10,480	59.7	56.0	63.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,585	5,450	5,135	32.3	33.7	31.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,145	2,500	645	9.6	15.4	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,095	685	410	3.3	4.2	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,050	1,815	235	6.3	11.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,270	2,490	3,785	19.1	15.4	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170	460	710	3.6	2.8	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,965	3,620	5,345	27.4	22.4	32.2
Bachelor's degree	5,625	2,300	3,330	17.2	14.2	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	185	340	1.6	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,415	925	1,485	7.4	5.7	9.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	135	110	0.7	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,895	10,950	11,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,230	1,385	845	9.7	12.6	7.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,180	2,715	2,465	22.6	24.8	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,490	6,855	8,635	67.7	62.6	72.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,950	3,960	3,990	34.7	36.2	33.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,195	1,715	475	9.6	15.7	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	740	445	290	3.2	4.1	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,460	1,275	185	6.4	11.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,855	1,905	2,955	21.2	17.4	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	900	340	560	3.9	3.1	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,540	2,900	4,645	32.9	26.5	38.9
Bachelor's degree	4,695	1,845	2,850	20.5	16.8	23.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	165	280	1.9	1.5	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,090	730	1,360	9.1	6.7	11.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	100	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,780	16,180	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,225	7,110	6,115	40.3	43.9	36.8
Education	1,635	460	1,180	5.0	2.8	7.1
13. Education	1,635	460	1,180	5.0	2.8	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	530	190	340	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	490	165	325	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	1,075	445	625	3.3	2.8	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	200	75	130	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	150	210	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	65	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	180	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,600	910	1,690	7.9	5.6	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	140	140	0.9	0.9	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455	60	390	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	295	105	185	0.9	0.6	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	350	85	265	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,055	470	585	3.2	2.9	3.5
Business, management and public administration	3,495	995	2,505	10.7	6.1	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	605	170	440	1.8	1.1	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,890	825	2,065	8.8	5.1	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975	500	470	3.0	3.1	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	215	230	1.4	1.3	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	90	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	250	150	105	0.8	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	480	280	205	1.5	1.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	215	135	1.1	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	65	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,880	3,445	435	11.8	21.3	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	170	100	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	605	455	150	1.8	2.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	625	550	70	1.9	3.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	1,255	1,160	90	3.8	7.2	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	965	930	40	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	255	245	15	0.8	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,070	580	490	3.3	3.6	3.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	145	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	810	430	385	2.5	2.7	2.3
Health and related fields	2,475	545	1,930	7.6	3.4	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	130	170	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,120	385	1,735	6.5	2.4	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,335	725	610	4.1	4.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	710	265	445	2.2	1.6	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	290	160	135	0.9	1.0	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	295	35	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,895	10,955	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,405	4,100	3,305	32.3	37.4	27.7
Education	1,255	355	900	5.5	3.2	7.5
13. Education	1,255	355	900	5.5	3.2	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	145	270	1.8	1.3	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	385	130	255	1.7	1.2	2.1
Humanities	780	300	475	3.4	2.7	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	15	60	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	150	50	95	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	85	150	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	145	60	90	0.6	0.5	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,165	690	1,475	9.5	6.3	12.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	110	140	1.1	1.0	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	40	300	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	255	80	180	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	30	70	0.4	0.3	0.6
42. Psychology	295	70	230	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	885	350	530	3.9	3.2	4.4
Business, management and public administration	2,775	730	2,045	12.1	6.7	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	110	370	2.1	1.0	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,295	620	1,675	10.0	5.7	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	825	395	425	3.6	3.6	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	185	205	1.7	1.7	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	70	100	0.7	0.6	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	205	115	95	0.9	1.0	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	435	260	175	1.9	2.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	205	115	1.4	1.9	1.0
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,825	2,460	365	12.3	22.5	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	140	75	65	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	510	380	130	2.2	3.5	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440	390	50	1.9	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	915	840	80	4.0	7.7	0.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	685	655	30	3.0	6.0	0.3
48. Precision production	135	125	10	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905	445	460	4.0	4.1	3.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210	105	105	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	695	340	355	3.0	3.1	3.0
Health and related fields	2,070	495	1,570	9.0	4.5	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	120	130	1.1	1.1	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,785	365	1,420	7.8	3.3	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,050	575	475	4.6	5.2	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	560	225	325	2.4	2.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	250	125	125	1.1	1.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	220	25	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,895	10,955	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,405	4,100	3,305	32.3	37.4	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,490	6,855	8,635	67.7	62.6	72.3
Location of study inside Canada	12,730	5,645	7,090	55.6	51.5	59.4
Same as province or territory of residence	2,880	1,240	1,640	12.6	11.3	13.7
Different than province or territory of residence	9,850	4,405	5,445	43.0	40.2	45.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,760	1,215	1,545	12.1	11.1	12.9
Americas	490	210	275	2.1	1.9	2.3
United States of America	405	175	230	1.8	1.6	1.9
Mexico	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	920	420	495	4.0	3.8	4.1
Belgium	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
France	155	85	65	0.7	0.8	0.5
Germany	215	100	110	0.9	0.9	0.9
Netherlands	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205	65	140	0.9	0.6	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.6
Africa	65	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	30	30	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,160	475	685	5.1	4.3	5.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	730	280	445	3.2	2.6	3.7
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	90	100	0.9	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	35	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	130	65	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Australia	95	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,775	16,185	16,595	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,515	11,580	11,935	...	...	...
Employed	21,905	10,730	11,175	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,610	850	760	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	9,260	4,605	4,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	71.7	71.5	71.9	71.7	71.5	71.9
Employment rate	66.8	66.3	67.3	66.8	66.3	67.3
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.3	6.4	6.8	7.3	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,780	16,180	16,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,935	4,395	4,540	27.3	27.2	27.4
Worked	23,845	11,785	12,055	72.7	72.8	72.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,415	6,755	6,655	40.9	41.7	40.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,430	5,030	5,400	31.8	31.1	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.8	41.8	41.8	41.8	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,520	11,585	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	200	180	1.6	1.7	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,140	11,380	11,755	98.4	98.2	98.5
Employee	19,945	9,495	10,455	84.8	82.0	87.6
Permanent position	15,505	7,415	8,095	65.9	64.0	67.8
Temporary position	4,440	2,080	2,360	18.9	18.0	19.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,395	645	750	5.9	5.6	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,050	1,440	1,610	13.0	12.4	13.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,190	1,890	1,305	13.6	16.3	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,520	11,585	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	200	180	1.6	1.7	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,140	11,380	11,755	98.4	98.2	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	185	235	1.8	1.6	2.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,215	1,010	3,210	17.9	8.7	26.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,635	1,140	500	7.0	9.8	4.2
3 Health occupations	1,525	290	1,235	6.5	2.5	10.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,420	1,460	2,965	18.8	12.6	24.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	805	355	450	3.4	3.1	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	4,735	2,230	2,500	20.1	19.2	20.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,270	3,875	395	18.2	33.4	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	715	525	190	3.0	4.5	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	400	325	70	1.7	2.8	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,520	11,585	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	200	180	1.6	1.7	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	23,140	11,380	11,755	98.4	98.2	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	365	220	145	1.6	1.9	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	675	495	180	2.9	4.3	1.5
22 Utilities	215	165	45	0.9	1.4	0.4
23 Construction	2,045	1,790	255	8.7	15.5	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	300	210	90	1.3	1.8	0.8
41 Wholesale trade	290	200	90	1.2	1.7	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	2,230	1,260	970	9.5	10.9	8.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	865	590	275	3.7	5.1	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	555	305	245	2.4	2.6	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	320	125	195	1.4	1.1	1.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	170	135	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,240	655	585	5.3	5.7	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610	410	200	2.6	3.5	1.7
61 Educational services	1,730	490	1,240	7.4	4.2	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	2,745	570	2,180	11.7	4.9	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	635	280	355	2.7	2.4	3.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,285	560	725	5.5	4.8	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	945	440	505	4.0	3.8	4.2
91 Public administration	5,785	2,450	3,330	24.6	21.1	27.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,520	12,575	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,080	11,965	12,110	94.4	95.1	93.5
French	225	60	165	0.9	0.5	1.3
Non-official language	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	705	320	385	2.8	2.5	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	425	190	235	1.7	1.5	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,520	12,575	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	25,380	12,510	12,865	99.5	99.5	99.4
Official languages	25,290	12,460	12,830	99.1	99.1	99.1
English	24,970	12,370	12,600	97.8	98.4	97.3
French	315	90	230	1.2	0.7	1.8
Non-official languages	95	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	50	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	90	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,520	12,575	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,485	12,125	12,360	95.9	96.4	95.5
English	125	45	85	0.5	0.4	0.7
French	540	255	285	2.1	2.0	2.2
Non-official language	345	145	200	1.4	1.2	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	125	50	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-Indigenous	220	95	130	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,905	10,730	11,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,495	1,105	1,385	11.4	10.3	12.4
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,615	1,965	650	11.9	18.3	5.8
Usual place of work	16,785	7,645	9,135	76.6	71.2	81.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,780	7,645	9,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,810	6,230	7,575	82.3	81.5	83.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,205	1,040	1,165	13.1	13.6	12.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different province or territory	770	375	390	4.6	4.9	4.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,395	9,615	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,410	8,265	8,145	84.6	86.0	83.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,050	7,825	7,220	77.6	81.4	73.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,360	435	930	7.0	4.5	9.5
Public transit	485	205	280	2.5	2.1	2.9
Walked	1,675	680	995	8.6	7.1	10.2
Bicycle	470	275	195	2.4	2.9	2.0
Other method	360	190	170	1.9	2.0	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,395	9,615	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,020	4,945	5,070	51.7	51.4	51.8
15 to 29 minutes	7,180	3,510	3,670	37.0	36.5	37.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,275	645	630	6.6	6.7	6.4
45 to 59 minutes	435	205	230	2.2	2.1	2.4
60 minutes and over	485	310	180	2.5	3.2	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,395	9,615	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	520	315	205	2.7	3.3	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,060	1,210	845	10.6	12.6	8.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,045	3,050	3,000	31.2	31.7	30.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,875	3,005	3,865	35.4	31.3	39.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,120	1,055	1,065	10.9	11.0	10.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,780	980	800	9.2	10.2	8.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,210	4,280	3,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,160	610	545	14.1	14.3	13.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,050	3,675	3,380	85.9	85.9	86.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,845	3,075	2,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810	425	380	13.9	13.8	13.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	300	280	9.8	9.8	10.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	130	105	4.0	4.2	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,030	2,645	2,385	86.1	86.0	86.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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