Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	York, County (CT)More information: New Brunswick [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	105,261	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	99,453^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,294	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,259	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,095.10	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,260	51,385	53,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,310	8,300	8,005	15.5	16.2	14.9
0 to 4 years	4,750	2,480	2,260	4.5	4.8	4.2
5 to 9 years	5,760	2,915	2,845	5.5	5.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,800	2,910	2,895	5.5	5.7	5.4
15 to 64 years	68,040	33,570	34,470	64.6	65.3	64.0
15 to 19 years	5,830	2,965	2,870	5.5	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	7,475	3,805	3,670	7.1	7.4	6.8
25 to 29 years	6,795	3,455	3,340	6.5	6.7	6.2
30 to 34 years	6,505	3,205	3,300	6.2	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	6,950	3,420	3,530	6.6	6.7	6.6
40 to 44 years	6,655	3,210	3,440	6.3	6.2	6.4
45 to 49 years	6,715	3,235	3,480	6.4	6.3	6.5
50 to 54 years	6,585	3,250	3,335	6.3	6.3	6.2
55 to 59 years	7,460	3,620	3,840	7.1	7.0	7.1
60 to 64 years	7,065	3,410	3,655	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over	20,915	9,510	11,405	19.9	18.5	21.2
65 to 69 years	6,580	3,085	3,495	6.3	6.0	6.5
70 to 74 years	5,710	2,710	3,000	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	3,855	1,780	2,075	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,550	1,135	1,410	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,220	800	1,415	2.1	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,385	530	850	1.3	1.0	1.6
90 to 94 years	645	215	430	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	170	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.2	14.9	15.5	16.2	14.9
15 to 64 years	64.6	65.3	64.0	64.6	65.3	64.0
65 years and over	19.9	18.5	21.2	19.9	18.5	21.2
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	42.2	41.2	43.1	42.2	41.2	43.1
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.2	42.0	40.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,395	...	...	60.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	935	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	1,295	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,720	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,205	...	...	22.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,105	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,170	...	...	29.1	...	...
2 persons	17,560	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	6,535	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	5,385	...	...	11.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,600	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,770	50,760	53,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,955	43,080	45,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,095	26,015	26,085	58.6	60.4	56.9
Married	42,030	20,985	21,040	47.2	48.7	45.9
Living common-law	10,065	5,030	5,040	11.3	11.7	11.0
Living common law - Never married	7,310	3,650	3,655	8.2	8.5	8.0
Living common law - Separated	575	300	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,955	980	975	2.2	2.3	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	230	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	36,860	17,070	19,790	41.4	39.6	43.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,220	12,940	11,285	27.2	30.0	24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,605	1,115	1,485	2.9	2.6	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,130	1,985	3,150	5.8	4.6	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,895	1,035	3,865	5.5	2.4	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,150	...	...	56.9	...	...
3 persons	6,000	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	5,020	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,985	...	...	6.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,655	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	20,620	...	...	68.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,590	...	...	31.8	...	...
Without children	11,030	...	...	36.6	...	...
Common-law couples	5,035	...	...	16.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,815	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	3,215	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,500	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,485	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,015	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,765	50,760	53,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,080	41,030	42,050	80.1	80.8	79.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,310	25,615	25,695	49.4	50.5	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,500	1,020	3,485	4.3	2.0	6.6
Children⁶	27,270	14,400	12,875	26.3	28.4	24.3
In a two-parent family	20,615	10,745	9,865	19.9	21.2	18.6
In a one-parent family	6,660	3,650	3,005	6.4	7.2	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,690	9,735	10,955	19.9	19.2	20.7
Living alone	13,175	5,755	7,415	12.7	11.3	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,865	785	1,080	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	5,655	3,195	2,460	5.4	6.3	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,645	...	...	61.1	...	...
Couple-family households	23,955	...	...	52.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,645	...	...	23.5	...	...
Without children	13,315	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,690	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	740	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,080	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,460	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	13,170	...	...	29.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	87,475	42,465	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,335	40,890	43,445	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	37,200	40,800	45,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,370	40,915	43,455	96.5	96.3	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,600	36,400	40,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,195	37,645	38,550	87.1	88.6	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,000	35,200	41,200	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,080	31,185	29,895	69.8	73.4	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,400	36,000	40,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,425	29,115	36,310	74.8	68.6	80.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	10,600	10,900	10,800	10,600	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,395	5,250	5,145	11.9	12.4	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,920	5,520	5,720	5,920	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,875	9,935	10,940	23.9	23.4	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500	8,000	7,500	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	87,430	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,300	40,855	43,445	96.4	96.3	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720	57,400	44,480	50,720	57,400	44,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,335	40,885	43,450	96.5	96.3	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320	47,080	37,840	42,320	47,080	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,140	37,570	38,565	87.1	88.5	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,520	53,950	39,240	46,520	53,950	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,075	31,210	29,865	69.9	73.5	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,720	51,800	39,360	45,720	51,800	39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,225	29,005	36,215	74.6	68.3	80.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,290	10,980	11,540	11,290	10,980	11,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,170	5,150	5,020	11.6	12.1	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,910	6,710	6,810	6,910	6,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,550	9,865	10,690	23.5	23.2	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,510	8,350	8,650	8,510	8,350	8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	87,435	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,320	17,010	14,310	35.8	40.1	31.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	63,200	53,600	58,800	63,200	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	74,000	60,550	67,900	74,000	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,135	10,750	12,385	26.5	25.3	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	18,000	14,600	15,900	18,000	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,980	26,960	21,380	23,980	26,960	21,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8	86.4	78.4	82.8	86.4	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	69.0	60.8	65.2	69.0	60.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.2	13.6	21.6	17.2	13.6	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.9	4.9	4.1	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.5	4.8	4.1	3.5	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	87,470	42,465	45,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,135	1,575	1,565	3.6	3.7	3.5
With total income	84,340	40,890	43,445	96.4	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,720	2,950	3,770	8.0	7.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,700	3,805	5,895	11.5	9.3	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,410	5,815	7,595	15.9	14.2	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,495	5,205	6,285	13.6	12.7	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,555	4,770	5,785	12.5	11.7	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,955	3,845	4,105	9.4	9.4	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,180	3,440	2,740	7.3	8.4	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	2,635	2,145	5.7	6.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	2,035	1,740	4.5	5.0	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,680	1,540	1,140	3.2	3.8	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,090	4,850	2,240	8.4	11.9	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	4,980	3,310	1,670	5.9	8.1	3.8
$150,000 and over	2,110	1,540	570	2.5	3.8	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	87,470	42,465	45,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,105	1,550	1,555	3.5	3.7	3.5
With after-tax income	84,370	40,915	43,455	96.5	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,140	3,050	4,095	8.5	7.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,125	3,995	6,130	12.0	9.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,755	7,055	8,700	18.7	17.2	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,120	6,370	7,750	16.7	15.6	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,705	5,615	6,085	13.9	13.7	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,475	4,485	3,990	10.0	11.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,070	3,345	2,730	7.2	8.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,000	2,240	1,755	4.7	5.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	1,510	845	2.8	3.7	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,425	975	445	1.7	2.4	1.0
$100,000 and over	3,195	2,270	930	3.8	5.5	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,695	1,165	525	2.0	2.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,505	1,100	405	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	87,470	42,465	45,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,395	11,280	15,110	30.2	26.6	33.6
With employment income	61,080	31,185	29,895	69.8	73.4	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,610	3,625	3,985	12.5	11.6	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,265	2,315	2,950	8.6	7.4	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,560	3,495	4,070	12.4	11.2	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,235	3,090	3,145	10.2	9.9	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,260	2,895	3,365	10.2	9.3	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,925	2,775	3,150	9.7	8.9	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,840	2,495	2,350	7.9	8.0	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,150	2,380	1,770	6.8	7.6	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,275	1,855	1,420	5.4	5.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	1,460	1,335	4.6	4.7	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,160	840	3.3	3.7	2.8
$100,000 and over	5,155	3,640	1,510	8.4	11.7	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,555	1,715	840	4.2	5.5	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,600	1,925	675	4.3	6.2	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	87,475	42,465	45,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,580	39,970	42,610	94.4	94.1	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	33,600	38,400	44,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,645	39,980	42,665	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,800	34,400	38,800	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,150	37,100	38,045	85.9	87.4	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,600	30,200	35,200	41,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,860	31,030	29,825	69.6	73.1	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	32,400	36,000	40,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,715	24,725	32,990	66.0	58.2	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	7,350	7,450	7,400	7,350	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,660	4,475	4,185	9.9	10.5	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	6,040	5,640	5,840	6,040	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	87,430	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,300	39,915	42,380	94.1	94.1	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120	55,250	41,440	48,120	55,250	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,360	39,925	42,435	94.2	94.1	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,120	35,200	40,000	45,120	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,810	36,970	37,840	85.6	87.1	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,280	54,000	38,720	46,280	54,000	38,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,600	31,000	29,600	69.3	73.0	65.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,720	51,800	39,360	45,720	51,800	39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,415	24,745	32,670	65.7	58.3	72.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,430	8,900	8,700	8,430	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,360	4,360	4,005	9.6	10.3	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	6,970	7,370	7,160	6,970	7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	87,435	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,060	16,895	14,160	35.5	39.8	31.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	59,600	50,400	54,800	59,600	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,800	69,800	56,700	63,800	69,800	56,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,345	9,935	11,405	24.4	23.4	25.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	17,800	20,400	23,000	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	32,920	25,720	29,080	32,920	25,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.6	83.4	87.4	90.6	83.4
Employment income (%)	70.0	72.8	66.4	70.0	72.8	66.4
Government transfers (%)	12.6	9.5	16.6	12.6	9.5	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,640	...	...	49,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,760	...	...	41,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	720	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,895	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,550	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,685	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,915	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,955	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,620	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,560	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,315	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,660	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,990	...	...	35.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,245	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,720	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,080	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,945	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	435	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	610	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	755	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,085	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,850	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,980	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,305	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,290	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,395	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,170	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,835	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,795	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,780	...	...	26.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,060	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,065	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,650	...	...	8.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,825	8,950	9,875	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,200	36,000	36,400	37,200	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,600	33,200	33,200	33,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	114,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...	144,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,805	8,930	9,880	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,520	45,320	43,840	44,520	45,320	43,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960	38,200	37,760	37,960	38,200	37,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,770	50,765	53,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,660	10,015	9,640	18.9	19.7	18.2
0 to 5 years	5,820	3,050	2,775	5.6	6.0	5.2
18 to 64 years	64,265	31,600	32,665	61.9	62.2	61.6
65 years and over	19,845	9,145	10,695	19.1	18.0	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,840	5,980	6,855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,930	1,550	1,385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	935	500	440	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,960	3,300	3,660	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,940	1,130	1,805	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	11.8	12.9	12.4	11.8	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	15.5	14.4	14.9	15.5	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.3	15.9	16.1	16.3	15.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	10.4	11.2	10.8	10.4	11.2
65 years and over (%)	14.8	12.4	16.9	14.8	12.4	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	102,185	49,965	52,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,170	9,750	9,420	18.8	19.5	18.0
0 to 5 years	5,685	2,965	2,715	5.6	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	63,320	31,135	32,190	62.0	62.3	61.6
65 years and over	19,690	9,080	10,615	19.3	18.2	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,515	2,310	2,210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	755	420	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	125	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,520	1,800	1,715	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	85	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	4.3	3.5	3.9	4.3	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.2	3.4	3.8	4.2	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.8	5.3	5.6	5.8	5.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,770	50,765	53,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,355	27,715	29,635	55.3	54.6	55.9
In bottom decile	11,790	5,635	6,155	11.4	11.1	11.6
In second decile	11,835	5,630	6,205	11.4	11.1	11.7
In third decile	11,555	5,545	6,010	11.1	10.9	11.3
In fourth decile	11,135	5,450	5,685	10.7	10.7	10.7
In fifth decile	11,035	5,460	5,580	10.6	10.8	10.5
In top half of the distribution	46,410	23,045	23,365	44.7	45.4	44.1
In sixth decile	10,535	5,205	5,330	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	10,245	5,060	5,185	9.9	10.0	9.8
In eighth decile	9,895	4,895	5,000	9.5	9.6	9.4
In ninth decile	8,750	4,375	4,380	8.4	8.6	8.3
In top decile	6,985	3,510	3,475	6.7	6.9	6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,765	...	...	103,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423	...	...	0.423	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,215	50,945	53,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80,495	40,485	40,005	77.2	79.5	75.1
French only	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	23,010	10,120	12,890	22.1	19.9	24.2
Neither English nor French	385	190	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,215	50,945	53,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,755	47,535	49,220	92.8	93.3	92.4
French	6,430	2,935	3,500	6.2	5.8	6.6
English and French	680	310	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,215	50,945	53,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,655	49,725	51,925	97.5	97.6	97.5
Official languages	94,015	45,855	48,160	90.2	90.0	90.4
English	87,665	42,965	44,705	84.1	84.3	83.9
French	6,350	2,890	3,460	6.1	5.7	6.5
Non-official languages	7,635	3,870	3,765	7.3	7.6	7.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,485	3,790	3,695	7.2	7.4	6.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,460	770	690	1.4	1.5	1.3
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,445	765	685	1.4	1.5	1.3
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,355	715	640	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	415	170	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	135	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,515	1,795	1,720	3.4	3.5	3.2
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	750	370	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	725	360	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	420	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	590	285	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	300	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,345	755	590	1.3	1.5	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	960	550	410	0.9	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	210	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	385	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	315	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	295	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	785	370	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	485	225	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,010	515	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Chinese languages	990	505	490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	835	430	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,565	1,220	1,345	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and French	1,320	595	720	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	510	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,215	50,945	53,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,335	43,775	45,560	85.7	85.9	85.5
French	2,505	1,180	1,330	2.4	2.3	2.5
Non-official language	2,120	1,100	1,020	2.0	2.2	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,105	1,090	1,020	2.0	2.1	1.9
English and French	4,185	1,855	2,335	4.0	3.6	4.4
English and non-official language(s)	5,290	2,685	2,605	5.1	5.3	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	555	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,215	50,945	53,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,130	49,900	52,235	98.0	97.9	98.1
Official languages	97,710	47,630	50,075	93.8	93.5	94.0
English	94,365	46,090	48,275	90.5	90.5	90.6
French	3,345	1,545	1,800	3.2	3.0	3.4
Non-official languages	4,425	2,270	2,160	4.2	4.5	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,400	2,250	2,145	4.2	4.4	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,015	515	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,010	510	495	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	950	480	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,865	970	895	1.8	1.9	1.7
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	465	245	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	240	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	305	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	865	460	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	585	330	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	280	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	440	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	360	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Chinese languages	690	355	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	620	320	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,080	1,045	1,040	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and French	740	350	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,230	635	595	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,215	50,950	53,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	95,715	46,940	48,775	91.8	92.1	91.6
English	2,540	1,250	1,295	2.4	2.5	2.4
French	2,790	1,210	1,580	2.7	2.4	3.0
Non-official language	2,255	1,090	1,160	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,110	1,025	1,085	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	255	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,770	50,775	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	103,385	50,605	52,780	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	103,060	50,460	52,595	99.3	99.4	99.2
French	23,320	10,445	12,875	22.5	20.6	24.3
Non-official languages	11,025	5,410	5,610	10.6	10.7	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	405	220	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	390	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mi'kmaq	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	305	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,630	5,200	5,425	10.2	10.2	10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,100	1,080	1,025	2.0	2.1	1.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,035	1,045	985	2.0	2.1	1.9
Amharic	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	1,800	925	880	1.7	1.8	1.7
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	710	305	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	610	240	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,485	2,635	2,845	5.3	5.2	5.4
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	875	425	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	845	405	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	550	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,005	475	530	1.0	0.9	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	735	325	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	730	325	405	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,780	950	830	1.7	1.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,425	745	685	1.4	1.5	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	245	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	770	405	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	355	185	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	235	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	370	220	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	335	210	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	320	190	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	810	1,115	1.9	1.6	2.1
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,580	635	945	1.5	1.3	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	510	260	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	30	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	125	25	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,165	620	545	1.1	1.2	1.0
Chinese languages	1,160	620	540	1.1	1.2	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,055	570	485	1.0	1.1	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,765	50,775	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,820	2,270	2,545	4.6	4.5	4.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,530	2,130	2,395	4.4	4.2	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,600	1,705	1,890	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis	810	365	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	98,945	48,500	50,445	95.4	95.5	95.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,765	50,775	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,960	1,395	1,560	2.9	2.7	2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,810	49,380	51,430	97.2	97.3	97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,125	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	13,630	...	...	30.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	510	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,995	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	43,260	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,185	...	...	9.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,775	...	...	28.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,470	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,655	...	...	28.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,590	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	7,445	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,680	...	...	14.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,535	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,010	...	...	33.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,780	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,935	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,325	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,195	...	...	18.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,980	...	...	28.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,770	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,195	...	...	13.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,075	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,385	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,080	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,585	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,065	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,195	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,075	...	...	51.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,915	...	...	46.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,270	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,540	...	...	5.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,485	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,465	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,415	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,420	...	...	18.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,380	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,145	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,410	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,700	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,725	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,105	...	...	13.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,420	...	...	23.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,025	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,065	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,530	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,835	...	...	77.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,350	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not in core need	40,460	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,990	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,075	...	...	1,075	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	236,000	...	...	236,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	257,600	...	...	257,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.6	...	...	31.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,048	...	...	1,048	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	505	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	61	...	...	61	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,770	50,775	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,550	1,220	1,330	2.5	2.4	2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,550	1,220	1,330	2.5	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,350	1,115	1,240	2.3	2.2	2.3
Métis single ancestry	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,885	1,755	2,130	3.7	3.5	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,755	1,675	2,075	3.6	3.3	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,035	1,360	1,680	2.9	2.7	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	670	290	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,335	47,800	49,535	93.8	94.1	93.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,770	50,775	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,115	47,415	49,700	93.6	93.4	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,185	9,185	9,005	17.5	18.1	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,930	38,235	40,700	76.1	75.3	76.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,650	3,355	3,290	6.4	6.6	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,770	50,775	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	92,410	45,190	47,215	89.1	89.0	89.1
Immigrants⁸¹	9,545	4,615	4,940	9.2	9.1	9.3
Before 1980	1,725	740	980	1.7	1.5	1.8
1980 to 1990	500	240	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	805	350	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
2001 to 2010	1,610	815	795	1.6	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,915	2,465	2,450	4.7	4.9	4.6
2011 to 2015	1,145	580	570	1.1	1.1	1.1
2016 to 2021	3,765	1,885	1,880	3.6	3.7	3.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,810	975	840	1.7	1.9	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,545	4,610	4,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,095	535	565	11.5	11.6	11.4
5 to 14 years	2,035	1,025	1,015	21.3	22.2	20.6
15 to 24 years	1,320	550	770	13.8	11.9	15.6
25 to 44 years	4,395	2,085	2,305	46.0	45.2	46.7
45 years and over	705	415	290	7.4	9.0	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,545	4,610	4,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,410	645	770	14.8	14.0	15.6
Brazil	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	40	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	25	50	0.7	0.5	1.0
Mexico	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	960	445	515	10.1	9.7	10.4
Other places of birth in Americas	190	95	100	2.0	2.1	2.0
Europe	2,475	1,155	1,320	25.9	25.1	26.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.8
Croatia	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
France	90	50	40	0.9	1.1	0.8
Germany	280	110	170	2.9	2.4	3.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Netherlands	160	100	65	1.7	2.2	1.3
Poland	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portugal	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Romania	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
Russian Federation	140	70	70	1.5	1.5	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	175	75	100	1.8	1.6	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,085	515	570	11.4	11.2	11.6
Other places of birth in Europe	250	105	150	2.6	2.3	3.0
Africa	1,245	660	585	13.0	14.3	11.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	75	110	1.9	1.6	2.2
Egypt	315	185	130	3.3	4.0	2.6
Eritrea	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ethiopia	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Morocco	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	160	80	80	1.7	1.7	1.6
Somalia	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	400	230	170	4.2	5.0	3.4
Asia	4,350	2,115	2,240	45.6	45.9	45.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	240	145	100	2.5	3.1	2.0
Iraq	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanon	225	110	115	2.4	2.4	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	515	250	265	5.4	5.4	5.4
Turkey	60	30	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	725	375	350	7.6	8.1	7.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	180	85	95	1.9	1.8	1.9
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Philippines	595	235	360	6.2	5.1	7.3
Viet Nam	160	90	70	1.7	2.0	1.4
Bangladesh	180	105	70	1.9	2.3	1.4
India	515	265	245	5.4	5.7	5.0
Pakistan	165	90	75	1.7	2.0	1.5
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	625	255	375	6.5	5.5	7.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,765	1,885	1,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	305	150	150	8.1	8.0	8.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
United States of America	135	75	60	3.6	4.0	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	85	50	40	2.3	2.7	2.1
Europe	385	215	170	10.2	11.4	9.0
France	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	50	50	2.5	2.7	2.7
Ukraine	110	55	55	2.9	2.9	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	30	1.7	1.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	85	50	30	2.3	2.7	1.6
Africa	800	400	395	21.2	21.2	21.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	60	35	25	1.6	1.9	1.3
Cameroon	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	35	95	3.3	1.9	5.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	240	135	105	6.4	7.2	5.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	150	70	75	4.0	3.7	4.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	35	20	10	0.9	1.1	0.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	65	40	2.8	3.4	2.1
Asia	2,270	1,110	1,160	60.3	58.9	61.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	100	55	45	2.7	2.9	2.4
China⁹⁰	280	150	135	7.4	8.0	7.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	315	175	135	8.4	9.3	7.2
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	40	2.4	2.7	2.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	60	25	35	1.6	1.3	1.9
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanon	65	25	40	1.7	1.3	2.1
Nepal	60	25	35	1.6	1.3	1.9
Pakistan	100	50	50	2.7	2.7	2.7
Philippines	355	155	195	9.4	8.2	10.4
Saudi Arabia	65	35	35	1.7	1.9	1.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	500	240	260	13.3	12.7	13.8
Turkey	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8
United Arab Emirates	75	15	55	2.0	0.8	2.9
Viet Nam	60	45	15	1.6	2.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	30	1.5	1.1	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,770	50,775	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,440	6,090	6,355	12.0	12.0	12.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,735	4,325	4,410	8.4	8.5	8.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	82,590	40,360	42,225	79.6	79.5	79.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,825	3,870	3,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,270	2,715	2,550	67.3	70.2	64.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,020	1,365	650	25.8	35.3	16.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,245	1,350	1,895	41.5	34.9	47.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,180	440	740	15.1	11.4	18.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,360	705	660	17.4	18.2	16.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,825	3,870	3,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	50	20	0.9	1.3	0.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	980	505	480	12.5	13.0	12.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	425	200	230	5.4	5.2	5.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	650	375	275	8.3	9.7	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	35	0.5	0.3	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,660	2,740	2,920	72.3	70.8	73.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,765	50,775	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,535	4,750	4,785	9.2	9.4	9.0
South Asian	1,950	990	960	1.9	1.9	1.8
Chinese	1,265	640	630	1.2	1.3	1.2
Black	2,025	975	1,045	2.0	1.9	2.0
Filipino	710	300	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Arab	1,600	820	780	1.5	1.6	1.5
Latin American	565	275	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
West Asian	440	240	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	94,230	46,025	48,210	90.8	90.6	91.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,770	50,775	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,545	8,685	8,865	16.9	17.1	16.7
English	26,475	12,700	13,775	25.5	25.0	26.0
Irish	27,615	12,960	14,655	26.6	25.5	27.7
Scottish	27,370	13,070	14,300	26.4	25.7	27.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,005	6,215	6,785	12.5	12.2	12.8
German	6,040	2,835	3,200	5.8	5.6	6.0
Chinese	1,340	665	680	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italian	1,350	660	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indian (India)	1,000	500	500	1.0	1.0	0.9
Ukrainian	1,030	495	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dutch	3,080	1,470	1,610	3.0	2.9	3.0
Polish	925	465	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Québécois	360	210	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,615	1,800	1,815	3.5	3.5	3.4
Filipino	760	335	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
French Canadian	1,050	550	495	1.0	1.1	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,395	2,635	2,760	5.2	5.2	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,360	1,060	1,300	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis	880	415	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,120	1,035	1,085	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian	640	330	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	735	365	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	3,275	1,505	1,765	3.2	3.0	3.3
Portuguese	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,170	570	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	530	290	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swedish	610	280	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hungarian	355	200	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Acadian	5,465	2,575	2,890	5.3	5.1	5.5
Pakistani	250	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	595	280	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	475	250	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	420	250	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Greek	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	850	425	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	895	410	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	710	295	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sikh	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	140	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lankan	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,055	525	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	480	210	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	435	245	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	560	255	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Guyanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	155	80	85	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ethiopian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	2,595	1,235	1,365	2.5	2.4	2.6
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	1,040	530	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,765	50,775	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	255	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian	57,185	26,165	31,025	55.1	51.5	58.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,090	3,885	4,205	7.8	7.7	7.9
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	6,345	2,935	3,410	6.1	5.8	6.4
Baptist	7,800	3,630	4,175	7.5	7.1	7.9
Catholic	19,495	8,890	10,605	18.8	17.5	20.0
Christian Orthodox	345	145	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,250	580	675	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,465	1,090	1,375	2.4	2.1	2.6
Presbyterian	1,420	640	780	1.4	1.3	1.5
Reformed	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	6,855	2,950	3,910	6.6	5.8	7.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,530	1,160	1,375	2.4	2.3	2.6
Hindu	885	450	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jewish	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	2,395	1,225	1,175	2.3	2.4	2.2
Sikh	190	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	900	350	550	0.9	0.7	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	41,580	22,170	19,410	40.1	43.7	36.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,865	50,260	52,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,990	43,495	45,495	86.5	86.5	86.5
Movers	13,880	6,760	7,120	13.5	13.5	13.5
Non-migrants	8,235	4,040	4,195	8.0	8.0	8.0
Migrants	5,645	2,725	2,920	5.5	5.4	5.6
Internal migrants	4,945	2,385	2,555	4.8	4.7	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,040	1,455	1,585	3.0	2.9	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,905	930	970	1.9	1.9	1.8
External migrants	705	335	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	99,015	48,285	50,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,375	28,485	29,890	59.0	59.0	58.9
Movers	40,645	19,800	20,845	41.0	41.0	41.1
Non-migrants	13,905	6,735	7,170	14.0	13.9	14.1
Migrants	26,740	13,060	13,675	27.0	27.0	27.0
Internal migrants	22,245	10,795	11,455	22.5	22.4	22.6
Intraprovincial migrants	14,985	7,165	7,820	15.1	14.8	15.4
Interprovincial migrants	7,265	3,630	3,635	7.3	7.5	7.2
External migrants	4,495	2,270	2,225	4.5	4.7	4.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,435	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,905	6,335	5,565	13.6	14.9	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,530	36,100	39,435	86.4	85.1	87.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,375	26,725	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,665	2,220	1,440	6.7	8.3	5.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,715	24,505	26,210	93.3	91.7	94.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,430	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,770	5,655	5,115	12.3	13.3	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,785	12,490	12,295	28.3	29.4	27.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,875	24,290	27,585	59.3	57.2	61.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,465	11,140	12,325	26.8	26.2	27.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,135	3,650	1,485	5.9	8.6	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,540	1,425	1,120	2.9	3.4	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,600	2,225	370	3.0	5.2	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,845	6,970	9,875	19.3	16.4	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,485	525	965	1.7	1.2	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,405	13,150	15,250	32.5	31.0	33.9
Bachelor's degree	18,850	8,390	10,455	21.6	19.8	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,240	560	680	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	305	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	6,315	2,980	3,335	7.2	7.0	7.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,410	915	495	1.6	2.2	1.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,375	26,730	27,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,275	1,980	1,295	6.0	7.4	4.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,575	7,325	6,250	25.0	27.4	22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,520	17,420	20,105	69.0	65.2	72.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,030	7,770	8,255	29.5	29.1	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,190	2,325	860	5.9	8.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,580	915	665	2.9	3.4	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,610	1,415	195	3.0	5.3	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,950	5,110	6,840	22.0	19.1	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	895	340	555	1.6	1.3	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,495	9,650	11,845	39.5	36.1	42.8
Bachelor's degree	14,220	6,270	7,950	26.2	23.5	28.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	380	510	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	210	270	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	4,970	2,230	2,735	9.1	8.3	9.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	940	565	380	1.7	2.1	1.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	87,435	42,435	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,560	18,145	17,415	40.7	42.8	38.7
Education	4,585	1,230	3,355	5.2	2.9	7.5
13. Education	4,585	1,230	3,355	5.2	2.9	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,390	555	835	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	105	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,255	450	795	1.4	1.1	1.8
Humanities	3,320	1,405	1,915	3.8	3.3	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	40	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	695	245	450	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	285	635	1.1	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	250	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
54. History	675	405	275	0.8	1.0	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,420	2,130	4,300	7.3	5.0	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	545	230	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	60	765	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,075	365	710	1.2	0.9	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,550	295	1,250	1.8	0.7	2.8
45. Social sciences	2,220	1,100	1,120	2.5	2.6	2.5
Business, management and public administration	10,425	3,490	6,930	11.9	8.2	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	960	210	755	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,435	3,280	6,160	10.8	7.7	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,205	1,060	1,150	2.5	2.5	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	895	340	555	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	510	265	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	650	420	225	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,030	2,125	910	3.5	5.0	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,625	1,925	700	3.0	4.5	1.6
25. Library science	170	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,295	8,505	795	10.6	20.0	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,910	2,460	455	3.3	5.8	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,910	1,750	160	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,050	1,980	70	2.3	4.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	1,665	35	1.9	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	570	550	20	0.7	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	1,070	580	1.9	2.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	615	290	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,030	775	255	1.2	1.8	0.6
Health and related fields	6,875	1,325	5,545	7.9	3.1	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	700	360	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,935	835	5,105	6.8	2.0	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	130	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,655	1,390	1,265	3.0	3.3	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,475	360	1,115	1.7	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	640	525	115	0.7	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	440	25	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,370	26,725	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,850	9,305	7,545	31.0	34.8	27.3
Education	2,750	745	2,000	5.1	2.8	7.2
13. Education	2,750	745	2,000	5.1	2.8	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	430	590	1.9	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	930	360	570	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	2,340	945	1,395	4.3	3.5	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	505	175	330	0.9	0.7	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	195	480	1.2	0.7	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	115	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	485	295	190	0.9	1.1	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,950	1,510	3,445	9.1	5.7	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470	190	275	0.9	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	35	580	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	820	235	585	1.5	0.9	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,200	190	1,015	2.2	0.7	3.7
45. Social sciences	1,700	815	885	3.1	3.0	3.2
Business, management and public administration	7,675	2,585	5,085	14.1	9.7	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	120	595	1.3	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,930	2,450	4,480	12.7	9.2	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,530	730	790	2.8	2.7	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	635	245	390	1.2	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	165	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	450	285	165	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,565	1,825	745	4.7	6.8	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,315	1,695	620	4.3	6.3	2.2
25. Library science	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,555	5,885	670	12.1	22.0	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	2,200	1,810	395	4.0	6.8	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,410	1,270	140	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,415	1,355	65	2.6	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,065	1,045	25	2.0	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	360	345	10	0.7	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,200	720	480	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	225	260	0.9	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	715	500	215	1.3	1.9	0.8
Health and related fields	5,015	1,000	4,015	9.2	3.7	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	250	230	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,330	655	3,675	8.0	2.5	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,900	1,025	875	3.5	3.8	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	285	755	1.9	1.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	370	90	0.8	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	320	25	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,370	26,725	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,850	9,305	7,545	31.0	34.8	27.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,525	17,420	20,100	69.0	65.2	72.7
Location of study inside Canada	33,545	15,475	18,070	61.7	57.9	65.4
Same as province or territory of residence	25,380	11,820	13,565	46.7	44.2	49.1
Different than province or territory of residence	8,160	3,655	4,505	15.0	13.7	16.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,980	1,950	2,030	7.3	7.3	7.3
Americas	980	475	505	1.8	1.8	1.8
United States of America	680	345	330	1.3	1.3	1.2
Mexico	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	955	495	460	1.8	1.9	1.7
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	125	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	415	225	190	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	420	215	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	155	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	1,560	735	825	2.9	2.8	3.0
Iran⁸⁸	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	260	135	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	350	140	210	0.6	0.5	0.8
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	325	155	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	130	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oceania	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	87,430	42,440	44,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,220	28,795	27,425	...	...	...
Employed	51,515	26,220	25,290	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,710	2,575	2,130	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,210	13,640	17,570	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.3	67.8	61.0	64.3	67.8	61.0
Employment rate	58.9	61.8	56.2	58.9	61.8	56.2
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.9	7.8	8.4	8.9	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	87,430	42,440	44,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,885	13,400	17,485	35.3	31.6	38.9
Worked	56,545	29,040	27,510	64.7	68.4	61.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,000	17,495	14,510	36.6	41.2	32.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,540	11,545	12,995	28.1	27.2	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.5	41.7	42.1	42.5	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,225	28,795	27,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,120	535	590	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,100	28,265	26,835	98.0	98.2	97.8
Employee	49,270	24,740	24,525	87.6	85.9	89.4
Permanent position	39,675	20,060	19,625	70.6	69.7	71.6
Temporary position	9,590	4,690	4,900	17.1	16.3	17.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,930	1,355	1,575	5.2	4.7	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,660	3,330	3,330	11.8	11.6	12.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,835	3,520	2,310	10.4	12.2	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,225	28,795	27,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,120	535	590	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,100	28,265	26,835	98.0	98.2	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	725	490	235	1.3	1.7	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,160	2,725	6,435	16.3	9.5	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,855	4,570	1,285	10.4	15.9	4.7
3 Health occupations	4,630	845	3,780	8.2	2.9	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,485	3,875	5,610	16.9	13.5	20.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,590	735	855	2.8	2.6	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	13,810	6,170	7,640	24.6	21.4	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,555	7,000	555	13.4	24.3	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,140	885	250	2.0	3.1	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,160	975	180	2.1	3.4	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,225	28,795	27,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,120	535	590	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	55,100	28,265	26,835	98.0	98.2	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	945	665	285	1.7	2.3	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	185	15	0.4	0.6	0.1
22 Utilities	1,115	780	335	2.0	2.7	1.2
23 Construction	3,750	3,345	410	6.7	11.6	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,030	1,605	430	3.6	5.6	1.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,070	840	225	1.9	2.9	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,445	3,115	3,335	11.5	10.8	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,860	1,225	635	3.3	4.3	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,325	860	465	2.4	3.0	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,480	575	905	2.6	2.0	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	660	365	290	1.2	1.3	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,990	3,160	1,830	8.9	11.0	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,100	1,295	800	3.7	4.5	2.9
61 Educational services	5,680	2,100	3,580	10.1	7.3	13.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,355	1,345	6,010	13.1	4.7	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	455	430	1.6	1.6	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,515	1,460	2,050	6.3	5.1	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,515	1,150	1,370	4.5	4.0	5.0
91 Public administration	7,080	3,680	3,400	12.6	12.8	12.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,345	30,895	29,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,745	28,250	25,500	89.1	91.4	86.6
French	595	195	405	1.0	0.6	1.4
Non-official language	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,370	2,155	3,220	8.9	7.0	10.9
English and non-official language(s)	490	235	255	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,345	30,895	29,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,545	30,580	28,970	98.7	99.0	98.4
Official languages	59,430	30,520	28,910	98.5	98.8	98.2
English	58,325	30,175	28,145	96.7	97.7	95.6
French	1,105	340	765	1.8	1.1	2.6
Non-official languages	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	800	315	480	1.3	1.0	1.6
English and French	725	285	440	1.2	0.9	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,345	30,895	29,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,180	28,790	26,390	91.4	93.2	89.6
English	560	170	395	0.9	0.6	1.3
French	4,150	1,720	2,435	6.9	5.6	8.3
Non-official language	355	170	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	305	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,515	26,220	25,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,100	5,300	4,800	19.6	20.2	19.0
Worked outside Canada	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,710	4,060	1,650	11.1	15.5	6.5
Usual place of work	35,610	16,795	18,810	69.1	64.1	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,610	16,800	18,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,795	9,370	11,430	58.4	55.8	60.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,150	5,125	6,025	31.3	30.5	32.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,410	2,135	1,270	9.6	12.7	6.7
Commute to a different province or territory	250	165	85	0.7	1.0	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,320	20,855	20,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,895	18,790	18,105	89.3	90.1	88.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,420	17,555	15,865	80.9	84.2	77.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,470	1,225	2,240	8.4	5.9	10.9
Public transit	995	400	600	2.4	1.9	2.9
Walked	2,285	1,035	1,245	5.5	5.0	6.1
Bicycle	385	240	140	0.9	1.2	0.7
Other method	760	390	365	1.8	1.9	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,320	20,855	20,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,505	8,515	9,990	44.8	40.8	48.8
15 to 29 minutes	15,550	7,965	7,585	37.6	38.2	37.1
30 to 44 minutes	4,685	2,750	1,940	11.3	13.2	9.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,410	750	665	3.4	3.6	3.2
60 minutes and over	1,165	875	295	2.8	4.2	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,320	20,855	20,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,535	1,055	485	3.7	5.1	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,200	3,150	2,050	12.6	15.1	10.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,645	7,615	7,030	35.4	36.5	34.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,275	4,605	5,670	24.9	22.1	27.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,445	1,815	2,630	10.8	8.7	12.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,220	2,620	2,600	12.6	12.6	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,085	10,235	9,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,380	1,715	1,670	16.8	16.8	17.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,700	8,520	8,180	83.1	83.2	83.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,990	7,560	7,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,560	1,275	1,285	17.1	16.9	17.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,745	850	895	11.6	11.2	12.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	815	425	385	5.4	5.6	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,430	6,280	6,145	82.9	83.1	82.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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