Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Winnipeg SouthMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,795	49,825	49,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,830	9,235	8,595	17.9	18.5	17.2
0 to 4 years	5,465	2,790	2,670	5.5	5.6	5.3
5 to 9 years	6,110	3,200	2,910	6.1	6.4	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,255	3,240	3,015	6.3	6.5	6.0
15 to 64 years	68,330	34,365	33,965	68.5	69.0	68.0
15 to 19 years	6,415	3,300	3,115	6.4	6.6	6.2
20 to 24 years	10,015	5,535	4,485	10.0	11.1	9.0
25 to 29 years	7,985	4,300	3,685	8.0	8.6	7.4
30 to 34 years	6,960	3,430	3,525	7.0	6.9	7.1
35 to 39 years	7,240	3,470	3,770	7.3	7.0	7.5
40 to 44 years	6,680	3,130	3,550	6.7	6.3	7.1
45 to 49 years	6,490	3,195	3,295	6.5	6.4	6.6
50 to 54 years	5,800	2,865	2,935	5.8	5.8	5.9
55 to 59 years	5,570	2,700	2,875	5.6	5.4	5.8
60 to 64 years	5,175	2,445	2,730	5.2	4.9	5.5
65 years and over	13,630	6,220	7,410	13.7	12.5	14.8
65 to 69 years	4,620	2,145	2,480	4.6	4.3	5.0
70 to 74 years	3,765	1,790	1,970	3.8	3.6	3.9
75 to 79 years	2,465	1,145	1,315	2.5	2.3	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,475	665	810	1.5	1.3	1.6
85 years and over	1,310	475	835	1.3	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	845	325	525	0.8	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	335	130	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
95 to 99 years	110	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.5	17.2	17.9	18.5	17.2
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	13.7	12.5	14.8	13.7	12.5	14.8
85 years and over	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	37.5	36.5	38.6	37.5	36.5	38.6
Median age of the population	35.6	33.6	37.2	35.6	33.6	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,835	...	...	61.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,670	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	2,500	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,520	...	...	18.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,815	...	...	7.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,040	...	...	19.7	...	...
2 persons	11,535	...	...	32.3	...	...
3 persons	6,515	...	...	18.2	...	...
4 persons	6,425	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 or more persons	4,225	...	...	11.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,000	49,475	49,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,965	40,585	41,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,820	23,805	24,015	58.3	58.7	58.0
Married	42,585	21,195	21,390	52.0	52.2	51.7
Living common-law	5,235	2,610	2,625	6.4	6.4	6.3
Living common law - Never married	3,905	1,955	1,945	4.8	4.8	4.7
Living common law - Separated	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,055	515	545	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	34,145	16,780	17,360	41.7	41.3	42.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,405	14,570	11,835	32.2	35.9	28.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,365	530	840	1.7	1.3	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,255	1,105	2,145	4.0	2.7	5.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,120	575	2,545	3.8	1.4	6.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,660	...	...	43.6	...	...
3 persons	6,165	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 persons	6,190	...	...	23.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,750	...	...	10.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,220	...	...	86.8	...	...
Married couples	20,605	...	...	77.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,790	...	...	47.8	...	...
Without children	7,815	...	...	29.2	...	...
Common-law couples	2,615	...	...	9.8	...	...
With children⁶	850	...	...	3.2	...	...
Without children	1,770	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,545	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,800	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	740	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,000	49,480	49,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	81,330	40,510	40,815	82.2	81.9	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,440	23,195	23,250	46.9	46.9	47.0
Parents in one-parent families	3,545	745	2,800	3.6	1.5	5.7
Children⁶	31,340	16,575	14,765	31.7	33.5	29.8
In a two-parent family	25,725	13,560	12,165	26.0	27.4	24.6
In a one-parent family	5,615	3,015	2,600	5.7	6.1	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,675	8,970	8,705	17.9	18.1	17.6
Living alone	7,040	2,900	4,140	7.1	5.9	8.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,410	1,580	1,825	3.4	3.2	3.7
Living with non-relatives only	7,225	4,485	2,740	7.3	9.1	5.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,075	...	...	64.6	...	...
Couple-family households	20,290	...	...	56.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,995	...	...	33.6	...	...
Without children	8,300	...	...	23.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,785	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,045	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,505	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,815	...	...	7.9	...	...
One-person households	7,040	...	...	19.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,180	40,250	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,920	38,630	39,290	96.0	96.0	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	35,600	38,400	42,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,930	38,640	39,295	96.0	96.0	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	32,400	34,400	37,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,180	35,180	35,005	86.4	87.4	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,000	33,200	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,165	30,075	28,090	71.6	74.7	68.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,600	34,000	39,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,975	34,850	36,120	87.4	86.6	88.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	3,280	7,850	5,760	3,280	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,240	3,165	4,070	8.9	7.9	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,000	5,160	5,040	5,000	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,805	10,140	10,660	25.6	25.2	26.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,350	40,360	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,170	38,850	39,320	96.1	96.3	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,150	60,150	44,240	52,150	60,150	44,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,170	38,850	39,320	96.1	96.3	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,280	47,520	37,120	42,280	47,520	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,445	35,490	34,955	86.6	87.9	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,550	39,600	49,160	58,550	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,315	30,310	28,010	71.7	75.1	68.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	58,050	40,280	49,520	58,050	40,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,250	35,180	36,065	87.6	87.2	88.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	7,360	9,870	8,630	7,360	9,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,185	3,180	4,005	8.8	7.9	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,190	5,415	6,800	6,190	5,415	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,790	10,390	10,400	25.6	25.7	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,530	8,840	8,680	8,530	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,350	40,360	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,305	15,350	11,950	33.6	38.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	69,000	58,400	63,600	69,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,700	90,500	65,900	79,700	90,500	65,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,280	11,530	12,750	29.8	28.6	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000	15,500	14,600	15,000	15,500	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,880	27,280	22,700	24,880	27,280	22,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.0	79.6	85.0	89.0	79.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	75.4	64.8	70.8	75.4	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1	11.1	20.5	15.1	11.1	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.6	5.4	4.4	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.3	4.4	3.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,180	40,250	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,255	1,620	1,640	4.0	4.0	4.0
With total income	77,920	38,630	39,290	96.0	96.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,340	5,140	5,200	13.3	13.3	13.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,755	3,840	4,910	11.2	10.0	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,485	5,135	6,350	14.7	13.3	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,655	4,155	5,505	12.4	10.7	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	8,115	3,630	4,490	10.4	9.4	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,395	3,055	3,335	8.2	7.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,225	2,785	2,440	6.7	7.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,130	2,295	1,835	5.3	5.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,245	1,825	1,420	4.2	4.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,795	1,570	1,235	3.6	4.1	3.1
$100,000 and over	7,785	5,210	2,575	10.0	13.5	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	5,440	3,455	1,985	7.0	8.9	5.0
$150,000 and over	2,345	1,755	590	3.0	4.5	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,180	40,250	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,245	1,610	1,635	4.0	4.0	4.0
With after-tax income	77,930	38,640	39,295	96.0	96.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,715	5,245	5,470	13.7	13.6	13.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,465	4,155	5,315	12.2	10.7	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,360	5,975	7,375	17.1	15.5	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,380	4,965	6,415	14.6	12.8	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,330	4,480	4,850	12.0	11.6	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,075	3,745	3,330	9.1	9.7	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,140	2,860	2,280	6.6	7.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,070	2,275	1,795	5.2	5.9	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,560	1,520	1,040	3.3	3.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,540	1,005	540	2.0	2.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,305	2,425	885	4.2	6.3	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,755	1,255	505	2.3	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,545	1,170	380	2.0	3.0	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,180	40,250	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,010	10,175	12,835	28.3	25.3	31.4
With employment income	58,165	30,075	28,090	71.7	74.7	68.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,065	3,855	4,210	13.9	12.8	15.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,360	2,450	2,910	9.2	8.1	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,850	3,775	4,080	13.5	12.5	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,690	2,710	2,980	9.8	9.0	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,010	2,360	2,650	8.6	7.9	9.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,720	2,210	2,510	8.1	7.3	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,120	2,130	1,995	7.1	7.1	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,485	1,955	1,530	6.0	6.5	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,950	1,665	1,290	5.1	5.5	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,470	1,390	1,080	4.2	4.6	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	1,335	1,015	4.0	4.4	3.6
$100,000 and over	6,090	4,245	1,845	10.5	14.1	6.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,055	1,960	1,095	5.2	6.5	3.9
$125,000 and over	3,035	2,290	750	5.2	7.6	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,180	40,250	40,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,365	36,735	37,635	91.6	91.3	92.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	33,200	36,800	42,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,390	36,735	37,655	91.6	91.3	92.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,800	32,800	36,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,035	34,060	33,975	83.8	84.6	83.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,600	34,400	40,800	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,045	29,420	27,625	70.3	73.1	67.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	31,000	35,200	40,400	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,280	31,665	32,620	79.2	78.7	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,360	880	3,100	1,360	880	3,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,555	1,935	2,620	5.6	4.8	6.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,720	5,960	5,880	5,720	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,350	40,360	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,510	36,945	37,565	91.6	91.5	91.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	54,700	41,920	48,240	54,700	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,515	36,950	37,565	91.6	91.6	91.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	43,600	34,840	39,160	43,600	34,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,205	34,375	33,835	83.8	85.2	82.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	54,750	40,080	47,480	54,750	40,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,975	29,505	27,475	70.0	73.1	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	53,600	40,880	47,480	53,600	40,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,250	31,820	32,430	79.0	78.8	79.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,570	4,368	6,750	5,570	4,368	6,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,540	1,990	2,555	5.6	4.9	6.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,620	6,800	8,260	7,620	6,800	8,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,350	40,360	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,045	15,170	11,875	33.2	37.6	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,000	53,600	59,600	65,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	76,700	61,200	69,900	76,700	61,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,750	10,295	11,455	26.7	25.5	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	19,400	19,200	19,200	19,400	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	32,280	27,520	29,760	32,280	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	93.2	86.0	90.0	93.2	86.0
Employment income (%)	75.2	78.2	71.4	75.2	78.2	71.4
Government transfers (%)	10.0	6.9	13.9	10.0	6.9	13.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,550	...	...	55,550	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,520	...	...	45,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,900	...	...	103,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	855	...	...	2.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	500	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	790	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	850	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	970	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,140	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,250	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,390	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,445	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,285	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,070	...	...	45.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,375	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,440	...	...	12.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,735	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	905	...	...	2.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	885	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,040	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,060	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,290	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,400	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,485	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,955	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,005	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,630	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,415	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,505	...	...	35.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,660	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,220	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,630	...	...	13.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,265	7,385	6,885	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	27,800	34,800	31,200	27,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	26,600	32,000	29,400	26,600	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...	71,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,195	7,240	6,960	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,920	37,360	42,640	39,920	37,360	42,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,800	31,680	36,040	33,800	31,680	36,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,000	49,475	49,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,465	11,095	10,370	21.7	22.4	20.9
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,425	3,215	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	64,405	32,300	32,105	65.1	65.3	64.8
65 years and over	13,130	6,080	7,045	13.3	12.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,860	6,915	6,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,885	2,030	1,850	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,345	700	650	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,975	4,515	4,455	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,005	365	645	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	18.1	18.3	17.8	18.1	18.3	17.8
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.4	20.1	20.3	20.4	20.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.9	14.0	13.9	13.9	14.0	13.9
65 years and over (%)	7.6	6.0	9.1	7.6	6.0	9.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,000	49,475	49,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,465	11,095	10,370	21.7	22.4	20.9
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,425	3,215	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	64,405	32,300	32,105	65.1	65.3	64.8
65 years and over	13,130	6,080	7,045	13.3	12.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,780	5,835	4,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,245	1,185	1,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	770	400	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,160	4,495	3,665	...	...	...
65 years and over	375	150	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	11.8	10.0	10.9	11.8	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.7	10.2	10.5	10.7	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.7	11.5	11.6	11.7	11.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.9	11.4	12.7	13.9	11.4
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.5	3.2	2.9	2.5	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,000	49,475	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,415	25,620	25,795	51.9	51.8	52.1
In bottom decile	14,200	7,505	6,695	14.3	15.2	13.5
In second decile	9,020	4,375	4,645	9.1	8.8	9.4
In third decile	9,375	4,560	4,815	9.5	9.2	9.7
In fourth decile	9,550	4,645	4,905	9.6	9.4	9.9
In fifth decile	9,270	4,535	4,735	9.4	9.2	9.6
In top half of the distribution	47,585	23,860	23,725	48.1	48.2	47.9
In sixth decile	9,840	4,810	5,025	9.9	9.7	10.1
In seventh decile	9,930	5,000	4,935	10.0	10.1	10.0
In eighth decile	10,235	5,175	5,065	10.3	10.5	10.2
In ninth decile	9,665	4,860	4,805	9.8	9.8	9.7
In top decile	7,905	4,015	3,895	8.0	8.1	7.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	...	...	0.437	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,235	49,555	49,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	85,225	43,215	42,010	85.9	87.2	84.6
French only	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	11,145	5,065	6,075	11.2	10.2	12.2
Neither English nor French	2,730	1,210	1,525	2.8	2.4	3.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,235	49,555	49,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	92,450	46,515	45,935	93.2	93.9	92.5
French	3,485	1,565	1,920	3.5	3.2	3.9
English and French	665	315	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	2,635	1,165	1,470	2.7	2.4	3.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,235	49,555	49,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	92,985	46,455	46,530	93.7	93.7	93.7
Official languages	57,340	28,545	28,800	57.8	57.6	58.0
English	53,860	26,965	26,895	54.3	54.4	54.1
French	3,480	1,575	1,905	3.5	3.2	3.8
Non-official languages	35,645	17,915	17,735	35.9	36.2	35.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,505	17,845	17,660	35.8	36.0	35.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,455	1,270	1,190	2.5	2.6	2.4
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,295	1,190	1,105	2.3	2.4	2.2
Amharic	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,845	960	885	1.9	1.9	1.8
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	660	315	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	640	310	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,880	810	1,075	1.9	1.6	2.2
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,640	690	950	1.7	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	460	235	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,520	9,015	8,505	17.7	18.2	17.1
Albanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,375	1,140	1,235	2.4	2.3	2.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,370	1,135	1,230	2.4	2.3	2.5
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	1,200	600	595	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	410	165	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,185	550	630	1.2	1.1	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	795	380	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	790	375	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	350	150	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	11,685	6,215	5,470	11.8	12.5	11.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10,595	5,680	4,920	10.7	11.5	9.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,090	690	400	1.1	1.4	0.8
Gujarati	1,530	820	715	1.5	1.7	1.4
Hindi	990	505	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,270	2,250	2,020	4.3	4.5	4.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	525	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Urdu	1,895	1,010	885	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,085	535	550	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	650	320	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Dari	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	470	235	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,105	1,020	1,085	2.1	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	610	305	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,065	515	555	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	995	480	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,135	535	595	1.1	1.1	1.2
Akan (Twi)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	575	280	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,940	4,955	4,985	10.0	10.0	10.0
Chinese languages	9,930	4,950	4,980	10.0	10.0	10.0
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,335	3,685	3,645	7.4	7.4	7.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,375	1,155	1,225	2.4	2.3	2.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,250	3,105	3,145	6.3	6.3	6.3
English and French	705	335	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	4,890	2,450	2,440	4.9	4.9	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,235	49,555	49,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,995	28,540	28,460	57.4	57.6	57.3
French	855	405	450	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	11,555	5,775	5,780	11.6	11.7	11.6
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	11,515	5,755	5,755	11.6	11.6	11.6
English and French	2,285	1,000	1,290	2.3	2.0	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	25,515	12,860	12,655	25.7	26.0	25.5
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	770	355	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,190	595	595	1.2	1.2	1.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,235	49,555	49,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	92,550	46,260	46,290	93.3	93.4	93.2
Official languages	68,460	34,080	34,375	69.0	68.8	69.2
English	67,055	33,430	33,620	67.6	67.5	67.7
French	1,400	650	755	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official languages	24,095	12,175	11,920	24.3	24.6	24.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,040	12,155	11,885	24.2	24.5	23.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,505	775	730	1.5	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,445	745	695	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,215	630	585	1.2	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	445	230	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,015	470	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	905	410	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,310	5,815	5,495	11.4	11.7	11.1
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,250	635	615	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,250	635	615	1.3	1.3	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	870	445	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	8,810	4,595	4,215	8.9	9.3	8.5
Indo-Aryan languages	8,035	4,220	3,810	8.1	8.5	7.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	715	420	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
Gujarati	1,165	620	545	1.2	1.3	1.1
Hindi	670	330	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,610	1,890	1,720	3.6	3.8	3.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	370	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Urdu	1,320	695	630	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	775	370	405	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	350	160	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	405	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,100	510	585	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	640	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	805	395	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	465	200	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	315	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,000	4,020	3,980	8.1	8.1	8.0
Chinese languages	8,000	4,020	3,980	8.1	8.1	8.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,140	3,115	3,030	6.2	6.3	6.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,725	845	885	1.7	1.7	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,685	3,300	3,385	6.7	6.7	6.8
English and French	495	210	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	5,920	2,955	2,960	6.0	6.0	6.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,235	49,555	49,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,730	37,385	37,350	75.3	75.4	75.2
English	9,905	5,010	4,900	10.0	10.1	9.9
French	1,500	665	835	1.5	1.3	1.7
Non-official language	9,430	4,600	4,830	9.5	9.3	9.7
Indigenous³⁹	200	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	9,230	4,520	4,715	9.3	9.1	9.5
English and French	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,970	1,040	930	2.0	2.1	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,235	660	575	1.2	1.3	1.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,185	49,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	96,495	48,440	48,050	97.3	97.6	96.9
English	96,340	48,370	47,970	97.1	97.5	96.8
French	11,460	5,150	6,315	11.6	10.4	12.7
Non-official languages	45,925	23,105	22,825	46.3	46.6	46.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	135	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Algonquian languages	335	115	225	0.3	0.2	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	210	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45,560	22,980	22,585	45.9	46.3	45.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,640	1,915	1,725	3.7	3.9	3.5
Berber languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,385	1,790	1,600	3.4	3.6	3.2
Amharic	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	2,490	1,330	1,165	2.5	2.7	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	475	260	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	290	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	885	395	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	835	365	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,530	1,170	1,355	2.6	2.4	2.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,370	1,090	1,280	2.4	2.2	2.6
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	675	340	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kannada	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Telugu	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,485	11,625	10,860	22.7	23.4	21.9
Albanian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,865	1,465	1,400	2.9	3.0	2.8
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,865	1,465	1,400	2.9	3.0	2.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	420	225	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian	1,540	800	735	1.6	1.6	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	370	190	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	710	330	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,555	695	860	1.6	1.4	1.7
Frisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,105	500	600	1.1	1.0	1.2
German	1,085	495	590	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	510	215	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	14,865	8,000	6,870	15.0	16.1	13.9
Indo-Aryan languages	13,595	7,375	6,215	13.7	14.9	12.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,465	920	545	1.5	1.9	1.1
Gujarati	1,685	975	705	1.7	2.0	1.4
Hindi	6,040	3,245	2,795	6.1	6.5	5.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,375	3,470	2,910	6.4	7.0	5.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	805	405	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Urdu	2,770	1,470	1,305	2.8	3.0	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,340	660	685	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	605	280	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	750	380	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Dari	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	530	275	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,325	1,540	1,785	3.4	3.1	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	625	290	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	685	335	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,120	965	1,150	2.1	1.9	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	275	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	1,185	575	610	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,495	1,715	1,780	3.5	3.5	3.6
Akan (Twi)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igbo	490	280	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	420	155	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,945	965	975	2.0	1.9	2.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	355	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	11,430	5,675	5,760	11.5	11.4	11.6
Chinese languages	11,430	5,675	5,755	11.5	11.4	11.6
Hakka	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	9,490	4,735	4,755	9.6	9.5	9.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,210	1,515	1,690	3.2	3.1	3.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,190	49,605	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,675	3,190	3,485	6.7	6.4	7.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,520	3,130	3,395	6.6	6.3	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,300	1,065	1,240	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis	4,125	2,020	2,105	4.2	4.1	4.2
Inuk (Inuit)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	92,510	46,420	46,090	93.3	93.6	93.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,190	49,605	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,100	955	1,140	2.1	1.9	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	97,090	48,650	48,440	97.9	98.1	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,505	...	...	71.3	...	...
Renter	10,285	...	...	28.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,805	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not condominium	29,980	...	...	83.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,065	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,470	...	...	23.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,205	...	...	36.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,930	...	...	30.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,410	...	...	29.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,945	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,235	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,545	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,655	...	...	27.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,150	...	...	95.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,640	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	32,865	...	...	91.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,925	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,020	...	...	2.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,955	...	...	27.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,875	...	...	19.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,430	...	...	9.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,025	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,550	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,805	...	...	13.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,125	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,610	...	...	96.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,180	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,405	...	...	43.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,000	...	...	50.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,375	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,115	...	...	5.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,710	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,155	...	...	20.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,740	...	...	18.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,165	...	...	17.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,790	...	...	13.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,440	...	...	6.8	...	...
85 years and over	680	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,735	...	...	77.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,905	...	...	22.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,305	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,955	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,960	...	...	19.4	...	...
Not suitable only	2,145	...	...	6.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	825	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	670	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,835	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,955	...	...	8.7	...	...
Not in core need	31,085	...	...	91.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,490	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.6	...	...	66.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,542	...	...	1,542	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	426,000	...	...	426,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.0	...	...	42.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,358	...	...	1,358	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,185	49,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,235	1,070	1,160	2.3	2.2	2.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,160	1,035	1,125	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,510	695	815	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	605	315	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,870	2,340	2,530	4.9	4.7	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,640	2,230	2,410	4.7	4.5	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,625	805	820	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,980	1,410	1,570	3.0	2.8	3.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	92,085	46,190	45,890	92.8	93.1	92.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,190	49,605	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	75,545	37,105	38,445	76.2	74.8	77.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,670	8,995	8,680	17.8	18.1	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	57,875	28,110	29,765	58.3	56.7	60.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	23,645	12,505	11,135	23.8	25.2	22.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,190	49,605	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,580	27,755	28,825	57.0	56.0	58.1
Immigrants⁸¹	33,030	16,280	16,750	33.3	32.8	33.8
Before 1980	3,090	1,540	1,550	3.1	3.1	3.1
1980 to 1990	1,885	920	970	1.9	1.9	2.0
1991 to 2000	2,715	1,305	1,410	2.7	2.6	2.8
2001 to 2010	7,875	3,900	3,980	7.9	7.9	8.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	17,460	8,620	8,845	17.6	17.4	17.8
2011 to 2015	7,420	3,615	3,805	7.5	7.3	7.7
2016 to 2021	10,040	5,000	5,045	10.1	10.1	10.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	9,575	5,570	4,005	9.7	11.2	8.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	33,025	16,280	16,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,980	1,530	1,450	9.0	9.4	8.7
5 to 14 years	6,085	3,265	2,820	18.4	20.1	16.8
15 to 24 years	5,145	2,365	2,780	15.6	14.5	16.6
25 to 44 years	15,675	7,510	8,165	47.5	46.1	48.7
45 years and over	3,145	1,610	1,535	9.5	9.9	9.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	33,025	16,280	16,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,520	1,205	1,315	7.6	7.4	7.9
Brazil	280	150	130	0.8	0.9	0.8
Colombia	85	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
El Salvador	115	65	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyana	235	95	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	170	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	175	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Peru	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	385	190	195	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	590	280	310	1.8	1.7	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	390	170	220	1.2	1.0	1.3
Europe	3,815	1,950	1,865	11.6	12.0	11.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	145	75	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	85	70	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Germany	280	125	150	0.8	0.8	0.9
Greece	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	285	155	130	0.9	1.0	0.8
Netherlands	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Poland	270	135	135	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portugal	90	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	375	170	205	1.1	1.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	80	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	510	260	250	1.5	1.6	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	805	370	435	2.4	2.3	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	590	350	235	1.8	2.1	1.4
Africa	5,340	2,545	2,790	16.2	15.6	16.7
Algeria	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Egypt	660	315	345	2.0	1.9	2.1
Eritrea	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ethiopia	295	150	145	0.9	0.9	0.9
Morocco	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	2,860	1,390	1,470	8.7	8.5	8.8
Somalia	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	985	465	520	3.0	2.9	3.1
Asia	21,290	10,550	10,750	64.5	64.8	64.2
Afghanistan	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	320	165	150	1.0	1.0	0.9
Iraq	590	265	320	1.8	1.6	1.9
Lebanon	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	320	185	135	1.0	1.1	0.8
Turkey	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	5,440	2,575	2,865	16.5	15.8	17.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	405	230	180	1.2	1.4	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	735	370	365	2.2	2.3	2.2
Taiwan	115	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Philippines	2,395	1,120	1,275	7.3	6.9	7.6
Viet Nam	510	225	285	1.5	1.4	1.7
Bangladesh	685	350	335	2.1	2.1	2.0
India	5,775	2,995	2,780	17.5	18.4	16.6
Pakistan	1,650	830	820	5.0	5.1	4.9
Sri Lanka	650	295	360	2.0	1.8	2.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,475	790	690	4.5	4.9	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,040	5,005	5,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	685	370	310	6.8	7.4	6.1
Brazil	260	140	120	2.6	2.8	2.4
Colombia	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	65	35	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
United States of America	160	105	60	1.6	2.1	1.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	115	55	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
Europe	535	290	245	5.3	5.8	4.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Italy	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	80	25	50	0.8	0.5	1.0
Ukraine	160	75	90	1.6	1.5	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	150	100	50	1.5	2.0	1.0
Africa	1,905	885	1,020	19.0	17.7	20.2
Algeria	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egypt	130	60	75	1.3	1.2	1.5
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ethiopia	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Morocco	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Nigeria	1,390	695	700	13.8	13.9	13.9
Somalia	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	70	90	1.6	1.4	1.8
Asia	6,905	3,440	3,460	68.8	68.7	68.6
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	275	130	145	2.7	2.6	2.9
China⁹⁰	2,225	1,065	1,160	22.2	21.3	23.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	35	25	0.5	0.7	0.5
India	2,060	1,105	960	20.5	22.1	19.0
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraq	345	155	190	3.4	3.1	3.8
Israel	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Japan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	60	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	255	120	135	2.5	2.4	2.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	460	235	230	4.6	4.7	4.6
Philippines	200	95	110	2.0	1.9	2.2
Saudi Arabia	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Sri Lanka	140	55	85	1.4	1.1	1.7
Syria⁸⁹	225	120	100	2.2	2.4	2.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United Arab Emirates	55	35	25	0.5	0.7	0.5
Viet Nam	105	40	65	1.0	0.8	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	230	140	90	2.3	2.8	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,190	49,605	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	43,280	22,170	21,110	43.6	44.7	42.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,905	8,450	8,450	17.0	17.0	17.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,005	18,980	20,020	39.3	38.3	40.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	29,940	14,740	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	22,120	11,440	10,680	73.9	77.6	70.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,805	5,625	3,180	29.4	38.2	20.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,315	5,815	7,495	44.5	39.5	49.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,910	1,800	3,105	16.4	12.2	20.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,810	1,460	1,345	9.4	9.9	8.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	29,940	14,740	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	400	215	190	1.3	1.5	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,850	900	945	6.2	6.1	6.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	965	540	435	3.2	3.7	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,175	1,845	1,330	10.6	12.5	8.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	23,460	11,200	12,260	78.4	76.0	80.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,185	49,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	47,860	24,515	23,345	48.3	49.4	47.1
South Asian	15,460	8,460	7,000	15.6	17.1	14.1
Chinese	12,110	6,015	6,090	12.2	12.1	12.3
Black	8,355	4,205	4,150	8.4	8.5	8.4
Filipino	3,460	1,645	1,815	3.5	3.3	3.7
Arab	2,155	1,120	1,035	2.2	2.3	2.1
Latin American	1,115	530	585	1.1	1.1	1.2
Southeast Asian	1,170	580	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
West Asian	965	480	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	1,185	580	605	1.2	1.2	1.2
Japanese	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	655	305	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Multiple visible minorities	1,045	515	520	1.1	1.0	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	51,325	25,095	26,235	51.7	50.6	52.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,185	49,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,680	3,395	3,290	6.7	6.8	6.6
English	12,595	6,110	6,490	12.7	12.3	13.1
Irish	8,520	4,130	4,395	8.6	8.3	8.9
Scottish	11,015	5,310	5,705	11.1	10.7	11.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,585	4,090	4,495	8.7	8.2	9.1
German	8,915	4,325	4,590	9.0	8.7	9.3
Chinese	11,560	5,805	5,755	11.7	11.7	11.6
Italian	2,275	1,125	1,160	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indian (India)	7,085	3,775	3,310	7.1	7.6	6.7
Ukrainian	8,830	4,275	4,555	8.9	8.6	9.2
Dutch	2,585	1,265	1,325	2.6	2.5	2.7
Polish	4,380	2,115	2,265	4.4	4.3	4.6
Québécois	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,840	925	910	1.9	1.9	1.8
Filipino	3,525	1,680	1,840	3.6	3.4	3.7
French Canadian	1,280	535	745	1.3	1.1	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,155	625	530	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,450	660	790	1.5	1.3	1.6
Métis	3,860	1,865	1,995	3.9	3.8	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	845	460	380	0.9	0.9	0.8
Russian	2,290	1,070	1,215	2.3	2.2	2.5
Norwegian	1,135	475	670	1.1	1.0	1.4
Welsh	985	410	580	1.0	0.8	1.2
Portuguese	725	370	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	490	205	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	1,020	470	555	1.0	0.9	1.1
Swedish	1,165	500	665	1.2	1.0	1.3
Hungarian	600	295	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Acadian	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	2,085	1,065	1,020	2.1	2.1	2.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,530	730	805	1.5	1.5	1.6
Jewish	800	400	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Punjabi	2,065	1,175	885	2.1	2.4	1.8
Vietnamese	905	415	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	955	545	410	1.0	1.1	0.8
Greek	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	410	225	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,375	700	680	1.4	1.4	1.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	935	445	495	0.9	0.9	1.0
Korean	1,085	530	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	460	255	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	580	325	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	300	165	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	1,285	680	605	1.3	1.4	1.2
Austrian	675	365	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belgian	1,570	765	810	1.6	1.5	1.6
Haitian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,060	540	520	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexican	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,950	980	970	2.0	2.0	2.0
Swiss	365	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	370	220	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	575	280	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatian	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	265	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	475	265	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	295	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	750	370	370	0.8	0.7	0.7
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	1,705	785	925	1.7	1.6	1.9
Colombian	155	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyanese	235	85	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afghan	250	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	560	260	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
Newfoundlander	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	395	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ontarian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	490	280	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Turkish	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,090	690	400	1.1	1.4	0.8
Algerian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigerian	1,790	920	870	1.8	1.9	1.8
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	135	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Salvadorean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	230	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	1,840	970	875	1.9	2.0	1.8
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	405	225	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Eritrean	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	325	180	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mohawk	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Barbadian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	295	205	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	310	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	30	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	550	305	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Byelorussian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vincentian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	450	210	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mayan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Flemish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oromo	95	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,185	49,610	49,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,525	650	875	1.5	1.3	1.8
Christian	42,980	19,820	23,160	43.3	40.0	46.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,540	4,575	4,965	9.6	9.2	10.0
Anabaptist	935	420	520	0.9	0.8	1.0
Anglican	2,240	930	1,315	2.3	1.9	2.7
Baptist	960	405	555	1.0	0.8	1.1
Catholic	17,495	8,200	9,295	17.6	16.5	18.7
Christian Orthodox	1,650	810	840	1.7	1.6	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	360	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,650	665	985	1.7	1.3	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,030	980	1,055	2.0	2.0	2.1
Presbyterian	385	165	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	3,730	1,575	2,155	3.8	3.2	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,625	735	890	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hindu	4,745	2,595	2,150	4.8	5.2	4.3
Jewish	885	470	415	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	7,795	4,265	3,535	7.9	8.6	7.1
Sikh	4,630	2,460	2,170	4.7	5.0	4.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	995	460	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	35,465	18,815	16,645	35.8	37.9	33.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,105	49,070	49,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	82,755	41,065	41,690	84.4	83.7	85.0
Movers	15,355	8,000	7,350	15.7	16.3	15.0
Non-migrants	11,260	5,860	5,400	11.5	11.9	11.0
Migrants	4,090	2,140	1,950	4.2	4.4	4.0
Internal migrants	1,970	1,075	895	2.0	2.2	1.8
Intraprovincial migrants	600	285	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,365	790	575	1.4	1.6	1.2
External migrants	2,120	1,070	1,055	2.2	2.2	2.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,700	46,760	46,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,695	24,300	25,395	53.0	52.0	54.1
Movers	44,010	22,460	21,550	47.0	48.0	45.9
Non-migrants	24,210	12,245	11,970	25.8	26.2	25.5
Migrants	19,800	10,220	9,580	21.1	21.9	20.4
Internal migrants	5,520	2,740	2,780	5.9	5.9	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,055	1,475	1,580	3.3	3.2	3.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,465	1,265	1,205	2.6	2.7	2.6
External migrants	14,280	7,480	6,795	15.2	16.0	14.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,350	40,360	40,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,090	4,505	4,585	11.2	11.2	11.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,260	35,850	36,405	88.8	88.8	88.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,860	25,615	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,715	1,400	1,310	5.2	5.5	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,145	24,210	24,935	94.8	94.5	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,350	40,355	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,355	4,045	4,310	10.3	10.0	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,325	11,520	10,805	27.4	28.5	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,670	24,800	25,875	62.3	61.5	63.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,795	9,855	9,940	24.3	24.4	24.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,580	2,415	1,165	4.4	6.0	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,895	1,075	825	2.3	2.7	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,680	1,340	340	2.1	3.3	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,010	6,000	7,005	16.0	14.9	17.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,210	1,440	1,770	3.9	3.6	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,875	14,940	15,935	38.0	37.0	38.9
Bachelor's degree	20,275	9,660	10,615	24.9	23.9	25.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,230	1,010	1,225	2.7	2.5	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	765	390	375	0.9	1.0	0.9
Master's degree	6,125	2,925	3,200	7.5	7.2	7.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,475	960	515	1.8	2.4	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,865	25,615	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,395	1,200	1,195	4.6	4.7	4.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,620	5,555	5,060	20.5	21.7	19.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,845	18,855	19,990	74.9	73.6	76.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,445	6,690	6,755	25.9	26.1	25.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,350	1,565	785	4.5	6.1	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,210	670	535	2.3	2.6	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,140	895	245	2.2	3.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,955	4,165	4,790	17.3	16.3	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,140	960	1,175	4.1	3.7	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,400	12,165	13,235	49.0	47.5	50.4
Bachelor's degree	16,520	7,850	8,670	31.9	30.6	33.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,765	810	955	3.4	3.2	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	670	325	345	1.3	1.3	1.3
Master's degree	5,330	2,505	2,825	10.3	9.8	10.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,105	670	435	2.1	2.6	1.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,350	40,360	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,680	15,560	15,115	37.7	38.6	36.9
Education	3,835	965	2,875	4.7	2.4	7.0
13. Education	3,835	965	2,875	4.7	2.4	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,125	480	640	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	440	625	1.3	1.1	1.5
Humanities	2,870	1,115	1,760	3.5	2.8	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	90	255	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	445	125	320	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,175	475	705	1.4	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	340	180	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120	0	115	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,090	2,375	3,715	7.5	5.9	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	210	235	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	90	870	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	835	340	490	1.0	0.8	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,110	315	800	1.4	0.8	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,500	1,350	1,150	3.1	3.3	2.8
Business, management and public administration	11,760	5,510	6,250	14.5	13.7	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	165	410	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,160	5,330	5,830	13.7	13.2	14.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,005	1,615	1,390	3.7	4.0	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,150	565	585	1.4	1.4	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	960	545	415	1.2	1.4	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	675	460	215	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,335	2,230	1,110	4.1	5.5	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,720	1,925	790	3.3	4.8	1.9
25. Library science	115	10	105	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	245	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,285	7,095	1,185	10.2	17.6	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	360	200	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	3,545	2,790	760	4.4	6.9	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,795	1,595	195	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	890	880	10	1.1	2.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,260	1,230	35	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	435	405	30	0.5	1.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,350	780	575	1.7	1.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,070	605	465	1.3	1.5	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	175	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	7,140	1,610	5,530	8.8	4.0	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	225	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,410	1,215	5,195	7.9	3.0	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	175	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,865	1,015	855	2.3	2.5	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,215	470	750	1.5	1.2	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	220	80	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	280	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,860	25,615	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,015	6,760	6,255	25.1	26.4	23.8
Education	2,650	675	1,975	5.1	2.6	7.5
13. Education	2,650	675	1,975	5.1	2.6	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	850	380	480	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	820	355	470	1.6	1.4	1.8
Humanities	2,105	780	1,330	4.1	3.0	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	210	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	340	85	260	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	900	360	540	1.7	1.4	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	210	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,755	1,815	2,935	9.2	7.1	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	395	175	220	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	60	610	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	720	270	450	1.4	1.1	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	800	235	560	1.5	0.9	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,960	1,010	955	3.8	3.9	3.6
Business, management and public administration	9,135	4,145	4,985	17.6	16.2	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	110	345	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,665	4,030	4,635	16.7	15.7	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,275	1,205	1,070	4.4	4.7	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	860	420	440	1.7	1.6	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	705	395	310	1.4	1.5	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	10	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
40. Physical sciences	550	360	190	1.1	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,715	1,830	885	5.2	7.1	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,230	1,605	630	4.3	6.3	2.4
25. Library science	85	0	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	345	190	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,500	5,470	1,030	12.5	21.4	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	305	170	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	3,095	2,405	690	6.0	9.4	2.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,295	1,145	145	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	610	600	10	1.2	2.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	880	850	25	1.7	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	320	295	15	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,035	555	485	2.0	2.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	835	435	400	1.6	1.7	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	125	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	5,450	1,265	4,185	10.5	4.9	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	160	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,875	965	3,910	9.4	3.8	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	245	150	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,375	735	635	2.7	2.9	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	870	320	550	1.7	1.2	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	265	200	70	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	195	15	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,860	25,615	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,015	6,760	6,255	25.1	26.4	23.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,845	18,855	19,995	74.9	73.6	76.2
Location of study inside Canada	25,675	12,510	13,165	49.5	48.8	50.2
Same as province or territory of residence	22,390	10,785	11,600	43.2	42.1	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	3,285	1,725	1,570	6.3	6.7	6.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	13,170	6,345	6,825	25.4	24.8	26.0
Americas	1,330	650	680	2.6	2.5	2.6
United States of America	785	400	380	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mexico	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	200	85	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	135	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Europe	1,205	630	575	2.3	2.5	2.2
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	175	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	185	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405	205	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	1,875	915	955	3.6	3.6	3.6
Nigeria	1,175	585	585	2.3	2.3	2.2
Algeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	350	155	195	0.7	0.6	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	230	105	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	8,590	4,065	4,525	16.6	15.9	17.2
Iran⁸⁸	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iraq	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	135	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,300	1,065	1,235	4.4	4.2	4.7
Taiwan	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	180	100	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	250	95	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Philippines	930	420	510	1.8	1.6	1.9
Viet Nam	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	285	120	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	185	85	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
India	2,875	1,415	1,460	5.5	5.5	5.6
Pakistan	595	290	305	1.1	1.1	1.2
Other locations of study in Asia	375	195	180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Oceania	170	90	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australia	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,350	40,360	40,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,500	28,645	25,850	...	...	...
Employed	49,635	26,055	23,580	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,860	2,585	2,275	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,855	11,715	15,140	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.0	71.0	63.1	67.0	71.0	63.1
Employment rate	61.0	64.6	57.5	61.0	64.6	57.5
Unemployment rate	8.9	9.0	8.8	8.9	9.0	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,350	40,360	40,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,555	12,230	15,320	33.9	30.3	37.4
Worked	53,795	28,130	25,670	66.1	69.7	62.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,130	15,820	12,310	34.6	39.2	30.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,665	12,305	13,365	31.5	30.5	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.4	39.9	40.7	41.4	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,495	28,645	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,395	695	695	2.6	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,100	27,945	25,155	97.4	97.6	97.3
Employee	47,515	24,265	23,245	87.2	84.7	89.9
Permanent position	38,915	19,985	18,930	71.4	69.8	73.2
Temporary position	8,595	4,280	4,315	15.8	14.9	16.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,740	1,360	1,375	5.0	4.7	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,860	2,920	2,940	10.8	10.2	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,590	3,675	1,910	10.3	12.8	7.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,495	28,645	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,395	695	695	2.6	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,100	27,945	25,155	97.4	97.6	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	580	385	195	1.1	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,810	3,685	6,125	18.0	12.9	23.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,330	4,035	1,305	9.8	14.1	5.0
3 Health occupations	4,675	1,160	3,515	8.6	4.0	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,895	2,965	4,930	14.5	10.4	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,290	550	740	2.4	1.9	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	14,485	7,335	7,150	26.6	25.6	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,800	6,230	565	12.5	21.7	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	555	420	130	1.0	1.5	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,685	1,185	500	3.1	4.1	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,495	28,645	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,395	695	695	2.6	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	53,100	27,945	25,155	97.4	97.6	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	405	275	130	0.7	1.0	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	80	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	580	410	170	1.1	1.4	0.7
23 Construction	2,395	2,105	290	4.4	7.3	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,600	2,565	1,035	6.6	9.0	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,385	965	420	2.5	3.4	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	6,420	3,240	3,185	11.8	11.3	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,525	2,855	665	6.5	10.0	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,065	630	435	2.0	2.2	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	3,060	1,345	1,720	5.6	4.7	6.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	805	450	355	1.5	1.6	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,055	2,420	1,630	7.4	8.4	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	95	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,375	1,465	905	4.4	5.1	3.5
61 Educational services	5,410	1,895	3,515	9.9	6.6	13.6
62 Health care and social assistance	7,550	1,845	5,705	13.9	6.4	22.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	530	430	1.8	1.9	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,010	2,050	1,955	7.4	7.2	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,000	985	1,015	3.7	3.4	3.9
91 Public administration	3,260	1,735	1,530	6.0	6.1	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,290	30,500	27,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,055	28,045	25,010	91.0	92.0	90.0
French	390	115	275	0.7	0.4	1.0
Non-official language	640	380	260	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	640	380	260	1.1	1.2	0.9
English and French	1,435	500	935	2.5	1.6	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,680	1,395	1,280	4.6	4.6	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,290	30,500	27,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,535	30,140	27,400	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	56,320	29,470	26,850	96.6	96.6	96.6
English	55,650	29,275	26,380	95.5	96.0	94.9
French	670	200	470	1.1	0.7	1.7
Non-official languages	1,220	670	545	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,215	660	545	2.1	2.2	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	275	150	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	180	105	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	845	480	360	1.4	1.6	1.3
Chinese languages	845	480	360	1.4	1.6	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	570	330	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	150	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	755	355	395	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	185	65	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	540	290	255	0.9	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,290	30,500	27,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,745	28,850	25,895	93.9	94.6	93.2
English	775	330	440	1.3	1.1	1.6
French	975	360	625	1.7	1.2	2.2
Non-official language	1,520	800	720	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,485	790	695	2.5	2.6	2.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,635	26,060	23,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,580	5,745	5,830	23.3	22.0	24.7
Worked outside Canada	170	135	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,960	3,820	1,140	10.0	14.7	4.8
Usual place of work	32,930	16,360	16,570	66.3	62.8	70.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,930	16,360	16,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,395	14,540	15,860	92.3	88.9	95.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	185	110	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,180	1,590	590	6.6	9.7	3.6
Commute to a different province or territory	165	125	45	0.5	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,885	20,175	17,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,310	17,630	14,680	85.3	87.4	82.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,370	16,780	12,590	77.5	83.2	71.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,940	850	2,090	7.8	4.2	11.8
Public transit	3,410	1,560	1,850	9.0	7.7	10.4
Walked	1,150	485	665	3.0	2.4	3.8
Bicycle	230	160	70	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	785	340	450	2.1	1.7	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,885	20,175	17,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,365	3,680	4,685	22.1	18.2	26.5
15 to 29 minutes	16,070	8,480	7,590	42.4	42.0	42.9
30 to 44 minutes	9,645	5,745	3,895	25.5	28.5	22.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,065	1,235	830	5.5	6.1	4.7
60 minutes and over	1,740	1,030	705	4.6	5.1	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,885	20,175	17,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,440	1,035	405	3.8	5.1	2.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,550	3,345	2,205	14.6	16.6	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,275	5,270	5,005	27.1	26.1	28.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,070	3,845	4,225	21.3	19.1	23.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,695	2,825	2,870	15.0	14.0	16.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,850	3,845	3,000	18.1	19.1	16.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,895	11,320	10,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,915	1,485	1,435	13.3	13.1	13.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,980	9,840	9,135	86.7	86.9	86.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,005	8,300	7,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,275	1,155	1,120	14.2	13.9	14.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,610	820	795	10.1	9.9	10.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	665	335	330	4.2	4.0	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,725	7,145	6,580	85.8	86.1	85.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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