Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Whitehorse, City (CY)More information: Yukon [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,201^E	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	25,085	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.4^E	...	...	12.4^E	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,970	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,436	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	68.1	...	...	68.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	413.94	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,200	13,880	14,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,950	2,570	2,380	17.6	18.5	16.6
0 to 4 years	1,575	785	785	5.6	5.7	5.5
5 to 9 years	1,725	920	805	6.1	6.6	5.6
10 to 14 years	1,655	865	785	5.9	6.2	5.5
15 to 64 years	19,450	9,435	10,010	69.0	68.0	69.9
15 to 19 years	1,515	800	715	5.4	5.8	5.0
20 to 24 years	1,665	835	830	5.9	6.0	5.8
25 to 29 years	2,050	1,015	1,035	7.3	7.3	7.2
30 to 34 years	2,525	1,230	1,290	9.0	8.9	9.0
35 to 39 years	2,520	1,215	1,310	8.9	8.8	9.1
40 to 44 years	2,040	970	1,065	7.2	7.0	7.4
45 to 49 years	1,895	860	1,035	6.7	6.2	7.2
50 to 54 years	1,660	800	855	5.9	5.8	6.0
55 to 59 years	1,795	860	935	6.4	6.2	6.5
60 to 64 years	1,795	855	940	6.4	6.2	6.6
65 years and over	3,800	1,870	1,925	13.5	13.5	13.4
65 to 69 years	1,415	695	725	5.0	5.0	5.1
70 to 74 years	1,100	545	555	3.9	3.9	3.9
75 to 79 years	660	345	310	2.3	2.5	2.2
80 to 84 years	335	160	170	1.2	1.2	1.2
85 years and over	290	125	170	1.0	0.9	1.2
85 to 89 years	195	80	110	0.7	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
95 to 99 years	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.5	16.6	17.6	18.5	16.6
15 to 64 years	69.0	68.0	69.9	69.0	68.0	69.9
65 years and over	13.5	13.5	13.4	13.5	13.5	13.4
85 years and over	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Average age of the population	38.7	38.2	39.3	38.7	38.2	39.3
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,535	...	...	48.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,035	...	...	9.1	...	...
Row house	1,150	...	...	10.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	640	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,825	...	...	16.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,130	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,310	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	3,815	...	...	33.3	...	...
3 persons	1,840	...	...	16.1	...	...
4 persons	1,595	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	880	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	23,250	11,315	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	12,805	6,370	6,435	55.1	56.3	53.9
Married	8,950	4,470	4,485	38.5	39.5	37.6
Living common-law	3,855	1,900	1,955	16.6	16.8	16.4
Living common law - Never married	3,085	1,515	1,565	13.3	13.4	13.1
Living common law - Separated	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	615	315	305	2.6	2.8	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	10,445	4,940	5,500	44.9	43.7	46.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,420	3,810	3,605	31.9	33.7	30.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	515	220	290	2.2	1.9	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,675	705	965	7.2	6.2	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	845	200	640	3.6	1.8	5.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,025	...	...	52.5	...	...
3 persons	1,635	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	1,430	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 or more persons	565	...	...	7.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,230	...	...	81.3	...	...
Married couples	4,300	...	...	56.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,355	...	...	30.7	...	...
Without children	1,945	...	...	25.4	...	...
Common-law couples	1,925	...	...	25.1	...	...
With children⁶	725	...	...	9.5	...	...
Without children	1,205	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,430	...	...	18.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,045	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	385	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	27,725	13,605	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	21,655	10,680	10,975	78.1	78.5	77.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,455	6,180	6,275	44.9	45.4	44.5
Parents in one-parent families	1,430	380	1,050	5.2	2.8	7.4
Children⁶	7,770	4,115	3,650	28.0	30.2	25.9
In a two-parent family	5,570	2,950	2,615	20.1	21.7	18.5
In a one-parent family	2,200	1,160	1,035	7.9	8.5	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,075	2,930	3,140	21.9	21.5	22.2
Living alone	3,310	1,480	1,830	11.9	10.9	13.0
Living with other relatives⁷	740	330	410	2.7	2.4	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	2,020	1,125	900	7.3	8.3	6.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,495	...	...	56.8	...	...
Couple-family households	5,405	...	...	47.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,705	...	...	23.7	...	...
Without children	2,700	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,090	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	265	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	555	...	...	4.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	710	...	...	6.2	...	...
One-person households	3,310	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	22,785	11,040	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,080	10,640	11,435	96.9	96.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,200	61,200	57,200	59,200	61,200	57,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,085	10,650	11,435	96.9	96.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	54,000	51,200	52,400	54,000	51,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,720	9,975	10,745	90.9	90.4	91.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,400	60,000	52,800	56,400	60,000	52,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,390	8,940	9,445	80.7	81.0	80.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	59,600	54,400	56,800	59,600	54,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,570	8,600	9,970	81.5	77.9	84.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,720	3,600	5,480	4,720	3,600	5,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,795	870	925	7.9	7.9	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,520	6,160	5,880	5,520	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,805	2,290	2,515	21.1	20.7	21.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	22,785	11,035	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,095	10,660	11,435	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,700	72,300	63,400	67,700	72,300	63,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,110	10,670	11,435	97.0	96.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,500	60,300	54,900	57,500	60,300	54,900
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,700	9,970	10,730	90.8	90.3	91.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	70,400	59,200	64,600	70,400	59,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,385	8,935	9,450	80.7	81.0	80.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,450	66,200	56,950	61,450	66,200	56,950
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,720	8,620	10,095	82.2	78.1	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,470	7,960	8,910	8,470	7,960	8,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,885	900	980	8.3	8.2	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,320	8,000	7,200	6,320	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,710	2,215	2,500	20.7	20.1	21.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,970	7,910	8,020	7,970	7,910	8,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	22,785	11,040	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,945	4,975	4,970	43.6	45.1	42.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	79,500	84,000	76,000	79,500	84,000	76,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,900	89,500	78,400	83,900	89,500	78,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,715	3,130	3,590	29.5	28.4	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	30,800	25,800	28,400	30,800	25,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,480	39,400	35,800	37,480	39,400	35,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.4	91.0	87.6	89.4	91.0	87.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.6	76.8	74.2	75.6	76.8	74.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.6	8.9	12.4	10.6	8.9	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	2.5	3.3	2.9	2.5	3.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.5	2.3	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	22,785	11,035	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	705	400	310	3.1	3.6	2.6
With total income	22,075	10,640	11,440	96.9	96.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,260	625	635	5.7	5.9	5.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,530	730	800	6.9	6.9	7.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,360	1,065	1,300	10.7	10.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,195	970	1,225	9.9	9.1	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,045	970	1,075	9.3	9.1	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,825	855	965	8.3	8.0	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,815	830	990	8.2	7.8	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,870	805	1,060	8.5	7.6	9.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,645	730	910	7.5	6.9	8.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	740	755	6.8	7.0	6.6
$100,000 and over	4,040	2,315	1,725	18.3	21.8	15.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,045	1,665	1,380	13.8	15.6	12.1
$150,000 and over	995	650	340	4.5	6.1	3.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	22,785	11,035	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	695	390	310	3.1	3.5	2.6
With after-tax income	22,090	10,650	11,440	96.9	96.5	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,320	655	665	6.0	6.2	5.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,595	755	840	7.2	7.1	7.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,625	1,185	1,440	11.9	11.1	12.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,590	1,190	1,405	11.7	11.2	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,355	1,125	1,230	10.7	10.6	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,220	1,050	1,165	10.0	9.9	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,395	1,015	1,375	10.8	9.5	12.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	985	1,160	9.7	9.2	10.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,635	840	795	7.4	7.9	6.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	555	510	4.8	5.2	4.5
$100,000 and over	2,130	1,295	840	9.6	12.2	7.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,285	755	535	5.8	7.1	4.7
$125,000 and over	840	535	300	3.8	5.0	2.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	22,785	11,035	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,400	2,100	2,300	19.3	19.0	19.6
With employment income	18,385	8,940	9,445	80.7	81.0	80.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,720	785	935	9.4	8.8	9.9
$5,000 to $9,999	940	385	555	5.1	4.3	5.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,530	695	835	8.3	7.8	8.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,305	600	705	7.1	6.7	7.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,435	710	725	7.8	7.9	7.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,385	685	700	7.5	7.7	7.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,310	625	680	7.1	7.0	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	640	800	7.9	7.2	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,530	660	870	8.3	7.4	9.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,345	630	720	7.3	7.0	7.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	645	635	6.9	7.2	6.7
$100,000 and over	3,170	1,890	1,285	17.2	21.1	13.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,790	985	810	9.7	11.0	8.6
$125,000 and over	1,380	900	480	7.5	10.1	5.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	22,785	11,040	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,790	10,495	11,295	95.6	95.1	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,600	58,000	53,600	55,600	58,000	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,800	10,500	11,300	95.7	95.1	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	51,600	48,400	49,600	51,600	48,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,580	9,915	10,665	90.3	89.8	90.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	57,600	50,800	54,000	57,600	50,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,495	8,990	9,505	81.2	81.4	80.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	57,200	51,200	54,000	57,200	51,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,895	7,765	9,125	74.1	70.3	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,320	484	2,560	1,320	484	2,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,750	850	905	7.7	7.7	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,960	7,750	6,750	5,960	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	22,785	11,035	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,850	10,525	11,325	95.9	95.4	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,200	69,500	61,250	65,200	69,500	61,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,860	10,525	11,335	95.9	95.4	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,100	58,000	52,350	55,100	58,000	52,350
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,670	10,000	10,670	90.7	90.6	90.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,750	68,700	59,100	63,750	68,700	59,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,540	9,030	9,510	81.4	81.8	81.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,600	63,950	55,500	59,600	63,950	55,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,065	7,855	9,215	74.9	71.2	78.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,690	6,780	6,280	5,690	6,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,755	740	1,015	7.7	6.7	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,970	6,330	9,180	7,970	6,330	9,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	22,785	11,040	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,845	4,900	4,950	43.2	44.4	42.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	79,500	71,500	75,000	79,500	71,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,900	84,400	73,500	78,900	84,400	73,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,505	3,040	3,465	28.5	27.5	29.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	33,200	27,200	30,600	33,200	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,920	42,360	37,760	39,920	42,360	37,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4	93.8	91.0	92.4	93.8	91.0
Employment income (%)	77.6	79.0	76.0	77.6	79.0	76.0
Government transfers (%)	7.5	6.1	9.0	7.5	6.1	9.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.3	1.0	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,950	...	...	58,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	140	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	265	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	255	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	280	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	250	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	535	...	...	4.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	635	...	...	5.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	650	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	665	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	620	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,415	...	...	56.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,440	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,115	...	...	9.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,920	...	...	16.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,950	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	350	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	245	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	320	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	295	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	300	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	690	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	810	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	800	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	745	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	715	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,560	...	...	48.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,500	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,305	...	...	11.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,750	...	...	24.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,335	2,600	2,730	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	49,600	54,400	51,600	49,600	54,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	44,800	48,800	46,800	44,800	48,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,400	...	...	153,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,400	...	...	123,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,200	...	...	185,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,195	2,465	2,725	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	63,100	62,600	63,550	63,100	62,600	63,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,250	53,300	55,150	54,250	53,300	55,150
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,870	3,050	2,820	21.2	22.4	20.0
0 to 5 years	1,930	970	960	7.0	7.1	6.8
18 to 64 years	18,310	8,815	9,495	66.0	64.8	67.3
65 years and over	3,545	1,745	1,805	12.8	12.8	12.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,590	800	790	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	370	205	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	65	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	835	420	420	...	...	...
65 years and over	390	180	210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.7	5.9	5.6	5.7	5.9	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.7	5.9	6.3	6.7	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	6.6	7.8	7.2	6.6	7.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.4
65 years and over (%)	10.9	10.3	11.5	10.9	10.3	11.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	8,505	4,165	4,340	30.7	30.6	30.7
In bottom decile	1,665	850	815	6.0	6.2	5.8
In second decile	1,535	735	805	5.5	5.4	5.7
In third decile	1,645	810	840	5.9	6.0	6.0
In fourth decile	1,630	795	835	5.9	5.8	5.9
In fifth decile	2,025	980	1,045	7.3	7.2	7.4
In top half of the distribution	19,220	9,445	9,775	69.3	69.4	69.3
In sixth decile	2,390	1,155	1,235	8.6	8.5	8.7
In seventh decile	2,845	1,350	1,495	10.3	9.9	10.6
In eighth decile	3,770	1,825	1,945	13.6	13.4	13.8
In ninth decile	4,770	2,365	2,405	17.2	17.4	17.0
In top decile	5,450	2,750	2,700	19.7	20.2	19.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	27,725	...	...	27,725	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.355	...	...	0.355	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.261	...	...	0.261	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	27,815	13,660	14,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	23,255	11,540	11,715	83.6	84.5	82.8
French only	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	4,365	2,030	2,335	15.7	14.9	16.5
Neither English nor French	125	65	65	0.4	0.5	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	27,815	13,660	14,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	26,325	12,905	13,415	94.6	94.5	94.8
French	1,250	635	615	4.5	4.6	4.3
English and French	120	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	120	65	65	0.4	0.5	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	27,815	13,660	14,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	26,800	13,165	13,635	96.4	96.4	96.3
Official languages	23,160	11,460	11,705	83.3	83.9	82.7
English	21,945	10,830	11,120	78.9	79.3	78.6
French	1,215	625	590	4.4	4.6	4.2
Non-official languages	3,635	1,705	1,930	13.1	12.5	13.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	100	35	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	85	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Tutchone	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southern Tutchone	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tutchone, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,530	1,675	1,860	12.7	12.3	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,165	510	650	4.2	3.7	4.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	900	405	500	3.2	3.0	3.5
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	15	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,470	770	700	5.3	5.6	4.9
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	80	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	400	195	210	1.4	1.4	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	305	150	155	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	260	125	135	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	615	350	260	2.2	2.6	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	590	335	255	2.1	2.5	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	65	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	390	225	160	1.4	1.6	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	130	135	0.9	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	210	100	105	0.8	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	120	195	1.1	0.9	1.4
Chinese languages	315	120	195	1.1	0.9	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	50	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	65	110	0.6	0.5	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,015	500	520	3.6	3.7	3.7
English and French	335	175	160	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	575	275	300	2.1	2.0	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	27,815	13,660	14,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,525	11,150	11,375	81.0	81.6	80.4
French	535	260	275	1.9	1.9	1.9
Non-official language	800	410	390	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	795	410	390	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and French	945	470	480	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,780	1,265	1,520	10.0	9.3	10.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	27,815	13,660	14,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	27,105	13,335	13,770	97.4	97.6	97.3
Official languages	25,160	12,380	12,775	90.5	90.6	90.3
English	24,430	12,020	12,415	87.8	88.0	87.7
French	725	360	365	2.6	2.6	2.6
Non-official languages	1,950	960	990	7.0	7.0	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,945	960	985	7.0	7.0	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	765	360	405	2.8	2.6	2.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	610	290	320	2.2	2.1	2.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	680	360	315	2.4	2.6	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	485	265	220	1.7	1.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	470	260	215	1.7	1.9	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	185	145	1.2	1.4	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	45	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	90	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	210	90	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	55	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	710	325	385	2.6	2.4	2.7
English and French	175	90	85	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	500	225	270	1.8	1.6	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	27,815	13,660	14,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,425	12,080	12,345	87.8	88.4	87.2
English	1,055	500	555	3.8	3.7	3.9
French	635	315	320	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-official language	1,245	555	690	4.5	4.1	4.9
Indigenous³⁹	110	45	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	1,135	510	625	4.1	3.7	4.4
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	100	105	0.8	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	150	65	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	27,730	13,605	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	27,620	13,560	14,060	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	27,540	13,535	14,010	99.3	99.5	99.3
French	4,440	1,985	2,455	16.0	14.6	17.4
Non-official languages	5,480	2,555	2,925	19.8	18.8	20.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	95	115	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	155	65	90	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	125	45	80	0.5	0.3	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Tutchone	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern Tutchone	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,280	2,460	2,820	19.0	18.1	20.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,580	700	885	5.7	5.1	6.3
Bikol	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	195	85	110	0.7	0.6	0.8
Fijian	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hiligaynon	110	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ilocano	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,450	640	810	5.2	4.7	5.7
Waray-Waray	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	185	75	105	0.7	0.6	0.7
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	55	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Tamil	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,700	1,370	1,330	9.7	10.1	9.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	110	120	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	110	120	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	760	385	375	2.7	2.8	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	315	285	2.2	2.3	2.0
German	575	305	265	2.1	2.2	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	65	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	120	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	770	450	325	2.8	3.3	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	750	430	320	2.7	3.2	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	430	255	180	1.6	1.9	1.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	240	220	1.6	1.8	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	135	100	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	985	430	545	3.6	3.2	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	925	400	525	3.3	2.9	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	85	85	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	75	10	60	0.3	0.1	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	65	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	175	230	1.5	1.3	1.6
Chinese languages	405	175	230	1.5	1.3	1.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	110	125	0.8	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	85	145	0.8	0.6	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,530	2,065	2,465	16.3	15.2	17.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,385	1,975	2,410	15.8	14.5	17.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,235	1,440	1,795	11.7	10.6	12.7
Métis	950	445	500	3.4	3.3	3.5
Inuk (Inuit)	205	85	115	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	65	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	23,195	11,545	11,650	83.7	84.8	82.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,610	1,150	1,465	9.4	8.4	10.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	25,110	12,460	12,655	90.6	91.6	89.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,735	...	...	67.6	...	...
Renter	3,700	...	...	32.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,965	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not condominium	9,470	...	...	82.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,475	...	...	12.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,005	...	...	26.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,140	...	...	36.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,685	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,840	...	...	33.6	...	...
5 rooms	1,895	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	1,840	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	1,400	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,460	...	...	21.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,180	...	...	97.8	...	...
More than one person per room	255	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	10,825	...	...	94.7	...	...
Not suitable	610	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	930	...	...	8.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,440	...	...	30.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,225	...	...	10.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,760	...	...	15.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	665	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	985	...	...	8.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,130	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,295	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,370	...	...	90.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,060	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,440	...	...	47.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,235	...	...	45.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	760	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	295	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,015	...	...	17.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,375	...	...	20.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,125	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,215	...	...	19.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,620	...	...	14.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	590	...	...	5.2	...	...
85 years and over	200	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,465	...	...	82.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,955	...	...	17.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,835	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,315	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,670	...	...	14.6	...	...
Not suitable only	515	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	815	...	...	7.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	210	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,125	...	...	71.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,175	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	10,125	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,735	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.0	...	...	67.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,754	...	...	1,754	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	521,000	...	...	521,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,700	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,474	...	...	1,474	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	27,725	13,610	14,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,000	910	1,085	7.2	6.7	7.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,875	860	1,020	6.8	6.3	7.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,670	755	910	6.0	5.5	6.4
Métis single ancestry	110	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	105	45	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	125	55	70	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,800	1,310	1,490	10.1	9.6	10.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,730	1,265	1,470	9.8	9.3	10.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,965	925	1,040	7.1	6.8	7.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	675	290	380	2.4	2.1	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	22,925	11,385	11,535	82.7	83.7	81.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	25,230	12,320	12,905	91.0	90.5	91.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,685	2,960	2,725	20.5	21.7	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	19,545	9,360	10,185	70.5	68.8	72.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,500	1,285	1,215	9.0	9.4	8.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,715	11,235	11,480	81.9	82.5	81.3
Immigrants⁸¹	4,195	1,950	2,245	15.1	14.3	15.9
Before 1980	780	380	395	2.8	2.8	2.8
1980 to 1990	265	105	160	1.0	0.8	1.1
1991 to 2000	485	180	305	1.7	1.3	2.2
2001 to 2010	870	420	445	3.1	3.1	3.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,805	865	935	6.5	6.4	6.6
2011 to 2015	850	385	470	3.1	2.8	3.3
2016 to 2021	955	485	465	3.4	3.6	3.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	815	425	390	2.9	3.1	2.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,195	1,945	2,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	345	180	170	8.2	9.3	7.6
5 to 14 years	675	320	355	16.1	16.5	15.8
15 to 24 years	825	400	430	19.7	20.6	19.2
25 to 44 years	2,010	895	1,120	47.9	46.0	49.9
45 years and over	330	155	175	7.9	8.0	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,195	1,945	2,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	575	270	305	13.7	13.9	13.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	10	25	1.0	0.5	1.1
Mexico	60	25	30	1.4	1.3	1.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	360	185	175	8.6	9.5	7.8
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	50	2.1	1.8	2.2
Europe	1,185	575	605	28.2	29.6	26.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
France	90	40	45	2.1	2.1	2.0
Germany	235	115	115	5.6	5.9	5.1
Greece	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Hungary	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	70	40	35	1.7	2.1	1.6
Poland	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Romania	25	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	35	20	10	0.8	1.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	395	165	230	9.4	8.5	10.2
Other places of birth in Europe	260	130	125	6.2	6.7	5.6
Africa	170	100	70	4.1	5.1	3.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	50	40	2.0	2.6	1.8
Asia	2,175	960	1,215	51.8	49.4	54.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	65	110	4.1	3.3	4.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	60	15	50	1.4	0.8	2.2
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Philippines	1,325	580	745	31.6	29.8	33.2
Viet Nam	40	0	35	1.0	0.0	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	330	180	150	7.9	9.3	6.7
Pakistan	55	40	20	1.3	2.1	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	110	50	65	2.6	2.6	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90	40	45	2.1	2.1	2.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	950	485	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	55	60	12.1	11.3	12.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	1.6	0.0	2.2
Mexico	30	15	20	3.2	3.1	4.3
United States of America	30	15	15	3.2	3.1	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	3.2	3.1	3.2
Europe	160	100	60	16.8	20.6	12.9
France	20	15	0	2.1	3.1	0.0
Germany	30	10	15	3.2	2.1	3.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	15	3.7	4.1	3.2
Other places of birth in Europe	65	40	25	6.8	8.2	5.4
Africa	65	40	25	6.8	8.2	5.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	0	2.1	2.1	0.0
Asia	580	270	310	61.1	55.7	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	3.2	2.1	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	230	135	95	24.2	27.8	20.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	15	20	4.2	3.1	4.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	2.6	2.1	3.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	15	10	2.6	3.1	2.2
Philippines	215	90	125	22.6	18.6	26.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.6	0.0	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	35	15	20	3.7	3.1	4.3
Australia	25	10	20	2.6	2.1	4.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	27,730	13,605	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,265	2,485	2,780	19.0	18.3	19.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,715	2,305	2,405	17.0	16.9	17.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,750	8,820	8,935	64.0	64.8	63.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,420	1,570	1,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,390	1,135	1,250	69.9	72.3	67.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,220	580	635	35.7	36.9	34.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,170	560	615	34.2	35.7	33.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	885	360	525	25.9	22.9	28.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	125	65	55	3.7	4.1	3.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,420	1,570	1,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	35	40	2.0	2.2	2.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	935	435	495	27.3	27.7	26.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	60	20	45	1.8	1.3	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	325	140	185	9.5	8.9	10.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,025	930	1,090	59.2	59.2	58.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	27,725	13,605	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,660	2,165	2,490	16.8	15.9	17.6
South Asian	975	525	450	3.5	3.9	3.2
Chinese	540	245	300	1.9	1.8	2.1
Black	520	265	255	1.9	1.9	1.8
Filipino	1,820	780	1,040	6.6	5.7	7.4
Arab	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	215	100	115	0.8	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	150	60	85	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	80	15	65	0.3	0.1	0.5
Japanese	165	80	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	140	70	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,070	11,440	11,625	83.2	84.1	82.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,450	1,735	1,715	12.4	12.7	12.2
English	6,780	3,220	3,560	24.5	23.7	25.2
Irish	5,355	2,615	2,745	19.3	19.2	19.4
Scottish	5,990	3,000	2,990	21.6	22.0	21.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,035	1,440	1,600	10.9	10.6	11.3
German	3,715	1,880	1,835	13.4	13.8	13.0
Chinese	735	340	395	2.7	2.5	2.8
Italian	480	240	240	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indian (India)	650	330	320	2.3	2.4	2.3
Ukrainian	1,435	710	725	5.2	5.2	5.1
Dutch	1,335	615	715	4.8	4.5	5.1
Polish	715	330	380	2.6	2.4	2.7
Québécois	90	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,025	470	550	3.7	3.5	3.9
Filipino	1,650	690	955	6.0	5.1	6.8
French Canadian	445	210	235	1.6	1.5	1.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	635	320	320	2.3	2.4	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,875	895	975	6.8	6.6	6.9
Métis	910	415	500	3.3	3.0	3.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	770	405	365	2.8	3.0	2.6
Russian	470	205	270	1.7	1.5	1.9
Norwegian	1,070	525	545	3.9	3.9	3.9
Welsh	855	410	445	3.1	3.0	3.2
Portuguese	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
American	480	245	240	1.7	1.8	1.7
Spanish	345	180	165	1.2	1.3	1.2
Swedish	645	330	315	2.3	2.4	2.2
Hungarian	295	145	150	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	165	60	110	0.6	0.4	0.8
Pakistani	85	65	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	170	75	100	0.6	0.6	0.7
Punjabi	135	80	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Vietnamese	90	35	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	90	95	0.6	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	290	110	180	1.0	0.8	1.3
Korean	100	25	75	0.4	0.2	0.5
Romanian	120	40	80	0.4	0.3	0.6
Lebanese	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Danish	305	150	160	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	230	130	100	0.8	1.0	0.7
Sikh	115	50	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austrian	240	135	105	0.9	1.0	0.7
Belgian	185	95	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	125	75	45	0.5	0.6	0.3
Mennonite	130	70	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Swiss	300	155	145	1.1	1.1	1.0
Finnish	235	135	100	0.8	1.0	0.7
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	75	20	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
Japanese	215	100	120	0.8	0.7	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170	70	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	230	105	120	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	135	75	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	55	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Newfoundlander	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	140	70	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	95	25	70	0.3	0.2	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	85	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Columbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	27,725	13,610	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	190	75	120	0.7	0.6	0.9
Christian	10,165	4,655	5,510	36.7	34.2	39.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,855	850	1,005	6.7	6.2	7.1
Anabaptist	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anglican	1,195	540	660	4.3	4.0	4.7
Baptist	510	230	275	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catholic	4,395	2,040	2,365	15.9	15.0	16.8
Christian Orthodox	105	65	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	120	50	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	315	140	165	1.1	1.0	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	55	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	210	95	115	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	80	20	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
Reformed	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	735	295	445	2.7	2.2	3.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	435	210	225	1.6	1.5	1.6
Hindu	240	140	100	0.9	1.0	0.7
Jewish	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	175	120	55	0.6	0.9	0.4
Sikh	375	175	195	1.4	1.3	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	340	110	225	1.2	0.8	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	16,150	8,285	7,865	58.3	60.9	55.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	27,460	13,485	13,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,885	11,345	11,540	83.3	84.1	82.6
Movers	4,570	2,145	2,430	16.6	15.9	17.4
Non-migrants	3,140	1,450	1,690	11.4	10.8	12.1
Migrants	1,430	695	730	5.2	5.2	5.2
Internal migrants	1,225	610	615	4.5	4.5	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	165	85	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,060	525	535	3.9	3.9	3.8
External migrants	200	85	120	0.7	0.6	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	26,180	12,870	13,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,595	6,705	6,895	51.9	52.1	51.8
Movers	12,585	6,165	6,420	48.1	47.9	48.2
Non-migrants	6,675	3,325	3,350	25.5	25.8	25.2
Migrants	5,905	2,840	3,075	22.6	22.1	23.1
Internal migrants	4,665	2,160	2,505	17.8	16.8	18.8
Intraprovincial migrants	890	430	460	3.4	3.3	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,775	1,730	2,045	14.4	13.4	15.4
External migrants	1,240	670	570	4.7	5.2	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,785	11,040	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,370	2,045	1,325	14.8	18.5	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,420	8,995	10,420	85.2	81.5	88.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,145	7,635	8,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,505	960	545	9.3	12.6	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,645	6,675	7,965	90.7	87.4	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,785	11,040	11,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,825	1,690	1,135	12.4	15.3	9.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,850	2,965	2,880	25.7	26.9	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,115	6,380	7,730	61.9	57.8	65.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,160	3,555	3,600	31.4	32.2	30.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,970	1,555	415	8.6	14.1	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	675	400	280	3.0	3.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,290	1,155	135	5.7	10.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,295	1,625	2,675	18.9	14.7	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	890	380	515	3.9	3.4	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,955	2,825	4,130	30.5	25.6	35.2
Bachelor's degree	4,315	1,790	2,530	18.9	16.2	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	425	155	270	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	50	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	1,905	730	1,180	8.4	6.6	10.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	95	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,150	7,635	8,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,175	760	415	7.3	10.0	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,585	1,920	1,665	22.2	25.1	19.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,385	4,955	6,430	70.5	64.9	75.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,405	2,615	2,790	33.5	34.3	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,410	1,085	325	8.7	14.2	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	460	255	205	2.8	3.3	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	945	830	115	5.9	10.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,315	1,245	2,065	20.5	16.3	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	680	285	400	4.2	3.7	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,980	2,340	3,635	37.0	30.6	42.7
Bachelor's degree	3,700	1,495	2,200	22.9	19.6	25.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	370	145	230	2.3	1.9	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	40	60	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	1,660	585	1,080	10.3	7.7	12.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	80	70	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,785	11,040	11,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,670	4,660	4,010	38.1	42.2	34.1
Education	1,165	345	825	5.1	3.1	7.0
13. Education	1,165	345	825	5.1	3.1	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	125	170	1.3	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	275	105	170	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	760	325	440	3.3	2.9	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	155	55	100	0.7	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	125	145	1.2	1.1	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	120	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,025	715	1,305	8.9	6.5	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	110	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	55	285	1.5	0.5	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	255	90	160	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	10	60	0.3	0.1	0.5
42. Psychology	290	80	215	1.3	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	815	365	455	3.6	3.3	3.9
Business, management and public administration	2,635	725	1,915	11.6	6.6	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	115	340	2.0	1.0	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,180	610	1,570	9.6	5.5	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	385	340	3.2	3.5	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	340	165	175	1.5	1.5	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	170	105	60	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	250	175	1.9	2.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	310	190	125	1.4	1.7	1.1
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	40	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,610	2,310	305	11.5	20.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	125	75	45	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	490	370	120	2.2	3.4	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	390	345	45	1.7	3.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	775	725	55	3.4	6.6	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	665	635	30	2.9	5.8	0.3
48. Precision production	170	160	10	0.7	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	680	350	330	3.0	3.2	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	535	280	260	2.3	2.5	2.2
Health and related fields	1,925	420	1,500	8.4	3.8	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	200	90	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,690	325	1,365	7.4	2.9	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	855	435	420	3.8	3.9	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	465	165	305	2.0	1.5	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	205	105	100	0.9	1.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	160	20	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,145	7,635	8,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,765	2,680	2,080	29.5	35.1	24.4
Education	925	275	650	5.7	3.6	7.6
13. Education	925	275	650	5.7	3.6	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230	95	125	1.4	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	80	130	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	540	215	325	3.3	2.8	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	70	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	75	105	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	95	40	60	0.6	0.5	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,680	530	1,145	10.4	6.9	13.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	85	115	1.3	1.1	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235	30	210	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	220	70	150	1.4	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	55	0.4	0.1	0.6
42. Psychology	255	65	185	1.6	0.9	2.2
45. Social sciences	685	270	415	4.2	3.5	4.9
Business, management and public administration	2,140	560	1,580	13.3	7.3	18.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	85	285	2.3	1.1	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,770	475	1,295	11.0	6.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	625	315	310	3.9	4.1	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	145	150	1.9	1.9	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	60	75	0.8	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	150	90	60	0.9	1.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	235	155	2.4	3.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	285	185	110	1.8	2.4	1.3
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,965	1,700	265	12.2	22.3	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	115	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	415	315	100	2.6	4.1	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	285	260	25	1.8	3.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	580	530	50	3.6	6.9	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	455	25	3.0	6.0	0.3
48. Precision production	85	80	10	0.5	1.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	610	290	320	3.8	3.8	3.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	55	70	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	485	235	245	3.0	3.1	2.9
Health and related fields	1,615	395	1,225	10.0	5.2	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	85	90	1.1	1.1	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,420	310	1,115	8.8	4.1	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	670	345	325	4.1	4.5	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	365	145	220	2.3	1.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	165	80	90	1.0	1.0	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	135	120	15	0.8	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,145	7,635	8,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,765	2,680	2,080	29.5	35.1	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,385	4,955	6,435	70.5	64.9	75.6
Location of study inside Canada	9,205	4,020	5,180	57.0	52.7	60.9
Same as province or territory of residence	1,950	785	1,165	12.1	10.3	13.7
Different than province or territory of residence	7,250	3,235	4,015	44.9	42.4	47.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,185	940	1,250	13.5	12.3	14.7
Americas	370	160	210	2.3	2.1	2.5
United States of America	295	125	165	1.8	1.6	1.9
Mexico	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	580	245	335	3.6	3.2	3.9
Belgium	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	85	45	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
Germany	90	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Netherlands	40	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	55	110	1.0	0.7	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	35	70	0.6	0.5	0.8
Africa	65	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	30	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	1,075	440	630	6.7	5.8	7.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.1
Philippines	675	265	410	4.2	3.5	4.8
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	195	90	100	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistan	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	95	50	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Australia	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	22,785	11,040	11,745	...	...	...
In the labour force	16,900	8,250	8,655	...	...	...
Employed	15,960	7,755	8,210	...	...	...
Unemployed	940	495	450	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,885	2,790	3,095	...	...	...
Participation rate	74.2	74.7	73.7	74.2	74.7	73.7
Employment rate	70.0	70.2	69.9	70.0	70.2	69.9
Unemployment rate	5.6	6.0	5.2	5.6	6.0	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	22,785	11,040	11,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,530	2,600	2,935	24.3	23.6	25.0
Worked	17,250	8,435	8,810	75.7	76.4	75.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,120	5,065	5,055	44.4	45.9	43.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,130	3,370	3,755	31.3	30.5	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.8	42.6	42.7	42.8	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,900	8,250	8,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	130	100	1.4	1.6	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,675	8,125	8,555	98.7	98.5	98.8
Employee	14,595	6,920	7,680	86.4	83.9	88.7
Permanent position	11,780	5,600	6,175	69.7	67.9	71.3
Temporary position	2,815	1,320	1,500	16.7	16.0	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,010	455	555	6.0	5.5	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,805	860	940	10.7	10.4	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,075	1,200	880	12.3	14.5	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,900	8,250	8,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	130	100	1.4	1.6	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,675	8,125	8,555	98.7	98.5	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	270	105	165	1.6	1.3	1.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,230	830	2,395	19.1	10.1	27.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,330	940	395	7.9	11.4	4.6
3 Health occupations	1,245	240	1,000	7.4	2.9	11.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,230	1,085	2,150	19.1	13.2	24.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	560	245	320	3.3	3.0	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	3,460	1,665	1,795	20.5	20.2	20.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,835	2,610	225	16.8	31.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	290	220	65	1.7	2.7	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	220	175	45	1.3	2.1	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,900	8,250	8,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	130	100	1.4	1.6	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	16,675	8,125	8,555	98.7	98.5	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	115	75	40	0.7	0.9	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	390	285	105	2.3	3.5	1.2
22 Utilities	130	95	30	0.8	1.2	0.3
23 Construction	1,425	1,265	160	8.4	15.3	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	230	175	55	1.4	2.1	0.6
41 Wholesale trade	230	165	65	1.4	2.0	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	1,745	1,015	725	10.3	12.3	8.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	625	430	195	3.7	5.2	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	430	250	180	2.5	3.0	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	275	115	160	1.6	1.4	1.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	190	110	75	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	980	510	465	5.8	6.2	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	390	260	130	2.3	3.2	1.5
61 Educational services	1,215	355	860	7.2	4.3	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,175	485	1,695	12.9	5.9	19.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365	180	185	2.2	2.2	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	895	370	530	5.3	4.5	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	770	340	425	4.6	4.1	4.9
91 Public administration	4,110	1,645	2,465	24.3	19.9	28.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,200	8,880	9,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,240	8,475	8,760	94.7	95.4	94.0
French	195	50	140	1.1	0.6	1.5
Non-official language	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and French	530	240	290	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	210	100	115	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,200	8,880	9,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,110	8,830	9,280	99.5	99.4	99.6
Official languages	18,080	8,815	9,265	99.3	99.3	99.4
English	17,810	8,745	9,065	97.9	98.5	97.3
French	265	70	195	1.5	0.8	2.1
Non-official languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	65	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,200	8,880	9,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,535	8,585	8,950	96.3	96.7	96.0
English	90	25	65	0.5	0.3	0.7
French	395	195	200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Non-official language	175	75	95	1.0	0.8	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	155	65	85	0.9	0.7	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,960	7,760	8,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,725	770	955	10.8	9.9	11.6
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,715	1,290	420	10.7	16.6	5.1
Usual place of work	12,510	5,680	6,830	78.4	73.2	83.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,510	5,680	6,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,885	5,340	6,545	95.0	94.0	95.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	150	100	45	1.2	1.8	0.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different province or territory	475	240	235	3.8	4.2	3.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,220	6,975	7,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	12,150	6,055	6,090	85.4	86.8	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,130	5,790	5,345	78.3	83.0	73.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,020	265	750	7.2	3.8	10.3
Public transit	475	200	275	3.3	2.9	3.8
Walked	970	360	615	6.8	5.2	8.5
Bicycle	390	235	160	2.7	3.4	2.2
Other method	240	130	105	1.7	1.9	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,220	6,975	7,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,305	3,605	3,700	51.4	51.7	51.0
15 to 29 minutes	5,960	2,820	3,140	41.9	40.4	43.3
30 to 44 minutes	600	325	280	4.2	4.7	3.9
45 to 59 minutes	150	85	65	1.1	1.2	0.9
60 minutes and over	200	135	65	1.4	1.9	0.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,220	6,975	7,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	325	200	120	2.3	2.9	1.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,470	820	650	10.3	11.8	9.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,665	2,315	2,350	32.8	33.2	32.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,905	2,100	2,805	34.5	30.1	38.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,510	800	715	10.6	11.5	9.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,345	740	605	9.5	10.6	8.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,960	3,105	2,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	870	460	410	14.6	14.8	14.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,090	2,645	2,445	85.4	85.2	85.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,250	2,235	2,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	615	325	290	14.5	14.5	14.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	470	245	225	11.1	11.0	11.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	85	60	3.4	3.8	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,635	1,910	1,725	85.5	85.5	85.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table