Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Westmorland, County (CT)More information: New Brunswick [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	163,576	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	149,623	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	75,506	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	70,090	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	44.7	...	...	44.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,659.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	163,575	80,060	83,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,625	12,495	12,135	15.1	15.6	14.5
0 to 4 years	7,090	3,555	3,540	4.3	4.4	4.2
5 to 9 years	8,625	4,395	4,230	5.3	5.5	5.1
10 to 14 years	8,905	4,545	4,360	5.4	5.7	5.2
15 to 64 years	105,345	52,290	53,055	64.4	65.3	63.5
15 to 19 years	8,140	4,175	3,960	5.0	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	9,930	5,085	4,840	6.1	6.4	5.8
25 to 29 years	10,120	5,145	4,970	6.2	6.4	6.0
30 to 34 years	10,405	5,095	5,310	6.4	6.4	6.4
35 to 39 years	11,140	5,470	5,670	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	11,170	5,500	5,675	6.8	6.9	6.8
45 to 49 years	10,980	5,380	5,605	6.7	6.7	6.7
50 to 54 years	10,425	5,245	5,180	6.4	6.6	6.2
55 to 59 years	11,635	5,710	5,925	7.1	7.1	7.1
60 to 64 years	11,400	5,485	5,915	7.0	6.9	7.1
65 years and over	33,605	15,280	18,330	20.5	19.1	21.9
65 to 69 years	10,670	5,060	5,610	6.5	6.3	6.7
70 to 74 years	9,070	4,355	4,720	5.5	5.4	5.7
75 to 79 years	5,955	2,785	3,170	3.6	3.5	3.8
80 to 84 years	3,965	1,715	2,250	2.4	2.1	2.7
85 years and over	3,945	1,370	2,585	2.4	1.7	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,385	910	1,480	1.5	1.1	1.8
90 to 94 years	1,130	355	780	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	375	90	280	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.6	14.5	15.1	15.6	14.5
15 to 64 years	64.4	65.3	63.5	64.4	65.3	63.5
65 years and over	20.5	19.1	21.9	20.5	19.1	21.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.1	2.4	1.7	3.1
Average age of the population	43.0	42.1	43.9	43.0	42.1	43.9
Median age of the population	43.2	42.4	44.4	43.2	42.4	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	38,890	...	...	55.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,545	...	...	9.3	...	...
Row house	2,045	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,390	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,025	...	...	21.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,380	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	165	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,640	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	20,450	...	...	29.2	...	...
2 persons	27,220	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	10,405	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	8,415	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,595	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	159,515	77,965	81,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	138,955	67,570	71,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	80,295	40,110	40,185	57.8	59.4	56.3
Married	61,045	30,490	30,555	43.9	45.1	42.8
Living common-law	19,250	9,615	9,635	13.9	14.2	13.5
Living common law - Never married	13,975	6,980	6,995	10.1	10.3	9.8
Living common law - Separated	1,235	630	605	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	3,545	1,795	1,750	2.6	2.7	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	495	210	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	58,660	27,465	31,195	42.2	40.6	43.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,520	20,685	17,830	27.7	30.6	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,510	1,890	2,620	3.2	2.8	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,135	3,230	4,910	5.9	4.8	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,490	1,655	5,835	5.4	2.4	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	46,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	26,745	...	...	57.7	...	...
3 persons	9,415	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	7,690	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,520	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	46,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	39,370	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	29,740	...	...	64.1	...	...
With children⁶	13,395	...	...	28.9	...	...
Without children	16,350	...	...	35.3	...	...
Common-law couples	9,625	...	...	20.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,695	...	...	8.0	...	...
Without children	5,930	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,000	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,450	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,550	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	159,515	77,965	81,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	126,010	62,080	63,930	79.0	79.6	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	78,735	39,310	39,420	49.4	50.4	48.3
Parents in one-parent families	7,000	1,550	5,450	4.4	2.0	6.7
Children⁶	40,275	21,225	19,055	25.2	27.2	23.4
In a two-parent family	29,965	15,655	14,305	18.8	20.1	17.5
In a one-parent family	10,310	5,565	4,750	6.5	7.1	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,505	15,880	17,625	21.0	20.4	21.6
Living alone	20,455	8,990	11,465	12.8	11.5	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,825	1,615	2,215	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	9,225	5,280	3,950	5.8	6.8	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,835	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	36,380	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	15,835	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	20,545	...	...	29.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,455	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,205	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	315	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,090	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,190	...	...	6.0	...	...
One-person households	20,455	...	...	29.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	135,040	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,830	63,520	67,315	96.9	96.9	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,200	36,400	39,600	43,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,925	63,580	67,350	97.0	97.0	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,000	32,800	35,200	38,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,700	58,025	58,675	86.4	88.5	84.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,800	33,600	38,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,295	48,825	46,470	70.6	74.5	66.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	32,400	34,800	38,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,695	46,720	56,980	76.8	71.3	82.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	11,300	11,400	11,300	11,300	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,320	10,120	10,195	15.0	15.4	14.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,200	5,800	6,000	6,200	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,280	16,050	17,225	24.6	24.5	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	135,040	65,540	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,690	63,495	67,190	96.8	96.9	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,640	53,350	42,240	47,640	53,350	42,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,785	63,545	67,240	96.8	97.0	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,960	36,240	40,000	43,960	36,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,610	58,085	58,530	86.4	88.6	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,880	49,040	36,800	42,880	49,040	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,295	48,965	46,335	70.6	74.7	66.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,760	47,480	37,800	42,760	47,480	37,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,635	46,630	57,005	76.7	71.1	82.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,830	11,600	12,020	11,830	11,600	12,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,255	10,110	10,155	15.0	15.4	14.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,350	7,590	7,100	7,350	7,590	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,240	15,615	17,625	24.6	23.8	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530	8,470	8,570	8,530	8,470	8,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	135,035	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	46,805	25,210	21,600	34.7	38.5	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,400	52,000	55,600	58,400	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,850	68,900	57,900	63,850	68,900	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,575	17,920	19,655	27.8	27.3	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,000	15,300	17,000	19,000	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,180	27,200	21,440	24,180	27,200	21,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	84.0	75.8	80.4	84.0	75.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	68.6	61.7	65.4	68.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.7	16.0	24.2	19.7	16.0	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.5	6.5	5.4	4.5	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.3	4.6	3.9	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	135,040	65,540	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,210	2,020	2,185	3.1	3.1	3.1
With total income	130,830	63,520	67,310	96.9	96.9	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,565	4,240	5,325	7.3	6.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	15,400	5,945	9,455	11.8	9.4	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	21,600	9,495	12,105	16.5	14.9	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	19,980	9,395	10,585	15.3	14.8	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	18,110	8,585	9,530	13.8	13.5	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	13,210	6,840	6,370	10.1	10.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	9,265	5,005	4,260	7.1	7.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,650	3,790	2,855	5.1	6.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	5,020	2,590	2,430	3.8	4.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,470	1,900	1,575	2.7	3.0	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,560	5,740	2,825	6.5	9.0	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,965	3,885	2,080	4.6	6.1	3.1
$150,000 and over	2,600	1,855	745	2.0	2.9	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	135,040	65,540	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,110	1,965	2,145	3.0	3.0	3.1
With after-tax income	130,930	63,580	67,345	97.0	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,205	4,420	5,785	7.8	7.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	16,095	6,320	9,780	12.3	9.9	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	26,115	11,735	14,385	19.9	18.5	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	24,685	11,800	12,885	18.9	18.6	19.1
$40,000 to $49,999	19,545	9,895	9,655	14.9	15.6	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,735	6,785	5,950	9.7	10.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	8,100	4,370	3,735	6.2	6.9	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,240	2,840	2,400	4.0	4.5	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	1,715	1,085	2.1	2.7	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,575	1,030	545	1.2	1.6	0.8
$100,000 and over	3,825	2,675	1,150	2.9	4.2	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,950	1,330	620	1.5	2.1	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,875	1,345	530	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	135,040	65,540	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	39,740	16,715	23,025	29.4	25.5	33.1
With employment income	95,300	48,825	46,475	70.6	74.5	66.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,710	5,710	6,000	12.3	11.7	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	7,920	3,535	4,385	8.3	7.2	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,055	5,680	6,380	12.6	11.6	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,185	5,075	5,110	10.7	10.4	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,305	5,295	6,015	11.9	10.8	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,280	5,185	5,100	10.8	10.6	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,065	4,395	3,675	8.5	9.0	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,230	3,425	2,805	6.5	7.0	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,695	2,700	1,995	4.9	5.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,880	1,920	1,965	4.1	3.9	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,670	1,515	1,160	2.8	3.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,295	4,390	1,905	6.6	9.0	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,155	2,090	1,065	3.3	4.3	2.3
$125,000 and over	3,145	2,305	840	3.3	4.7	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	135,040	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,450	62,205	66,240	95.1	94.9	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,200	33,200	37,200	41,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,545	62,215	66,325	95.2	94.9	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,400	30,000	33,200	36,400	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,590	57,325	58,265	85.6	87.5	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	30,000	33,600	38,400	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,620	48,800	46,820	70.8	74.5	67.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	32,000	34,800	38,400	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,595	39,840	51,755	67.8	60.8	74.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	7,950	7,900	7,900	7,950	7,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	16,940	8,570	8,370	12.5	13.1	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	6,750	5,880	6,320	6,750	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	135,040	65,540	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,415	62,175	66,240	95.1	94.9	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	51,650	39,560	45,400	51,650	39,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,505	62,185	66,325	95.2	94.9	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,920	42,280	33,840	37,920	42,280	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,860	57,330	58,535	85.8	87.5	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	49,640	36,640	43,080	49,640	36,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,580	48,825	46,755	70.8	74.5	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	48,160	37,800	43,080	48,160	37,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,575	39,740	51,830	67.8	60.6	74.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,180	9,190	9,180	9,180	9,190	9,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,090	8,555	8,535	12.7	13.1	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,710	7,760	7,660	7,710	7,760	7,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	135,035	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	46,595	25,030	21,570	34.5	38.2	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,600	48,000	52,000	55,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,350	65,500	54,400	60,350	65,500	54,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,215	16,755	18,460	26.1	25.6	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	24,800	19,000	21,600	24,800	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	33,800	25,320	29,360	33,800	25,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	88.6	81.8	85.6	88.6	81.8
Employment income (%)	70.6	73.2	67.4	70.6	73.2	67.4
Government transfers (%)	14.4	11.4	18.2	14.4	11.4	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	70,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	49,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	70,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,040	...	...	45,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,120	...	...	38,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	49,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	590	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	990	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	980	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,450	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,485	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,850	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,300	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,310	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,135	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,965	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,510	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,230	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,870	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,125	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,670	...	...	32.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,885	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,330	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,610	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,845	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	680	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	600	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,010	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,050	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,745	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,160	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,470	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,905	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,850	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,595	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,000	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,505	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,090	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,995	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,140	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,285	...	...	23.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,265	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,825	...	...	6.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	46,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	29,680	14,265	15,410	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,400	34,400	35,200	36,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	32,400	31,400	32,000	32,400	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	46,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,200	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,450	...	...	61,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	29,710	14,265	15,450	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,480	43,320	39,800	41,480	43,320	39,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,480	36,520	34,560	35,480	36,520	34,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	159,515	77,960	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,290	14,910	14,380	18.4	19.1	17.6
0 to 5 years	8,670	4,345	4,325	5.4	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	98,855	48,530	50,330	62.0	62.2	61.7
65 years and over	31,365	14,525	16,845	19.7	18.6	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,600	9,300	11,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,570	2,315	2,255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,515	740	780	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,565	4,865	5,695	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,465	2,125	3,340	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	11.9	13.9	12.9	11.9	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.5	15.7	15.6	15.5	15.7
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	16.9	18.0	17.4	16.9	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.7	10.0	11.3	10.7	10.0	11.3
65 years and over (%)	17.4	14.6	19.8	17.4	14.6	19.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	159,480	77,945	81,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,285	14,910	14,375	18.4	19.1	17.6
0 to 5 years	8,670	4,350	4,325	5.4	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	98,840	48,520	50,320	62.0	62.2	61.7
65 years and over	31,355	14,515	16,840	19.7	18.6	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,645	3,870	3,775	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,530	775	750	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	450	220	230	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,660	2,920	2,740	...	...	...
65 years and over	460	170	285	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.0	4.6	4.8	5.0	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.0	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.0	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.4
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	159,515	77,960	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	93,960	45,250	48,715	58.9	58.0	59.7
In bottom decile	18,880	8,935	9,950	11.8	11.5	12.2
In second decile	19,965	9,325	10,645	12.5	12.0	13.1
In third decile	19,180	9,225	9,955	12.0	11.8	12.2
In fourth decile	18,080	8,900	9,180	11.3	11.4	11.3
In fifth decile	17,855	8,860	8,990	11.2	11.4	11.0
In top half of the distribution	65,555	32,715	32,835	41.1	42.0	40.3
In sixth decile	15,920	7,950	7,970	10.0	10.2	9.8
In seventh decile	15,430	7,645	7,780	9.7	9.8	9.5
In eighth decile	14,245	7,035	7,210	8.9	9.0	8.8
In ninth decile	11,325	5,680	5,645	7.1	7.3	6.9
In top decile	8,635	4,400	4,235	5.4	5.6	5.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	159,515	...	...	159,515	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	160,915	78,525	82,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	73,525	37,390	36,135	45.7	47.6	43.9
French only	5,615	2,565	3,045	3.5	3.3	3.7
English and French	81,170	38,290	42,880	50.4	48.8	52.0
Neither English nor French	615	285	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	160,915	78,525	82,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,390	47,310	48,080	59.3	60.2	58.4
French	62,800	29,905	32,890	39.0	38.1	39.9
English and French	2,165	1,050	1,110	1.3	1.3	1.3
Neither English nor French	565	260	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	160,915	78,525	82,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	154,405	75,390	79,020	96.0	96.0	95.9
Official languages	143,560	69,880	73,680	89.2	89.0	89.4
English	82,720	40,905	41,815	51.4	52.1	50.8
French	60,845	28,975	31,870	37.8	36.9	38.7
Non-official languages	10,845	5,510	5,340	6.7	7.0	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,825	5,500	5,325	6.7	7.0	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,595	860	735	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,525	820	710	0.9	1.0	0.9
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,470	785	680	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	510	240	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	505	235	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,270	535	735	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015	430	585	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	370	220	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,825	2,540	2,285	3.0	3.2	2.8
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	925	450	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	450	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	565	275	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	505	255	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,635	965	675	1.0	1.2	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,475	875	600	0.9	1.1	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	215	150	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	240	150	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	740	425	315	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,675	830	850	1.0	1.1	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	530	260	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	815	390	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	640	315	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	600	305	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	730	360	370	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	715	350	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	535	255	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,510	3,140	3,365	4.0	4.0	4.1
English and French	4,470	2,130	2,340	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,380	690	695	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	410	190	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	160,915	78,525	82,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,045	43,180	43,865	54.1	55.0	53.2
French	44,390	21,050	23,340	27.6	26.8	28.3
Non-official language	3,270	1,640	1,630	2.0	2.1	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,270	1,640	1,630	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and French	17,080	8,040	9,045	10.6	10.2	11.0
English and non-official language(s)	6,605	3,380	3,225	4.1	4.3	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	865	415	455	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,340	675	665	0.8	0.9	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	320	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	160,915	78,525	82,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	154,980	75,660	79,320	96.3	96.4	96.3
Official languages	148,000	72,130	75,870	92.0	91.9	92.1
English	96,105	47,530	48,575	59.7	60.5	59.0
French	51,890	24,600	27,295	32.2	31.3	33.1
Non-official languages	6,980	3,535	3,450	4.3	4.5	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,980	3,535	3,450	4.3	4.5	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,015	520	500	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	990	500	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	965	485	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	365	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	705	315	395	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	265	325	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	175	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	55	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,065	1,605	1,455	1.9	2.0	1.8
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	685	330	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	335	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	460	220	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	80	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,125	645	480	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,030	600	435	0.6	0.8	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	155	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	350	255	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,095	540	555	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	425	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	505	255	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	540	270	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	250	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	500	245	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	395	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,940	2,865	3,070	3.7	3.6	3.7
English and French	3,700	1,730	1,965	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,690	860	830	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	330	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	160,915	78,530	82,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,935	68,365	71,570	87.0	87.1	86.9
English	9,435	4,545	4,890	5.9	5.8	5.9
French	6,935	3,260	3,670	4.3	4.2	4.5
Non-official language	2,905	1,460	1,440	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,875	1,440	1,430	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	645	345	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	420	230	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	159,515	77,965	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	158,900	77,670	81,225	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	153,335	75,130	78,200	96.1	96.4	95.9
French	86,070	40,735	45,340	54.0	52.2	55.6
Non-official languages	17,640	8,855	8,780	11.1	11.4	10.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,560	8,815	8,745	11.0	11.3	10.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,450	1,330	1,125	1.5	1.7	1.4
Berber languages	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,335	1,275	1,070	1.5	1.6	1.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,110	1,145	965	1.3	1.5	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	215	120	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	600	305	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	600	305	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,800	780	1,020	1.1	1.0	1.3
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,575	665	905	1.0	0.9	1.1
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	440	170	265	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	670	380	285	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	220	135	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	340	190	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,395	4,230	4,165	5.3	5.4	5.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,300	645	655	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,295	645	645	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	835	425	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	410	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,100	560	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	765	410	360	0.5	0.5	0.4
German	760	400	360	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	225	95	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,470	1,400	1,070	1.5	1.8	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,360	1,345	1,010	1.5	1.7	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	290	205	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	1,495	845	650	0.9	1.1	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,105	580	525	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,740	1,705	2,030	2.3	2.2	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	460	255	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	710	360	350	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,660	1,145	1,510	1.7	1.5	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	785	405	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,900	1,000	910	1.2	1.3	1.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	210	115	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	360	160	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolof	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	405	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	325	125	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	305	120	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	900	475	430	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	875	460	420	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	745	365	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	159,515	77,965	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,235	1,990	2,240	2.7	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,085	1,905	2,185	2.6	2.4	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,995	925	1,075	1.3	1.2	1.3
Métis	1,955	920	1,035	1.2	1.2	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	155,280	75,970	79,310	97.3	97.4	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	159,515	77,965	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,065	540	525	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	158,450	77,420	81,030	99.3	99.3	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	46,745	...	...	66.7	...	...
Renter	23,330	...	...	33.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,505	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not condominium	66,590	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	345	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	7,720	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,240	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,550	...	...	36.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,235	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,825	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 rooms	11,850	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	10,475	...	...	14.9	...	...
7 rooms	8,965	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,975	...	...	28.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	69,395	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	695	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	67,835	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,255	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,835	...	...	18.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,785	...	...	23.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,240	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,085	...	...	13.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,495	...	...	7.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,940	...	...	9.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,670	...	...	8.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,040	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	65,960	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,130	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	34,910	...	...	49.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	33,020	...	...	47.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,160	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,855	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,935	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,195	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,950	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,895	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,090	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	2,220	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	69,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,155	...	...	83.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,465	...	...	16.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,525	...	...	15.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	70,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,595	...	...	23.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,380	...	...	14.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,870	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,105	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	210	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	855	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	53,490	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	68,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,955	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not in core need	63,730	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	46,615	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.1	...	...	63.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,106	...	...	1,106	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	243,000	...	...	243,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.8	...	...	32.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	994	...	...	994	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	10	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...	200	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	159,515	77,960	81,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,925	900	1,020	1.2	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,910	900	1,010	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,325	630	700	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis single ancestry	520	255	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,160	2,380	2,775	3.2	3.1	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,075	2,335	2,735	3.2	3.0	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,630	1,700	1,935	2.3	2.2	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,320	590	730	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	152,430	74,680	77,750	95.6	95.8	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	159,515	77,960	81,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	146,585	71,355	75,235	91.9	91.5	92.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,365	13,450	12,915	16.5	17.3	15.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	120,225	57,905	62,325	75.4	74.3	76.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,925	6,610	6,315	8.1	8.5	7.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	159,515	77,960	81,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	141,060	68,610	72,450	88.4	88.0	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	13,560	6,790	6,770	8.5	8.7	8.3
Before 1980	1,870	880	990	1.2	1.1	1.2
1980 to 1990	510	275	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	655	315	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,920	925	995	1.2	1.2	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,605	4,400	4,200	5.4	5.6	5.2
2011 to 2015	2,095	1,015	1,075	1.3	1.3	1.3
2016 to 2021	6,510	3,380	3,125	4.1	4.3	3.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,895	2,560	2,330	3.1	3.3	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,555	6,790	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,620	805	810	12.0	11.9	12.0
5 to 14 years	2,885	1,500	1,385	21.3	22.1	20.5
15 to 24 years	1,755	860	900	12.9	12.7	13.3
25 to 44 years	6,245	3,015	3,235	46.1	44.4	47.8
45 years and over	1,055	615	435	7.8	9.1	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,555	6,790	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,340	1,045	1,295	17.3	15.4	19.1
Brazil	140	60	75	1.0	0.9	1.1
Colombia	100	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyana	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haiti	150	65	90	1.1	1.0	1.3
Jamaica	190	65	125	1.4	1.0	1.8
Mexico	155	70	90	1.1	1.0	1.3
Peru	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,140	500	645	8.4	7.4	9.5
Other places of birth in Americas	355	185	170	2.6	2.7	2.5
Europe	2,990	1,530	1,460	22.1	22.5	21.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	560	280	275	4.1	4.1	4.1
Germany	170	90	85	1.3	1.3	1.3
Greece	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	45	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italy	125	80	50	0.9	1.2	0.7
Netherlands	130	70	65	1.0	1.0	1.0
Poland	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
Portugal	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	150	85	65	1.1	1.3	1.0
Russian Federation	180	80	100	1.3	1.2	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	275	135	140	2.0	2.0	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	755	400	360	5.6	5.9	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	480	250	230	3.5	3.7	3.4
Africa	2,710	1,440	1,270	20.0	21.2	18.8
Algeria	185	90	100	1.4	1.3	1.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	305	135	175	2.3	2.0	2.6
Egypt	130	70	60	1.0	1.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	315	170	145	2.3	2.5	2.1
Nigeria	530	300	235	3.9	4.4	3.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	1,165	635	525	8.6	9.4	7.8
Asia	5,470	2,740	2,725	40.4	40.4	40.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	60	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanon	145	70	80	1.1	1.0	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	485	280	205	3.6	4.1	3.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	535	245	290	3.9	3.6	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	40	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	555	280	275	4.1	4.1	4.1
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	1,395	595	800	10.3	8.8	11.8
Viet Nam	370	185	185	2.7	2.7	2.7
Bangladesh	65	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
India	925	530	400	6.8	7.8	5.9
Pakistan	100	65	35	0.7	1.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	50	30	15	0.4	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	610	300	310	4.5	4.4	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,510	3,380	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	660	315	345	10.1	9.3	11.0
Brazil	95	45	55	1.5	1.3	1.8
Colombia	30	25	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Haiti	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaica	120	40	80	1.8	1.2	2.6
Mexico	115	50	70	1.8	1.5	2.2
United States of America	140	80	55	2.2	2.4	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	105	45	55	1.6	1.3	1.8
Europe	805	415	395	12.4	12.3	12.6
France	255	130	125	3.9	3.8	4.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
Ukraine	180	95	90	2.8	2.8	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	50	10	0.9	1.5	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	210	90	125	3.2	2.7	4.0
Africa	1,855	995	865	28.5	29.4	27.7
Algeria	115	45	70	1.8	1.3	2.2
Burundi	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Cameroon	75	35	40	1.2	1.0	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	80	105	2.8	2.4	3.4
Côte d'Ivoire	75	35	40	1.2	1.0	1.3
Egypt	115	60	50	1.8	1.8	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	200	110	95	3.1	3.3	3.0
Nigeria	525	290	235	8.1	8.6	7.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.1
Tunisia	75	45	30	1.2	1.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	370	230	145	5.7	6.8	4.6
Asia	3,185	1,660	1,525	48.9	49.1	48.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.8	0.6	1.0
China⁹⁰	255	125	130	3.9	3.7	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	570	330	240	8.8	9.8	7.7
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	45	30	20	0.7	0.9	0.6
Israel	60	45	20	0.9	1.3	0.6
Japan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jordan	80	40	40	1.2	1.2	1.3
Korea, South⁹²	155	95	65	2.4	2.8	2.1
Lebanon	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Nepal	35	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.8
Pakistan	80	50	25	1.2	1.5	0.8
Philippines	900	430	470	13.8	12.7	15.0
Saudi Arabia	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	440	250	190	6.8	7.4	6.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	95	45	45	1.5	1.3	1.4
Viet Nam	200	95	105	3.1	2.8	3.4
Other places of birth in Asia	110	50	60	1.7	1.5	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	159,515	77,965	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,655	9,915	9,740	12.3	12.7	11.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,735	4,865	4,870	6.1	6.2	6.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	130,130	63,180	66,950	81.6	81.0	82.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,690	5,915	5,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,200	4,225	3,975	70.1	71.4	68.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,345	2,080	1,265	28.6	35.2	21.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,845	2,140	2,710	41.4	36.2	46.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,940	855	1,080	16.6	14.5	18.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,485	780	705	12.7	13.2	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	50	20	0.6	0.8	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,690	5,915	5,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	130	90	40	1.1	1.5	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,810	885	925	15.5	15.0	16.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	405	210	195	3.5	3.6	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	855	520	340	7.3	8.8	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,440	4,180	4,255	72.2	70.7	73.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	159,515	77,965	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,330	8,290	8,040	10.2	10.6	9.9
South Asian	3,065	1,725	1,340	1.9	2.2	1.6
Chinese	845	425	415	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	5,230	2,565	2,660	3.3	3.3	3.3
Filipino	1,940	845	1,090	1.2	1.1	1.3
Arab	1,775	975	800	1.1	1.3	1.0
Latin American	980	445	535	0.6	0.6	0.7
Southeast Asian	795	400	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	785	420	365	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	125	35	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	560	310	255	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	143,185	69,675	73,510	89.8	89.4	90.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	159,515	77,960	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,920	15,920	17,000	20.6	20.4	20.8
English	23,635	11,580	12,055	14.8	14.9	14.8
Irish	24,665	11,665	13,000	15.5	15.0	15.9
Scottish	22,180	10,710	11,470	13.9	13.7	14.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,025	13,965	15,055	18.2	17.9	18.5
German	7,360	3,540	3,820	4.6	4.5	4.7
Chinese	1,025	540	485	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italian	2,105	1,005	1,100	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indian (India)	2,030	1,155	870	1.3	1.5	1.1
Ukrainian	1,140	475	665	0.7	0.6	0.8
Dutch	1,955	980	970	1.2	1.3	1.2
Polish	640	350	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	1,520	820	700	1.0	1.1	0.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,975	1,560	1,420	1.9	2.0	1.7
Filipino	1,785	760	1,025	1.1	1.0	1.3
French Canadian	3,785	1,790	1,995	2.4	2.3	2.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	9,220	4,300	4,920	5.8	5.5	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,010	915	1,090	1.3	1.2	1.3
Métis	1,900	865	1,035	1.2	1.1	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,515	1,220	1,300	1.6	1.6	1.6
Russian	720	360	360	0.5	0.5	0.4
Norwegian	640	300	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	1,730	860	870	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portuguese	565	290	275	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	1,150	560	585	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	940	465	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	345	195	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	250	100	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Acadian	36,475	17,450	19,025	22.9	22.4	23.3
Pakistani	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,350	605	745	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jewish	415	215	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	260	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	635	315	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	735	420	320	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greek	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	425	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	530	245	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	675	360	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	295	165	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	540	250	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iranian	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	530	240	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	465	245	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	735	395	345	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	245	155	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	385	220	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	230	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	285	185	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	345	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,760	830	930	1.1	1.1	1.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	280	165	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	375	210	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	405	190	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	230	90	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	520	260	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	165	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	410	190	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	260	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	85	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	320	140	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	505	240	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ethiopian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	375	215	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	130	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	4,745	2,325	2,415	3.0	3.0	3.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	159,515	77,965	81,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	340	180	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	102,160	47,595	54,565	64.0	61.0	66.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,110	4,370	4,740	5.7	5.6	5.8
Anabaptist	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	4,270	1,975	2,295	2.7	2.5	2.8
Baptist	9,625	4,420	5,205	6.0	5.7	6.4
Catholic	65,325	30,600	34,725	41.0	39.2	42.6
Christian Orthodox	595	300	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	890	390	500	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	180	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,175	530	645	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,840	855	980	1.2	1.1	1.2
Presbyterian	990	475	515	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	5,745	2,470	3,275	3.6	3.2	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,235	1,045	1,190	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hindu	1,275	805	475	0.8	1.0	0.6
Jewish	300	170	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	3,405	1,845	1,565	2.1	2.4	1.9
Sikh	850	425	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,000	430	575	0.6	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	50,170	26,515	23,655	31.5	34.0	29.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	158,180	77,310	80,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	134,555	65,790	68,765	85.1	85.1	85.0
Movers	23,625	11,525	12,105	14.9	14.9	15.0
Non-migrants	12,510	6,020	6,495	7.9	7.8	8.0
Migrants	11,115	5,505	5,610	7.0	7.1	6.9
Internal migrants	9,630	4,735	4,895	6.1	6.1	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,400	2,575	2,820	3.4	3.3	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	4,230	2,155	2,075	2.7	2.8	2.6
External migrants	1,485	770	715	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	152,470	74,430	78,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,430	42,655	43,775	56.7	57.3	56.1
Movers	66,040	31,780	34,260	43.3	42.7	43.9
Non-migrants	22,810	10,815	11,995	15.0	14.5	15.4
Migrants	43,235	20,965	22,265	28.4	28.2	28.5
Internal migrants	34,180	16,345	17,830	22.4	22.0	22.8
Intraprovincial migrants	23,340	11,060	12,280	15.3	14.9	15.7
Interprovincial migrants	10,840	5,280	5,555	7.1	7.1	7.1
External migrants	9,055	4,620	4,435	5.9	6.2	5.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	135,035	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,455	12,475	10,985	17.4	19.0	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	111,580	53,070	58,510	82.6	81.0	84.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,805	41,850	43,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,120	4,830	3,290	9.5	11.5	7.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,680	37,020	40,660	90.5	88.5	92.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	135,040	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,070	10,930	10,140	15.6	16.7	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	38,150	19,495	18,655	28.3	29.7	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75,815	35,120	40,700	56.1	53.6	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,830	21,705	23,125	33.2	33.1	33.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,620	6,000	2,615	6.4	9.2	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,790	2,780	2,005	3.5	4.2	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,830	3,220	610	2.8	4.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,310	14,555	18,755	24.7	22.2	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,905	1,145	1,760	2.2	1.7	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,985	13,415	17,570	22.9	20.5	25.3
Bachelor's degree	21,055	8,885	12,175	15.6	13.6	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,945	770	1,175	1.4	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	395	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	6,090	2,695	3,395	4.5	4.1	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,095	670	420	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,805	41,850	43,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,205	4,220	2,980	8.4	10.1	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,250	11,930	10,315	25.9	28.5	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,355	25,695	30,660	65.7	61.4	69.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,790	15,410	16,375	37.0	36.8	37.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,325	3,625	1,700	6.2	8.7	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,075	1,770	1,310	3.6	4.2	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,250	1,855	395	2.6	4.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,725	11,045	13,685	28.8	26.4	31.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,740	745	990	2.0	1.8	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,565	10,285	14,280	28.6	24.6	32.5
Bachelor's degree	16,620	6,910	9,710	19.4	16.5	22.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,535	560	975	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	665	285	380	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	4,930	2,065	2,865	5.7	4.9	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	820	460	360	1.0	1.1	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	135,040	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	59,220	30,425	28,800	43.9	46.4	41.4
Education	5,255	1,325	3,935	3.9	2.0	5.7
13. Education	5,255	1,325	3,935	3.9	2.0	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,260	990	1,270	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	155	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,010	835	1,175	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	3,115	1,295	1,820	2.3	2.0	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	440	130	315	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	660	210	445	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	235	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	380	225	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	455	260	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	240	60	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,030	2,100	4,930	5.2	3.2	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	700	330	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,740	90	1,650	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,185	380	805	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,390	305	1,080	1.0	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,810	935	875	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	20,065	7,215	12,845	14.9	11.0	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,610	280	1,325	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,425	6,935	11,490	13.6	10.6	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,320	1,110	1,210	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,115	480	635	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	440	180	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	555	400	160	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,770	2,775	995	2.8	4.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,325	2,540	785	2.5	3.9	1.1
25. Library science	170	55	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	145	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,680	12,580	1,100	10.1	19.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	200	115	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,075	1,710	360	1.5	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,555	3,130	430	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,900	2,840	60	2.1	4.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,285	3,165	115	2.4	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,655	1,615	45	1.2	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	700	590	1.0	1.1	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	395	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	435	305	135	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	11,080	1,835	9,245	8.2	2.8	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	810	415	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,905	1,260	8,645	7.3	1.9	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	335	150	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,940	3,180	2,760	4.4	4.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,160	740	2,430	2.3	1.1	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	85	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,280	1,020	260	0.9	1.6	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,380	1,340	45	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,800	41,850	43,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,445	16,155	13,290	34.3	38.6	30.2
Education	3,170	685	2,485	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	3,170	685	2,485	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,825	780	1,040	2.1	1.9	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,640	665	975	1.9	1.6	2.2
Humanities	2,160	825	1,330	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	90	285	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	475	140	330	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	400	120	280	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	135	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	340	200	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,610	1,555	4,050	6.5	3.7	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	285	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	40	1,360	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	995	295	700	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,120	220	900	1.3	0.5	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,350	680	675	1.6	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	15,315	5,545	9,770	17.8	13.2	22.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,265	200	1,065	1.5	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,040	5,345	8,695	16.4	12.8	19.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,790	855	940	2.1	2.0	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	880	375	505	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	130	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	440	315	130	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,240	2,430	810	3.8	5.8	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,920	2,245	670	3.4	5.4	1.5
25. Library science	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,660	8,745	915	11.3	20.9	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	165	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,680	1,360	320	2.0	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,655	2,300	355	3.1	5.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,875	1,830	45	2.2	4.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,215	2,125	90	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,070	1,040	40	1.2	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,025	560	460	1.2	1.3	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665	310	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	255	105	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	8,205	1,465	6,740	9.6	3.5	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615	330	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,260	1,005	6,255	8.5	2.4	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	290	120	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,335	2,230	2,100	5.1	5.3	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,350	510	1,840	2.7	1.2	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	920	705	215	1.1	1.7	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,025	985	40	1.2	2.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	85,800	41,850	43,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,445	16,155	13,290	34.3	38.6	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	56,355	25,695	30,660	65.7	61.4	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	49,770	22,485	27,285	58.0	53.7	62.1
Same as province or territory of residence	37,260	16,635	20,625	43.4	39.7	46.9
Different than province or territory of residence	12,505	5,845	6,660	14.6	14.0	15.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,585	3,215	3,370	7.7	7.7	7.7
Americas	1,305	680	630	1.5	1.6	1.4
United States of America	600	320	275	0.7	0.8	0.6
Mexico	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,365	720	645	1.6	1.7	1.5
Belgium	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	330	190	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Germany	80	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	345	180	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	960	475	485	1.1	1.1	1.1
Nigeria	245	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	285	155	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	2,820	1,290	1,535	3.3	3.1	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	290	125	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	300	160	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Philippines	900	385	525	1.0	0.9	1.2
Viet Nam	175	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	780	385	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	135,040	65,545	69,495	...	...	...
In the labour force	86,710	44,385	42,325	...	...	...
Employed	78,945	40,055	38,900	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,765	4,335	3,430	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	48,325	21,155	27,170	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.2	67.7	60.9	64.2	67.7	60.9
Employment rate	58.5	61.1	56.0	58.5	61.1	56.0
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.8	8.1	9.0	9.8	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	135,040	65,545	69,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,895	20,925	26,970	35.5	31.9	38.8
Worked	87,145	44,620	42,525	64.5	68.1	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	47,795	25,780	22,015	35.4	39.3	31.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	39,345	18,840	20,510	29.1	28.7	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.8	40.9	41.3	41.8	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	86,710	44,385	42,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,520	770	745	1.8	1.7	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	85,195	43,615	41,575	98.3	98.3	98.2
Employee	76,725	38,540	38,185	88.5	86.8	90.2
Permanent position	62,735	31,665	31,070	72.4	71.3	73.4
Temporary position	13,995	6,875	7,115	16.1	15.5	16.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,765	1,725	2,040	4.3	3.9	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10,230	5,150	5,080	11.8	11.6	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,465	5,080	3,390	9.8	11.4	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	86,710	44,385	42,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,520	770	745	1.8	1.7	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	85,195	43,615	41,575	98.3	98.3	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	820	565	250	0.9	1.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,015	5,005	10,005	17.3	11.3	23.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,775	4,430	1,345	6.7	10.0	3.2
3 Health occupations	7,635	1,375	6,255	8.8	3.1	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,220	3,315	6,905	11.8	7.5	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,155	1,040	1,115	2.5	2.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	24,815	11,350	13,465	28.6	25.6	31.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,870	12,890	980	16.0	29.0	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,525	1,260	265	1.8	2.8	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,360	2,370	990	3.9	5.3	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	86,710	44,385	42,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,520	770	745	1.8	1.7	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	85,195	43,615	41,575	98.3	98.3	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,335	1,005	330	1.5	2.3	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	475	315	160	0.5	0.7	0.4
22 Utilities	250	220	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	5,410	4,775	640	6.2	10.8	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,810	4,220	1,595	6.7	9.5	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,625	2,000	625	3.0	4.5	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	10,030	5,095	4,930	11.6	11.5	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,000	3,785	1,215	5.8	8.5	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,775	1,065	710	2.0	2.4	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	5,005	2,020	2,985	5.8	4.6	7.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,165	710	455	1.3	1.6	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,495	2,525	1,975	5.2	5.7	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,965	2,845	2,120	5.7	6.4	5.0
61 Educational services	6,405	2,155	4,250	7.4	4.9	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	11,760	2,220	9,545	13.6	5.0	22.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,720	980	740	2.0	2.2	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	5,635	2,245	3,385	6.5	5.1	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,680	1,790	1,890	4.2	4.0	4.5
91 Public administration	7,485	3,590	3,900	8.6	8.1	9.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	93,210	47,575	45,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,730	29,090	24,640	57.6	61.1	54.0
French	11,180	4,700	6,485	12.0	9.9	14.2
Non-official language	140	70	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	70	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	27,370	13,305	14,070	29.4	28.0	30.8
English and non-official language(s)	620	350	265	0.7	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	93,210	47,575	45,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,105	44,800	42,310	93.5	94.2	92.7
Official languages	86,860	44,680	42,180	93.2	93.9	92.4
English	67,710	36,425	31,280	72.6	76.6	68.5
French	19,150	8,250	10,895	20.5	17.3	23.9
Non-official languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,100	2,775	3,330	6.5	5.8	7.3
English and French	5,900	2,670	3,235	6.3	5.6	7.1
English and non-official language(s)	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	93,210	47,575	45,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,100	36,605	34,495	76.3	76.9	75.6
English	8,045	3,595	4,445	8.6	7.6	9.7
French	13,560	7,105	6,455	14.5	14.9	14.1
Non-official language	355	200	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	355	200	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	78,950	40,055	38,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,365	7,720	8,645	20.7	19.3	22.2
Worked outside Canada	210	170	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,590	6,545	2,050	10.9	16.3	5.3
Usual place of work	53,785	25,620	28,165	68.1	64.0	72.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	53,785	25,625	28,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,755	13,255	15,495	53.5	51.7	55.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,355	10,365	10,990	39.7	40.4	39.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,665	1,400	1,270	5.0	5.5	4.5
Commute to a different province or territory	1,005	600	405	1.9	2.3	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	62,375	32,165	30,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	56,075	29,290	26,785	89.9	91.1	88.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50,285	27,175	23,110	80.6	84.5	76.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,790	2,110	3,675	9.3	6.6	12.2
Public transit	1,295	520	770	2.1	1.6	2.5
Walked	3,280	1,420	1,860	5.3	4.4	6.2
Bicycle	335	265	75	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	1,400	670	725	2.2	2.1	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	62,375	32,165	30,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	29,300	14,275	15,035	47.0	44.4	49.8
15 to 29 minutes	23,675	12,155	11,520	38.0	37.8	38.1
30 to 44 minutes	6,685	3,970	2,720	10.7	12.3	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,330	780	550	2.1	2.4	1.8
60 minutes and over	1,385	990	395	2.2	3.1	1.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	62,375	32,165	30,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,915	2,015	900	4.7	6.3	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,090	5,565	3,525	14.6	17.3	11.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,775	10,325	10,450	33.3	32.1	34.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,680	6,145	7,540	21.9	19.1	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,560	2,720	3,835	10.5	8.5	12.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,360	5,395	3,965	15.0	16.8	13.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,800	15,175	14,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,450	7,860	7,590	51.8	51.8	51.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,350	7,315	7,045	48.2	48.2	48.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,160	11,355	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,640	5,940	5,695	52.5	52.3	52.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	9,645	4,915	4,735	43.5	43.3	43.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,990	1,025	965	9.0	9.0	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,520	5,410	5,105	47.5	47.6	47.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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