Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Kelowna, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,078	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	32,655	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,746	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,974	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	295.5	...	...	295.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	122.09	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,080	17,850	18,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,880	3,085	2,795	16.3	17.3	15.3
0 to 4 years	1,705	880	825	4.7	4.9	4.5
5 to 9 years	2,065	1,115	955	5.7	6.2	5.2
10 to 14 years	2,105	1,090	1,020	5.8	6.1	5.6
15 to 64 years	22,500	11,080	11,415	62.4	62.1	62.6
15 to 19 years	2,015	1,060	955	5.6	5.9	5.2
20 to 24 years	1,640	835	805	4.5	4.7	4.4
25 to 29 years	1,830	920	915	5.1	5.2	5.0
30 to 34 years	2,275	1,115	1,165	6.3	6.2	6.4
35 to 39 years	2,545	1,250	1,295	7.1	7.0	7.1
40 to 44 years	2,225	1,105	1,125	6.2	6.2	6.2
45 to 49 years	2,235	1,110	1,130	6.2	6.2	6.2
50 to 54 years	2,340	1,140	1,200	6.5	6.4	6.6
55 to 59 years	2,625	1,220	1,405	7.3	6.8	7.7
60 to 64 years	2,770	1,335	1,440	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over	7,705	3,690	4,010	21.4	20.7	22.0
65 to 69 years	2,430	1,195	1,235	6.7	6.7	6.8
70 to 74 years	2,050	1,000	1,050	5.7	5.6	5.8
75 to 79 years	1,390	670	725	3.9	3.8	4.0
80 to 84 years	945	450	495	2.6	2.5	2.7
85 years and over	885	375	510	2.5	2.1	2.8
85 to 89 years	530	255	280	1.5	1.4	1.5
90 to 94 years	275	100	175	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.3	16.3	17.3	15.3
15 to 64 years	62.4	62.1	62.6	62.4	62.1	62.6
65 years and over	21.4	20.7	22.0	21.4	20.7	22.0
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.8	2.5	2.1	2.8
Average age of the population	43.3	42.5	44.2	43.3	42.5	44.2
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	45.2	44.0	42.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,505	...	...	68.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	525	...	...	3.8	...	...
Row house	465	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,280	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,695	...	...	12.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	470	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,865	...	...	20.5	...	...
2 persons	5,690	...	...	40.7	...	...
3 persons	2,110	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	2,070	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,245	...	...	8.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	35,750	17,730	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	30,200	14,765	15,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,765	9,880	9,880	65.4	66.9	64.0
Married	16,350	8,175	8,170	54.1	55.4	52.9
Living common-law	3,415	1,700	1,715	11.3	11.5	11.1
Living common law - Never married	2,325	1,175	1,150	7.7	8.0	7.5
Living common law - Separated	160	80	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	825	400	430	2.7	2.7	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	10,440	4,885	5,550	34.6	33.1	36.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,375	3,510	2,860	21.1	23.8	18.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	705	305	405	2.3	2.1	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,760	710	1,050	5.8	4.8	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,595	365	1,225	5.3	2.5	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,200	...	...	56.2	...	...
3 persons	2,115	...	...	19.2	...	...
4 persons	1,965	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	750	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,750	...	...	88.3	...	...
Married couples	8,045	...	...	72.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,660	...	...	33.2	...	...
Without children	4,380	...	...	39.7	...	...
Common-law couples	1,705	...	...	15.4	...	...
With children⁶	630	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	1,075	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,285	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	950	...	...	8.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	335	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	35,750	17,730	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	30,660	15,430	15,230	85.8	87.0	84.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	19,500	9,745	9,760	54.5	55.0	54.1
Parents in one-parent families	1,290	335	955	3.6	1.9	5.3
Children⁶	9,870	5,350	4,520	27.6	30.2	25.1
In a two-parent family	7,875	4,240	3,635	22.0	23.9	20.2
In a one-parent family	1,995	1,110	885	5.6	6.3	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,095	2,295	2,795	14.3	12.9	15.5
Living alone	2,860	1,230	1,630	8.0	6.9	9.0
Living with other relatives⁷	720	285	440	2.0	1.6	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,510	780	730	4.2	4.4	4.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,375	...	...	67.1	...	...
Couple-family households	8,460	...	...	60.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,680	...	...	26.3	...	...
Without children	4,785	...	...	34.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	910	...	...	6.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	455	...	...	3.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	630	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	480	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	2,865	...	...	20.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	29,870	14,645	15,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,120	14,255	14,865	97.5	97.3	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,000	37,200	44,000	54,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,185	14,290	14,890	97.7	97.6	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	34,000	40,000	47,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,030	13,440	13,590	90.5	91.8	89.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	48,000	28,200	37,200	48,000	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,600	10,555	10,045	69.0	72.1	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,400	30,600	39,200	50,400	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,515	10,790	12,730	78.7	73.7	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,800	11,200	10,600	9,800	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,660	1,215	1,435	8.9	8.3	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,720	5,560	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,290	3,395	3,895	24.4	23.2	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,090	14,235	14,855	97.4	97.2	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,400	67,500	47,800	57,400	67,500	47,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,185	14,290	14,895	97.7	97.6	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	55,000	41,200	47,960	55,000	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,975	13,425	13,555	90.3	91.7	89.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,050	62,850	41,320	52,050	62,850	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,595	10,540	10,055	68.9	72.0	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	60,500	40,160	50,560	60,500	40,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,410	10,655	12,750	78.4	72.8	83.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,370	10,930	11,740	11,370	10,930	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,850	1,375	1,475	9.5	9.4	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,640	6,080	7,160	6,640	6,080	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,425	3,540	3,885	24.9	24.2	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530	8,270	8,770	8,530	8,270	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,355	5,355	4,005	31.3	36.6	26.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	72,000	58,000	66,000	72,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,600	84,800	65,600	76,600	84,800	65,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,520	3,885	4,635	28.5	26.5	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	22,400	17,400	18,600	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960	38,080	25,000	30,960	38,080	25,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	87.8	79.0	84.0	87.8	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.4	66.4	56.9	62.4	66.4	56.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	12.1	21.1	15.9	12.1	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	6.2	4.7	3.7	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.1	4.8	3.8	3.1	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	750	390	360	2.5	2.7	2.4
With total income	29,120	14,255	14,865	97.5	97.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,240	910	1,325	7.7	6.4	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,230	1,170	2,060	11.1	8.2	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,100	1,650	2,445	14.1	11.6	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	3,675	1,505	2,170	12.6	10.6	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,190	1,410	1,775	11.0	9.9	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,695	1,275	1,420	9.3	8.9	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,250	1,205	1,040	7.7	8.5	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,760	1,035	730	6.0	7.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,385	860	525	4.8	6.0	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	675	400	3.7	4.7	2.7
$100,000 and over	3,530	2,555	970	12.1	17.9	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	2,315	1,605	710	7.9	11.3	4.8
$150,000 and over	1,220	955	265	4.2	6.7	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	690	355	335	2.3	2.4	2.2
With after-tax income	29,180	14,290	14,890	97.7	97.6	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,420	980	1,440	8.3	6.9	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,425	1,240	2,180	11.7	8.7	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,605	1,880	2,725	15.8	13.2	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,160	1,765	2,395	14.3	12.4	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,675	1,680	1,995	12.6	11.8	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,000	1,600	1,405	10.3	11.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,270	1,305	965	7.8	9.1	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,665	1,035	625	5.7	7.2	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	750	415	4.0	5.2	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	775	535	240	2.7	3.7	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,020	1,520	495	6.9	10.6	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,005	735	270	3.4	5.1	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,015	785	225	3.5	5.5	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,275	4,090	5,180	31.0	27.9	34.0
With employment income	20,595	10,550	10,045	68.9	72.0	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,860	1,330	1,525	13.9	12.6	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	1,595	665	930	7.7	6.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,400	955	1,440	11.7	9.1	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	1,880	830	1,050	9.1	7.9	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,720	725	1,000	8.4	6.9	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,670	740	930	8.1	7.0	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,650	780	870	8.0	7.4	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,430	800	635	6.9	7.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	700	460	5.6	6.6	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	980	610	365	4.8	5.8	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	830	555	270	4.0	5.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,850	575	11.8	17.5	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,140	820	320	5.5	7.8	3.2
$125,000 and over	1,290	1,030	255	6.3	9.8	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	29,870	14,645	15,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,445	13,925	14,520	95.2	95.1	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	53,200	34,800	42,800	53,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,515	13,940	14,575	95.5	95.2	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,800	31,400	38,000	46,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,740	13,275	13,465	89.5	90.6	88.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	50,000	29,600	38,800	50,000	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,320	10,840	10,480	71.4	74.0	68.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,000	30,200	38,400	50,000	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,705	7,905	10,800	62.6	54.0	70.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,900	7,900	8,200	8,900	7,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,125	985	1,140	7.1	6.7	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,560	5,480	5,320	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,450	13,905	14,545	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,150	67,200	47,560	57,150	67,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,515	13,910	14,605	95.4	95.0	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880	54,600	39,520	46,880	54,600	39,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,740	13,210	13,525	89.5	90.2	88.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,350	65,200	43,800	54,350	65,200	43,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,160	10,670	10,485	70.8	72.9	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,960	61,050	38,720	49,960	61,050	38,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,560	7,705	10,850	62.1	52.6	71.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,320	9,520	9,170	9,320	9,520	9,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,220	985	1,235	7.4	6.7	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	7,080	7,780	7,470	7,080	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,255	5,265	3,985	31.0	36.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	70,500	53,600	62,800	70,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,500	83,100	60,800	73,500	83,100	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,995	3,640	4,360	26.8	24.9	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,000	22,400	25,000	29,000	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,200	46,520	29,440	37,200	46,520	29,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	92.2	85.6	89.4	92.2	85.6
Employment income (%)	65.0	69.6	58.7	65.0	69.6	58.7
Government transfers (%)	10.6	7.9	14.4	10.6	7.9	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,700	...	...	58,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,480	...	...	48,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	345	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	310	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	335	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	420	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	435	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	445	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	850	...	...	6.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	940	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	930	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	885	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	810	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,890	...	...	49.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,780	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,510	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,915	...	...	13.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,680	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	365	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	355	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	390	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	465	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	525	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	470	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,080	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,120	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	965	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	900	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,820	...	...	41.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,050	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,440	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,335	...	...	16.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,370	2,015	2,355	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	46,400	38,800	42,000	46,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,200	36,000	38,000	41,200	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	132,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...	111,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,600	...	...	157,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...	83,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,330	1,935	2,395	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,750	59,100	47,600	52,750	59,100	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,080	47,040	41,680	44,080	47,040	41,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	35,750	17,730	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,110	3,735	3,375	19.9	21.1	18.7
0 to 5 years	2,120	1,105	1,010	5.9	6.2	5.6
18 to 64 years	21,225	10,400	10,825	59.4	58.7	60.1
65 years and over	7,415	3,590	3,825	20.7	20.2	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,495	1,125	1,370	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	555	285	270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	75	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,265	580	685	...	...	...
65 years and over	675	265	410	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.0	6.4	7.6	7.0	6.4	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.6	8.1	7.8	7.6	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	6.8	8.4	7.6	6.8	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.3	6.0	5.6	6.3
65 years and over (%)	9.1	7.4	10.8	9.1	7.4	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	35,750	17,725	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,115	3,740	3,370	19.9	21.1	18.7
0 to 5 years	2,115	1,110	1,010	5.9	6.3	5.6
18 to 64 years	21,225	10,405	10,825	59.4	58.7	60.1
65 years and over	7,415	3,590	3,825	20.7	20.3	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,075	510	565	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	245	110	130	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	25	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	710	345	365	...	...	...
65 years and over	120	50	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.0	3.9	3.4	3.0	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.4	3.4	2.9	2.4	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	35,750	17,730	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	14,790	7,070	7,720	41.4	39.9	42.8
In bottom decile	2,380	1,080	1,300	6.7	6.1	7.2
In second decile	2,780	1,310	1,465	7.8	7.4	8.1
In third decile	2,890	1,380	1,510	8.1	7.8	8.4
In fourth decile	3,245	1,570	1,675	9.1	8.9	9.3
In fifth decile	3,500	1,735	1,765	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	20,960	10,660	10,300	58.6	60.1	57.2
In sixth decile	3,805	1,910	1,895	10.6	10.8	10.5
In seventh decile	4,140	2,070	2,065	11.6	11.7	11.5
In eighth decile	4,375	2,225	2,155	12.2	12.5	12.0
In ninth decile	4,435	2,250	2,185	12.4	12.7	12.1
In top decile	4,205	2,205	2,005	11.8	12.4	11.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	35,750	...	...	35,750	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	35,970	17,815	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,765	16,810	16,950	93.9	94.4	93.4
French only	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,035	920	1,120	5.7	5.2	6.2
Neither English nor French	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	35,970	17,815	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,320	17,505	17,815	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	450	205	240	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	155	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	35,970	17,815	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,420	17,565	17,855	98.5	98.6	98.3
Official languages	31,910	15,945	15,965	88.7	89.5	87.9
English	31,425	15,725	15,700	87.4	88.3	86.5
French	485	225	265	1.3	1.3	1.5
Non-official languages	3,510	1,620	1,890	9.8	9.1	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,505	1,620	1,885	9.7	9.1	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	155	45	110	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,655	1,280	1,375	7.4	7.2	7.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	670	305	365	1.9	1.7	2.0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	665	305	360	1.8	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	80	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	165	65	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	80	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,145	545	605	3.2	3.1	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	870	410	465	2.4	2.3	2.6
German	860	400	455	2.4	2.2	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	230	110	120	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	170	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	345	170	170	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	300	150	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	220	105	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	240	230	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	210	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	95	140	0.7	0.5	0.8
Chinese languages	235	90	140	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	75	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	135	60	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	550	250	300	1.5	1.4	1.7
English and French	135	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	360	165	195	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	35,970	17,815	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,795	16,360	16,435	91.2	91.8	90.5
French	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	525	265	260	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	525	265	260	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and French	265	120	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,210	990	1,220	6.1	5.6	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	35,970	17,815	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,565	17,635	17,930	98.9	99.0	98.8
Official languages	34,395	17,055	17,335	95.6	95.7	95.5
English	34,300	17,015	17,290	95.4	95.5	95.2
French	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	1,175	580	595	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,170	580	595	3.3	3.3	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	805	405	400	2.2	2.3	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	80	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	80	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	130	140	0.8	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	220	110	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	220	110	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	195	100	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	170	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	85	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	130	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	180	225	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	365	160	205	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	35,970	17,815	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,740	16,810	16,930	93.8	94.4	93.3
English	545	265	280	1.5	1.5	1.5
French	220	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	1,250	545	710	3.5	3.1	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,240	540	695	3.4	3.0	3.8
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	35,750	17,725	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	35,605	17,670	17,940	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	35,605	17,660	17,940	99.6	99.6	99.5
French	2,145	1,010	1,135	6.0	5.7	6.3
Non-official languages	4,715	2,065	2,650	13.2	11.7	14.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,675	2,050	2,625	13.1	11.6	14.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	300	90	210	0.8	0.5	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	85	195	0.8	0.5	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,645	1,640	2,005	10.2	9.3	11.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	730	315	420	2.0	1.8	2.3
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	720	305	415	2.0	1.7	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	80	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian	190	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	80	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,540	705	835	4.3	4.0	4.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,145	510	630	3.2	2.9	3.5
German	1,120	510	610	3.1	2.9	3.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	395	195	200	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	140	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	240	120	125	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	480	235	245	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	390	185	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	155	80	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	145	165	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	60	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,085	465	615	3.0	2.6	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	130	50	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	685	285	410	1.9	1.6	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese languages	195	70	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,750	17,725	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,170	1,135	1,035	6.1	6.4	5.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,070	1,080	990	5.8	6.1	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	875	430	445	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis	1,180	645	535	3.3	3.6	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	33,575	16,595	16,985	93.9	93.6	94.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,750	17,725	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	620	305	320	1.7	1.7	1.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	35,125	17,425	17,705	98.3	98.3	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,540	...	...	82.6	...	...
Renter	2,430	...	...	17.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,910	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not condominium	12,060	...	...	86.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	855	...	...	6.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,855	...	...	20.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,055	...	...	29.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,170	...	...	44.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,395	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 rooms	1,670	...	...	11.9	...	...
6 rooms	1,470	...	...	10.5	...	...
7 rooms	2,070	...	...	14.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,365	...	...	45.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,875	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,635	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	335	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	305	...	...	2.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,415	...	...	24.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,795	...	...	12.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,270	...	...	23.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,385	...	...	9.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,620	...	...	11.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	825	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,360	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,435	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	540	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,570	...	...	39.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,570	...	...	54.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	835	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	245	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,535	...	...	11.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,370	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,435	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,965	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,530	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,385	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	515	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,905	...	...	78.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,020	...	...	21.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,675	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,635	...	...	26.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,780	...	...	19.9	...	...
Not suitable only	265	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	330	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,335	...	...	74.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	790	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not in core need	12,785	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.3	...	...	61.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.1	...	...	17.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,664	...	...	1,664	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	812,000	...	...	812,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,435	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.4	...	...	43.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.5	...	...	15.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,738	...	...	1,738	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	35,750	17,730	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	570	235	335	1.6	1.3	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	555	225	335	1.6	1.3	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	285	125	165	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis single ancestry	265	95	165	0.7	0.5	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,770	935	830	5.0	5.3	4.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,700	900	805	4.8	5.1	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	905	455	450	2.5	2.6	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	790	440	350	2.2	2.5	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	33,415	16,555	16,855	93.5	93.4	93.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	35,750	17,730	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	34,440	17,145	17,295	96.3	96.7	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,995	3,715	3,280	19.6	21.0	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	27,450	13,430	14,015	76.8	75.7	77.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,310	585	725	3.7	3.3	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	35,750	17,730	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	30,780	15,460	15,320	86.1	87.2	85.0
Immigrants⁸¹	4,835	2,220	2,615	13.5	12.5	14.5
Before 1980	1,955	915	1,035	5.5	5.2	5.7
1980 to 1990	690	295	400	1.9	1.7	2.2
1991 to 2000	590	295	300	1.7	1.7	1.7
2001 to 2010	820	370	450	2.3	2.1	2.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	770	340	430	2.2	1.9	2.4
2011 to 2015	400	165	235	1.1	0.9	1.3
2016 to 2021	375	180	195	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	135	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,835	2,215	2,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	650	335	310	13.4	15.1	11.8
5 to 14 years	865	360	500	17.9	16.3	19.1
15 to 24 years	1,070	510	560	22.1	23.0	21.4
25 to 44 years	1,935	885	1,045	40.0	40.0	39.9
45 years and over	320	120	205	6.6	5.4	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,835	2,215	2,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	660	240	415	13.7	10.8	15.8
Brazil	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombia	25	10	20	0.5	0.5	0.8
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	30	30	1.2	1.4	1.1
Mexico	60	25	35	1.2	1.1	1.3
Peru	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
United States of America	350	110	245	7.2	5.0	9.4
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	50	1.9	1.6	1.9
Europe	2,840	1,390	1,450	58.7	62.8	55.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Croatia	45	20	30	0.9	0.9	1.1
France	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Germany	485	265	225	10.0	12.0	8.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	80	40	40	1.7	1.8	1.5
Italy	85	50	35	1.8	2.3	1.3
Netherlands	190	105	85	3.9	4.7	3.2
Poland	200	75	120	4.1	3.4	4.6
Portugal	60	25	40	1.2	1.1	1.5
Romania	95	50	50	2.0	2.3	1.9
Russian Federation	65	30	30	1.3	1.4	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.4	0.5	0.6
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,040	525	510	21.5	23.7	19.5
Other places of birth in Europe	410	180	230	8.5	8.1	8.8
Africa	220	110	115	4.6	5.0	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	65	75	3.0	2.9	2.9
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	30	1.1	1.4	1.1
Asia	985	410	580	20.4	18.5	22.1
Afghanistan	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	70	45	25	1.4	2.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	50	60	2.3	2.3	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	15	0.9	1.1	0.6
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
Philippines	260	65	190	5.4	2.9	7.3
Viet Nam	35	10	30	0.7	0.5	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	190	100	90	3.9	4.5	3.4
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	175	65	115	3.6	2.9	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	125	70	55	2.6	3.2	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	370	175	195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	35	50	23.0	20.0	25.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	10	25	10.8	5.7	12.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	70	40	35	18.9	22.9	17.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	2.7	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	9.5	8.6	10.3
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	2.7	5.7	0.0
Africa	10	0	0	2.7	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	2.7	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	185	85	100	50.0	48.6	51.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	20	10	6.8	11.4	5.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	15	8.1	8.6	7.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	30	60	24.3	17.1	30.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	5.4	0.0	7.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	10	6.8	8.6	5.1
Australia	20	20	10	5.4	11.4	5.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	35,750	17,725	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,415	2,485	2,930	15.1	14.0	16.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,705	3,380	3,325	18.8	19.1	18.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,630	11,865	11,765	66.1	66.9	65.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,880	1,295	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,500	750	750	52.1	57.9	47.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	610	385	220	21.2	29.7	13.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	890	360	530	30.9	27.8	33.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,100	435	665	38.2	33.6	42.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	265	110	155	9.2	8.5	9.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,880	1,295	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	20	20	1.4	1.5	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	515	220	290	17.9	17.0	18.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	25	40	2.4	1.9	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	30	55	2.8	2.3	3.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	15	0	0.5	1.2	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,160	990	1,170	75.0	76.4	74.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	35,750	17,725	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,620	1,205	1,415	7.3	6.8	7.9
South Asian	590	290	300	1.7	1.6	1.7
Chinese	380	180	200	1.1	1.0	1.1
Black	320	165	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	385	150	235	1.1	0.8	1.3
Arab	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	265	110	155	0.7	0.6	0.9
Southeast Asian	135	25	110	0.4	0.1	0.6
West Asian	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	75	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Japanese	210	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	33,130	16,525	16,605	92.7	93.2	92.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	35,750	17,730	18,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,000	2,585	2,420	14.0	14.6	13.4
English	9,960	4,890	5,075	27.9	27.6	28.2
Irish	6,080	2,865	3,215	17.0	16.2	17.8
Scottish	7,495	3,655	3,835	21.0	20.6	21.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,345	1,680	1,660	9.4	9.5	9.2
German	6,905	3,415	3,490	19.3	19.3	19.4
Chinese	400	180	215	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italian	1,410	655	750	3.9	3.7	4.2
Indian (India)	450	225	220	1.3	1.3	1.2
Ukrainian	2,785	1,355	1,430	7.8	7.6	7.9
Dutch	2,060	1,045	1,015	5.8	5.9	5.6
Polish	1,625	765	860	4.5	4.3	4.8
Québécois	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,950	945	1,005	5.5	5.3	5.6
Filipino	410	165	245	1.1	0.9	1.4
French Canadian	490	250	235	1.4	1.4	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	720	360	355	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	315	380	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis	1,135	585	550	3.2	3.3	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,080	570	515	3.0	3.2	2.9
Russian	1,220	630	585	3.4	3.6	3.2
Norwegian	1,380	720	655	3.9	4.1	3.6
Welsh	900	475	425	2.5	2.7	2.4
Portuguese	305	145	160	0.9	0.8	0.9
American	850	390	460	2.4	2.2	2.6
Spanish	330	155	175	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	990	460	530	2.8	2.6	2.9
Hungarian	670	360	310	1.9	2.0	1.7
Acadian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	200	100	95	0.6	0.6	0.5
Punjabi	90	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	115	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	185	115	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korean	95	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	365	160	205	1.0	0.9	1.1
Lebanese	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	435	200	235	1.2	1.1	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120	65	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austrian	625	340	290	1.7	1.9	1.6
Belgian	265	125	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	165	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	230	100	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	310	160	145	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	235	115	115	0.7	0.6	0.6
Japanese	225	115	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	290	155	140	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	240	135	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
Colombian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	280	110	175	0.8	0.6	1.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	120	65	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South African	180	100	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
Australian	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	35	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	150	55	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ecuadorian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	35,750	17,725	18,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
Christian	14,850	6,880	7,965	41.5	38.8	44.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,780	1,845	1,940	10.6	10.4	10.8
Anabaptist	145	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Anglican	1,250	565	690	3.5	3.2	3.8
Baptist	690	320	370	1.9	1.8	2.1
Catholic	4,625	2,155	2,470	12.9	12.2	13.7
Christian Orthodox	235	110	120	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	185	65	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Latter Day Saints	95	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	695	315	385	1.9	1.8	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	445	190	245	1.2	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	175	55	120	0.5	0.3	0.7
Reformed	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,465	670	800	4.1	3.8	4.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	965	470	500	2.7	2.7	2.8
Hindu	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	105	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Muslim	100	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	235	115	120	0.7	0.6	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	230	95	140	0.6	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	19,990	10,435	9,555	55.9	58.9	53.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,500	17,615	17,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	30,580	15,145	15,435	86.1	86.0	86.3
Movers	4,920	2,465	2,450	13.9	14.0	13.7
Non-migrants	2,375	1,250	1,125	6.7	7.1	6.3
Migrants	2,545	1,220	1,325	7.2	6.9	7.4
Internal migrants	2,425	1,185	1,245	6.8	6.7	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,465	700	760	4.1	4.0	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	965	480	480	2.7	2.7	2.7
External migrants	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	34,085	16,885	17,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,490	9,105	9,385	54.2	53.9	54.6
Movers	15,595	7,780	7,810	45.8	46.1	45.4
Non-migrants	4,800	2,370	2,430	14.1	14.0	14.1
Migrants	10,790	5,415	5,385	31.7	32.1	31.3
Internal migrants	10,250	5,145	5,105	30.1	30.5	29.7
Intraprovincial migrants	7,025	3,505	3,525	20.6	20.8	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,220	1,635	1,585	9.4	9.7	9.2
External migrants	550	270	270	1.6	1.6	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,875	14,645	15,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,270	2,375	1,890	14.3	16.2	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,605	12,270	13,335	85.7	83.8	87.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,780	9,110	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,635	980	655	8.7	10.8	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,140	8,125	9,015	91.3	89.2	93.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,875	14,645	15,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,485	1,865	1,620	11.7	12.7	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,380	4,635	4,740	31.4	31.6	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,010	8,150	8,860	56.9	55.7	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,425	5,690	5,735	38.2	38.9	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,225	2,545	675	10.8	17.4	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	985	555	425	3.3	3.8	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240	1,990	250	7.5	13.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,075	2,695	4,385	23.7	18.4	28.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,130	445	680	3.8	3.0	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,585	2,460	3,125	18.7	16.8	20.5
Bachelor's degree	3,870	1,680	2,190	13.0	11.5	14.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445	145	300	1.5	1.0	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	85	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	965	440	525	3.2	3.0	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	105	50	0.5	0.7	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,775	9,110	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,205	725	485	6.4	8.0	5.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,235	2,725	2,515	27.9	29.9	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,335	5,665	6,670	65.7	62.2	69.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,110	3,940	4,175	43.2	43.2	43.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,190	1,735	450	11.7	19.0	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	640	360	275	3.4	4.0	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,555	1,380	175	8.3	15.1	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,160	1,910	3,250	27.5	21.0	33.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	760	290	475	4.0	3.2	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,225	1,725	2,500	22.5	18.9	25.9
Bachelor's degree	2,985	1,230	1,755	15.9	13.5	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325	90	230	1.7	1.0	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	715	280	435	3.8	3.1	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	60	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,870	14,650	15,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,860	6,500	6,360	43.1	44.4	41.8
Education	1,275	260	1,015	4.3	1.8	6.7
13. Education	1,275	260	1,015	4.3	1.8	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	205	370	1.9	1.4	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	65	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	475	140	335	1.6	1.0	2.2
Humanities	550	220	330	1.8	1.5	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	135	40	95	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	50	85	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	75	30	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,540	430	1,110	5.2	2.9	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	45	140	0.6	0.3	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	275	10	260	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	315	80	225	1.1	0.5	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	325	80	245	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	395	190	210	1.3	1.3	1.4
Business, management and public administration	3,555	1,335	2,225	11.9	9.1	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	50	175	0.8	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,325	1,290	2,035	11.1	8.8	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	580	320	255	1.9	2.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	115	110	0.8	0.8	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	90	105	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	95	40	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	255	155	1.4	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	335	225	110	1.1	1.5	0.7
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,020	3,785	235	13.5	25.8	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	60	55	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	460	415	50	1.5	2.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	850	745	110	2.8	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,150	1,125	20	3.9	7.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,005	970	40	3.4	6.6	0.3
48. Precision production	490	480	10	1.6	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	240	210	1.5	1.6	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	145	165	1.0	1.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	100	50	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	2,995	565	2,430	10.0	3.9	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	125	90	0.7	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,725	410	2,320	9.1	2.8	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	530	530	3.5	3.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	730	240	495	2.4	1.6	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	80	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	210	15	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,775	9,110	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,440	3,445	2,995	34.3	37.8	31.0
Education	855	125	725	4.6	1.4	7.5
13. Education	855	125	725	4.6	1.4	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	405	135	275	2.2	1.5	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	360	95	270	1.9	1.0	2.8
Humanities	400	170	235	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	60	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
54. History	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,200	285	915	6.4	3.1	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	35	115	0.8	0.4	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	180	0	180	1.0	0.0	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	265	50	215	1.4	0.5	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	240	40	200	1.3	0.4	2.1
45. Social sciences	325	140	180	1.7	1.5	1.9
Business, management and public administration	2,625	975	1,650	14.0	10.7	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	35	125	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,465	940	1,525	13.1	10.3	15.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	180	175	1.9	2.0	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	75	80	0.9	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	95	65	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	325	225	100	1.7	2.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	205	70	1.5	2.3	0.7
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,790	2,605	185	14.9	28.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	55	40	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
14. Engineering	310	270	35	1.7	3.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	595	510	85	3.2	5.6	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	855	840	15	4.6	9.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	660	625	35	3.5	6.9	0.4
48. Precision production	320	315	0	1.7	3.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	170	190	1.9	1.9	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	235	95	145	1.3	1.0	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	80	45	0.6	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	2,240	430	1,815	11.9	4.7	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	95	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,025	305	1,720	10.8	3.3	17.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	775	365	410	4.1	4.0	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	535	155	380	2.8	1.7	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	60	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	150	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	18,775	9,110	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,440	3,445	2,995	34.3	37.8	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,330	5,665	6,670	65.7	62.2	69.0
Location of study inside Canada	10,955	5,050	5,905	58.3	55.4	61.1
Same as province or territory of residence	7,290	3,285	4,005	38.8	36.1	41.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,665	1,770	1,900	19.5	19.4	19.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,380	610	770	7.4	6.7	8.0
Americas	395	175	215	2.1	1.9	2.2
United States of America	345	155	190	1.8	1.7	2.0
Mexico	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	545	250	300	2.9	2.7	3.1
Belgium	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Africa	85	40	40	0.5	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	305	100	205	1.6	1.1	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	110	25	85	0.6	0.3	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	55	50	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Australia	55	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	29,875	14,645	15,230	...	...	...
In the labour force	18,975	9,925	9,055	...	...	...
Employed	17,545	9,145	8,400	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,430	780	650	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,895	4,725	6,170	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	67.8	59.5	63.5	67.8	59.5
Employment rate	58.7	62.4	55.2	58.7	62.4	55.2
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.9	7.2	7.5	7.9	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	29,870	14,650	15,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,850	4,720	6,125	36.3	32.2	40.2
Worked	19,025	9,930	9,100	63.7	67.8	59.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,795	5,655	4,135	32.8	38.6	27.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,230	4,270	4,965	30.9	29.1	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.2	40.6	41.4	42.2	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	18,975	9,920	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	285	140	145	1.5	1.4	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,695	9,785	8,910	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	15,005	7,515	7,490	79.1	75.8	82.7
Permanent position	12,905	6,545	6,360	68.0	66.0	70.2
Temporary position	2,105	975	1,130	11.1	9.8	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	475	215	260	2.5	2.2	2.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,630	760	865	8.6	7.7	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,690	2,270	1,415	19.4	22.9	15.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	18,975	9,920	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	285	140	145	1.5	1.4	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,695	9,785	8,910	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220	125	100	1.2	1.3	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,105	720	2,390	16.4	7.3	26.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,190	970	220	6.3	9.8	2.4
3 Health occupations	1,665	340	1,325	8.8	3.4	14.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,945	620	1,325	10.3	6.3	14.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	605	235	370	3.2	2.4	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	4,960	2,290	2,675	26.1	23.1	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,810	3,530	275	20.1	35.6	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	525	400	125	2.8	4.0	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	655	545	110	3.5	5.5	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	18,975	9,920	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	285	140	145	1.5	1.4	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	18,695	9,785	8,910	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	280	185	95	1.5	1.9	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	270	260	20	1.4	2.6	0.2
22 Utilities	140	105	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	2,330	2,020	310	12.3	20.4	3.4
31-33 Manufacturing	995	750	245	5.2	7.6	2.7
41 Wholesale trade	540	315	225	2.8	3.2	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	2,405	1,170	1,235	12.7	11.8	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	690	485	200	3.6	4.9	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	300	185	110	1.6	1.9	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	680	260	425	3.6	2.6	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	460	235	225	2.4	2.4	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,515	785	735	8.0	7.9	8.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	870	525	345	4.6	5.3	3.8
61 Educational services	1,280	330	950	6.7	3.3	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	2,510	470	2,040	13.2	4.7	22.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	380	170	205	2.0	1.7	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	1,225	620	600	6.5	6.3	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	915	455	460	4.8	4.6	5.1
91 Public administration	860	435	425	4.5	4.4	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	20,560	10,625	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,220	10,480	9,735	98.3	98.6	98.0
French	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
English and French	120	45	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	20,560	10,625	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,530	10,620	9,915	99.9	100.0	99.8
Official languages	20,475	10,600	9,880	99.6	99.8	99.5
English	20,435	10,590	9,850	99.4	99.7	99.2
French	35	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	55	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	15	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	20,560	10,625	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,305	10,505	9,800	98.8	98.9	98.7
English	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
French	90	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	115	70	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	70	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,545	9,145	8,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,300	1,460	1,845	18.8	16.0	22.0
Worked outside Canada	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,275	2,480	790	18.7	27.1	9.4
Usual place of work	10,935	5,185	5,750	62.3	56.7	68.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,935	5,185	5,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,935	1,935	2,005	36.0	37.3	34.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,245	2,770	3,470	57.1	53.4	60.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	585	350	235	5.3	6.8	4.1
Commute to a different province or territory	170	125	40	1.6	2.4	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,205	7,665	6,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	12,955	7,020	5,940	91.2	91.6	90.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,115	6,605	5,515	85.3	86.2	84.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	840	415	420	5.9	5.4	6.4
Public transit	295	135	155	2.1	1.8	2.4
Walked	445	155	290	3.1	2.0	4.4
Bicycle	60	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other method	455	315	135	3.2	4.1	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,205	7,665	6,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,000	2,480	2,520	35.2	32.4	38.5
15 to 29 minutes	5,370	2,770	2,605	37.8	36.1	39.8
30 to 44 minutes	2,455	1,495	960	17.3	19.5	14.7
45 to 59 minutes	740	475	265	5.2	6.2	4.0
60 minutes and over	640	445	190	4.5	5.8	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,205	7,665	6,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	870	640	230	6.1	8.3	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,790	1,900	890	19.6	24.8	13.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,815	2,065	1,750	26.9	26.9	26.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,160	1,360	1,795	22.2	17.7	27.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,750	710	1,040	12.3	9.3	15.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,820	995	830	12.8	13.0	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,245	3,800	3,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	375	195	180	5.2	5.1	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,865	3,605	3,265	94.8	94.9	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,410	2,845	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260	140	120	4.8	4.9	4.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	45	40	1.7	1.6	1.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	95	80	3.1	3.3	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,150	2,710	2,440	95.2	95.3	95.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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