Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Tsinstikeptum 9, Indian reserve (IRI)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,134	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	7,612	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,937	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,587	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,351.7	...	...	1,351.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6.76	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,135	4,245	4,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	860	440	415	9.4	10.4	8.5
0 to 4 years	285	150	130	3.1	3.5	2.7
5 to 9 years	280	130	145	3.1	3.1	3.0
10 to 14 years	295	160	140	3.2	3.8	2.9
15 to 64 years	4,885	2,275	2,615	53.5	53.6	53.5
15 to 19 years	245	125	130	2.7	2.9	2.7
20 to 24 years	425	225	205	4.7	5.3	4.2
25 to 29 years	500	240	250	5.5	5.7	5.1
30 to 34 years	440	220	220	4.8	5.2	4.5
35 to 39 years	425	185	240	4.7	4.4	4.9
40 to 44 years	385	190	200	4.2	4.5	4.1
45 to 49 years	385	190	195	4.2	4.5	4.0
50 to 54 years	450	195	255	4.9	4.6	5.2
55 to 59 years	720	310	405	7.9	7.3	8.3
60 to 64 years	910	390	520	10.0	9.2	10.6
65 years and over	3,390	1,535	1,855	37.1	36.2	38.0
65 to 69 years	890	420	475	9.7	9.9	9.7
70 to 74 years	1,000	425	580	10.9	10.0	11.9
75 to 79 years	700	320	375	7.7	7.5	7.7
80 to 84 years	430	205	225	4.7	4.8	4.6
85 years and over	370	165	205	4.1	3.9	4.2
85 to 89 years	240	120	120	2.6	2.8	2.5
90 to 94 years	105	40	65	1.1	0.9	1.3
95 to 99 years	20	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.4	10.4	8.5	9.4	10.4	8.5
15 to 64 years	53.5	53.6	53.5	53.5	53.6	53.5
65 years and over	37.1	36.2	38.0	37.1	36.2	38.0
85 years and over	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.2
Average age of the population	52.1	51.0	53.2	52.1	51.0	53.2
Median age of the population	58.4	56.8	59.2	58.4	56.8	59.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	1,330	...	...	29.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	520	...	...	11.3	...	...
Row house	165	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	725	...	...	15.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	175	...	...	3.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,660	...	...	36.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,590	...	...	34.6	...	...
2 persons	2,195	...	...	47.8	...	...
3 persons	445	...	...	9.7	...	...
4 persons	235	...	...	5.1	...	...
5 or more persons	120	...	...	2.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	8,900	4,145	4,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	8,275	3,805	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	4,815	2,415	2,400	58.2	63.5	53.8
Married	3,705	1,855	1,850	44.8	48.8	41.4
Living common-law	1,110	560	550	13.4	14.7	12.3
Living common law - Never married	725	370	355	8.8	9.7	8.0
Living common law - Separated	55	30	20	0.7	0.8	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	275	125	145	3.3	3.3	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	60	30	30	0.7	0.8	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	3,460	1,390	2,070	41.8	36.5	46.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,545	825	725	18.7	21.7	16.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	335	120	210	4.0	3.2	4.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	855	300	550	10.3	7.9	12.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	720	145	575	8.7	3.8	12.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,155	...	...	76.3	...	...
3 persons	400	...	...	14.2	...	...
4 persons	190	...	...	6.7	...	...
5 or more persons	80	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,330	...	...	82.5	...	...
Married couples	1,780	...	...	63.0	...	...
With children⁶	375	...	...	13.3	...	...
Without children	1,395	...	...	49.4	...	...
Common-law couples	555	...	...	19.6	...	...
With children⁶	150	...	...	5.3	...	...
Without children	405	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	490	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	390	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	100	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	8,900	4,145	4,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	6,680	3,245	3,430	75.1	78.3	72.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,665	2,335	2,330	52.4	56.3	49.1
Parents in one-parent families	495	105	395	5.6	2.5	8.3
Children⁶	1,525	815	710	17.1	19.7	14.9
In a two-parent family	840	440	400	9.4	10.6	8.4
In a one-parent family	680	380	305	7.6	9.2	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,215	900	1,315	24.9	21.7	27.7
Living alone	1,590	600	990	17.9	14.5	20.8
Living with other relatives⁷	190	75	110	2.1	1.8	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	440	225	220	4.9	5.4	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,610	...	...	56.9	...	...
Couple-family households	2,200	...	...	47.9	...	...
With children⁶	485	...	...	10.6	...	...
Without children	1,710	...	...	37.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	405	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	45	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	120	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	200	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	1,590	...	...	34.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	8,040	3,710	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,925	3,660	4,265	98.6	98.7	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,400	36,000	40,400	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,935	3,660	4,275	98.7	98.7	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	30,400	33,200	37,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,870	3,220	3,660	85.4	86.8	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	32,800	21,200	26,000	32,800	21,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,525	2,200	2,325	56.3	59.3	53.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	34,400	26,000	29,400	34,400	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,280	3,280	4,000	90.5	88.4	92.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,900	15,300	14,500	14,900	15,300	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	870	410	465	10.8	11.1	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,600	5,480	5,520	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,985	915	1,070	24.7	24.7	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	9,000	9,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	8,040	3,705	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,895	3,650	4,240	98.2	98.5	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	47,080	38,640	42,520	47,080	38,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,895	3,655	4,240	98.2	98.7	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,960	41,640	34,760	37,960	41,640	34,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,955	3,250	3,705	86.5	87.7	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,840	39,280	29,080	33,840	39,280	29,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,525	2,170	2,355	56.3	58.6	54.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,800	40,960	31,000	35,800	40,960	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,260	3,310	3,950	90.3	89.3	91.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,840	13,380	14,240	13,840	13,380	14,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	880	385	495	10.9	10.4	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,400	6,480	6,440	6,400	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,945	865	1,075	24.2	23.3	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540	9,280	9,760	9,540	9,280	9,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	8,040	3,710	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,765	880	890	22.0	23.7	20.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	56,800	47,600	52,400	56,800	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050	63,900	50,200	57,050	63,900	50,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,015	950	1,065	25.1	25.6	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	19,400	15,100	16,800	19,400	15,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,100	29,700	21,000	25,100	29,700	21,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	74.2	65.6	70.0	74.2	65.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	48.2	51.7	44.5	48.2	51.7	44.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.0	25.8	34.3	30.0	25.8	34.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.0	1.7	1.4	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	5.9	8.2	7.0	5.9	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	4.7	6.4	5.5	4.7	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	8,040	3,710	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	115	50	60	1.4	1.3	1.4
With total income	7,930	3,660	4,270	98.6	98.7	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	520	220	305	6.6	6.0	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,130	445	680	14.2	12.2	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	1,565	610	955	19.7	16.7	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,255	530	730	15.8	14.5	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,020	450	570	12.9	12.3	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	825	400	425	10.4	10.9	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	530	295	240	6.7	8.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	360	240	120	4.5	6.6	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	215	135	80	2.7	3.7	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	155	105	55	2.0	2.9	1.3
$100,000 and over	340	225	110	4.3	6.1	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	260	175	85	3.3	4.8	2.0
$150,000 and over	80	50	30	1.0	1.4	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	8,040	3,710	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	110	45	60	1.4	1.2	1.4
With after-tax income	7,930	3,665	4,270	98.6	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	550	230	325	6.9	6.3	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,195	465	725	15.1	12.7	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,700	670	1,035	21.4	18.3	24.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,450	625	825	18.3	17.1	19.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,135	540	595	14.3	14.7	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	755	405	350	9.5	11.1	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	480	290	185	6.1	7.9	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	240	165	80	3.0	4.5	1.9
$80,000 to $89,999	170	115	50	2.1	3.1	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	90	50	45	1.1	1.4	1.1
$100,000 and over	165	110	55	2.1	3.0	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	95	65	30	1.2	1.8	0.7
$125,000 and over	70	45	25	0.9	1.2	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	8,040	3,710	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,520	1,510	2,005	43.8	40.7	46.3
With employment income	4,525	2,200	2,325	56.3	59.3	53.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	825	390	435	18.2	17.7	18.7
$5,000 to $9,999	380	170	215	8.4	7.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	565	235	335	12.5	10.7	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	515	215	300	11.4	9.8	12.9
$30,000 to $39,999	480	210	265	10.6	9.5	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	475	210	270	10.5	9.5	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	380	195	185	8.4	8.9	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	270	150	125	6.0	6.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	185	130	60	4.1	5.9	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	140	85	55	3.1	3.9	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	90	65	25	2.0	3.0	1.1
$100,000 and over	210	145	60	4.6	6.6	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	125	80	45	2.8	3.6	1.9
$125,000 and over	85	60	20	1.9	2.7	0.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	8,040	3,710	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,815	3,605	4,215	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	29,000	33,200	39,200	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,830	3,605	4,230	97.4	97.2	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	26,600	30,200	35,600	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,955	3,250	3,715	86.5	87.6	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	34,400	22,400	27,400	34,400	22,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,960	2,370	2,590	61.7	63.9	59.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,800	24,000	28,400	34,800	24,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,390	2,790	3,600	79.5	75.2	83.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,400	13,100	11,900	12,400	13,100	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	660	310	355	8.2	8.4	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,120	5,240	5,240	5,120	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	8,040	3,705	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,830	3,610	4,220	97.4	97.4	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,080	35,520	40,400	46,080	35,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,835	3,610	4,225	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,320	40,040	31,360	35,320	40,040	31,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,975	3,270	3,710	86.8	88.3	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,120	41,280	29,720	35,120	41,280	29,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,915	2,305	2,615	61.1	62.2	60.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,560	41,760	30,080	35,560	41,760	30,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,340	2,775	3,565	78.9	74.9	82.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,190	11,320	11,100	11,190	11,320	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	660	255	405	8.2	6.9	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,780	7,100	6,600	6,780	7,100	6,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	8,040	3,710	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,785	880	905	22.2	23.7	20.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	58,000	41,600	48,000	58,000	41,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,250	63,500	45,300	54,250	63,500	45,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,935	895	1,040	24.1	24.1	24.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	28,600	20,800	23,000	28,600	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	36,700	25,320	30,600	36,700	25,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.6	81.2	73.6	77.6	81.2	73.6
Employment income (%)	55.3	57.9	52.5	55.3	57.9	52.5
Government transfers (%)	22.5	18.9	26.4	22.5	18.9	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	73,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...	65,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	105	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	255	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	210	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	205	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	255	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	250	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	490	...	...	10.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	430	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	410	...	...	8.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	335	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	995	...	...	21.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	455	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	245	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	210	...	...	4.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	90	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	255	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	275	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	265	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	290	...	...	6.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	540	...	...	11.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	510	...	...	11.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	420	...	...	9.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	340	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	275	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	685	...	...	14.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	380	...	...	8.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	165	...	...	3.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	140	...	...	3.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,030	825	1,205	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,800	36,400	36,400	36,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	33,600	34,000	34,000	33,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,100	...	...	77,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...	65,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,000	800	1,210	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,040	44,900	45,100	45,040	44,900	45,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,680	40,000	39,500	39,680	40,000	39,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	8,895	4,150	4,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	995	515	485	11.2	12.4	10.2
0 to 5 years	330	185	145	3.7	4.5	3.1
18 to 64 years	4,685	2,170	2,520	52.7	52.3	53.1
65 years and over	3,210	1,465	1,745	36.1	35.3	36.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,145	495	650	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	135	75	65	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	565	255	305	...	...	...
65 years and over	450	170	280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.0	13.7	12.9	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.8	14.4	13.2	13.8	14.4	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	9.0	12.0	10.0	9.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.1	12.0	11.8	12.1
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.4	16.0	13.9	11.4	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	8,895	4,145	4,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	5,730	2,630	3,100	64.4	63.4	65.3
In bottom decile	1,000	465	535	11.2	11.2	11.3
In second decile	1,215	535	685	13.7	12.9	14.4
In third decile	1,220	565	655	13.7	13.6	13.8
In fourth decile	1,165	540	630	13.1	13.0	13.3
In fifth decile	1,130	525	600	12.7	12.7	12.6
In top half of the distribution	3,170	1,520	1,650	35.6	36.7	34.7
In sixth decile	905	410	500	10.2	9.9	10.5
In seventh decile	780	375	405	8.8	9.0	8.5
In eighth decile	670	325	345	7.5	7.8	7.3
In ninth decile	500	260	240	5.6	6.3	5.1
In top decile	310	150	160	3.5	3.6	3.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	8,900	...	...	8,900	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	8,970	4,190	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	8,485	3,965	4,520	94.6	94.6	94.6
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	445	200	245	5.0	4.8	5.1
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	8,970	4,190	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,790	4,095	4,690	98.0	97.7	98.1
French	140	65	75	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	30	20	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	8,970	4,190	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,830	4,130	4,705	98.4	98.6	98.4
Official languages	8,135	3,805	4,330	90.7	90.8	90.6
English	7,975	3,730	4,250	88.9	89.0	88.9
French	160	80	80	1.8	1.9	1.7
Non-official languages	700	320	375	7.8	7.6	7.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	685	320	365	7.6	7.6	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	555	260	295	6.2	6.2	6.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	55	75	1.4	1.3	1.6
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	55	75	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	45	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	125	150	3.1	3.0	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	85	105	2.2	2.0	2.2
German	190	85	105	2.1	2.0	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	50	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	55	1.2	1.4	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	65	35	25	0.7	0.8	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	135	60	75	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0.8	0.7	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	8,970	4,190	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,385	3,920	4,460	93.5	93.6	93.3
French	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	90	50	45	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	45	1.1	1.1	0.9
English and French	60	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	395	175	225	4.4	4.2	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	8,970	4,190	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,890	4,165	4,730	99.1	99.4	99.0
Official languages	8,700	4,070	4,635	97.0	97.1	97.0
English	8,680	4,055	4,625	96.8	96.8	96.8
French	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	190	100	95	2.1	2.4	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	95	95	2.1	2.3	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	145	70	70	1.6	1.7	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
German	30	15	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	40	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	20	50	0.8	0.5	1.0
English and French	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	20	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	8,965	4,190	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,560	3,995	4,565	95.5	95.3	95.5
English	90	45	45	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	235	100	130	2.6	2.4	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	220	95	125	2.5	2.3	2.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	8,895	4,120	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	8,845	4,090	4,755	99.4	99.3	99.6
English	8,845	4,090	4,755	99.4	99.3	99.6
French	410	160	250	4.6	3.9	5.2
Non-official languages	985	450	535	11.1	10.9	11.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	40	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	40	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	930	425	505	10.5	10.3	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	785	375	410	8.8	9.1	8.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	80	95	2.0	1.9	2.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	75	95	2.0	1.8	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	385	170	215	4.3	4.1	4.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	120	165	3.2	2.9	3.5
German	285	120	165	3.2	2.9	3.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	55	45	1.1	1.3	0.9
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	60	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Dari	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	120	90	2.4	2.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	90	75	1.8	2.2	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
American Sign Language	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,895	4,115	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,120	515	610	12.6	12.5	12.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,075	495	585	12.1	12.0	12.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	775	365	415	8.7	8.9	8.7
Métis	290	120	170	3.3	2.9	3.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	7,775	3,610	4,170	87.4	87.7	87.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,895	4,115	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	690	305	385	7.8	7.4	8.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,205	3,810	4,390	92.2	92.6	91.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,620	...	...	79.0	...	...
Renter	865	...	...	18.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,160	...	...	25.3	...	...
Not condominium	3,430	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	445	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,495	...	...	54.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,215	...	...	26.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	405	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,635	...	...	35.7	...	...
5 rooms	1,065	...	...	23.2	...	...
6 rooms	945	...	...	20.6	...	...
7 rooms	515	...	...	11.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	425	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,555	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	4,455	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	135	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	65	...	...	1.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	810	...	...	17.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	540	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	905	...	...	19.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	190	...	...	4.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	740	...	...	16.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	650	...	...	14.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	695	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,370	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	220	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,440	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,015	...	...	43.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	135	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	120	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	430	...	...	9.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	480	...	...	10.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	475	...	...	10.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,020	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,150	...	...	25.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	700	...	...	15.3	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	340	...	...	7.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Not suitable only	125	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	205	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,245	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Not in core need	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	...	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	680	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	8,900	4,120	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	580	280	300	6.5	6.8	6.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	560	270	290	6.3	6.6	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	480	235	250	5.4	5.7	5.2
Métis single ancestry	75	30	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	560	240	315	6.3	5.8	6.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	540	235	310	6.1	5.7	6.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	155	220	4.2	3.8	4.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	75	90	1.9	1.8	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	7,755	3,595	4,160	87.1	87.3	87.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	8,895	4,120	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	8,550	3,960	4,585	96.1	96.1	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,010	510	500	11.4	12.4	10.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,535	3,450	4,085	84.7	83.7	85.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	350	155	190	3.9	3.8	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	8,895	4,120	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	7,730	3,585	4,140	86.9	87.0	86.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,080	475	605	12.1	11.5	12.7
Before 1980	570	260	310	6.4	6.3	6.5
1980 to 1990	115	55	65	1.3	1.3	1.4
1991 to 2000	110	35	70	1.2	0.8	1.5
2001 to 2010	175	80	90	2.0	1.9	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	105	40	70	1.2	1.0	1.5
2011 to 2015	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
2016 to 2021	60	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90	60	30	1.0	1.5	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,080	470	605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	105	50	60	9.7	10.6	9.9
5 to 14 years	170	90	80	15.7	19.1	13.2
15 to 24 years	300	110	190	27.8	23.4	31.4
25 to 44 years	405	175	225	37.5	37.2	37.2
45 years and over	90	45	50	8.3	9.6	8.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,080	470	605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	165	60	110	15.3	12.8	18.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	120	40	75	11.1	8.5	12.4
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.7
Europe	750	355	400	69.4	75.5	66.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	1.4	2.1	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.9	2.1	0.0
Germany	165	55	115	15.3	11.7	19.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	1.7
Italy	25	15	10	2.3	3.2	1.7
Netherlands	45	25	25	4.2	5.3	4.1
Poland	50	30	20	4.6	6.4	3.3
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	25	10	2.8	5.3	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	1.4	2.1	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	140	160	28.2	29.8	26.4
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	30	5.6	6.4	5.0
Africa	25	15	15	2.3	3.2	2.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	1.9	2.1	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	115	45	75	10.6	9.6	12.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.9	2.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	20	1.9	2.1	3.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	1.9	2.1	1.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	20	2.3	2.1	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	10	1.4	2.1	1.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	55	20	35	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	0	20	36.4	0.0	57.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	18.2	0.0	28.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
Europe	10	10	10	18.2	50.0	28.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	15	10	10	27.3	50.0	28.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	18.2	0.0	28.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	8,895	4,120	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,235	555	675	13.9	13.5	14.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,520	680	845	17.1	16.5	17.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,145	2,890	3,260	69.1	70.1	68.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	505	210	295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	275	115	155	54.5	54.8	52.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	85	45	40	16.8	21.4	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195	75	120	38.6	35.7	40.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	145	50	95	28.7	23.8	32.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75	45	35	14.9	21.4	11.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	10	2.0	4.8	3.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	505	210	295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	15	5.0	7.1	5.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	105	30	70	20.8	14.3	23.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	25	10	6.9	11.9	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	10	10	3.0	4.8	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	330	135	190	65.3	64.3	64.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	8,895	4,120	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	345	160	190	3.9	3.9	4.0
South Asian	50	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.5
Chinese	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Black	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	75	45	30	0.8	1.1	0.6
Southeast Asian	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Japanese	35	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,550	3,965	4,585	96.1	96.2	96.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	8,895	4,120	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,000	455	545	11.2	11.0	11.4
English	2,535	1,140	1,390	28.5	27.7	29.1
Irish	1,585	710	875	17.8	17.2	18.3
Scottish	1,895	800	1,095	21.3	19.4	22.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	840	395	440	9.4	9.6	9.2
German	1,795	825	975	20.2	20.0	20.4
Chinese	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italian	245	115	125	2.8	2.8	2.6
Indian (India)	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	600	250	350	6.7	6.1	7.3
Dutch	395	170	220	4.4	4.1	4.6
Polish	355	150	205	4.0	3.6	4.3
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	335	155	180	3.8	3.8	3.8
Filipino	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	80	45	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	165	80	80	1.9	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	400	185	215	4.5	4.5	4.5
Métis	280	125	150	3.1	3.0	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	260	110	145	2.9	2.7	3.0
Russian	325	185	145	3.7	4.5	3.0
Norwegian	335	170	165	3.8	4.1	3.5
Welsh	195	85	115	2.2	2.1	2.4
Portuguese	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
American	130	55	75	1.5	1.3	1.6
Spanish	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	205	75	135	2.3	1.8	2.8
Hungarian	135	60	70	1.5	1.5	1.5
Acadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Jewish	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Jamaican	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	110	50	60	1.2	1.2	1.3
Korean	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	90	35	50	1.0	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	75	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	50	55	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belgian	70	20	50	0.8	0.5	1.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Mennonite	30	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	45	35	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Japanese	40	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	65	40	30	0.7	1.0	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
British Columbian	40	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	8,900	4,115	4,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	60	20	40	0.7	0.5	0.8
Christian	3,930	1,715	2,215	44.2	41.7	46.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	665	305	360	7.5	7.4	7.5
Anabaptist	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Anglican	425	185	240	4.8	4.5	5.0
Baptist	125	40	85	1.4	1.0	1.8
Catholic	1,315	625	685	14.8	15.2	14.3
Christian Orthodox	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	90	35	55	1.0	0.9	1.2
Latter Day Saints	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Lutheran	230	85	140	2.6	2.1	2.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	75	25	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
Presbyterian	80	25	50	0.9	0.6	1.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	620	250	370	7.0	6.1	7.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	220	95	125	2.5	2.3	2.6
Hindu	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Jewish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Muslim	45	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	25	40	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	125	45	75	1.4	1.1	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	4,635	2,275	2,365	52.1	55.3	49.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	8,825	4,075	4,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	7,260	3,345	3,910	82.3	82.1	82.3
Movers	1,565	725	840	17.7	17.8	17.7
Non-migrants	735	330	400	8.3	8.1	8.4
Migrants	835	395	440	9.5	9.7	9.3
Internal migrants	825	390	435	9.3	9.6	9.2
Intraprovincial migrants	530	230	305	6.0	5.6	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	290	160	130	3.3	3.9	2.7
External migrants	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,585	3,960	4,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	3,895	1,840	2,055	45.4	46.5	44.4
Movers	4,685	2,115	2,570	54.6	53.4	55.6
Non-migrants	830	400	425	9.7	10.1	9.2
Migrants	3,855	1,715	2,140	44.9	43.3	46.3
Internal migrants	3,720	1,655	2,060	43.3	41.8	44.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,665	1,125	1,535	31.0	28.4	33.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,055	530	525	12.3	13.4	11.4
External migrants	140	60	80	1.6	1.5	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,040	3,705	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,635	855	785	20.3	23.1	18.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,400	2,855	3,545	79.6	77.1	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,220	1,900	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	660	365	295	15.6	19.2	12.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,555	1,535	2,020	84.2	80.8	87.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,040	3,710	4,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,320	695	625	16.4	18.7	14.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,770	1,245	1,520	34.5	33.6	35.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,955	1,765	2,185	49.2	47.6	50.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,040	1,350	1,690	37.8	36.4	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	915	650	265	11.4	17.5	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	390	180	205	4.9	4.9	4.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	525	465	60	6.5	12.5	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,855	615	1,240	23.1	16.6	28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	85	185	3.4	2.3	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	915	415	500	11.4	11.2	11.5
Bachelor's degree	685	310	375	8.5	8.4	8.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	80	35	45	1.0	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Master's degree	125	55	70	1.6	1.5	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,215	1,905	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	510	300	205	12.1	15.7	8.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,405	685	720	33.3	36.0	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,300	915	1,390	54.6	48.0	60.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,760	715	1,045	41.8	37.5	45.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	490	345	150	11.6	18.1	6.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	235	110	120	5.6	5.8	5.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	255	230	25	6.0	12.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,105	330	780	26.2	17.3	33.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	45	120	3.9	2.4	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	545	195	345	12.9	10.2	14.9
Bachelor's degree	425	155	270	10.1	8.1	11.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	50	25	25	1.2	1.3	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Master's degree	70	15	55	1.7	0.8	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,040	3,710	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,090	1,945	2,145	50.9	52.4	49.5
Education	250	55	200	3.1	1.5	4.6
13. Education	250	55	200	3.1	1.5	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	65	75	1.7	1.8	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10	0.4	0.8	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	105	30	70	1.3	0.8	1.6
Humanities	120	35	90	1.5	0.9	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	30	0.5	0.0	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	10	40	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	360	125	235	4.5	3.4	5.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70	0	65	0.9	0.0	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	85	30	60	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	50	10	40	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	90	55	40	1.1	1.5	0.9
Business, management and public administration	845	255	585	10.5	6.9	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	10	35	0.4	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	800	255	545	10.0	6.9	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55	35	20	0.7	0.9	0.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	10	0.1	0.3	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	35	20	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	80	35	1.4	2.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	55	15	0.9	1.5	0.3
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	900	835	65	11.2	22.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
14. Engineering	60	40	20	0.7	1.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	235	215	20	2.9	5.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	260	250	10	3.2	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	220	215	10	2.7	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	105	105	0	1.3	2.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	65	60	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	35	55	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	25	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	690	90	600	8.6	2.4	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	25	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	635	60	570	7.9	1.6	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	355	135	220	4.4	3.6	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	55	195	3.1	1.5	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	60	10	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,215	1,900	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,915	985	925	45.4	51.8	40.0
Education	100	0	95	2.4	0.0	4.1
13. Education	100	0	95	2.4	0.0	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	110	45	65	2.6	2.4	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	100	35	60	2.4	1.8	2.6
Humanities	80	20	65	1.9	1.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	10	35	0.9	0.5	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245	60	185	5.8	3.2	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	30	1.1	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	40	0	40	0.9	0.0	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	55	10	50	1.3	0.5	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	35	0	35	0.8	0.0	1.5
45. Social sciences	50	25	30	1.2	1.3	1.3
Business, management and public administration	475	125	350	11.3	6.6	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	0	25	0.6	0.0	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	440	125	315	10.4	6.6	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	20	15	0.7	1.1	0.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	55	35	20	1.3	1.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	35	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	495	455	40	11.7	23.9	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
14. Engineering	30	20	10	0.7	1.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	130	120	10	3.1	6.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	180	165	10	4.3	8.7	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	100	105	0	2.4	5.5	0.0
48. Precision production	45	45	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	65	30	30	1.5	1.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	50	20	30	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Health and related fields	435	55	385	10.3	2.9	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	10	20	0.7	0.5	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	405	40	365	9.6	2.1	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	205	70	135	4.9	3.7	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	160	30	120	3.8	1.6	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	35	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,215	1,900	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,915	985	925	45.4	51.8	40.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,305	920	1,390	54.7	48.4	60.0
Location of study inside Canada	2,080	840	1,240	49.3	44.2	53.6
Same as province or territory of residence	1,305	490	815	31.0	25.8	35.2
Different than province or territory of residence	770	350	425	18.3	18.4	18.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	230	80	150	5.5	4.2	6.5
Americas	75	25	50	1.8	1.3	2.2
United States of America	50	10	35	1.2	0.5	1.5
Mexico	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	90	35	55	2.1	1.8	2.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	10	0	0.6	0.5	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Africa	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	40	10	30	0.9	0.5	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	8,040	3,710	4,335	...	...	...
In the labour force	3,970	1,925	2,050	...	...	...
Employed	3,520	1,655	1,865	...	...	...
Unemployed	450	270	180	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,070	1,790	2,280	...	...	...
Participation rate	49.4	51.9	47.3	49.4	51.9	47.3
Employment rate	43.8	44.6	43.0	43.8	44.6	43.0
Unemployment rate	11.3	14.0	8.8	11.3	14.0	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	8,045	3,710	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,040	1,770	2,270	50.2	47.7	52.4
Worked	4,005	1,940	2,065	49.8	52.3	47.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,855	930	930	23.1	25.1	21.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,150	1,010	1,135	26.7	27.2	26.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	39.6	39.9	39.7	39.6	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	3,975	1,920	2,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130	60	70	3.3	3.1	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	3,845	1,865	1,980	96.7	97.1	96.6
Employee	3,235	1,540	1,695	81.4	80.2	82.7
Permanent position	2,720	1,285	1,435	68.4	66.9	70.0
Temporary position	515	250	265	13.0	13.0	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	110	30	85	2.8	1.6	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	400	220	185	10.1	11.5	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	605	325	280	15.2	16.9	13.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	3,975	1,920	2,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130	60	70	3.3	3.1	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	3,845	1,865	1,980	96.7	97.1	96.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	55	25	25	1.4	1.3	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	630	110	520	15.8	5.7	25.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	155	125	35	3.9	6.5	1.7
3 Health occupations	235	25	210	5.9	1.3	10.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	305	55	250	7.7	2.9	12.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	125	60	65	3.1	3.1	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	1,235	530	705	31.1	27.6	34.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	840	735	105	21.1	38.3	5.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	140	115	20	3.5	6.0	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	115	85	35	2.9	4.4	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	3,975	1,920	2,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	130	60	70	3.3	3.1	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	3,845	1,865	1,980	96.7	97.1	96.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	55	40	15	1.4	2.1	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	50	10	1.3	2.6	0.5
22 Utilities	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
23 Construction	460	345	115	11.6	18.0	5.6
31-33 Manufacturing	220	150	70	5.5	7.8	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	90	70	25	2.3	3.6	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	755	310	445	19.0	16.1	21.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	190	145	50	4.8	7.6	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	80	55	25	2.0	2.9	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	90	35	55	2.3	1.8	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85	50	35	2.1	2.6	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	235	100	130	5.9	5.2	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	195	100	90	4.9	5.2	4.4
61 Educational services	170	35	130	4.3	1.8	6.3
62 Health care and social assistance	455	60	390	11.4	3.1	19.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	115	55	60	2.9	2.9	2.9
72 Accommodation and food services	245	110	125	6.2	5.7	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	215	110	110	5.4	5.7	5.4
91 Public administration	135	50	90	3.4	2.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,300	2,055	2,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,180	2,005	2,175	97.2	97.6	97.1
French	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official language	35	25	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	25	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
English and French	30	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,300	2,055	2,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	4,290	2,055	2,240	99.8	100.0	100.0
Official languages	4,255	2,030	2,225	99.0	98.8	99.3
English	4,245	2,025	2,215	98.7	98.5	98.9
French	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	40	25	10	0.9	1.2	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	25	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	25	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	25	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	25	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,300	2,055	2,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	4,225	2,040	2,190	98.3	99.3	97.8
English	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
French	30	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.1
Non-official language	30	0	20	0.7	0.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,520	1,655	1,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	475	160	315	13.5	9.7	16.9
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
No fixed workplace address	665	450	220	18.9	27.2	11.8
Usual place of work	2,380	1,040	1,335	67.6	62.8	71.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,380	1,040	1,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	590	225	365	24.8	21.6	27.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,625	715	915	68.3	68.8	68.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	110	75	45	4.6	7.2	3.4
Commute to a different province or territory	45	30	15	1.9	2.9	1.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,045	1,490	1,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	2,710	1,320	1,390	89.0	88.6	89.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,590	1,245	1,340	85.1	83.6	85.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	125	75	45	4.1	5.0	2.9
Public transit	65	30	40	2.1	2.0	2.6
Walked	150	65	80	4.9	4.4	5.1
Bicycle	20	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.6
Other method	100	65	40	3.3	4.4	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,045	1,490	1,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,185	530	655	38.9	35.6	42.0
15 to 29 minutes	1,025	480	550	33.7	32.2	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	610	340	270	20.0	22.8	17.3
45 to 59 minutes	130	80	45	4.3	5.4	2.9
60 minutes and over	95	60	35	3.1	4.0	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,045	1,490	1,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	200	170	25	6.6	11.4	1.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	580	385	190	19.0	25.8	12.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	825	350	475	27.1	23.5	30.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	645	225	420	21.2	15.1	26.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	355	140	220	11.7	9.4	14.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	440	225	210	14.4	15.1	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,020	530	490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	5.4	5.7	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	965	490	470	94.6	92.5	95.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	715	360	355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	25	20	6.3	6.9	5.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	15	10	2.8	4.2	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	10	10	3.5	2.8	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	670	335	335	93.7	93.1	94.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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