Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Surrey CentreMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,730	61,380	58,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,350	8,935	8,415	14.5	14.6	14.4
0 to 4 years	5,655	2,865	2,790	4.7	4.7	4.8
5 to 9 years	5,655	2,915	2,740	4.7	4.7	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,040	3,155	2,890	5.0	5.1	5.0
15 to 64 years	86,810	44,930	41,880	72.5	73.2	71.8
15 to 19 years	6,890	3,645	3,245	5.8	5.9	5.6
20 to 24 years	12,495	6,610	5,885	10.4	10.8	10.1
25 to 29 years	11,800	6,155	5,640	9.9	10.0	9.7
30 to 34 years	10,345	5,500	4,845	8.6	9.0	8.3
35 to 39 years	8,645	4,395	4,250	7.2	7.2	7.3
40 to 44 years	7,705	3,875	3,830	6.4	6.3	6.6
45 to 49 years	7,055	3,480	3,570	5.9	5.7	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,280	3,695	3,580	6.1	6.0	6.1
55 to 59 years	7,740	4,045	3,700	6.5	6.6	6.3
60 to 64 years	6,855	3,525	3,335	5.7	5.7	5.7
65 years and over	15,560	7,515	8,045	13.0	12.2	13.8
65 to 69 years	5,320	2,725	2,595	4.4	4.4	4.4
70 to 74 years	4,080	2,000	2,080	3.4	3.3	3.6
75 to 79 years	2,595	1,235	1,360	2.2	2.0	2.3
80 to 84 years	1,855	850	1,005	1.5	1.4	1.7
85 years and over	1,720	715	1,010	1.4	1.2	1.7
85 to 89 years	1,095	500	600	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	465	175	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	14.6	14.4	14.5	14.6	14.4
15 to 64 years	72.5	73.2	71.8	72.5	73.2	71.8
65 years and over	13.0	12.2	13.8	13.0	12.2	13.8
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	38.4	37.9	38.9	38.4	37.9	38.9
Median age of the population	35.6	34.8	36.4	35.6	34.8	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,875	...	...	22.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	560	...	...	1.4	...	...
Row house	2,595	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,880	...	...	27.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,925	...	...	24.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,150	...	...	17.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,950	...	...	24.8	...	...
2 persons	10,560	...	...	26.3	...	...
3 persons	6,355	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	5,945	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	7,270	...	...	18.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,100	60,395	57,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,375	52,450	49,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,560	26,885	26,675	52.3	51.3	53.4
Married	48,125	24,140	23,985	47.0	46.0	48.0
Living common-law	5,440	2,745	2,690	5.3	5.2	5.4
Living common law - Never married	4,160	2,105	2,060	4.1	4.0	4.1
Living common law - Separated	270	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	905	460	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Living common law - Widowed	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	48,815	25,560	23,255	47.7	48.7	46.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,785	21,195	15,585	35.9	40.4	31.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,585	1,175	1,410	2.5	2.2	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,105	2,265	2,840	5.0	4.3	5.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,335	920	3,415	4.2	1.8	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,335	...	...	44.3	...	...
3 persons	6,865	...	...	22.8	...	...
4 persons	6,755	...	...	22.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,115	...	...	10.4	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,015	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	22,300	...	...	74.2	...	...
With children⁶	13,890	...	...	46.2	...	...
Without children	8,410	...	...	28.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,720	...	...	9.0	...	...
With children⁶	945	...	...	3.1	...	...
Without children	1,770	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,050	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,935	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,120	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,100	60,400	57,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,070	45,580	45,490	77.1	75.5	78.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,035	25,055	24,975	42.4	41.5	43.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,055	1,120	3,935	4.3	1.9	6.8
Children⁶	35,985	19,405	16,585	30.5	32.1	28.7
In a two-parent family	28,260	15,175	13,090	23.9	25.1	22.7
In a one-parent family	7,725	4,230	3,495	6.5	7.0	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,025	14,815	12,210	22.9	24.5	21.2
Living alone	9,950	5,615	4,335	8.4	9.3	7.5
Living with other relatives⁷	6,630	2,870	3,760	5.6	4.8	6.5
Living with non-relatives only	10,450	6,330	4,120	8.8	10.5	7.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,270	...	...	48.1	...	...
Couple-family households	16,205	...	...	40.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,720	...	...	24.2	...	...
Without children	6,485	...	...	16.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,070	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,915	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	775	...	...	1.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,455	...	...	6.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,710	...	...	9.3	...	...
One-person households	9,950	...	...	24.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,755	51,465	49,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,680	49,475	47,210	96.0	96.1	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,400	34,400	38,000	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,735	49,505	47,230	96.0	96.2	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,800	29,800	32,400	34,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,500	42,965	38,535	80.9	83.5	78.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,000	24,400	30,200	36,000	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,460	38,820	33,645	71.9	75.4	68.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,000	27,000	32,400	38,000	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,080	42,575	43,505	85.4	82.7	88.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	6,600	9,900	8,300	6,600	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,765	4,770	5,995	10.7	9.3	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,850	17,595	17,255	34.6	34.2	35.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,760	49,310	47,450	95.9	96.0	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	45,520	35,520	40,600	45,520	35,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,835	49,345	47,490	96.0	96.1	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	32,240	36,000	39,600	32,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,280	42,690	38,590	80.6	83.1	78.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,280	43,280	30,640	37,280	43,280	30,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,465	38,565	33,900	71.9	75.1	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,480	44,120	32,040	38,480	44,120	32,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,790	42,285	43,500	85.1	82.3	87.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,410	11,560	10,500	9,410	11,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,740	4,760	5,975	10.7	9.3	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,510	5,780	7,090	6,510	5,780	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,415	17,230	17,185	34.1	33.5	34.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,840	9,220	9,030	8,840	9,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,215	17,795	12,420	30.0	34.6	25.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,000	48,000	53,200	58,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,000	63,000	50,840	58,000	63,000	50,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,160	15,170	15,990	30.9	29.5	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,000	17,000	19,000	22,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,720	29,320	22,320	25,720	29,320	22,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	82.2	70.2	77.0	82.2	70.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	75.8	64.4	71.0	75.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.9	17.7	29.9	22.9	17.7	29.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.2	2.5	1.8	1.2	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	8.1	11.7	9.7	8.1	11.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.9	6.8	9.4	7.9	6.8	9.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,755	51,465	49,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,070	1,990	2,080	4.0	3.9	4.2
With total income	96,680	49,475	47,210	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,430	4,800	5,625	10.8	9.7	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	13,740	6,385	7,355	14.2	12.9	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	17,570	8,155	9,415	18.2	16.5	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	14,205	6,620	7,590	14.7	13.4	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,890	5,745	6,145	12.3	11.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,065	4,845	4,215	9.4	9.8	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,460	3,755	2,705	6.7	7.6	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,430	2,840	1,590	4.6	5.7	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	1,970	955	3.0	4.0	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	1,345	595	2.0	2.7	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,025	3,010	1,010	4.2	6.1	2.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,210	2,350	855	3.3	4.8	1.8
$150,000 and over	810	660	155	0.8	1.3	0.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,755	51,465	49,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,020	1,965	2,060	4.0	3.8	4.2
With after-tax income	96,735	49,505	47,230	96.0	96.2	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,595	4,880	5,710	11.0	9.9	12.1
$10,000 to $19,999	14,110	6,575	7,535	14.6	13.3	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	19,795	9,185	10,605	20.5	18.6	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	16,575	7,850	8,725	17.1	15.9	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,170	6,785	6,385	13.6	13.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,960	5,145	3,810	9.3	10.4	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,615	3,510	2,110	5.8	7.1	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,250	2,180	1,070	3.4	4.4	2.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,945	1,325	620	2.0	2.7	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,085	765	320	1.1	1.5	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,640	1,295	345	1.7	2.6	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,070	845	230	1.1	1.7	0.5
$125,000 and over	565	450	115	0.6	0.9	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,755	51,465	49,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,290	12,650	15,645	28.1	24.6	31.7
With employment income	72,460	38,820	33,645	71.9	75.4	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,385	4,070	4,320	11.6	10.5	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	6,745	3,070	3,670	9.3	7.9	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,745	5,005	5,740	14.8	12.9	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	8,215	3,925	4,290	11.3	10.1	12.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,350	4,150	4,200	11.5	10.7	12.5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,955	4,220	3,735	11.0	10.9	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,670	3,820	2,850	9.2	9.8	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,855	3,030	1,825	6.7	7.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	2,310	1,105	4.7	6.0	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,655	675	3.2	4.3	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,610	1,120	495	2.2	2.9	1.5
$100,000 and over	3,180	2,435	745	4.4	6.3	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,910	1,400	510	2.6	3.6	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,270	1,040	230	1.8	2.7	0.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,755	51,465	49,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,610	47,200	45,415	91.9	91.7	92.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,800	26,000	30,000	34,800	26,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,780	47,235	45,545	92.1	91.8	92.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,600	24,800	27,800	31,600	24,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,815	42,015	37,805	79.2	81.6	76.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,400	25,800	30,800	36,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,020	38,350	33,670	71.5	74.5	68.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,600	27,800	32,400	37,600	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,575	31,670	36,905	68.1	61.5	74.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,120	1,100	4,200	2,120	1,100	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,560	2,780	3,780	6.5	5.4	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,120	5,560	5,400	5,120	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,745	47,190	45,555	92.0	91.9	92.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,720	42,200	31,040	36,720	42,200	31,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,915	47,215	45,705	92.1	91.9	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,160	36,280	27,840	32,160	36,280	27,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,710	41,990	37,725	79.0	81.8	76.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	42,960	30,320	36,960	42,960	30,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,050	38,305	33,750	71.4	74.6	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,720	43,320	31,320	37,720	43,320	31,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,650	31,545	37,105	68.1	61.4	75.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670	5,960	7,280	6,670	5,960	7,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,630	2,850	3,780	6.6	5.5	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,710	6,055	7,210	6,710	6,055	7,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,720	17,500	12,215	29.5	34.1	24.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	54,400	43,200	48,800	54,400	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,950	58,100	45,640	52,950	58,100	45,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,680	14,000	14,675	28.4	27.3	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	27,800	20,400	23,400	27,800	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	34,120	25,560	29,760	34,120	25,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.6	80.8	86.6	90.6	80.8
Employment income (%)	79.8	83.4	74.8	79.8	83.4	74.8
Government transfers (%)	13.4	9.4	19.1	13.4	9.4	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.9	1.3	0.9	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,760	...	...	41,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...	114,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	645	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,385	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,175	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,225	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,465	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,400	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,430	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,930	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,960	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,680	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,940	...	...	39.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,000	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,710	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,165	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,075	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	680	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	820	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,490	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,300	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,465	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,650	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,630	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,420	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,255	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,545	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,250	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,985	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,245	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,020	...	...	12.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,395	11,950	8,450	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,400	30,200	32,400	34,400	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,400	29,200	31,000	32,400	29,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,595	11,915	8,680	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,240	41,960	35,480	39,240	41,960	35,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,960	36,920	32,240	34,960	36,920	32,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,100	60,395	57,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,030	10,900	10,135	17.8	18.0	17.6
0 to 5 years	6,795	3,450	3,345	5.8	5.7	5.8
18 to 64 years	82,285	42,355	39,935	69.7	70.1	69.2
65 years and over	14,780	7,145	7,635	12.5	11.8	13.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,105	6,090	6,015	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,660	1,370	1,290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	900	460	450	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,390	3,805	3,585	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,050	915	1,140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	10.1	10.4	10.3	10.1	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.6	12.7	12.7	12.6	12.7
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.4	13.3	13.3	13.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	9.0	9.0	9.0	9.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	13.9	12.8	14.9	13.9	12.8	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,100	60,395	57,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,030	10,900	10,135	17.8	18.0	17.6
0 to 5 years	6,795	3,450	3,345	5.8	5.7	5.8
18 to 64 years	82,285	42,355	39,935	69.7	70.1	69.2
65 years and over	14,780	7,145	7,635	12.5	11.8	13.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,880	5,390	4,490	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,280	650	630	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	445	230	220	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,690	4,300	3,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	910	445	465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.4	8.9	7.8	8.4	8.9	7.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.0	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	10.1	8.5	9.4	10.1	8.5
65 years and over (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.2	6.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,095	60,400	57,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,200	32,645	31,555	54.4	54.0	54.7
In bottom decile	13,985	7,330	6,650	11.8	12.1	11.5
In second decile	12,090	6,025	6,070	10.2	10.0	10.5
In third decile	12,200	6,165	6,030	10.3	10.2	10.5
In fourth decile	12,615	6,400	6,215	10.7	10.6	10.8
In fifth decile	13,310	6,720	6,585	11.3	11.1	11.4
In top half of the distribution	53,900	27,755	26,145	45.6	46.0	45.3
In sixth decile	12,315	6,250	6,060	10.4	10.3	10.5
In seventh decile	12,505	6,460	6,040	10.6	10.7	10.5
In eighth decile	12,460	6,455	6,005	10.6	10.7	10.4
In ninth decile	10,525	5,445	5,080	8.9	9.0	8.8
In top decile	6,100	3,145	2,960	5.2	5.2	5.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.383	...	...	0.383	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,275	60,470	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,260	54,735	50,520	89.0	90.5	87.4
French only	70	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	3,835	1,835	2,000	3.2	3.0	3.5
Neither English nor French	9,115	3,865	5,245	7.7	6.4	9.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,275	60,470	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	107,915	55,965	51,955	91.2	92.6	89.9
French	705	375	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	665	310	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Neither English nor French	8,995	3,815	5,180	7.6	6.3	9.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,275	60,470	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,010	55,800	53,215	92.2	92.3	92.1
Official languages	41,535	22,295	19,240	35.1	36.9	33.3
English	40,945	21,965	18,975	34.6	36.3	32.8
French	590	325	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	67,475	33,505	33,970	57.0	55.4	58.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,455	33,500	33,950	57.0	55.4	58.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,960	1,555	1,410	2.5	2.6	2.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,735	1,440	1,295	2.3	2.4	2.2
Amharic	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,050	1,095	955	1.7	1.8	1.7
Aramaic languages	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	325	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,225	1,005	1,220	1.9	1.7	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	2,040	925	1,110	1.7	1.5	1.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,855	3,035	3,815	5.8	5.0	6.6
Bikol	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	485	215	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indonesian	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,435	2,385	3,045	4.6	3.9	5.3
Waray-Waray	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	900	500	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kannada	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	345	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	280	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45,625	23,170	22,460	38.6	38.3	38.9
Albanian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,545	780	760	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,540	775	760	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	535	270	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	470	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	570	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	360	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	40,305	20,470	19,835	34.1	33.9	34.3
Indo-Aryan languages	39,120	19,840	19,280	33.1	32.8	33.4
Assamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	420	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	585	330	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	4,555	2,280	2,280	3.9	3.8	3.9
Kacchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	300	150	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	31,700	16,070	15,630	26.8	26.6	27.0
Rohingya	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,095	560	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,185	630	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	895	475	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Dari	545	270	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iranian Persian	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,045	1,540	1,500	2.6	2.5	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	550	265	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,215	1,140	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	235	75	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	1,275	600	675	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	550	295	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,130	2,920	3,210	5.2	4.8	5.6
Chinese languages	5,550	2,620	2,935	4.7	4.3	5.1
Hakka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	3,260	1,510	1,755	2.8	2.5	3.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	1,975	960	1,010	1.7	1.6	1.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	565	295	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burmese	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,265	4,670	4,595	7.8	7.7	7.9
English and French	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	8,025	4,065	3,960	6.8	6.7	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	820	385	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,275	60,470	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,050	22,925	20,130	36.4	37.9	34.8
French	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	26,710	13,260	13,450	22.6	21.9	23.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	26,705	13,255	13,450	22.6	21.9	23.3
English and French	515	270	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	44,965	22,560	22,410	38.0	37.3	38.8
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	660	305	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	2,215	1,065	1,155	1.9	1.8	2.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,275	60,470	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,430	54,540	51,895	90.0	90.2	89.8
Official languages	57,445	29,975	27,470	48.6	49.6	47.5
English	57,255	29,865	27,385	48.4	49.4	47.4
French	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-official languages	48,980	24,560	24,420	41.4	40.6	42.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	48,975	24,560	24,420	41.4	40.6	42.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,255	1,170	1,085	1.9	1.9	1.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,100	1,090	1,010	1.8	1.8	1.7
Amharic	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	1,620	850	770	1.4	1.4	1.3
Aramaic languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,530	685	845	1.3	1.1	1.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,395	620	775	1.2	1.0	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,985	1,890	2,095	3.4	3.1	3.6
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,325	1,565	1,760	2.8	2.6	3.0
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	595	315	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	34,125	17,410	16,715	28.9	28.8	28.9
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	750	375	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	750	375	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	285	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	31,430	16,045	15,385	26.6	26.5	26.6
Indo-Aryan languages	30,650	15,635	15,020	25.9	25.9	26.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	425	235	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	2,865	1,455	1,405	2.4	2.4	2.4
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25,915	13,220	12,690	21.9	21.9	22.0
Rohingya	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	730	350	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	775	405	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	615	315	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	395	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,830	940	895	1.5	1.6	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,365	720	645	1.2	1.2	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	1,045	485	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,725	2,240	2,490	4.0	3.7	4.3
Chinese languages	4,245	1,990	2,255	3.6	3.3	3.9
Hakka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,560	1,215	1,345	2.2	2.0	2.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,495	695	805	1.3	1.1	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	460	240	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Burmese	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,850	5,930	5,915	10.0	9.8	10.2
English and French	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	11,335	5,710	5,620	9.6	9.4	9.7
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	300	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,275	60,470	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,330	41,010	38,320	67.1	67.8	66.3
English	16,675	8,475	8,200	14.1	14.0	14.2
French	515	270	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	15,810	7,675	8,130	13.4	12.7	14.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,790	7,675	8,115	13.4	12.7	14.0
English and French	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,615	1,855	1,755	3.1	3.1	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,925	985	940	1.6	1.6	1.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,245	60,440	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,775	56,395	52,380	92.0	93.3	90.6
English	108,705	56,365	52,345	91.9	93.3	90.6
French	4,000	1,920	2,080	3.4	3.2	3.6
Non-official languages	83,905	41,825	42,080	71.0	69.2	72.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	83,850	41,810	42,035	70.9	69.2	72.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,810	2,120	1,685	3.2	3.5	2.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	320	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,560	2,000	1,560	3.0	3.3	2.7
Amharic	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,875	1,660	1,215	2.4	2.7	2.1
Aramaic languages	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	425	235	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,055	1,375	1,685	2.6	2.3	2.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	295	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	2,800	1,255	1,545	2.4	2.1	2.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	9,530	4,215	5,315	8.1	7.0	9.2
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	465	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Fijian	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hiligaynon	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	955	395	555	0.8	0.7	1.0
Indonesian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	8,825	3,870	4,950	7.5	6.4	8.6
Waray-Waray	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	1,405	770	630	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kannada	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	470	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	625	345	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Telugu	330	205	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tulu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	56,990	29,215	27,775	48.2	48.3	48.0
Albanian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,075	990	1.7	1.8	1.7
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,055	1,070	985	1.7	1.8	1.7
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	700	385	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Russian	800	445	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	370	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	170	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	250	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	920	445	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	675	325	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	655	315	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	49,845	25,575	24,275	42.2	42.3	42.0
Indo-Aryan languages	48,700	24,970	23,735	41.2	41.3	41.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	510	255	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	770	400	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hindi	16,775	8,330	8,445	14.2	13.8	14.6
Kacchi	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nepali	295	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	39,885	20,470	19,415	33.7	33.9	33.6
Rohingya	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	315	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Urdu	2,325	1,300	1,025	2.0	2.2	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages	1,320	715	605	1.1	1.2	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	240	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	1,060	555	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	695	345	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	265	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,595	2,380	2,215	3.9	3.9	3.8
Catalan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	195	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	760	390	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,515	1,830	1,685	3.0	3.0	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	590	270	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	1,400	605	800	1.2	1.0	1.4
Mongolian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,085	555	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	200	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,270	3,465	3,800	6.1	5.7	6.6
Chinese languages	6,490	3,080	3,415	5.5	5.1	5.9
Hakka	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	4,660	2,130	2,535	3.9	3.5	4.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	310	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,780	1,335	1,445	2.4	2.2	2.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	810	400	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Burmese	510	270	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kuki-Chin languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages	245	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	270	170	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	195	140	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,245	60,445	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,275	1,675	1,600	2.8	2.8	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,175	1,620	1,555	2.7	2.7	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,970	1,045	925	1.7	1.7	1.6
Métis	1,170	560	605	1.0	0.9	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	114,970	58,765	56,200	97.2	97.2	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,245	60,445	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,360	670	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,880	59,770	57,115	98.8	98.9	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,715	...	...	54.2	...	...
Renter	18,380	...	...	45.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,535	...	...	31.3	...	...
Not condominium	27,560	...	...	68.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	810	...	...	2.0	...	...
1 bedroom	9,235	...	...	23.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,900	...	...	29.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,935	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,215	...	...	25.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,030	...	...	52.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,040	...	...	12.6	...	...
6 rooms	3,700	...	...	9.2	...	...
7 rooms	2,865	...	...	7.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,465	...	...	18.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,970	...	...	89.7	...	...
More than one person per room	4,125	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	32,825	...	...	81.9	...	...
Not suitable	7,270	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,130	...	...	10.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,190	...	...	25.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,415	...	...	13.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,635	...	...	14.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,195	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,800	...	...	9.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,405	...	...	8.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,325	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,785	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,305	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,065	...	...	45.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,660	...	...	39.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	6,360	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,235	...	...	5.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,615	...	...	19.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,415	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,485	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,000	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,730	...	...	11.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,940	...	...	4.8	...	...
85 years and over	665	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,390	...	...	71.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,560	...	...	28.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,355	...	...	25.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,840	...	...	47.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,645	...	...	24.1	...	...
Not suitable only	5,705	...	...	14.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,285	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,180	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	640	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,250	...	...	53.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,750	...	...	20.0	...	...
Not in core need	31,000	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,715	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.6	...	...	71.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.4	...	...	27.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,930	...	...	1,930	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	959,000	...	...	959,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.8	...	...	30.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.0	...	...	28.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,356	...	...	1,356	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,240	60,440	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,315	655	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,245	635	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	930	480	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis single ancestry	310	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,120	1,095	1,025	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,045	1,065	980	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,500	805	695	1.3	1.3	1.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	250	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,805	58,690	56,120	97.1	97.1	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,245	60,440	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,055	44,355	41,695	72.8	73.4	72.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,025	9,455	8,565	15.2	15.6	14.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,030	34,900	33,130	57.5	57.7	57.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	32,190	16,080	16,110	27.2	26.6	27.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,245	60,440	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	48,570	26,005	22,570	41.1	43.0	39.0
Immigrants⁸¹	57,420	27,970	29,450	48.6	46.3	51.0
Before 1980	4,560	2,415	2,145	3.9	4.0	3.7
1980 to 1990	5,940	2,820	3,120	5.0	4.7	5.4
1991 to 2000	12,140	5,850	6,290	10.3	9.7	10.9
2001 to 2010	15,410	7,440	7,970	13.0	12.3	13.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	19,365	9,445	9,925	16.4	15.6	17.2
2011 to 2015	7,930	3,810	4,115	6.7	6.3	7.1
2016 to 2021	11,440	5,630	5,800	9.7	9.3	10.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	12,255	6,470	5,785	10.4	10.7	10.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	57,420	27,970	29,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,510	1,810	1,700	6.1	6.5	5.8
5 to 14 years	7,700	4,060	3,635	13.4	14.5	12.3
15 to 24 years	14,015	6,440	7,575	24.4	23.0	25.7
25 to 44 years	24,055	11,990	12,065	41.9	42.9	41.0
45 years and over	8,140	3,665	4,475	14.2	13.1	15.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	57,420	27,970	29,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,895	1,430	1,465	5.0	5.1	5.0
Brazil	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	380	185	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
El Salvador	420	225	195	0.7	0.8	0.7
Guyana	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	265	100	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mexico	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	465	185	275	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	755	425	335	1.3	1.5	1.1
Europe	3,760	1,945	1,815	6.5	7.0	6.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	320	135	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Greece	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italy	165	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	575	290	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romania	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	210	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	185	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	865	470	390	1.5	1.7	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	520	300	220	0.9	1.1	0.7
Africa	2,415	1,270	1,145	4.2	4.5	3.9
Algeria	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egypt	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	355	185	170	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ethiopia	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	365	205	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
Somalia	130	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,100	575	530	1.9	2.1	1.8
Asia	45,370	21,890	23,475	79.0	78.3	79.7
Afghanistan	610	300	310	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	230	145	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	715	375	340	1.2	1.3	1.2
Lebanon	195	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	865	540	325	1.5	1.9	1.1
Turkey	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	3,325	1,535	1,785	5.8	5.5	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	545	295	250	0.9	1.1	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	1,060	470	590	1.8	1.7	2.0
Taiwan	560	230	335	1.0	0.8	1.1
Philippines	8,635	3,820	4,805	15.0	13.7	16.3
Viet Nam	1,900	830	1,070	3.3	3.0	3.6
Bangladesh	310	160	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
India	22,290	11,045	11,245	38.8	39.5	38.2
Pakistan	1,090	590	500	1.9	2.1	1.7
Sri Lanka	275	135	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	2,745	1,275	1,470	4.8	4.6	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	2,980	1,430	1,545	5.2	5.1	5.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	11,440	5,630	5,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	630	275	355	5.5	4.9	6.1
Brazil	130	55	70	1.1	1.0	1.2
Colombia	115	85	30	1.0	1.5	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	35	95	1.2	0.6	1.6
Mexico	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
United States of America	105	30	75	0.9	0.5	1.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	45	45	0.8	0.8	0.8
Europe	335	205	130	2.9	3.6	2.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	55	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Russian Federation	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	40	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	110	55	60	1.0	1.0	1.0
Africa	845	460	385	7.4	8.2	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eritrea	185	95	100	1.6	1.7	1.7
Ethiopia	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Morocco	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	240	130	105	2.1	2.3	1.8
Somalia	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	205	115	95	1.8	2.0	1.6
Asia	9,535	4,635	4,900	83.3	82.3	84.4
Afghanistan	195	110	90	1.7	2.0	1.6
Bangladesh	80	50	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
China⁹⁰	545	225	320	4.8	4.0	5.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
India	5,160	2,565	2,595	45.1	45.6	44.7
Iran⁸⁸	50	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	190	100	90	1.7	1.8	1.6
Israel	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japan	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jordan	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	195	60	135	1.7	1.1	2.3
Lebanon	60	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.6
Nepal	60	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	240	135	105	2.1	2.4	1.8
Philippines	1,320	545	780	11.5	9.7	13.4
Saudi Arabia	45	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	745	485	260	6.5	8.6	4.5
Turkey	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
United Arab Emirates	55	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	145	35	110	1.3	0.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	250	110	140	2.2	2.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	85	50	35	0.7	0.9	0.6
Australia	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,245	60,445	57,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	70,500	34,850	35,645	59.6	57.7	61.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,095	14,830	13,265	23.8	24.5	22.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,655	10,760	8,890	16.6	17.8	15.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	52,855	25,555	27,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	21,995	10,920	11,080	41.6	42.7	40.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,890	5,455	4,440	18.7	21.3	16.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	12,105	5,470	6,635	22.9	21.4	24.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	22,690	10,205	12,485	42.9	39.9	45.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,830	4,260	3,570	14.8	16.7	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	335	170	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	52,855	25,555	27,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,745	1,085	665	3.3	4.2	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,000	1,970	3,025	9.5	7.7	11.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	755	420	335	1.4	1.6	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,710	1,540	1,170	5.1	6.0	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	215	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	42,435	20,435	22,000	80.3	80.0	80.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,240	60,440	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	89,620	45,035	44,590	75.8	74.5	77.1
South Asian	51,135	26,395	24,740	43.2	43.7	42.8
Chinese	6,605	3,130	3,470	5.6	5.2	6.0
Black	3,840	1,940	1,900	3.2	3.2	3.3
Filipino	10,955	4,990	5,965	9.3	8.3	10.3
Arab	2,295	1,320	975	1.9	2.2	1.7
Latin American	2,745	1,375	1,365	2.3	2.3	2.4
Southeast Asian	5,020	2,350	2,675	4.2	3.9	4.6
West Asian	1,425	745	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Korean	1,400	615	780	1.2	1.0	1.3
Japanese	515	205	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,375	755	625	1.2	1.2	1.1
Multiple visible minorities	2,310	1,210	1,105	2.0	2.0	1.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,620	15,405	13,215	24.2	25.5	22.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,245	60,440	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,715	3,720	2,995	5.7	6.2	5.2
English	7,310	3,765	3,550	6.2	6.2	6.1
Irish	5,245	2,710	2,540	4.4	4.5	4.4
Scottish	5,780	2,990	2,800	4.9	4.9	4.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,800	1,425	1,370	2.4	2.4	2.4
German	4,250	2,130	2,120	3.6	3.5	3.7
Chinese	7,080	3,375	3,710	6.0	5.6	6.4
Italian	1,250	685	560	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indian (India)	28,360	14,540	13,825	24.0	24.1	23.9
Ukrainian	1,860	1,005	860	1.6	1.7	1.5
Dutch	1,310	690	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Polish	1,545	875	675	1.3	1.4	1.2
Québécois	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,445	775	670	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	10,205	4,645	5,565	8.6	7.7	9.6
French Canadian	435	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	980	530	450	0.8	0.9	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,240	670	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
Métis	970	455	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	940	520	420	0.8	0.9	0.7
Russian	1,045	505	540	0.9	0.8	0.9
Norwegian	1,035	575	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Welsh	750	400	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Portuguese	815	410	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	595	300	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,240	565	670	1.0	0.9	1.2
Swedish	795	355	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hungarian	605	305	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Acadian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	1,395	765	630	1.2	1.3	1.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	730	410	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	250	145	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	11,430	5,840	5,590	9.7	9.7	9.7
Vietnamese	3,050	1,385	1,665	2.6	2.3	2.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	945	520	425	0.8	0.9	0.7
Greek	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,660	755	905	1.4	1.2	1.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	1,365	605	765	1.2	1.0	1.3
Romanian	300	140	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	560	270	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Danish	360	255	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	330	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	8,460	4,545	3,920	7.2	7.5	6.8
Austrian	350	190	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgian	135	95	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	2,385	1,180	1,205	2.0	2.0	2.1
Mexican	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swiss	180	90	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	420	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Croatian	300	140	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	685	285	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,965	1,015	945	1.7	1.7	1.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	695	390	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Egyptian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	465	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	475	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	660	375	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Guyanese	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	895	440	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	255	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	180	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	390	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	335	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwanese	540	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iraqi	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	450	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
African Caribbean	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	485	270	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	125	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chilean	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	320	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eritrean	375	200	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	400	170	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern Irish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	190	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	2,510	1,250	1,265	2.1	2.1	2.2
Jatt	1,025	530	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mauritian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	100	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	135	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	310	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Edo	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,240	60,440	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,575	1,200	1,375	2.2	2.0	2.4
Christian	33,015	15,815	17,205	27.9	26.2	29.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,340	4,675	4,665	7.9	7.7	8.1
Anabaptist	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	1,285	610	675	1.1	1.0	1.2
Baptist	1,305	560	740	1.1	0.9	1.3
Catholic	14,320	6,860	7,460	12.1	11.4	12.9
Christian Orthodox	880	480	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	210	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	455	180	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,415	625	790	1.2	1.0	1.4
Presbyterian	350	140	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	690	265	425	0.6	0.4	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,060	975	1,085	1.7	1.6	1.9
Hindu	8,985	4,610	4,375	7.6	7.6	7.6
Jewish	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	8,470	4,525	3,950	7.2	7.5	6.8
Sikh	35,875	18,275	17,605	30.3	30.2	30.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610	270	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	28,550	15,660	12,885	24.1	25.9	22.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,065	59,890	57,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,090	50,195	47,900	83.8	83.8	83.8
Movers	18,975	9,695	9,270	16.2	16.2	16.2
Non-migrants	11,865	6,005	5,855	10.1	10.0	10.2
Migrants	7,110	3,690	3,420	6.1	6.2	6.0
Internal migrants	4,590	2,420	2,165	3.9	4.0	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,370	1,765	1,605	2.9	2.9	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	655	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
External migrants	2,520	1,270	1,255	2.2	2.1	2.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,365	57,440	54,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,735	29,275	28,455	51.4	51.0	51.8
Movers	54,630	28,165	26,470	48.6	49.0	48.2
Non-migrants	23,535	12,045	11,490	20.9	21.0	20.9
Migrants	31,100	16,115	14,980	27.7	28.1	27.3
Internal migrants	13,825	7,235	6,585	12.3	12.6	12.0
Intraprovincial migrants	10,930	5,660	5,270	9.7	9.9	9.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,895	1,580	1,315	2.6	2.8	2.4
External migrants	17,275	8,880	8,395	15.4	15.5	15.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,850	51,360	49,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,565	11,090	10,475	21.4	21.6	21.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,280	40,270	39,010	78.6	78.4	78.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,735	34,090	32,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,275	6,180	5,095	16.9	18.1	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,460	27,905	27,550	83.1	81.9	84.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,100	10,160	9,935	19.9	19.8	20.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,670	17,455	15,215	32.4	34.0	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,080	23,740	24,340	47.7	46.2	49.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,795	12,690	12,105	24.6	24.7	24.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,810	4,230	1,580	5.8	8.2	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,935	1,900	1,035	2.9	3.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,875	2,335	540	2.9	4.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,460	6,385	8,080	14.3	12.4	16.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,520	2,075	2,450	4.5	4.0	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,285	11,050	12,235	23.1	21.5	24.7
Bachelor's degree	15,625	7,370	8,250	15.5	14.3	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,670	755	915	1.7	1.5	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	530	235	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,060	2,405	2,650	5.0	4.7	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	410	285	125	0.4	0.6	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,735	34,090	32,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,290	5,570	4,720	15.4	16.3	14.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,250	10,495	8,755	28.8	30.8	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,195	18,020	19,170	55.7	52.9	58.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,350	8,710	8,640	26.0	25.6	26.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,110	2,990	1,120	6.2	8.8	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,110	1,350	760	3.2	4.0	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,000	1,640	355	3.0	4.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,275	4,410	5,865	15.4	12.9	18.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,970	1,315	1,650	4.5	3.9	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,840	9,310	10,535	29.7	27.3	32.3
Bachelor's degree	13,040	6,115	6,925	19.5	17.9	21.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,365	605	760	2.0	1.8	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	200	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	4,645	2,165	2,485	7.0	6.4	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	225	105	0.5	0.7	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	52,770	27,615	25,150	52.3	53.8	50.8
Education	2,070	465	1,605	2.1	0.9	3.2
13. Education	2,070	465	1,605	2.1	0.9	3.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,500	695	805	1.5	1.4	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	130	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,270	565	710	1.3	1.1	1.4
Humanities	4,240	1,830	2,405	4.2	3.6	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310	95	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	570	175	395	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,745	1,215	1,525	2.7	2.4	3.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	140	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,530	1,640	2,895	4.5	3.2	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	200	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	95	655	0.7	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	620	180	440	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	675	165	510	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,860	925	940	1.8	1.8	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,890	5,000	5,890	10.8	9.7	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	110	265	0.4	0.2	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,495	4,890	5,605	10.4	9.5	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,990	850	1,140	2.0	1.7	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	685	290	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	835	340	495	0.8	0.7	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,340	2,040	1,300	3.3	4.0	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,920	1,880	1,040	2.9	3.7	2.1
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	295	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,485	8,425	1,055	9.4	16.4	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	3,025	2,485	540	3.0	4.8	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,750	1,520	230	1.7	3.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,865	1,765	95	1.8	3.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,750	1,705	45	1.7	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	880	830	45	0.9	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	690	355	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	7,350	1,410	5,940	7.3	2.7	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,950	1,215	5,730	6.9	2.4	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,000	1,025	970	2.0	2.0	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,195	380	815	1.2	0.7	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	200	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	440	80	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,735	34,090	32,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,540	16,070	13,470	44.3	47.1	41.3
Education	1,550	315	1,240	2.3	0.9	3.8
13. Education	1,550	315	1,240	2.3	0.9	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,145	515	630	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	985	425	565	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,970	1,200	1,770	4.5	3.5	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	75	165	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	490	135	360	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,750	730	1,020	2.6	2.1	3.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	115	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	180	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,515	1,300	2,210	5.3	3.8	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	155	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	80	495	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	460	125	335	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	510	130	375	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,490	755	730	2.2	2.2	2.2
Business, management and public administration	8,440	3,805	4,635	12.6	11.2	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	320	100	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,105	3,705	4,400	12.1	10.9	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	590	750	2.0	1.7	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	200	290	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	505	215	290	0.8	0.6	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	150	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,800	1,710	1,090	4.2	5.0	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,445	1,570	875	3.7	4.6	2.7
25. Library science	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,270	6,345	925	10.9	18.6	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	175	85	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	2,580	2,075	505	3.9	6.1	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,275	1,105	170	1.9	3.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,360	1,270	90	2.0	3.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,260	1,230	35	1.9	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	625	580	45	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	290	285	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	455	220	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,055	1,170	4,885	9.1	3.4	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	120	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,745	1,020	4,725	8.6	3.0	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,535	790	745	2.3	2.3	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	935	300	635	1.4	0.9	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	120	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	370	50	0.6	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,735	34,090	32,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,540	16,070	13,470	44.3	47.1	41.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,195	18,020	19,170	55.7	52.9	58.7
Location of study inside Canada	20,275	10,040	10,240	30.4	29.5	31.4
Same as province or territory of residence	18,010	8,780	9,225	27.0	25.8	28.3
Different than province or territory of residence	2,275	1,260	1,020	3.4	3.7	3.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,915	7,980	8,935	25.3	23.4	27.4
Americas	1,295	700	595	1.9	2.1	1.8
United States of America	635	375	260	1.0	1.1	0.8
Mexico	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	170	80	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,085	625	465	1.6	1.8	1.4
Belgium	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	335	215	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	475	260	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	13,595	6,110	7,485	20.4	17.9	22.9
Iran⁸⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	970	455	510	1.5	1.3	1.6
Taiwan	135	35	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	335	135	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
Philippines	3,555	1,430	2,120	5.3	4.2	6.5
Viet Nam	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	7,040	3,305	3,730	10.5	9.7	11.4
Pakistan	355	185	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	435	210	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Oceania	465	290	175	0.7	0.9	0.5
Australia	225	145	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	195	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,850	51,360	49,490	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,935	36,780	31,155	...	...	...
Employed	61,475	33,520	27,955	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,460	3,260	3,200	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,910	14,580	18,335	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.6	63.0	67.4	71.6	63.0
Employment rate	61.0	65.3	56.5	61.0	65.3	56.5
Unemployment rate	9.5	8.9	10.3	9.5	8.9	10.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,845	51,360	49,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,210	16,540	19,675	35.9	32.2	39.8
Worked	64,635	34,825	29,815	64.1	67.8	60.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,320	18,475	12,845	31.1	36.0	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,320	16,350	16,970	33.0	31.8	34.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	41.1	38.7	40.0	41.1	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,935	36,775	31,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,860	870	990	2.7	2.4	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,080	35,910	30,175	97.3	97.6	96.9
Employee	58,180	30,160	28,020	85.6	82.0	89.9
Permanent position	47,915	25,410	22,510	70.5	69.1	72.3
Temporary position	10,270	4,760	5,515	15.1	12.9	17.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,555	1,685	1,870	5.2	4.6	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,710	3,075	3,645	9.9	8.4	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,895	5,740	2,155	11.6	15.6	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,935	36,775	31,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,860	870	990	2.7	2.4	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,080	35,910	30,175	97.3	97.6	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200	125	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,715	3,195	6,520	14.3	8.7	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,905	3,120	780	5.7	8.5	2.5
3 Health occupations	4,585	795	3,795	6.7	2.2	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,660	1,365	3,295	6.9	3.7	10.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,205	635	565	1.8	1.7	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	19,440	8,075	11,365	28.6	22.0	36.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	17,505	15,705	1,805	25.8	42.7	5.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,035	655	380	1.5	1.8	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,825	2,230	1,595	5.6	6.1	5.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,935	36,775	31,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,860	870	990	2.7	2.4	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	66,080	35,910	30,175	97.3	97.6	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	755	325	430	1.1	0.9	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	260	175	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
23 Construction	7,395	6,585	810	10.9	17.9	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	5,435	3,620	1,815	8.0	9.8	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,285	1,455	825	3.4	4.0	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	8,150	3,735	4,410	12.0	10.2	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,470	5,860	1,600	11.0	15.9	5.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,190	740	450	1.8	2.0	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,960	770	1,190	2.9	2.1	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	840	550	290	1.2	1.5	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,025	2,270	1,760	5.9	6.2	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,870	2,855	2,015	7.2	7.8	6.5
61 Educational services	2,875	925	1,950	4.2	2.5	6.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,405	1,240	6,160	10.9	3.4	19.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	810	440	375	1.2	1.2	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	5,245	1,720	3,525	7.7	4.7	11.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,970	1,520	1,450	4.4	4.1	4.7
91 Public administration	1,970	1,005	965	2.9	2.7	3.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,060	38,785	33,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,055	31,985	28,070	83.3	82.5	84.3
French	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-official language	3,035	1,770	1,265	4.2	4.6	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,035	1,770	1,265	4.2	4.6	3.8
English and French	245	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	8,560	4,830	3,725	11.9	12.5	11.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,060	38,785	33,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,110	37,645	32,465	97.3	97.1	97.6
Official languages	64,885	34,545	30,340	90.0	89.1	91.2
English	64,810	34,510	30,295	89.9	89.0	91.0
French	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	5,230	3,100	2,130	7.3	8.0	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,230	3,100	2,130	7.3	8.0	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,970	2,535	1,435	5.5	6.5	4.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,790	2,435	1,355	5.3	6.3	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages	3,760	2,415	1,345	5.2	6.2	4.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,630	2,340	1,295	5.0	6.0	3.9
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	885	420	465	1.2	1.1	1.4
Chinese languages	865	405	460	1.2	1.0	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	580	255	330	0.8	0.7	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,950	1,135	815	2.7	2.9	2.4
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,915	1,125	790	2.7	2.9	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,060	38,785	33,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,830	34,795	30,030	90.0	89.7	90.2
English	1,960	1,205	760	2.7	3.1	2.3
French	195	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	4,125	2,155	1,970	5.7	5.6	5.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,125	2,155	1,970	5.7	5.6	5.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	180	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	765	410	350	1.1	1.1	1.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,475	33,520	27,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,785	3,810	3,975	12.7	11.4	14.2
Worked outside Canada	190	145	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	14,560	11,070	3,495	23.7	33.0	12.5
Usual place of work	38,945	18,495	20,450	63.4	55.2	73.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,945	18,500	20,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,685	6,745	8,940	40.3	36.5	43.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,555	11,315	11,240	57.9	61.2	55.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	620	385	235	1.6	2.1	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,505	29,565	23,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,950	23,725	15,225	72.8	80.2	63.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,345	21,730	12,615	64.2	73.5	52.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,600	1,990	2,610	8.6	6.7	10.9
Public transit	12,285	4,845	7,445	23.0	16.4	31.1
Walked	1,365	480	885	2.6	1.6	3.7
Bicycle	140	115	20	0.3	0.4	0.1
Other method	770	405	365	1.4	1.4	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,505	29,565	23,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,905	3,585	4,315	14.8	12.1	18.0
15 to 29 minutes	15,190	8,430	6,750	28.4	28.5	28.2
30 to 44 minutes	15,985	9,755	6,235	29.9	33.0	26.0
45 to 59 minutes	6,650	3,750	2,905	12.4	12.7	12.1
60 minutes and over	7,775	4,050	3,730	14.5	13.7	15.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,505	29,565	23,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,770	3,310	1,460	8.9	11.2	6.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,370	5,670	3,705	17.5	19.2	15.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,660	5,745	4,920	19.9	19.4	20.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,015	4,795	4,220	16.8	16.2	17.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,090	3,800	4,290	15.1	12.9	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,600	6,250	5,350	21.7	21.1	22.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,480	11,155	10,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,200	620	585	5.6	5.6	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,275	10,540	9,735	94.4	94.5	94.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,440	8,100	7,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	985	505	480	6.4	6.2	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	665	335	330	4.3	4.1	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	175	150	2.1	2.2	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,455	7,595	6,865	93.6	93.8	93.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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