Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Skeena--Bulkley ValleyMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,690	45,900	43,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,140	8,285	7,850	18.0	18.1	17.9
0 to 4 years	4,985	2,635	2,355	5.6	5.7	5.4
5 to 9 years	5,380	2,690	2,690	6.0	5.9	6.1
10 to 14 years	5,765	2,960	2,805	6.4	6.4	6.4
15 to 64 years	57,570	29,555	28,015	64.2	64.4	64.0
15 to 19 years	5,155	2,675	2,485	5.7	5.8	5.7
20 to 24 years	4,675	2,495	2,180	5.2	5.4	5.0
25 to 29 years	5,605	2,945	2,665	6.2	6.4	6.1
30 to 34 years	5,985	3,015	2,975	6.7	6.6	6.8
35 to 39 years	5,745	2,905	2,840	6.4	6.3	6.5
40 to 44 years	5,365	2,755	2,610	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,475	2,745	2,725	6.1	6.0	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,060	3,000	3,065	6.8	6.5	7.0
55 to 59 years	6,700	3,540	3,155	7.5	7.7	7.2
60 to 64 years	6,805	3,490	3,320	7.6	7.6	7.6
65 years and over	15,980	8,065	7,920	17.8	17.6	18.1
65 to 69 years	5,760	3,050	2,710	6.4	6.6	6.2
70 to 74 years	4,370	2,230	2,140	4.9	4.9	4.9
75 to 79 years	2,805	1,395	1,410	3.1	3.0	3.2
80 to 84 years	1,760	830	930	2.0	1.8	2.1
85 years and over	1,290	555	730	1.4	1.2	1.7
85 to 89 years	830	380	450	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	360	150	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.1	17.9	18.0	18.1	17.9
15 to 64 years	64.2	64.4	64.0	64.2	64.4	64.0
65 years and over	17.8	17.6	18.1	17.8	17.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	41.1	40.8	41.3	41.1	40.8	41.3
Median age of the population	41.2	41.2	41.6	41.2	41.2	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,695	...	...	72.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,555	...	...	4.2	...	...
Row house	1,730	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,310	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,000	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,330	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,960	...	...	29.8	...	...
2 persons	13,120	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 persons	5,210	...	...	14.1	...	...
4 persons	4,275	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,260	...	...	8.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	88,565	45,360	43,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,555	37,620	35,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,630	20,870	20,755	56.6	55.5	57.8
Married	30,210	15,200	15,005	41.1	40.4	41.8
Living common-law	11,425	5,670	5,755	15.5	15.1	16.0
Living common law - Never married	8,870	4,435	4,430	12.1	11.8	12.3
Living common law - Separated	550	260	290	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,735	875	865	2.4	2.3	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	270	100	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	31,920	16,745	15,175	43.4	44.5	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,430	12,605	8,825	29.1	33.5	24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,250	1,080	1,165	3.1	2.9	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,225	2,050	2,175	5.7	5.4	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,020	1,005	3,015	5.5	2.7	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,890	...	...	55.2	...	...
3 persons	5,075	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	3,970	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,245	...	...	8.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,340	...	...	80.8	...	...
Married couples	14,625	...	...	58.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,815	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	7,820	...	...	31.1	...	...
Common-law couples	5,710	...	...	22.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,540	...	...	10.1	...	...
Without children	3,170	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,845	...	...	19.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,435	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,415	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	88,565	45,360	43,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	71,325	35,795	35,535	80.5	78.9	82.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,680	20,280	20,405	45.9	44.7	47.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,845	1,415	3,430	5.5	3.1	7.9
Children⁶	25,800	14,100	11,700	29.1	31.1	27.1
In a two-parent family	18,100	9,715	8,380	20.4	21.4	19.4
In a one-parent family	7,700	4,385	3,320	8.7	9.7	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,240	9,575	7,665	19.5	21.1	17.7
Living alone	10,960	6,000	4,960	12.4	13.2	11.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,905	1,525	1,385	3.3	3.4	3.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,370	2,050	1,325	3.8	4.5	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,495	...	...	58.4	...	...
Couple-family households	18,090	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,220	...	...	22.3	...	...
Without children	9,875	...	...	26.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,400	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,145	...	...	3.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	220	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,425	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,580	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	10,960	...	...	29.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,455	37,085	35,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,325	36,095	34,230	97.1	97.3	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,800	35,600	41,200	48,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,365	36,110	34,255	97.1	97.4	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,290	31,565	28,725	83.2	85.1	81.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	47,200	28,800	36,400	47,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,995	27,240	23,750	70.4	73.5	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,800	30,800	39,200	50,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,105	28,315	29,790	80.2	76.4	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,800	11,400	10,700	9,800	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,165	4,885	4,285	12.6	13.2	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,000	5,680	5,920	6,000	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,835	8,825	9,010	24.6	23.8	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,430	37,045	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,260	36,005	34,255	97.0	97.2	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,900	60,500	42,880	51,900	60,500	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,310	36,030	34,280	97.1	97.3	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720	50,960	38,160	44,720	50,960	38,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,390	31,540	28,850	83.4	85.1	81.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	58,950	38,240	49,080	58,950	38,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,995	27,225	23,770	70.4	73.5	67.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	59,750	39,120	50,120	59,750	39,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,860	28,085	29,775	79.9	75.8	84.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,840	11,360	12,290	11,840	11,360	12,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,770	4,710	4,060	12.1	12.7	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	7,090	6,720	6,920	7,090	6,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,770	8,880	8,885	24.5	24.0	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,510	8,400	8,630	8,510	8,400	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,430	37,045	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,115	12,645	9,470	30.5	34.1	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	78,000	54,400	67,000	78,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,200	83,900	61,250	74,200	83,900	61,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,090	10,530	10,560	29.1	28.4	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	29,400	19,800	23,800	29,400	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,400	44,080	26,720	35,400	44,080	26,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	85.4	75.0	81.2	85.4	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	74.6	63.3	70.0	74.6	63.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.8	14.6	24.9	18.8	14.6	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.9	5.3	4.2	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.2	4.2	3.4	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,455	37,085	35,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,130	990	1,140	2.9	2.7	3.2
With total income	70,325	36,095	34,230	97.1	97.3	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,230	3,255	3,975	10.3	9.0	11.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,155	3,470	4,680	11.6	9.6	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,365	4,680	5,690	14.7	13.0	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	8,630	3,850	4,780	12.3	10.7	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,310	3,185	4,125	10.4	8.8	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,970	2,765	3,200	8.5	7.7	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,760	2,550	2,210	6.8	7.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,760	2,240	1,520	5.3	6.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095	1,955	1,140	4.4	5.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	1,735	845	3.7	4.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,470	6,400	2,070	12.0	17.7	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	6,215	4,580	1,640	8.8	12.7	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,255	1,820	435	3.2	5.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,455	37,085	35,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,090	975	1,115	2.9	2.6	3.2
With after-tax income	70,365	36,110	34,255	97.1	97.4	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,410	3,315	4,105	10.5	9.2	12.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,380	3,580	4,800	11.9	9.9	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	11,575	5,240	6,330	16.5	14.5	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	9,675	4,310	5,365	13.8	11.9	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,270	3,735	4,535	11.8	10.3	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,540	3,375	3,165	9.3	9.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,110	3,055	2,060	7.3	8.4	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890	2,540	1,350	5.5	7.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,040	2,085	950	4.3	5.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,115	1,555	565	3.0	4.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,360	3,320	1,035	6.2	9.2	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,715	2,025	690	3.9	5.6	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,640	1,295	345	2.3	3.6	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,455	37,085	35,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,465	9,850	11,620	29.6	26.6	32.8
With employment income	50,995	27,240	23,750	70.4	73.4	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,040	3,470	3,570	13.8	12.7	15.0
$5,000 to $9,999	3,620	1,545	2,070	7.1	5.7	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,720	2,505	3,215	11.2	9.2	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,900	2,140	2,765	9.6	7.9	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,575	2,020	2,555	9.0	7.4	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,050	1,770	2,280	7.9	6.5	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,690	1,795	1,900	7.2	6.6	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,295	1,850	1,445	6.5	6.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,770	1,755	1,010	5.4	6.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,425	1,625	800	4.8	6.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,390	685	4.1	5.1	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,830	5,385	1,445	13.4	19.8	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,445	2,585	855	6.7	9.5	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,385	2,795	590	6.6	10.3	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,455	37,085	35,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,430	35,060	33,370	94.4	94.5	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,200	32,000	38,400	47,200	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,620	35,095	33,530	94.7	94.6	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	29,800	35,200	42,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,160	31,425	28,735	83.0	84.7	81.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,400	29,000	36,400	46,400	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,570	27,910	24,660	72.6	75.3	69.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	48,000	29,600	36,800	48,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,270	22,355	25,910	66.6	60.3	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,900	8,200	8,100	7,900	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,590	4,645	3,945	11.9	12.5	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,120	5,680	5,880	6,120	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,430	37,045	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,295	34,950	33,350	94.3	94.3	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,520	58,400	40,200	49,520	58,400	40,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,490	34,990	33,500	94.6	94.5	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,040	48,640	35,120	42,040	48,640	35,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,020	31,220	28,795	82.9	84.3	81.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,560	58,500	37,800	48,560	58,500	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,390	27,765	24,620	72.3	74.9	69.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	58,150	37,080	48,240	58,150	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,995	22,225	25,770	66.3	60.0	72.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,730	9,640	9,800	9,730	9,640	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,260	4,470	3,790	11.4	12.1	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,370	7,410	7,320	7,370	7,410	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,430	37,045	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,975	12,570	9,405	30.3	33.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	74,000	49,600	61,600	74,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	79,600	56,250	69,600	79,600	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,020	9,995	10,030	27.6	27.0	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	34,800	22,800	27,600	34,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,680	48,120	29,240	38,680	48,120	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.6	81.2	86.2	89.6	81.2
Employment income (%)	74.8	79.0	68.0	74.8	79.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.5	18.8	13.8	10.5	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...	99,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	55,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...	47,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	780	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,595	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,205	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,315	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,380	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,400	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,705	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,585	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,295	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,225	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,965	...	...	40.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,310	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,410	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,190	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	525	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	805	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,650	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,370	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,340	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,495	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,575	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,615	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,110	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,975	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,705	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,495	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,295	...	...	33.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,720	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,225	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,350	...	...	11.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,330	8,050	6,280	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,000	38,400	40,800	44,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,600	35,600	37,600	39,600	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,700	...	...	123,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	...	...	70,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,345	8,015	6,325	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,250	56,050	47,400	52,250	56,050	47,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,760	47,440	41,360	44,760	47,440	41,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	88,565	45,360	43,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,300	9,930	9,365	21.8	21.9	21.7
0 to 5 years	6,010	3,150	2,860	6.8	6.9	6.6
18 to 64 years	53,860	27,560	26,300	60.8	60.8	60.9
65 years and over	15,405	7,875	7,535	17.4	17.4	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,125	5,590	5,535	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,885	1,470	1,410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	930	475	460	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,785	2,935	2,850	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,460	1,180	1,280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6	12.3	12.8	12.6	12.3	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	14.8	15.1	14.9	14.8	15.1
0 to 5 years (%)	15.5	15.0	16.1	15.5	15.0	16.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.8
65 years and over (%)	16.0	15.0	17.0	16.0	15.0	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	73,980	37,750	36,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,550	7,985	7,570	21.0	21.2	20.9
0 to 5 years	4,980	2,610	2,370	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	45,125	23,000	22,130	61.0	60.9	61.1
65 years and over	13,300	6,770	6,530	18.0	17.9	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,855	960	900	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	340	155	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	40	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,315	715	600	...	...	...
65 years and over	200	80	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	88,565	45,365	43,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,460	22,215	22,245	50.2	49.0	51.5
In bottom decile	9,975	5,040	4,930	11.3	11.1	11.4
In second decile	9,020	4,410	4,615	10.2	9.7	10.7
In third decile	8,570	4,265	4,305	9.7	9.4	10.0
In fourth decile	8,420	4,175	4,245	9.5	9.2	9.8
In fifth decile	8,475	4,325	4,145	9.6	9.5	9.6
In top half of the distribution	44,110	23,150	20,960	49.8	51.0	48.5
In sixth decile	8,100	4,135	3,960	9.1	9.1	9.2
In seventh decile	8,700	4,530	4,170	9.8	10.0	9.7
In eighth decile	9,120	4,765	4,350	10.3	10.5	10.1
In ninth decile	9,415	4,965	4,450	10.6	10.9	10.3
In top decile	8,780	4,755	4,025	9.9	10.5	9.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	88,560	...	...	88,560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	89,150	45,670	43,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	84,480	43,465	41,010	94.8	95.2	94.3
French only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,300	2,055	2,240	4.8	4.5	5.2
Neither English nor French	330	130	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	89,150	45,670	43,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	87,625	44,890	42,735	98.3	98.3	98.3
French	1,085	600	490	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	315	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	89,150	45,670	43,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,480	44,300	42,180	97.0	97.0	97.0
Official languages	78,170	40,185	37,985	87.7	88.0	87.4
English	77,020	39,560	37,455	86.4	86.6	86.2
French	1,155	630	525	1.3	1.4	1.2
Non-official languages	8,305	4,115	4,195	9.3	9.0	9.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,625	825	800	1.8	1.8	1.8
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	520	275	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	520	275	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	330	175	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tlingit	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	875	445	435	1.0	1.0	1.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	485	255	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nisga'a	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tsimshian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wakashan languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haisla	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heiltsuk	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,685	3,285	3,395	7.5	7.2	7.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	385	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	550	210	340	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	445	170	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,780	2,400	2,380	5.4	5.3	5.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	405	195	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	395	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,900	960	945	2.1	2.1	2.2
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,180	600	575	1.3	1.3	1.3
German	1,055	530	525	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	125	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	590	285	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	390	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,085	605	480	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,065	595	465	1.2	1.3	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	830	450	380	0.9	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,355	625	730	1.5	1.4	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	840	395	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
Romanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	90	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	110	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	245	110	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,670	1,375	1,295	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and French	395	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,080	1,090	995	2.3	2.4	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	89,150	45,670	43,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	80,010	41,135	38,875	89.7	90.1	89.4
French	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	1,405	690	715	1.6	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	1,235	605	625	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	720	360	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,475	3,230	3,245	7.3	7.1	7.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	89,150	45,670	43,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,920	45,030	42,895	98.6	98.6	98.7
Official languages	84,965	43,550	41,420	95.3	95.4	95.3
English	84,600	43,360	41,235	94.9	94.9	94.8
French	370	190	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	2,950	1,480	1,475	3.3	3.2	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	420	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nisga'a	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsimshian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,530	1,275	1,260	2.8	2.8	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	235	110	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,560	785	770	1.7	1.7	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	335	175	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	750	415	340	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	745	410	340	0.8	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	625	335	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	155	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	250	95	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,225	645	585	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	545	500	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	89,150	45,670	43,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,790	42,550	40,245	92.9	93.2	92.6
English	1,415	730	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
French	515	250	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	3,860	1,875	1,985	4.3	4.1	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	1,630	820	810	1.8	1.8	1.9
Non-Indigenous	2,230	1,055	1,180	2.5	2.3	2.7
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	88,570	45,335	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	88,250	45,200	43,050	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	88,195	45,170	43,025	99.6	99.6	99.5
French	4,395	2,155	2,240	5.0	4.8	5.2
Non-official languages	13,945	6,980	6,960	15.7	15.4	16.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,480	2,255	2,225	5.1	5.0	5.1
Algonquian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,310	675	640	1.5	1.5	1.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,310	670	640	1.5	1.5	1.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	890	450	440	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	215	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kaska (Nahani)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	210	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	2,330	1,180	1,150	2.6	2.6	2.7
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,025	505	520	1.2	1.1	1.2
Nisga'a	980	530	450	1.1	1.2	1.0
Tsimshian	370	175	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
Wakashan languages	560	275	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haisla	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Heiltsuk	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,525	4,755	4,770	10.8	10.5	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	265	170	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	510	245	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	505	240	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	810	305	510	0.9	0.7	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	745	260	480	0.8	0.6	1.1
Waray-Waray	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,970	3,615	3,350	7.9	8.0	7.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	610	350	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Baltic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	600	340	255	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,570	1,240	1,330	2.9	2.7	3.1
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,615	795	815	1.8	1.8	1.9
German	1,495	760	740	1.7	1.7	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	850	415	435	1.0	0.9	1.0
Afrikaans	255	160	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Dutch	455	195	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,540	925	620	1.7	2.0	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,530	920	610	1.7	2.0	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	695	460	235	0.8	1.0	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,195	695	500	1.3	1.5	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,440	1,175	1,265	2.8	2.6	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	200	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	1,080	525	555	1.2	1.2	1.3
Romanian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,005	480	525	1.1	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	140	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	130	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	305	130	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	88,570	45,330	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	29,905	15,100	14,800	33.8	33.3	34.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	29,240	14,820	14,420	33.0	32.7	33.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	26,570	13,480	13,090	30.0	29.7	30.3
Métis	2,595	1,305	1,290	2.9	2.9	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	460	200	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-Indigenous identity	58,665	30,230	28,435	66.2	66.7	65.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	88,570	45,330	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	23,975	12,140	11,835	27.1	26.8	27.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	64,595	33,195	31,400	72.9	73.2	72.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,465	...	...	69.2	...	...
Renter	8,685	...	...	23.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,670	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,510	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	35,315	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	3,490	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,485	...	...	23.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,360	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,240	...	...	30.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,865	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,580	...	...	17.9	...	...
6 rooms	5,745	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,990	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,645	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,095	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	730	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,025	...	...	95.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,970	...	...	16.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,395	...	...	39.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,155	...	...	16.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,640	...	...	15.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	955	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,155	...	...	3.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,100	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,455	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,285	...	...	85.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,540	...	...	15.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,240	...	...	52.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,605	...	...	42.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,980	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,035	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,160	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,830	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,565	...	...	17.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,085	...	...	22.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,325	...	...	17.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,985	...	...	8.1	...	...
85 years and over	840	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,335	...	...	87.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,005	...	...	12.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,600	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,200	...	...	27.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,345	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,225	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,510	...	...	12.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	545	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	465	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,620	...	...	72.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,850	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	28,080	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,230	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,098	...	...	1,098	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	373,200	...	...	373,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	23.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,033	...	...	1,033	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,670	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	465	...	...	465	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	88,570	45,335	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	21,310	10,915	10,390	24.1	24.1	24.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	21,215	10,870	10,340	24.0	24.0	23.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20,560	10,535	10,020	23.2	23.2	23.2
Métis single ancestry	590	310	280	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,710	4,275	4,435	9.8	9.4	10.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,470	4,160	4,305	9.6	9.2	10.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,030	3,440	3,595	7.9	7.6	8.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,390	695	700	1.6	1.5	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	240	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,550	30,140	28,410	66.1	66.5	65.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	88,570	45,330	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,230	43,690	41,540	96.2	96.4	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,075	9,785	9,290	21.5	21.6	21.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	66,155	33,905	32,250	74.7	74.8	74.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,340	1,640	1,700	3.8	3.6	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	88,570	45,330	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	79,005	40,565	38,440	89.2	89.5	88.9
Immigrants⁸¹	8,500	4,110	4,390	9.6	9.1	10.2
Before 1980	3,875	1,950	1,920	4.4	4.3	4.4
1980 to 1990	1,040	525	515	1.2	1.2	1.2
1991 to 2000	890	410	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	930	435	495	1.1	1.0	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,765	790	975	2.0	1.7	2.3
2011 to 2015	725	370	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,040	425	620	1.2	0.9	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,065	655	410	1.2	1.4	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,500	4,110	4,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	945	470	470	11.1	11.4	10.7
5 to 14 years	1,680	885	800	19.8	21.5	18.2
15 to 24 years	1,990	1,030	965	23.4	25.1	22.0
25 to 44 years	3,330	1,475	1,855	39.2	35.9	42.3
45 years and over	555	260	300	6.5	6.3	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,500	4,110	4,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,625	695	930	19.1	16.9	21.2
Brazil	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Colombia	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	60	15	45	0.7	0.4	1.0
Peru	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
United States of America	1,310	560	750	15.4	13.6	17.1
Other places of birth in Americas	100	55	45	1.2	1.3	1.0
Europe	3,920	1,985	1,935	46.1	48.3	44.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
France	85	50	30	1.0	1.2	0.7
Germany	650	345	305	7.6	8.4	6.9
Greece	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Hungary	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italy	190	90	105	2.2	2.2	2.4
Netherlands	395	180	215	4.6	4.4	4.9
Poland	95	55	35	1.1	1.3	0.8
Portugal	640	320	320	7.5	7.8	7.3
Romania	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	70	20	45	0.8	0.5	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975	500	475	11.5	12.2	10.8
Other places of birth in Europe	630	330	290	7.4	8.0	6.6
Africa	460	275	190	5.4	6.7	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Somalia	40	40	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	220	115	105	2.6	2.8	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	110	60	50	1.3	1.5	1.1
Asia	2,285	1,060	1,225	26.9	25.8	27.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	35	0.8	0.7	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	45	70	1.4	1.1	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	80	40	40	0.9	1.0	0.9
Taiwan	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Philippines	655	235	420	7.7	5.7	9.6
Viet Nam	365	180	185	4.3	4.4	4.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	635	345	285	7.5	8.4	6.5
Pakistan	90	55	30	1.1	1.3	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	45	90	1.6	1.1	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	215	95	120	2.5	2.3	2.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,040	420	620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	150	35	115	14.4	8.3	18.5
Brazil	25	0	10	2.4	0.0	1.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	15	70	8.7	3.6	11.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	20	2.9	2.4	3.2
Europe	170	85	85	16.3	20.2	13.7
France	15	15	0	1.4	3.6	0.0
Germany	30	15	15	2.9	3.6	2.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.6
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	15	4.3	7.1	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	60	25	40	5.8	6.0	6.5
Africa	75	40	35	7.2	9.5	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	15	1.9	3.6	2.4
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	0	1.9	3.6	0.0
Asia	620	260	360	59.6	61.9	58.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	90	75	15.4	21.4	12.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	10	3.4	3.6	1.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	70	40	30	6.7	9.5	4.8
Philippines	175	45	130	16.8	10.7	21.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35	6.7	8.3	5.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	45	20	30	4.3	4.8	4.8
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	1.9	0.0	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	30	0	25	2.9	0.0	4.0
Australia	30	0	25	2.9	0.0	4.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	88,570	45,330	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,200	5,080	5,120	11.5	11.2	11.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,540	6,320	6,220	14.2	13.9	14.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	65,830	33,930	31,900	74.3	74.9	73.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,625	2,160	2,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,180	1,150	1,030	47.1	53.2	41.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,050	650	400	22.7	30.1	16.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,135	500	635	24.5	23.1	25.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,920	680	1,240	41.5	31.5	50.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	520	335	185	11.2	15.5	7.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,625	2,160	2,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	40	20	1.3	1.9	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,080	520	560	23.4	24.1	22.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	80	80	3.5	3.7	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	245	135	110	5.3	6.3	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	20	35	1.2	0.9	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,025	1,365	1,660	65.4	63.2	67.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	88,570	45,335	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,635	2,850	2,775	6.4	6.3	6.4
South Asian	1,935	1,145	795	2.2	2.5	1.8
Chinese	475	205	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Black	500	265	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	965	400	570	1.1	0.9	1.3
Arab	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	225	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	700	340	360	0.8	0.7	0.8
West Asian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	145	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	82,940	42,475	40,460	93.6	93.7	93.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	88,570	45,330	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,245	4,875	4,370	10.4	10.8	10.1
English	17,530	8,685	8,845	19.8	19.2	20.5
Irish	11,750	5,775	5,975	13.3	12.7	13.8
Scottish	14,415	7,170	7,245	16.3	15.8	16.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,555	3,170	3,385	7.4	7.0	7.8
German	11,435	5,830	5,600	12.9	12.9	13.0
Chinese	695	295	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
Italian	2,260	1,120	1,140	2.6	2.5	2.6
Indian (India)	1,255	710	545	1.4	1.6	1.3
Ukrainian	3,470	1,755	1,715	3.9	3.9	4.0
Dutch	5,825	2,945	2,875	6.6	6.5	6.6
Polish	2,250	1,115	1,130	2.5	2.5	2.6
Québécois	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,555	1,285	1,265	2.9	2.8	2.9
Filipino	955	385	570	1.1	0.8	1.3
French Canadian	770	435	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,675	850	825	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,070	3,985	4,085	9.1	8.8	9.4
Métis	2,305	1,155	1,150	2.6	2.5	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,075	1,095	980	2.3	2.4	2.3
Russian	1,710	875	835	1.9	1.9	1.9
Norwegian	3,950	1,995	1,960	4.5	4.4	4.5
Welsh	1,740	870	875	2.0	1.9	2.0
Portuguese	2,200	1,135	1,065	2.5	2.5	2.5
American	1,555	770	785	1.8	1.7	1.8
Spanish	585	270	315	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	2,375	1,200	1,175	2.7	2.6	2.7
Hungarian	690	350	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	235	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	245	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	315	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	220	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	540	255	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	105	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	860	425	435	1.0	0.9	1.0
Korean	135	65	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	335	150	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lebanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,090	480	600	1.2	1.1	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,600	825	780	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sikh	315	180	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	735	335	400	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgian	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	150	110	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	495	240	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swiss	870	415	450	1.0	0.9	1.0
Finnish	580	290	290	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	465	225	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	680	360	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Muslim	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	515	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	95	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	210	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	210	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	320	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	70	65	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	185	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	88,570	45,335	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	400	195	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	33,735	16,125	17,610	38.1	35.6	40.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,540	3,680	3,865	8.5	8.1	8.9
Anabaptist	535	245	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Anglican	3,875	1,850	2,030	4.4	4.1	4.7
Baptist	825	390	430	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	10,265	4,990	5,280	11.6	11.0	12.2
Christian Orthodox	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	475	225	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	370	155	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	805	435	370	0.9	1.0	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	675	330	345	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,180	540	640	1.3	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	270	110	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	1,445	685	765	1.6	1.5	1.8
United Church	3,445	1,485	1,965	3.9	3.3	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,850	915	940	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hindu	430	265	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	155	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	345	215	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Sikh	990	565	420	1.1	1.2	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,235	625	610	1.4	1.4	1.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,130	500	630	1.3	1.1	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	50,160	26,785	23,370	56.6	59.1	54.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	87,620	44,775	42,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,810	39,760	38,050	88.8	88.8	88.8
Movers	9,805	5,015	4,790	11.2	11.2	11.2
Non-migrants	5,490	2,785	2,705	6.3	6.2	6.3
Migrants	4,315	2,230	2,090	4.9	5.0	4.9
Internal migrants	3,885	2,040	1,845	4.4	4.6	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,775	1,395	1,375	3.2	3.1	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,115	640	475	1.3	1.4	1.1
External migrants	435	190	245	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	83,525	42,605	40,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,425	26,400	25,020	61.6	62.0	61.1
Movers	32,105	16,205	15,900	38.4	38.0	38.9
Non-migrants	11,845	6,090	5,750	14.2	14.3	14.1
Migrants	20,260	10,110	10,150	24.3	23.7	24.8
Internal migrants	18,615	9,255	9,365	22.3	21.7	22.9
Intraprovincial migrants	14,715	7,230	7,490	17.6	17.0	18.3
Interprovincial migrants	3,900	2,025	1,875	4.7	4.8	4.6
External migrants	1,640	855	790	2.0	2.0	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,430	37,040	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,055	10,895	8,160	26.3	29.4	23.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,375	26,145	27,225	73.7	70.6	76.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,300	24,145	23,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,185	5,520	3,665	19.4	22.9	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,120	18,630	19,490	80.6	77.2	84.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,435	37,045	35,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,580	9,165	7,415	22.9	24.7	21.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,610	11,435	12,180	32.6	30.9	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,240	16,450	15,790	44.5	44.4	44.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,065	12,175	9,890	30.5	32.9	27.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,420	6,845	1,575	11.6	18.5	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,315	2,320	1,000	4.6	6.3	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,105	4,530	580	7.0	12.2	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,695	4,595	7,105	16.1	12.4	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,950	735	1,215	2.7	2.0	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,175	4,275	5,900	14.0	11.5	16.7
Bachelor's degree	6,720	2,785	3,940	9.3	7.5	11.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	290	495	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	195	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,110	885	1,230	2.9	2.4	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,305	24,145	23,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,665	4,465	3,200	16.2	18.5	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,340	7,565	7,775	32.4	31.3	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,295	12,120	12,170	51.4	50.2	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,125	8,800	7,325	34.1	36.4	31.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,950	4,870	1,080	12.6	20.2	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,380	1,710	670	5.0	7.1	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,570	3,165	410	7.5	13.1	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,785	3,415	5,370	18.6	14.1	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,390	510	875	2.9	2.1	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,175	3,325	4,850	17.3	13.8	21.0
Bachelor's degree	5,425	2,220	3,205	11.5	9.2	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	600	210	390	1.3	0.9	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	135	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	1,730	690	1,040	3.7	2.9	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	65	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,435	37,045	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,190	20,600	19,595	55.5	55.6	55.4
Education	2,895	730	2,170	4.0	2.0	6.1
13. Education	2,895	730	2,170	4.0	2.0	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	735	325	410	1.0	0.9	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	635	245	395	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	1,310	640	670	1.8	1.7	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	165	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	255	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	155	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,515	680	1,840	3.5	1.8	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	35	755	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	240	75	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	370	110	260	0.5	0.3	0.7
45. Social sciences	820	370	455	1.1	1.0	1.3
Business, management and public administration	5,310	1,525	3,785	7.3	4.1	10.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	150	635	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,520	1,375	3,150	6.2	3.7	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,075	565	510	1.5	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	560	275	290	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	190	130	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	450	270	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	195	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
25. Library science	85	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,745	8,165	575	12.1	22.0	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	600	505	95	0.8	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,400	1,245	160	1.9	3.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,675	2,570	110	3.7	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,645	2,565	80	3.7	6.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,325	1,235	95	1.8	3.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,890	1,230	660	2.6	3.3	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345	155	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,540	1,075	465	2.1	2.9	1.3
Health and related fields	4,645	745	3,900	6.4	2.0	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,290	580	3,705	5.9	1.6	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,665	1,580	1,085	3.7	4.3	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,385	490	900	1.9	1.3	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	205	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	985	885	100	1.4	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,300	24,150	23,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,005	12,025	10,980	48.6	49.8	47.4
Education	2,090	465	1,630	4.4	1.9	7.0
13. Education	2,090	465	1,630	4.4	1.9	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	595	255	340	1.3	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	530	205	325	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	915	430	480	1.9	1.8	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	10	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	120	30	90	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	150	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	105	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,070	515	1,555	4.4	2.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	645	25	620	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	220	60	160	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	285	65	215	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	685	290	395	1.4	1.2	1.7
Business, management and public administration	4,210	1,200	3,010	8.9	5.0	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	125	525	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,565	1,075	2,490	7.5	4.5	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	790	380	410	1.7	1.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	195	250	0.9	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380	240	145	0.8	1.0	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	175	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
25. Library science	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,240	5,795	445	13.2	24.0	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	490	410	85	1.0	1.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	985	875	110	2.1	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,995	1,895	95	4.2	7.8	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,770	1,715	50	3.7	7.1	0.2
48. Precision production	935	865	70	2.0	3.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,560	1,005	555	3.3	4.2	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	115	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,315	890	420	2.8	3.7	1.8
Health and related fields	3,325	560	2,765	7.0	2.3	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,055	440	2,615	6.5	1.8	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,115	1,275	840	4.5	5.3	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095	405	690	2.3	1.7	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	160	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	790	705	85	1.7	2.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,300	24,150	23,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,005	12,025	10,980	48.6	49.8	47.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,295	12,125	12,175	51.4	50.2	52.6
Location of study inside Canada	21,885	10,975	10,915	46.3	45.4	47.1
Same as province or territory of residence	17,345	8,695	8,655	36.7	36.0	37.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,535	2,280	2,255	9.6	9.4	9.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,410	1,145	1,260	5.1	4.7	5.4
Americas	650	315	335	1.4	1.3	1.4
United States of America	560	300	260	1.2	1.2	1.1
Mexico	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	700	355	350	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	170	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	175	100	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	130	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	750	325	425	1.6	1.3	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	295	105	190	0.6	0.4	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	155	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	135	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australia	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,430	37,045	35,385	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,330	24,435	20,895	...	...	...
Employed	40,805	21,710	19,100	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,520	2,720	1,800	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,105	12,610	14,490	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.6	66.0	59.1	62.6	66.0	59.1
Employment rate	56.3	58.6	54.0	56.3	58.6	54.0
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.1	8.6	10.0	11.1	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,435	37,045	35,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,845	12,520	14,325	37.1	33.8	40.5
Worked	45,590	24,520	21,065	62.9	66.2	59.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,925	13,130	9,795	31.6	35.4	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,660	11,395	11,270	31.3	30.8	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.9	40.1	40.5	40.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,330	24,435	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	570	475	2.3	2.3	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,280	23,860	20,420	97.7	97.6	97.7
Employee	38,310	20,385	17,925	84.5	83.4	85.8
Permanent position	30,945	16,630	14,315	68.3	68.1	68.5
Temporary position	7,360	3,755	3,610	16.2	15.4	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,040	905	1,135	4.5	3.7	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,320	2,850	2,475	11.7	11.7	11.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,970	3,475	2,495	13.2	14.2	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,330	24,435	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	570	475	2.3	2.3	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,280	23,860	20,420	97.7	97.6	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	225	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,645	1,225	4,425	12.5	5.0	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,280	1,645	635	5.0	6.7	3.0
3 Health occupations	2,940	505	2,440	6.5	2.1	11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,280	1,935	4,355	13.9	7.9	20.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,020	330	685	2.3	1.4	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	9,720	3,845	5,875	21.4	15.7	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,165	10,205	965	24.6	41.8	4.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,510	1,980	530	5.5	8.1	2.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,300	1,980	320	5.1	8.1	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,330	24,435	20,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	570	475	2.3	2.3	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	44,280	23,860	20,420	97.7	97.6	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	2,250	670	6.4	9.2	3.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,210	925	285	2.7	3.8	1.4
22 Utilities	365	330	35	0.8	1.4	0.2
23 Construction	4,135	3,560	580	9.1	14.6	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,275	2,650	625	7.2	10.8	3.0
41 Wholesale trade	755	520	235	1.7	2.1	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	4,755	2,220	2,535	10.5	9.1	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,575	2,725	855	7.9	11.2	4.1
51 Information and cultural industries	425	205	220	0.9	0.8	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	775	185	590	1.7	0.8	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	470	230	245	1.0	0.9	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,885	975	910	4.2	4.0	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,575	910	665	3.5	3.7	3.2
61 Educational services	3,795	1,060	2,735	8.4	4.3	13.1
62 Health care and social assistance	5,430	870	4,555	12.0	3.6	21.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	850	350	500	1.9	1.4	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,345	1,025	1,325	5.2	4.2	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,820	925	900	4.0	3.8	4.3
91 Public administration	3,875	1,945	1,930	8.5	8.0	9.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	49,305	26,400	22,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	47,910	25,800	22,110	97.2	97.7	96.5
French	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	180	105	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	350	160	185	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	795	315	485	1.6	1.2	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	49,305	26,400	22,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,160	26,340	22,830	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	48,865	26,210	22,660	99.1	99.3	98.9
English	48,755	26,175	22,580	98.9	99.1	98.6
French	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	295	125	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	230	105	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	49,305	26,400	22,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,265	25,970	22,295	97.9	98.4	97.3
English	185	55	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
French	245	115	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	570	240	330	1.2	0.9	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	345	120	220	0.7	0.5	1.0
Non-Indigenous	230	120	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,810	21,715	19,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,405	1,895	2,510	10.8	8.7	13.1
Worked outside Canada	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,805	5,240	1,565	16.7	24.1	8.2
Usual place of work	29,575	14,560	15,010	72.5	67.1	78.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,575	14,565	15,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,830	9,110	9,725	63.7	62.5	64.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,920	4,455	4,470	30.2	30.6	29.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,690	920	765	5.7	6.3	5.1
Commute to a different province or territory	135	85	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,380	19,805	16,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,450	17,220	14,230	86.4	86.9	85.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,610	15,775	12,835	78.6	79.7	77.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,840	1,445	1,400	7.8	7.3	8.4
Public transit	690	465	225	1.9	2.3	1.4
Walked	3,015	1,370	1,645	8.3	6.9	9.9
Bicycle	525	330	190	1.4	1.7	1.1
Other method	700	420	285	1.9	2.1	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,380	19,805	16,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,095	11,265	11,830	63.5	56.9	71.4
15 to 29 minutes	8,245	4,935	3,310	22.7	24.9	20.0
30 to 44 minutes	1,945	1,255	685	5.3	6.3	4.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,045	685	360	2.9	3.5	2.2
60 minutes and over	2,055	1,660	390	5.6	8.4	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,380	19,805	16,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,265	1,790	480	6.2	9.0	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,145	3,745	1,400	14.1	18.9	8.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,600	4,875	3,720	23.6	24.6	22.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,730	4,240	6,495	29.5	21.4	39.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,220	1,630	2,590	11.6	8.2	15.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,410	3,525	1,890	14.9	17.8	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,680	10,120	9,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,070	550	525	5.4	5.4	5.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,610	9,575	9,035	94.6	94.6	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,325	7,285	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	795	400	400	5.5	5.5	5.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	335	170	165	2.3	2.3	2.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	465	225	235	3.2	3.1	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,525	6,885	6,640	94.4	94.5	94.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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