Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saint John--KennebecasisMore information: New Brunswick [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	81,920	39,650	42,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,645	6,415	6,230	15.4	16.2	14.7
0 to 4 years	3,665	1,875	1,795	4.5	4.7	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,250	2,110	2,135	5.2	5.3	5.1
10 to 14 years	4,730	2,430	2,295	5.8	6.1	5.4
15 to 64 years	53,035	26,060	26,980	64.7	65.7	63.8
15 to 19 years	4,620	2,360	2,260	5.6	6.0	5.3
20 to 24 years	4,990	2,625	2,365	6.1	6.6	5.6
25 to 29 years	5,210	2,625	2,585	6.4	6.6	6.1
30 to 34 years	5,010	2,465	2,535	6.1	6.2	6.0
35 to 39 years	5,000	2,450	2,550	6.1	6.2	6.0
40 to 44 years	5,160	2,445	2,715	6.3	6.2	6.4
45 to 49 years	5,450	2,610	2,840	6.7	6.6	6.7
50 to 54 years	5,430	2,605	2,820	6.6	6.6	6.7
55 to 59 years	6,230	3,090	3,145	7.6	7.8	7.4
60 to 64 years	5,940	2,780	3,160	7.3	7.0	7.5
65 years and over	16,235	7,175	9,060	19.8	18.1	21.4
65 to 69 years	5,190	2,420	2,775	6.3	6.1	6.6
70 to 74 years	4,445	2,045	2,395	5.4	5.2	5.7
75 to 79 years	2,930	1,330	1,595	3.6	3.4	3.8
80 to 84 years	1,870	780	1,090	2.3	2.0	2.6
85 years and over	1,805	600	1,205	2.2	1.5	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,090	410	680	1.3	1.0	1.6
90 to 94 years	525	150	375	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.2	14.7	15.4	16.2	14.7
15 to 64 years	64.7	65.7	63.8	64.7	65.7	63.8
65 years and over	19.8	18.1	21.4	19.8	18.1	21.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.9	2.2	1.5	2.9
Average age of the population	42.6	41.5	43.8	42.6	41.5	43.8
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.8	43.2	41.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,570	...	...	49.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	880	...	...	2.5	...	...
Row house	1,780	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,540	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,320	...	...	26.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,145	...	...	6.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,020	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,245	...	...	31.8	...	...
2 persons	12,690	...	...	35.9	...	...
3 persons	5,260	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	4,045	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,110	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	80,130	38,745	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	69,275	33,235	36,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	37,775	18,850	18,925	54.5	56.7	52.5
Married	30,530	15,225	15,305	44.1	45.8	42.5
Living common-law	7,245	3,630	3,620	10.5	10.9	10.0
Living common law - Never married	5,250	2,610	2,645	7.6	7.9	7.3
Living common law - Separated	420	220	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,415	720	695	2.0	2.2	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	31,500	14,385	17,115	45.5	43.3	47.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,240	10,705	9,530	29.2	32.2	26.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,390	995	1,395	3.5	3.0	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,565	1,755	2,815	6.6	5.3	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,305	935	3,370	6.2	2.8	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,685	...	...	55.4	...	...
3 persons	4,875	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	3,755	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,585	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,570	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	14,950	...	...	65.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,270	...	...	31.7	...	...
Without children	7,680	...	...	33.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,620	...	...	15.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,325	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	2,295	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,335	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,460	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	80,130	38,745	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,545	31,075	32,465	79.3	80.2	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,140	18,545	18,595	46.3	47.9	44.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,335	875	3,460	5.4	2.3	8.4
Children⁶	22,070	11,655	10,410	27.5	30.1	25.2
In a two-parent family	15,530	8,140	7,385	19.4	21.0	17.8
In a one-parent family	6,540	3,515	3,025	8.2	9.1	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,585	7,665	8,920	20.7	19.8	21.6
Living alone	11,245	4,825	6,420	14.0	12.5	15.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,780	765	1,015	2.2	2.0	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	3,555	2,075	1,485	4.4	5.4	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,625	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,165	...	...	48.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,985	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	9,175	...	...	26.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,460	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	725	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	965	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,685	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	11,245	...	...	31.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	67,510	32,345	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,805	30,985	33,815	96.0	95.8	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	36,000	39,200	43,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,825	30,995	33,830	96.0	95.8	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,800	35,200	38,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,700	27,750	28,950	84.0	85.8	82.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	29,600	34,000	40,000	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,680	23,035	22,650	67.7	71.2	64.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	32,400	35,600	40,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,685	22,220	28,465	75.1	68.7	80.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	11,400	11,500	11,500	11,400	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,800	4,400	4,400	13.0	13.6	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,960	5,480	5,600	5,960	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,575	7,965	8,615	24.6	24.6	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	67,535	32,365	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,810	30,990	33,820	96.0	95.8	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	59,300	44,480	51,550	59,300	44,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,830	31,005	33,830	96.0	95.8	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	47,400	37,760	42,360	47,400	37,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,670	27,780	28,885	83.9	85.8	82.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	56,750	39,840	48,160	56,750	39,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,690	23,040	22,650	67.7	71.2	64.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	55,950	40,720	48,400	55,950	40,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,660	22,180	28,480	75.0	68.5	81.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,120	11,770	12,400	12,120	11,770	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,590	4,210	4,385	12.7	13.0	12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	7,210	6,700	6,950	7,210	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,245	7,810	8,435	24.1	24.1	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,830	8,900	8,870	8,830	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	67,535	32,365	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,250	12,370	10,875	34.4	38.2	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,500	53,200	58,800	65,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,500	81,500	62,300	72,500	81,500	62,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,985	7,885	9,100	25.1	24.4	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	18,200	15,400	16,800	18,200	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,720	30,040	22,020	25,720	30,040	22,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	85.8	76.6	81.6	85.8	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	70.2	61.3	66.2	70.2	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	14.2	23.5	18.4	14.2	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.3	6.2	5.1	4.3	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.8	5.0	4.3	3.8	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	67,510	32,345	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,710	1,360	1,350	4.0	4.2	3.8
With total income	64,800	30,985	33,820	96.0	95.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,335	2,310	3,025	8.2	7.5	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,505	3,000	4,510	11.6	9.7	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,035	4,720	6,315	17.0	15.2	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	9,210	4,110	5,100	14.2	13.3	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,180	3,580	4,600	12.6	11.6	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,760	2,760	3,000	8.9	8.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,255	2,220	2,030	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,205	1,750	1,455	4.9	5.6	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,535	1,275	1,260	3.9	4.1	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	1,025	840	2.9	3.3	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,915	4,235	1,680	9.1	13.7	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	3,830	2,655	1,170	5.9	8.6	3.5
$150,000 and over	2,085	1,580	505	3.2	5.1	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	67,510	32,345	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,690	1,350	1,340	4.0	4.2	3.8
With after-tax income	64,825	30,995	33,830	96.0	95.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,375	3,245	8.7	7.7	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,855	3,165	4,690	12.1	10.2	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,090	5,770	7,315	20.2	18.6	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,105	4,950	6,150	17.1	16.0	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,605	3,930	4,675	13.3	12.7	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,990	3,130	2,860	9.2	10.1	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	2,125	1,985	6.3	6.9	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,700	1,465	1,240	4.2	4.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,810	1,185	625	2.8	3.8	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,040	725	315	1.6	2.3	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,910	2,180	730	4.5	7.0	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,445	1,070	375	2.2	3.5	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,465	1,110	355	2.3	3.6	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	67,510	32,345	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,830	9,310	12,520	32.3	28.8	35.6
With employment income	45,680	23,035	22,650	67.7	71.2	64.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,820	2,800	3,020	12.7	12.2	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	3,790	1,625	2,160	8.3	7.1	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	5,470	2,495	2,975	12.0	10.8	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,775	2,225	2,550	10.5	9.7	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,050	2,250	2,805	11.1	9.8	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,350	2,000	2,355	9.5	8.7	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,360	1,665	1,690	7.3	7.2	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,730	1,445	1,290	6.0	6.3	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,250	1,215	1,030	4.9	5.3	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,975	960	1,010	4.3	4.2	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,450	830	620	3.2	3.6	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,675	3,525	1,150	10.2	15.3	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,135	1,525	610	4.7	6.6	2.7
$125,000 and over	2,535	1,995	540	5.5	8.7	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	67,510	32,345	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,510	30,335	33,170	94.1	93.8	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	32,800	37,200	42,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,555	30,340	33,215	94.1	93.8	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	29,800	33,200	37,600	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,275	27,560	28,710	83.4	85.2	81.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,200	34,800	40,800	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,030	23,235	22,795	68.2	71.8	64.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	32,400	36,000	40,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,900	19,085	25,820	66.5	59.0	73.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,600	8,000	7,850	7,600	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,760	3,470	3,290	10.0	10.7	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,240	5,520	5,760	6,240	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	67,535	32,365	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,500	30,295	33,205	94.0	93.6	94.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,400	58,000	41,600	49,400	58,000	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,555	30,305	33,250	94.1	93.6	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,200	35,200	40,440	46,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,290	27,620	28,670	83.3	85.3	81.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	57,350	39,600	48,320	57,350	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,070	23,240	22,830	68.2	71.8	64.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	56,250	40,800	48,600	56,250	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,730	18,940	25,785	66.2	58.5	73.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,080	9,540	9,350	9,080	9,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,630	3,425	3,210	9.8	10.6	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,390	7,600	7,150	7,390	7,600	7,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	67,535	32,365	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,015	12,255	10,755	34.1	37.9	30.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	62,400	49,600	55,200	62,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	77,400	59,000	68,800	77,400	59,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,920	7,360	8,555	23.6	22.7	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	24,200	20,400	22,200	24,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,240	38,160	27,080	32,240	38,160	27,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.2	82.2	86.6	90.2	82.2
Employment income (%)	71.4	74.4	67.4	71.4	74.4	67.4
Government transfers (%)	13.3	9.8	17.8	13.3	9.8	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,800	...	...	45,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,600	...	...	38,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,200	...	...	117,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	505	...	...	1.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,965	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,525	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,590	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,630	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,500	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,040	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,650	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,380	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,840	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,715	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,500	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,470	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,975	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,770	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	520	...	...	1.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	580	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,125	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,865	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,830	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,925	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,705	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,540	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,960	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,595	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,265	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,840	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,905	...	...	25.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,470	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,130	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,300	...	...	9.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,805	6,900	7,905	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,600	33,600	34,400	35,600	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	32,000	31,000	31,400	32,000	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,900	...	...	124,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,950	...	...	58,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,820	6,875	7,950	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,040	44,960	41,360	43,040	44,960	41,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,600	37,440	35,880	36,600	37,440	35,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	80,130	38,745	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,405	7,800	7,600	19.2	20.1	18.4
0 to 5 years	4,510	2,295	2,210	5.6	5.9	5.3
18 to 64 years	49,525	24,140	25,385	61.8	62.3	61.3
65 years and over	15,200	6,800	8,400	19.0	17.6	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,740	5,205	6,530	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,860	1,435	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	965	480	485	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,120	2,825	3,295	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,760	945	1,810	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	13.4	15.8	14.7	13.4	15.8
0 to 17 years (%)	18.6	18.4	18.7	18.6	18.4	18.7
0 to 5 years (%)	21.4	21.0	21.9	21.4	21.0	21.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.7	13.0	12.4	11.7	13.0
65 years and over (%)	18.1	13.9	21.6	18.1	13.9	21.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	80,130	38,745	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,405	7,800	7,600	19.2	20.1	18.4
0 to 5 years	4,510	2,300	2,210	5.6	5.9	5.3
18 to 64 years	49,525	24,140	25,385	61.8	62.3	61.3
65 years and over	15,200	6,800	8,400	19.0	17.6	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,125	2,090	2,030	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	840	435	410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	265	130	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,040	1,570	1,465	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	90	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.4	4.9	5.2	5.4	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.5	5.8	6.1	6.5	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	80,130	38,740	41,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,085	21,170	23,910	56.3	54.6	57.8
In bottom decile	10,495	4,865	5,630	13.1	12.6	13.6
In second decile	9,960	4,570	5,395	12.4	11.8	13.0
In third decile	9,115	4,310	4,805	11.4	11.1	11.6
In fourth decile	7,945	3,760	4,185	9.9	9.7	10.1
In fifth decile	7,570	3,665	3,900	9.4	9.5	9.4
In top half of the distribution	35,045	17,575	17,475	43.7	45.4	42.2
In sixth decile	7,310	3,605	3,710	9.1	9.3	9.0
In seventh decile	7,375	3,680	3,695	9.2	9.5	8.9
In eighth decile	6,940	3,485	3,450	8.7	9.0	8.3
In ninth decile	6,835	3,425	3,405	8.5	8.8	8.2
In top decile	6,580	3,370	3,215	8.2	8.7	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	80,125	...	...	80,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.355	...	...	0.355	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.476	...	...	0.476	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	80,865	39,140	41,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	66,960	33,115	33,845	82.8	84.6	81.1
French only	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	13,330	5,765	7,570	16.5	14.7	18.1
Neither English nor French	435	200	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	80,865	39,140	41,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,255	37,440	39,815	95.5	95.7	95.4
French	2,845	1,335	1,515	3.5	3.4	3.6
English and French	360	190	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	405	180	230	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	80,865	39,140	41,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,235	38,340	40,890	98.0	98.0	98.0
Official languages	73,610	35,465	38,145	91.0	90.6	91.4
English	70,650	34,095	36,550	87.4	87.1	87.6
French	2,960	1,365	1,595	3.7	3.5	3.8
Non-official languages	5,625	2,880	2,745	7.0	7.4	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,615	2,875	2,735	6.9	7.3	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,170	635	540	1.4	1.6	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,085	590	490	1.3	1.5	1.2
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	980	530	450	1.2	1.4	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	60	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	185	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	150	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,215	1,185	1,030	2.7	3.0	2.5
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	175	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	205	90	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	990	550	435	1.2	1.4	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	775	440	330	1.0	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	140	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	595	310	290	0.7	0.8	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	300	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	900	440	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese languages	900	435	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	765	370	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,635	795	835	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	730	325	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	770	410	365	1.0	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	80,865	39,140	41,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	72,150	34,815	37,335	89.2	88.9	89.5
French	835	400	430	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,895	965	925	2.3	2.5	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,895	965	925	2.3	2.5	2.2
English and French	1,840	815	1,025	2.3	2.1	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,720	1,915	1,805	4.6	4.9	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	145	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	80,865	39,140	41,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,650	38,535	41,115	98.5	98.5	98.5
Official languages	76,040	36,665	39,370	94.0	93.7	94.3
English	74,905	36,120	38,780	92.6	92.3	92.9
French	1,135	540	595	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official languages	3,605	1,870	1,740	4.5	4.8	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,605	1,870	1,740	4.5	4.8	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	955	520	430	1.2	1.3	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	905	500	400	1.1	1.3	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	845	465	380	1.0	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,145	605	540	1.4	1.5	1.3
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	625	335	285	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	490	270	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	150	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	690	340	350	0.9	0.9	0.8
Chinese languages	685	340	345	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	620	305	315	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,220	605	615	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	325	140	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	825	430	400	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	80,865	39,140	41,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	75,890	36,685	39,205	93.8	93.7	93.9
English	1,575	810	765	1.9	2.1	1.8
French	1,305	575	730	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official language	1,460	730	735	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,450	725	725	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and French	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	215	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	80,150	38,760	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	79,710	38,560	41,145	99.5	99.5	99.4
English	79,620	38,505	41,115	99.3	99.3	99.3
French	13,380	5,855	7,525	16.7	15.1	18.2
Non-official languages	8,240	4,235	4,010	10.3	10.9	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,195	4,230	3,965	10.2	10.9	9.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,625	920	700	2.0	2.4	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,525	870	660	1.9	2.2	1.6
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,310	750	565	1.6	1.9	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	195	105	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	630	250	385	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	600	245	355	0.7	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	170	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	100	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,690	1,990	1,700	4.6	5.1	4.1
Albanian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	505	265	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	505	265	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	365	185	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	445	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	295	175	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	295	175	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,530	945	585	1.9	2.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,310	815	490	1.6	2.1	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	270	205	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
Hindi	775	480	295	1.0	1.2	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	235	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	360	210	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	140	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	120	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,175	530	645	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	190	105	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	845	350	495	1.1	0.9	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	330	140	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	420	205	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,180	555	620	1.5	1.4	1.5
Chinese languages	1,170	555	610	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,090	530	560	1.4	1.4	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,155	38,755	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,955	855	1,100	2.4	2.2	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,845	785	1,055	2.3	2.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,135	515	620	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis	585	235	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	78,200	37,900	40,295	97.6	97.8	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,155	38,755	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	440	245	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	79,715	38,520	41,195	99.5	99.4	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,630	...	...	61.2	...	...
Renter	13,720	...	...	38.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,765	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not condominium	33,590	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	4,560	...	...	12.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,590	...	...	27.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,440	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,545	...	...	24.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,040	...	...	28.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,595	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,045	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,010	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,665	...	...	30.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,985	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	370	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,225	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,130	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,925	...	...	25.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,860	...	...	33.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,355	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,245	...	...	9.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,765	...	...	5.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,310	...	...	6.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,645	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,245	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	32,595	...	...	92.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,760	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,275	...	...	54.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,985	...	...	42.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,095	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,310	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,980	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,635	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,250	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,185	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,885	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,205	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	900	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,400	...	...	83.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,815	...	...	16.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,400	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,855	...	...	25.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,120	...	...	14.5	...	...
Not suitable only	850	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,060	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,500	...	...	75.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,480	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	32,315	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,625	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,206	...	...	1,206	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	224,000	...	...	224,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	257,200	...	...	257,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,725	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	872	...	...	872	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	80,150	38,760	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	665	305	355	0.8	0.8	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	650	295	355	0.8	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	505	260	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Métis single ancestry	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,670	1,245	1,420	3.3	3.2	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,630	1,230	1,400	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,085	995	1,095	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	480	215	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	76,815	37,205	39,615	95.8	96.0	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	80,155	38,760	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	74,555	35,760	38,790	93.0	92.3	93.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,150	7,170	6,980	17.7	18.5	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	60,405	28,595	31,810	75.4	73.8	76.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,600	2,995	2,600	7.0	7.7	6.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	80,155	38,760	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	71,285	34,200	37,090	88.9	88.2	89.6
Immigrants⁸¹	7,135	3,530	3,605	8.9	9.1	8.7
Before 1980	1,340	650	690	1.7	1.7	1.7
1980 to 1990	400	185	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	385	185	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,020	495	525	1.3	1.3	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,995	2,015	1,980	5.0	5.2	4.8
2011 to 2015	1,075	505	565	1.3	1.3	1.4
2016 to 2021	2,920	1,505	1,415	3.6	3.9	3.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,725	1,030	700	2.2	2.7	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,135	3,530	3,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	815	425	385	11.4	12.0	10.7
5 to 14 years	1,455	690	765	20.4	19.5	21.2
15 to 24 years	1,045	505	540	14.6	14.3	15.0
25 to 44 years	3,135	1,515	1,620	43.9	42.9	44.9
45 years and over	695	400	300	9.7	11.3	8.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,135	3,530	3,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	860	410	445	12.1	11.6	12.3
Brazil	35	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Colombia	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
El Salvador	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Guyana	40	0	35	0.6	0.0	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexico	65	20	40	0.9	0.6	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
United States of America	400	205	195	5.6	5.8	5.4
Other places of birth in Americas	190	90	100	2.7	2.5	2.8
Europe	1,815	890	925	25.4	25.2	25.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Germany	105	50	55	1.5	1.4	1.5
Greece	50	25	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italy	50	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.7
Netherlands	60	35	30	0.8	1.0	0.8
Poland	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portugal	35	35	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Romania	60	30	35	0.8	0.8	1.0
Russian Federation	60	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	120	50	70	1.7	1.4	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	940	470	475	13.2	13.3	13.2
Other places of birth in Europe	220	95	130	3.1	2.7	3.6
Africa	780	400	380	10.9	11.3	10.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	25	10	0.4	0.7	0.3
Egypt	105	55	50	1.5	1.6	1.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	220	100	120	3.1	2.8	3.3
Somalia	50	25	30	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	85	35	50	1.2	1.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	245	125	115	3.4	3.5	3.2
Asia	3,640	1,805	1,830	51.0	51.1	50.7
Afghanistan	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	145	85	65	2.0	2.4	1.8
Iraq	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Lebanon	70	60	15	1.0	1.7	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	730	405	325	10.2	11.5	9.0
Turkey	35	25	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
China⁹⁰	680	330	350	9.5	9.3	9.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	225	90	140	3.2	2.5	3.9
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Philippines	505	195	315	7.1	5.5	8.7
Viet Nam	85	45	40	1.2	1.3	1.1
Bangladesh	45	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.6
India	410	220	190	5.7	6.2	5.3
Pakistan	195	85	105	2.7	2.4	2.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	440	205	230	6.2	5.8	6.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,915	1,505	1,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	110	90	6.9	7.3	6.4
Brazil	20	15	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Mexico	40	15	25	1.4	1.0	1.8
United States of America	60	40	20	2.1	2.7	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	30	1.5	1.3	2.1
Europe	180	75	105	6.2	5.0	7.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.9	1.0	0.7
Ukraine	65	30	35	2.2	2.0	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	65	30	35	2.2	2.0	2.5
Africa	500	265	235	17.2	17.6	16.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	1.0	1.3	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	75	45	35	2.6	3.0	2.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	180	80	100	6.2	5.3	7.1
Somalia	40	20	25	1.4	1.3	1.8
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	60	40	20	2.1	2.7	1.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	35	2.4	2.3	2.5
Asia	2,030	1,060	975	69.6	70.4	68.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	40	25	15	1.4	1.7	1.1
China⁹⁰	375	200	170	12.9	13.3	12.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
India	230	140	90	7.9	9.3	6.4
Iran⁸⁸	55	30	25	1.9	2.0	1.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	70	35	30	2.4	2.3	2.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	20	0	0.9	1.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.4
Lebanon	30	30	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Nepal	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Pakistan	45	15	30	1.5	1.0	2.1
Philippines	315	120	195	10.8	8.0	13.8
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	615	345	275	21.1	22.9	19.4
Turkey	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
United Arab Emirates	50	20	35	1.7	1.3	2.5
Viet Nam	35	20	15	1.2	1.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	25	1.5	1.3	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	80,150	38,755	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,570	4,895	4,675	11.9	12.6	11.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,705	2,690	3,020	7.1	6.9	7.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	64,875	31,170	33,700	80.9	80.4	81.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,800	2,880	2,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,745	1,865	1,880	64.6	64.8	64.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,440	985	455	24.8	34.2	15.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,305	880	1,425	39.7	30.6	48.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	800	320	485	13.8	11.1	16.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,235	685	550	21.3	23.8	18.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,800	2,880	2,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	50	30	1.3	1.7	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	680	345	335	11.7	12.0	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	325	145	180	5.6	5.0	6.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	420	255	170	7.2	8.9	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	25	20	0.9	0.9	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,245	2,065	2,185	73.2	71.7	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	80,150	38,760	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,555	4,310	4,240	10.7	11.1	10.2
South Asian	1,775	1,060	720	2.2	2.7	1.7
Chinese	1,355	620	735	1.7	1.6	1.8
Black	1,950	945	1,005	2.4	2.4	2.4
Filipino	740	320	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab	1,075	570	500	1.3	1.5	1.2
Latin American	370	160	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	275	140	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Asian	265	160	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	325	145	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	280	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	71,595	34,445	37,155	89.3	88.9	89.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	80,155	38,760	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,360	7,595	7,770	19.2	19.6	18.8
English	19,825	9,290	10,535	24.7	24.0	25.4
Irish	23,960	11,095	12,865	29.9	28.6	31.1
Scottish	18,385	8,735	9,650	22.9	22.5	23.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,285	5,815	6,475	15.3	15.0	15.6
German	4,120	1,980	2,145	5.1	5.1	5.2
Chinese	1,430	665	765	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italian	1,050	500	550	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indian (India)	1,145	610	540	1.4	1.6	1.3
Ukrainian	635	300	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dutch	1,970	935	1,035	2.5	2.4	2.5
Polish	565	305	270	0.7	0.8	0.7
Québécois	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,235	1,030	1,205	2.8	2.7	2.9
Filipino	725	330	400	0.9	0.9	1.0
French Canadian	785	400	380	1.0	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,840	1,835	2,000	4.8	4.7	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,175	550	625	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis	625	275	355	0.8	0.7	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,300	605	700	1.6	1.6	1.7
Russian	430	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	450	200	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Welsh	1,555	755	800	1.9	1.9	1.9
Portuguese	240	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	805	365	445	1.0	0.9	1.1
Spanish	330	140	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	415	200	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hungarian	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	3,520	1,735	1,785	4.4	4.5	4.3
Pakistani	285	175	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	525	255	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	300	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	545	290	260	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greek	405	230	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jamaican	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	235	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	300	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	125	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	720	350	370	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iranian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	235	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	530	240	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	355	190	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	60	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	195	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgian	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	105	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexican	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	120	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	185	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	710	345	375	0.9	0.9	0.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	325	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	170	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	570	305	270	0.7	0.8	0.7
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	330	115	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	400	210	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	150	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	210	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	2,105	975	1,130	2.6	2.5	2.7
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	105	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	215	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	140	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	80,150	38,760	41,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	47,355	21,525	25,830	59.1	55.5	62.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,820	2,300	2,520	6.0	5.9	6.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	6,235	2,705	3,525	7.8	7.0	8.5
Baptist	4,245	1,825	2,420	5.3	4.7	5.8
Catholic	22,900	10,610	12,290	28.6	27.4	29.7
Christian Orthodox	370	180	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	195	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	750	335	415	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,390	605	780	1.7	1.6	1.9
Presbyterian	535	250	280	0.7	0.6	0.7
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,020	1,775	2,245	5.0	4.6	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,740	800	945	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hindu	675	440	235	0.8	1.1	0.6
Jewish	255	155	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	2,230	1,210	1,020	2.8	3.1	2.5
Sikh	220	145	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	450	160	295	0.6	0.4	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	28,815	15,065	13,755	36.0	38.9	33.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	79,425	38,380	41,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,650	32,990	35,660	86.4	86.0	86.9
Movers	10,780	5,395	5,390	13.6	14.1	13.1
Non-migrants	6,580	3,295	3,285	8.3	8.6	8.0
Migrants	4,195	2,095	2,105	5.3	5.5	5.1
Internal migrants	3,655	1,815	1,840	4.6	4.7	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,105	990	1,110	2.7	2.6	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,545	825	725	1.9	2.1	1.8
External migrants	545	280	265	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	76,465	36,930	39,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,465	21,385	23,085	58.2	57.9	58.4
Movers	32,000	15,545	16,455	41.8	42.1	41.6
Non-migrants	14,885	7,025	7,865	19.5	19.0	19.9
Migrants	17,110	8,520	8,590	22.4	23.1	21.7
Internal migrants	13,480	6,550	6,930	17.6	17.7	17.5
Intraprovincial migrants	9,090	4,250	4,840	11.9	11.5	12.2
Interprovincial migrants	4,390	2,300	2,090	5.7	6.2	5.3
External migrants	3,635	1,970	1,660	4.8	5.3	4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,535	32,360	35,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,585	5,445	5,140	15.7	16.8	14.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,950	26,920	30,035	84.3	83.2	85.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,730	20,430	22,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,600	1,995	1,605	8.4	9.8	7.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	39,130	18,435	20,695	91.6	90.2	92.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,530	32,360	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,555	4,750	4,810	14.1	14.7	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,015	9,880	11,135	31.1	30.5	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,970	17,740	19,230	54.7	54.8	54.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,445	10,165	10,275	30.3	31.4	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,285	3,215	1,070	6.3	9.9	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,970	1,160	810	2.9	3.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,315	2,055	260	3.4	6.4	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,970	6,415	8,550	22.2	19.8	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,185	530	655	1.8	1.6	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,530	7,575	8,955	24.5	23.4	25.5
Bachelor's degree	11,230	4,940	6,290	16.6	15.3	17.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	935	395	535	1.4	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	600	370	230	0.9	1.1	0.7
Master's degree	3,425	1,680	1,740	5.1	5.2	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	340	185	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,730	20,430	22,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,195	1,730	1,465	7.5	8.5	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,855	5,830	6,025	27.7	28.5	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,680	12,870	14,810	64.8	63.0	66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,510	7,035	7,475	34.0	34.4	33.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,625	1,935	690	6.1	9.5	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,230	715	515	2.9	3.5	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,395	1,220	175	3.3	6.0	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,075	4,730	6,340	25.9	23.2	28.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	365	440	1.9	1.8	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,170	5,835	7,340	30.8	28.6	32.9
Bachelor's degree	8,865	3,755	5,110	20.7	18.4	22.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	705	275	435	1.6	1.3	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	285	195	1.1	1.4	0.9
Master's degree	2,865	1,385	1,475	6.7	6.8	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	135	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,530	32,365	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,565	14,620	15,945	45.3	45.2	45.3
Education	2,570	600	1,970	3.8	1.9	5.6
13. Education	2,570	600	1,970	3.8	1.9	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	690	335	355	1.0	1.0	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	85	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	580	245	340	0.9	0.8	1.0
Humanities	1,690	655	1,030	2.5	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	370	95	275	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	155	330	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	280	160	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	245	110	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,300	1,110	2,190	4.9	3.4	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	600	20	585	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	630	265	365	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	830	215	620	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	820	440	380	1.2	1.4	1.1
Business, management and public administration	8,875	3,385	5,490	13.1	10.5	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	705	190	510	1.0	0.6	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,150	3,195	4,955	12.1	9.9	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,320	620	705	2.0	1.9	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	260	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	110	220	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	225	155	75	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,845	1,140	705	2.7	3.5	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,630	1,055	580	2.4	3.3	1.6
25. Library science	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,855	7,180	670	11.6	22.2	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	1,660	1,390	265	2.5	4.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,210	2,005	205	3.3	6.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,815	1,740	70	2.7	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,180	1,135	35	1.7	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	925	870	50	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	260	210	0.7	0.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	125	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	130	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	6,300	1,250	5,055	9.3	3.9	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	155	200	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,685	940	4,750	8.4	2.9	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	145	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,055	1,205	850	3.0	3.7	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,065	305	755	1.6	0.9	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	425	60	0.7	1.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	455	30	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,730	20,430	22,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,045	7,560	7,495	35.2	37.0	33.6
Education	1,670	320	1,345	3.9	1.6	6.0
13. Education	1,670	320	1,345	3.9	1.6	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	560	260	300	1.3	1.3	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	50	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	495	210	290	1.2	1.0	1.3
Humanities	1,235	490	745	2.9	2.4	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	285	80	205	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	375	130	250	0.9	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,655	820	1,840	6.2	4.0	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	105	175	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	500	15	485	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	475	155	320	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	670	160	510	1.6	0.8	2.3
45. Social sciences	660	360	300	1.5	1.8	1.3
Business, management and public administration	6,975	2,570	4,400	16.3	12.6	19.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	135	440	1.3	0.7	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,380	2,435	3,940	14.9	11.9	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	415	535	2.2	2.0	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	400	170	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	60	135	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	180	120	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,585	980	605	3.7	4.8	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,435	910	520	3.4	4.5	2.3
25. Library science	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,500	4,915	590	12.9	24.1	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	1,315	1,080	235	3.1	5.3	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,630	1,450	180	3.8	7.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,160	1,090	70	2.7	5.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	800	780	20	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	535	490	45	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	195	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	90	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	105	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	4,725	1,020	3,705	11.1	5.0	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	135	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,225	755	3,465	9.9	3.7	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	110	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465	880	585	3.4	4.3	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	755	245	515	1.8	1.2	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	330	45	0.9	1.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	320	300	20	0.7	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,730	20,430	22,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,045	7,560	7,495	35.2	37.0	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,685	12,875	14,810	64.8	63.0	66.4
Location of study inside Canada	24,560	11,360	13,200	57.5	55.6	59.2
Same as province or territory of residence	18,445	8,260	10,185	43.2	40.4	45.7
Different than province or territory of residence	6,115	3,095	3,020	14.3	15.1	13.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,120	1,510	1,610	7.3	7.4	7.2
Americas	725	350	370	1.7	1.7	1.7
United States of America	435	215	225	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mexico	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	570	350	220	1.3	1.7	1.0
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	235	155	80	0.5	0.8	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	220	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	1,550	680	870	3.6	3.3	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	315	135	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	150	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	320	115	205	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	365	180	175	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	67,535	32,365	35,170	...	...	...
In the labour force	42,100	21,240	20,855	...	...	...
Employed	37,885	18,885	19,000	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,210	2,355	1,850	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,435	11,120	14,315	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.3	65.6	59.3	62.3	65.6	59.3
Employment rate	56.1	58.4	54.0	56.1	58.4	54.0
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.1	8.9	10.0	11.1	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	67,535	32,365	35,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,910	11,335	14,575	38.4	35.0	41.4
Worked	41,625	21,025	20,600	61.6	65.0	58.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,705	12,645	11,055	35.1	39.1	31.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,925	8,375	9,550	26.5	25.9	27.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.1	41.6	41.8	42.1	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,095	21,245	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,060	595	460	2.5	2.8	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	41,045	20,645	20,395	97.5	97.2	97.8
Employee	37,355	18,470	18,885	88.7	86.9	90.6
Permanent position	31,000	15,335	15,660	73.6	72.2	75.1
Temporary position	6,360	3,130	3,230	15.1	14.7	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,635	705	930	3.9	3.3	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,725	2,425	2,300	11.2	11.4	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,685	2,175	1,505	8.8	10.2	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,095	21,245	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,060	595	460	2.5	2.8	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	41,045	20,645	20,395	97.5	97.2	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	295	165	1.1	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,865	2,135	4,735	16.3	10.0	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,600	2,770	830	8.6	13.0	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,270	890	3,380	10.1	4.2	16.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,285	1,780	3,505	12.6	8.4	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	870	360	510	2.1	1.7	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	12,125	5,515	6,610	28.8	26.0	31.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,560	5,155	405	13.2	24.3	1.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	550	480	65	1.3	2.3	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,460	1,270	190	3.5	6.0	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,095	21,245	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,060	595	460	2.5	2.8	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	41,045	20,645	20,395	97.5	97.2	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	410	305	100	1.0	1.4	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	145	55	0.5	0.7	0.3
22 Utilities	740	630	110	1.8	3.0	0.5
23 Construction	2,495	2,170	325	5.9	10.2	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,875	2,175	700	6.8	10.2	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,225	780	445	2.9	3.7	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,630	2,630	3,000	13.4	12.4	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,685	1,265	420	4.0	6.0	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,020	625	395	2.4	2.9	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,550	605	945	3.7	2.8	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	360	225	1.4	1.7	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,790	1,630	1,160	6.6	7.7	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,515	1,365	1,155	6.0	6.4	5.5
61 Educational services	2,740	815	1,925	6.5	3.8	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,935	1,500	5,430	16.5	7.1	26.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	620	320	300	1.5	1.5	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,820	1,220	1,600	6.7	5.7	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,640	805	835	3.9	3.8	4.0
91 Public administration	2,445	1,245	1,205	5.8	5.9	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	44,945	22,615	22,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,190	21,540	20,650	93.9	95.2	92.5
French	255	75	175	0.6	0.3	0.8
Non-official language	70	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	2,120	785	1,335	4.7	3.5	6.0
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	44,945	22,615	22,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	44,635	22,515	22,120	99.3	99.6	99.1
Official languages	44,510	22,440	22,075	99.0	99.2	98.9
English	44,035	22,290	21,745	98.0	98.6	97.4
French	475	150	325	1.1	0.7	1.5
Non-official languages	120	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	305	100	205	0.7	0.4	0.9
English and French	240	55	185	0.5	0.2	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	44,945	22,615	22,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,800	21,750	21,050	95.2	96.2	94.3
English	275	100	175	0.6	0.4	0.8
French	1,665	655	1,005	3.7	2.9	4.5
Non-official language	155	80	80	0.3	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	80	80	0.3	0.4	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,890	18,885	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,295	3,415	3,880	19.3	18.1	20.4
Worked outside Canada	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,055	2,945	1,110	10.7	15.6	5.8
Usual place of work	26,495	12,505	13,990	69.9	66.2	73.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,490	12,500	13,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,580	7,515	9,065	62.6	60.1	64.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,640	725	915	6.2	5.8	6.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,110	4,160	3,955	30.6	33.3	28.3
Commute to a different province or territory	160	110	50	0.6	0.9	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,545	15,445	15,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,930	13,765	13,165	88.2	89.1	87.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,310	12,820	11,495	79.6	83.0	76.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,620	950	1,670	8.6	6.2	11.1
Public transit	1,070	470	605	3.5	3.0	4.0
Walked	1,875	895	990	6.1	5.8	6.6
Bicycle	50	35	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other method	620	285	335	2.0	1.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,545	15,445	15,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,980	6,055	6,925	42.5	39.2	45.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,820	6,970	6,845	45.2	45.1	45.3
30 to 44 minutes	2,310	1,315	995	7.6	8.5	6.6
45 to 59 minutes	780	575	210	2.6	3.7	1.4
60 minutes and over	660	535	130	2.2	3.5	0.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,545	15,445	15,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,370	1,030	335	4.5	6.7	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,365	2,565	1,800	14.3	16.6	11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,730	5,035	4,695	31.9	32.6	31.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,875	2,935	3,940	22.5	19.0	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,750	1,555	2,190	12.3	10.1	14.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,460	2,320	2,140	14.6	15.0	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,735	7,975	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,915	975	940	12.2	12.2	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,820	7,000	6,820	87.8	87.8	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,765	5,950	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,465	745	720	12.5	12.5	12.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	965	485	480	8.2	8.2	8.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	260	240	4.2	4.4	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,305	5,205	5,095	87.6	87.5	87.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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