Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saanich, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	117,735	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,148	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,064	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,048	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,136.6	...	...	1,136.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	103.59	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,735	57,450	60,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,200	7,865	7,335	12.9	13.7	12.2
0 to 4 years	4,100	2,095	2,005	3.5	3.6	3.3
5 to 9 years	5,445	2,805	2,635	4.6	4.9	4.4
10 to 14 years	5,655	2,965	2,685	4.8	5.2	4.5
15 to 64 years	75,375	37,195	38,175	64.0	64.7	63.3
15 to 19 years	6,480	3,295	3,180	5.5	5.7	5.3
20 to 24 years	9,020	4,710	4,305	7.7	8.2	7.1
25 to 29 years	7,550	4,015	3,535	6.4	7.0	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,915	3,455	3,455	5.9	6.0	5.7
35 to 39 years	7,305	3,620	3,685	6.2	6.3	6.1
40 to 44 years	7,145	3,415	3,730	6.1	5.9	6.2
45 to 49 years	7,060	3,340	3,725	6.0	5.8	6.2
50 to 54 years	7,590	3,650	3,940	6.4	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	8,175	3,950	4,225	6.9	6.9	7.0
60 to 64 years	8,140	3,740	4,390	6.9	6.5	7.3
65 years and over	27,165	12,385	14,775	23.1	21.6	24.5
65 to 69 years	7,875	3,710	4,165	6.7	6.5	6.9
70 to 74 years	6,945	3,210	3,740	5.9	5.6	6.2
75 to 79 years	4,965	2,315	2,650	4.2	4.0	4.4
80 to 84 years	3,340	1,485	1,855	2.8	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	4,040	1,665	2,370	3.4	2.9	3.9
85 to 89 years	2,260	965	1,290	1.9	1.7	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,300	505	795	1.1	0.9	1.3
95 to 99 years	430	185	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
100 years and over	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9	13.7	12.2	12.9	13.7	12.2
15 to 64 years	64.0	64.7	63.3	64.0	64.7	63.3
65 years and over	23.1	21.6	24.5	23.1	21.6	24.5
85 years and over	3.4	2.9	3.9	3.4	2.9	3.9
Average age of the population	44.3	43.1	45.5	44.3	43.1	45.5
Median age of the population	44.4	42.4	46.4	44.4	42.4	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,380	...	...	46.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,200	...	...	2.5	...	...
Row house	3,660	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,350	...	...	21.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,755	...	...	20.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	630	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,175	...	...	27.4	...	...
2 persons	17,710	...	...	36.9	...	...
3 persons	7,330	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	6,305	...	...	13.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,525	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,535	49,585	52,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,370	28,590	28,785	56.0	57.7	54.4
Married	47,535	23,695	23,840	46.4	47.8	45.0
Living common-law	9,840	4,895	4,940	9.6	9.9	9.3
Living common law - Never married	7,190	3,590	3,600	7.0	7.2	6.8
Living common law - Separated	290	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,135	1,060	1,075	2.1	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	45,160	20,990	24,165	44.0	42.3	45.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,170	16,385	13,785	29.4	33.0	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,230	900	1,325	2.2	1.8	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,025	2,435	4,585	6.9	4.9	8.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,745	1,270	4,475	5.6	2.6	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,560	...	...	56.8	...	...
3 persons	6,595	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	5,870	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,650	...	...	5.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,900	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	22,980	...	...	70.3	...	...
With children⁶	11,185	...	...	34.2	...	...
Without children	11,800	...	...	36.1	...	...
Common-law couples	4,920	...	...	15.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,370	...	...	4.2	...	...
Without children	3,545	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,770	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,690	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,085	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	89,030	44,070	44,960	77.1	78.2	76.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,800	27,840	27,960	48.3	49.4	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,775	1,085	3,690	4.1	1.9	6.2
Children⁶	28,460	15,145	13,310	24.6	26.9	22.5
In a two-parent family	21,740	11,525	10,215	18.8	20.4	17.3
In a one-parent family	6,720	3,620	3,100	5.8	6.4	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,480	12,295	14,180	22.9	21.8	24.0
Living alone	13,175	5,335	7,840	11.4	9.5	13.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,840	1,130	1,715	2.5	2.0	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	10,460	5,825	4,630	9.1	10.3	7.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,210	...	...	56.6	...	...
Couple-family households	23,545	...	...	49.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,550	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	12,995	...	...	27.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,665	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,355	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,265	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,500	...	...	7.3	...	...
One-person households	13,175	...	...	27.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,310	48,500	51,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,640	47,110	50,530	97.3	97.1	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,200	41,200	44,800	49,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,710	47,140	50,570	97.4	97.2	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,000	37,600	40,400	44,000	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,935	43,995	46,945	90.7	90.7	90.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	32,800	38,400	44,400	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,925	34,485	34,440	68.7	71.1	66.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,400	38,800	44,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,110	36,520	43,590	79.9	75.3	84.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,800	9,900	9,300	8,800	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,180	2,790	3,390	6.2	5.8	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,640	5,480	5,400	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,695	11,370	12,325	23.6	23.4	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,310	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,495	47,045	50,450	97.2	97.0	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,700	64,800	51,040	57,700	64,800	51,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,560	47,075	50,485	97.3	97.1	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	52,050	43,440	47,600	52,050	43,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,705	43,840	46,865	90.4	90.4	90.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	61,350	44,800	52,800	61,350	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,925	34,425	34,500	68.7	71.0	66.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,800	56,300	43,360	49,800	56,300	43,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,950	36,285	43,665	79.7	74.8	84.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,460	9,940	10,890	10,460	9,940	10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,045	2,765	3,280	6.0	5.7	6.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,660	6,120	7,110	6,660	6,120	7,110
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,700	11,255	12,450	23.6	23.2	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,550	8,410	8,680	8,550	8,410	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,315	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,310	17,255	14,055	31.2	35.6	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	72,000	62,000	67,500	72,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	83,500	70,600	77,700	83,500	70,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,630	12,870	15,765	28.5	26.5	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,200	17,200	18,600	20,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,040	32,080	26,520	29,040	32,080	26,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.2	88.2	81.6	85.2	88.2	81.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0	63.6	58.1	61.0	63.6	58.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.9	11.8	18.5	14.9	11.8	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.4	4.5	3.8	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.1	4.2	3.6	3.1	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,310	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,670	1,390	1,275	2.7	2.9	2.5
With total income	97,645	47,105	50,535	97.3	97.1	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,305	3,955	4,355	8.5	8.4	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,145	4,335	5,810	10.4	9.2	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,585	5,805	7,780	13.9	12.3	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,650	5,055	6,595	11.9	10.7	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,820	4,795	6,020	11.1	10.2	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,320	4,265	5,055	9.5	9.1	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,620	3,740	3,885	7.8	7.9	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,065	3,185	2,880	6.2	6.8	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,740	2,555	2,180	4.9	5.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,810	2,125	1,685	3.9	4.5	3.3
$100,000 and over	11,585	7,300	4,290	11.9	15.5	8.5
$100,000 to $149,999	7,705	4,675	3,035	7.9	9.9	6.0
$150,000 and over	3,885	2,625	1,260	4.0	5.6	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,310	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,605	1,355	1,245	2.6	2.8	2.4
With after-tax income	97,710	47,140	50,565	97.4	97.2	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,820	4,115	4,705	9.0	8.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,545	4,510	6,040	10.8	9.6	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,345	6,620	8,725	15.7	14.0	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	13,655	6,020	7,640	14.0	12.8	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,545	5,620	6,930	12.8	11.9	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,165	4,950	5,215	10.4	10.5	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,610	3,965	3,645	7.8	8.4	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,855	3,205	2,645	6.0	6.8	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,020	2,300	1,720	4.1	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,620	1,555	1,065	2.7	3.3	2.1
$100,000 and over	6,515	4,275	2,240	6.7	9.1	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,240	2,040	1,205	3.3	4.3	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,275	2,240	1,030	3.4	4.8	2.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,310	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,390	14,020	17,370	31.3	28.9	33.5
With employment income	68,925	34,480	34,445	68.7	71.1	66.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,675	4,555	5,120	14.0	13.2	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,580	2,495	3,090	8.1	7.2	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,925	3,610	4,315	11.5	10.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,180	2,855	3,320	9.0	8.3	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,690	2,700	2,995	8.3	7.8	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,895	2,715	3,180	8.6	7.9	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,695	2,655	3,040	8.3	7.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,700	2,340	2,360	6.8	6.8	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	2,120	1,820	5.7	6.1	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,390	1,880	1,515	4.9	5.5	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,735	1,580	1,160	4.0	4.6	3.4
$100,000 and over	7,520	4,980	2,535	10.9	14.4	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,610	2,215	1,395	5.2	6.4	4.0
$125,000 and over	3,910	2,765	1,145	5.7	8.0	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,310	48,500	51,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,985	45,660	49,330	94.7	94.1	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,400	38,400	42,800	48,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,125	45,705	49,420	94.8	94.2	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,800	38,000	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,730	43,360	46,365	89.5	89.4	89.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	33,600	38,800	45,200	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,945	35,820	36,125	71.7	73.9	69.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,400	36,400	41,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,545	27,740	36,805	64.3	57.2	71.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	4,640	6,700	6,160	4,640	6,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,455	1,915	2,545	4.4	3.9	4.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,520	6,000	5,160	4,520	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,310	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,040	45,705	49,330	94.7	94.2	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,300	63,150	48,080	55,300	63,150	48,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,210	45,765	49,440	94.9	94.4	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,750	40,760	46,040	51,750	40,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,620	43,390	46,240	89.3	89.5	89.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,650	61,350	44,520	52,650	61,350	44,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,955	35,960	35,990	71.7	74.1	69.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	54,600	40,800	47,680	54,600	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,685	27,430	37,255	64.5	56.6	71.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,330	8,180	8,440	8,330	8,180	8,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,390	1,945	2,440	4.4	4.0	4.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	6,125	8,380	7,380	6,125	8,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,315	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,110	17,155	13,955	31.0	35.4	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	68,000	57,600	62,800	68,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,700	79,400	64,600	72,700	79,400	64,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,310	12,360	14,950	27.2	25.5	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	24,000	21,200	22,200	24,000	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	38,320	30,280	33,920	38,320	30,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	92.2	86.8	89.8	92.2	86.8
Employment income (%)	65.2	68.0	61.9	65.2	68.0	61.9
Government transfers (%)	10.2	7.8	13.2	10.2	7.8	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,900	...	...	59,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400	...	...	45,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	810	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,405	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,295	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,425	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,620	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,675	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,225	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,205	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,090	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,920	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,740	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,215	...	...	46.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,775	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,600	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,915	...	...	12.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,920	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	675	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,475	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,435	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,490	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,780	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,865	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,965	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,820	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,515	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,990	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,640	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,080	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,410	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,140	...	...	16.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,630	11,165	12,470	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	37,200	38,400	38,000	37,200	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,400	35,600	35,200	34,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,500	...	...	123,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	173,000	...	...	173,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,540	11,030	12,505	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,480	51,350	45,960	48,480	51,350	45,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880	37,400	40,160	38,880	37,400	40,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,510	56,365	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,890	9,780	9,110	16.4	17.4	15.4
0 to 5 years	5,155	2,635	2,515	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	71,035	34,795	36,240	61.5	61.7	61.3
65 years and over	25,580	11,785	13,795	22.1	20.9	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,465	4,445	5,020	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,640	875	765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	445	250	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,705	2,770	2,935	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,120	800	1,320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.9	8.5	8.2	7.9	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.9	8.4	8.7	8.9	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	9.5	7.7	8.6	9.5	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.0	8.0	8.1
65 years and over (%)	8.3	6.8	9.6	8.3	6.8	9.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,890	9,775	9,110	16.4	17.3	15.4
0 to 5 years	5,150	2,640	2,515	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	71,035	34,800	36,240	61.5	61.7	61.3
65 years and over	25,575	11,785	13,795	22.1	20.9	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,160	3,165	3,000	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	865	435	430	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	100	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,830	2,515	2,315	...	...	...
65 years and over	470	215	255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.6	5.1	5.3	5.6	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.8	2.9	3.3	3.8	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.2	6.4	6.8	7.2	6.4
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,510	56,365	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,785	22,850	24,935	41.4	40.5	42.2
In bottom decile	11,175	5,510	5,670	9.7	9.8	9.6
In second decile	8,730	4,030	4,705	7.6	7.1	8.0
In third decile	8,650	4,125	4,520	7.5	7.3	7.6
In fourth decile	9,285	4,415	4,870	8.0	7.8	8.2
In fifth decile	9,940	4,765	5,180	8.6	8.5	8.8
In top half of the distribution	67,720	33,515	34,215	58.6	59.5	57.8
In sixth decile	11,400	5,560	5,835	9.9	9.9	9.9
In seventh decile	12,005	5,885	6,120	10.4	10.4	10.3
In eighth decile	13,410	6,665	6,740	11.6	11.8	11.4
In ninth decile	15,675	7,820	7,860	13.6	13.9	13.3
In top decile	15,235	7,580	7,655	13.2	13.4	12.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,505	...	...	115,505	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,970	56,530	59,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	103,760	51,270	52,480	89.5	90.7	88.3
French only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,305	4,490	5,815	8.9	7.9	9.8
Neither English nor French	1,865	755	1,115	1.6	1.3	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,970	56,530	59,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	112,475	55,015	57,460	97.0	97.3	96.7
French	1,320	630	685	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,820	735	1,090	1.6	1.3	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,970	56,530	59,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,595	54,965	57,625	97.1	97.2	96.9
Official languages	89,580	44,375	45,200	77.2	78.5	76.0
English	88,270	43,755	44,520	76.1	77.4	74.9
French	1,305	620	685	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	23,015	10,590	12,430	19.8	18.7	20.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,985	10,580	12,410	19.8	18.7	20.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	840	440	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	785	410	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	625	335	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	615	265	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	570	250	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,710	675	1,035	1.5	1.2	1.7
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,375	555	825	1.2	1.0	1.4
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,200	4,875	5,320	8.8	8.6	9.0
Albanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,450	645	800	1.3	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,425	630	790	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	120	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	370	155	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,830	815	1,020	1.6	1.4	1.7
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,075	460	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	1,030	445	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	280	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	470	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,235	2,145	2,085	3.7	3.8	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,695	1,865	1,825	3.2	3.3	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	495	260	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,655	1,325	1,330	2.3	2.3	2.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	535	285	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	495	265	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	420	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,470	1,160	1,310	2.1	2.1	2.2
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	400	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	705	320	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,240	585	655	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	625	180	445	0.5	0.3	0.7
Korean	755	335	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,335	3,330	4,005	6.3	5.9	6.7
Chinese languages	7,300	3,310	3,990	6.3	5.9	6.7
Hakka	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,030	1,800	2,225	3.5	3.2	3.7
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,945	1,375	1,570	2.5	2.4	2.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,375	1,570	1,810	2.9	2.8	3.0
English and French	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,545	1,190	1,360	2.2	2.1	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,970	56,530	59,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	91,950	45,335	46,615	79.3	80.2	78.4
French	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	5,970	2,755	3,215	5.1	4.9	5.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,965	2,755	3,210	5.1	4.9	5.4
English and French	1,170	535	640	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	15,635	7,360	8,280	13.5	13.0	13.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	525	225	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,970	56,530	59,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,470	54,880	57,590	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	100,625	49,295	51,335	86.8	87.2	86.4
English	100,240	49,120	51,120	86.4	86.9	86.0
French	385	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	11,845	5,585	6,255	10.2	9.9	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,840	5,585	6,255	10.2	9.9	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	405	200	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	350	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	905	410	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	355	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,145	2,020	2,125	3.6	3.6	3.6
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,465	1,235	1,225	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	1,060	1,065	1.8	1.9	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	245	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,630	800	830	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	935	430	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	565	270	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	245	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	525	250	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,825	2,220	2,605	4.2	3.9	4.4
Chinese languages	4,805	2,210	2,600	4.1	3.9	4.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,950	1,375	1,580	2.5	2.4	2.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,720	785	935	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,500	1,650	1,845	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,210	1,525	1,685	2.8	2.7	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,970	56,530	59,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	100,995	49,565	51,430	87.1	87.7	86.5
English	4,915	2,375	2,540	4.2	4.2	4.3
French	990	455	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	7,355	3,345	4,005	6.3	5.9	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,320	3,330	3,990	6.3	5.9	6.7
English and French	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	655	325	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	700	315	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,510	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,660	55,530	58,130	98.4	98.5	98.3
English	113,625	55,515	58,105	98.4	98.5	98.2
French	10,360	4,495	5,860	9.0	8.0	9.9
Non-official languages	31,610	14,630	16,980	27.4	26.0	28.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,525	14,605	16,920	27.3	25.9	28.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,320	700	620	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,280	685	600	1.1	1.2	1.0
Amharic	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	960	535	430	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	910	370	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	845	340	500	0.7	0.6	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,340	940	1,400	2.0	1.7	2.4
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,115	850	1,265	1.8	1.5	2.1
Waray-Waray	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	430	245	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	90	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,765	7,500	8,265	13.6	13.3	14.0
Albanian	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,885	870	1,015	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,835	835	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	375	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	625	260	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	455	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,270	1,510	1,760	2.8	2.7	3.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,155	1,015	1,135	1.9	1.8	1.9
German	2,095	1,000	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	885	410	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	270	160	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	620	250	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	360	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	140	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,585	2,850	2,730	4.8	5.1	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	4,955	2,530	2,425	4.3	4.5	4.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindi	1,850	965	885	1.6	1.7	1.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,700	1,875	1,820	3.2	3.3	3.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	635	330	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	600	310	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	560	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,210	2,345	2,870	4.5	4.2	4.9
Catalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	825	400	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	1,020	450	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Romanian	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,510	1,530	1,980	3.0	2.7	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,490	545	945	1.3	1.0	1.6
Korean	895	420	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	255	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	190	60	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,355	3,875	4,480	7.2	6.9	7.6
Chinese languages	8,260	3,830	4,430	7.2	6.8	7.5
Hakka	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	5,590	2,580	3,015	4.8	4.6	5.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	300	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,635	1,655	1,980	3.1	2.9	3.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,015	1,900	2,110	3.5	3.4	3.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,860	1,830	2,035	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,080	980	1,100	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis	1,755	820	930	1.5	1.5	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	111,495	54,465	57,035	96.5	96.6	96.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,380	695	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,125	55,670	58,455	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,270	...	...	69.2	...	...
Renter	14,775	...	...	30.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,775	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not condominium	40,270	...	...	83.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	6,125	...	...	12.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,440	...	...	25.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,685	...	...	28.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,285	...	...	31.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,005	...	...	29.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,390	...	...	13.3	...	...
6 rooms	6,125	...	...	12.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,110	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,415	...	...	32.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,320	...	...	98.5	...	...
More than one person per room	725	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,235	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,815	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,465	...	...	23.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,605	...	...	32.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,305	...	...	17.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,870	...	...	12.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,960	...	...	4.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,665	...	...	3.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,235	...	...	2.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,935	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,545	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,505	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,575	...	...	44.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,530	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,945	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,145	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,600	...	...	11.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,035	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,180	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,180	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,745	...	...	18.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,945	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,215	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,530	...	...	76.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,245	...	...	23.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,860	...	...	20.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,385	...	...	29.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,190	...	...	21.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,350	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,690	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	685	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,665	...	...	70.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,800	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	41,595	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,140	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1	...	...	53.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,678	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	930,000	...	...	930,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,011,000	...	...	1,011,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.4	...	...	12.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1	...	...	39.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,520	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,000	490	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	975	480	495	0.8	0.9	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	770	365	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,830	1,720	2,115	3.3	3.1	3.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,700	1,665	2,030	3.2	3.0	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,440	1,075	1,360	2.1	1.9	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,195	545	655	1.0	1.0	1.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,670	54,150	56,520	95.8	96.1	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,170	51,360	53,810	91.1	91.1	91.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,810	9,275	8,535	15.4	16.5	14.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,365	42,090	45,280	75.6	74.7	76.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,335	5,000	5,330	8.9	8.9	9.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,745	42,400	43,340	74.2	75.2	73.3
Immigrants⁸¹	26,045	11,965	14,075	22.5	21.2	23.8
Before 1980	7,705	3,580	4,125	6.7	6.4	7.0
1980 to 1990	3,205	1,555	1,645	2.8	2.8	2.8
1991 to 2000	3,905	1,720	2,185	3.4	3.1	3.7
2001 to 2010	4,950	2,170	2,790	4.3	3.9	4.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,280	2,945	3,330	5.4	5.2	5.6
2011 to 2015	2,870	1,355	1,520	2.5	2.4	2.6
2016 to 2021	3,405	1,590	1,815	2.9	2.8	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,720	1,990	1,725	3.2	3.5	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,045	11,965	14,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,325	1,115	1,205	8.9	9.3	8.6
5 to 14 years	4,205	2,190	2,020	16.1	18.3	14.4
15 to 24 years	5,260	2,340	2,915	20.2	19.6	20.7
25 to 44 years	11,435	5,030	6,400	43.9	42.0	45.5
45 years and over	2,825	1,285	1,540	10.8	10.7	10.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,045	11,965	14,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,005	1,330	1,680	11.5	11.1	11.9
Brazil	105	45	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	155	50	105	0.6	0.4	0.7
El Salvador	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	60	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	85	35	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexico	270	155	115	1.0	1.3	0.8
Peru	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	95	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
United States of America	1,655	725	930	6.4	6.1	6.6
Other places of birth in Americas	450	210	240	1.7	1.8	1.7
Europe	8,070	3,895	4,175	31.0	32.6	29.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatia	180	85	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
France	130	55	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Germany	730	340	385	2.8	2.8	2.7
Greece	120	65	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hungary	135	60	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italy	255	140	115	1.0	1.2	0.8
Netherlands	390	180	210	1.5	1.5	1.5
Poland	255	150	110	1.0	1.3	0.8
Portugal	505	225	280	1.9	1.9	2.0
Romania	175	80	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	195	90	110	0.7	0.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	80	55	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
Ukraine	205	100	105	0.8	0.8	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,760	1,820	1,945	14.4	15.2	13.8
Other places of birth in Europe	920	455	470	3.5	3.8	3.3
Africa	1,195	640	555	4.6	5.3	3.9
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	85	50	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ethiopia	85	50	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Morocco	45	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigeria	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	380	205	175	1.5	1.7	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	440	220	215	1.7	1.8	1.5
Asia	13,350	5,885	7,465	51.3	49.2	53.0
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	425	215	210	1.6	1.8	1.5
Iraq	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	85	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	195	80	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
Turkey	105	70	40	0.4	0.6	0.3
China⁹⁰	4,110	1,795	2,320	15.8	15.0	16.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	720	350	365	2.8	2.9	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	490	235	250	1.9	2.0	1.8
Taiwan	340	130	205	1.3	1.1	1.5
Philippines	1,995	790	1,200	7.7	6.6	8.5
Viet Nam	540	225	310	2.1	1.9	2.2
Bangladesh	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	2,650	1,305	1,345	10.2	10.9	9.6
Pakistan	115	65	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,415	500	915	5.4	4.2	6.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	420	210	205	1.6	1.8	1.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,405	1,590	1,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	345	140	210	10.1	8.8	11.6
Brazil	35	15	25	1.0	0.9	1.4
Colombia	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
United States of America	210	90	120	6.2	5.7	6.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	30	1.6	1.6	1.7
Europe	250	140	105	7.3	8.8	5.8
France	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	65	35	2.9	4.1	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	85	35	45	2.5	2.2	2.5
Africa	210	110	95	6.2	6.9	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	15	1.0	1.3	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	45	15	25	1.3	0.9	1.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	30	1.5	1.6	1.7
Asia	2,550	1,160	1,385	74.9	73.0	76.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	740	290	445	21.7	18.2	24.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
India	505	285	220	14.8	17.9	12.1
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	25	1.5	1.6	1.4
Iraq	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	95	30	65	2.8	1.9	3.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	120	55	60	3.5	3.5	3.3
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nepal	70	45	25	2.1	2.8	1.4
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Philippines	505	230	275	14.8	14.5	15.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	155	70	80	4.6	4.4	4.4
Turkey	75	35	40	2.2	2.2	2.2
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	70	20	50	2.1	1.3	2.8
Other places of birth in Asia	75	25	45	2.2	1.6	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	50	35	15	1.5	2.2	0.8
Australia	30	15	10	0.9	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,510	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	31,910	15,005	16,900	27.6	26.6	28.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,365	12,815	13,550	22.8	22.7	22.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	57,235	28,540	28,690	49.5	50.6	48.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,340	8,385	9,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,095	5,035	5,065	55.0	60.0	50.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,495	2,635	1,860	24.5	31.4	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,600	2,405	3,205	30.5	28.7	32.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,740	2,560	4,180	36.8	30.5	42.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,370	720	650	7.5	8.6	6.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	70	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,340	8,385	9,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	325	190	130	1.8	2.3	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,760	1,185	1,575	15.0	14.1	15.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	860	420	440	4.7	5.0	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,605	745	860	8.8	8.9	8.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	35	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,670	5,805	6,870	69.1	69.2	69.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	28,845	13,865	14,975	25.0	24.6	25.3
South Asian	6,605	3,340	3,270	5.7	5.9	5.5
Chinese	10,105	4,830	5,270	8.7	8.6	8.9
Black	1,510	835	675	1.3	1.5	1.1
Filipino	2,895	1,235	1,660	2.5	2.2	2.8
Arab	805	440	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin American	1,225	580	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Southeast Asian	1,590	750	835	1.4	1.3	1.4
West Asian	610	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	940	465	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Japanese	1,380	510	870	1.2	0.9	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	935	460	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	86,660	42,495	44,170	75.0	75.4	74.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,505	56,360	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,525	6,570	5,955	10.8	11.7	10.1
English	33,100	16,175	16,925	28.7	28.7	28.6
Irish	19,200	8,855	10,345	16.6	15.7	17.5
Scottish	24,650	11,795	12,860	21.3	20.9	21.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,845	3,710	4,140	6.8	6.6	7.0
German	12,705	6,080	6,630	11.0	10.8	11.2
Chinese	10,175	4,835	5,340	8.8	8.6	9.0
Italian	3,680	1,825	1,855	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indian (India)	4,305	2,135	2,170	3.7	3.8	3.7
Ukrainian	5,015	2,420	2,595	4.3	4.3	4.4
Dutch	4,565	2,220	2,350	4.0	3.9	4.0
Polish	3,220	1,555	1,665	2.8	2.8	2.8
Québécois	265	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,165	3,415	3,750	6.2	6.1	6.3
Filipino	2,855	1,250	1,600	2.5	2.2	2.7
French Canadian	1,165	550	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,390	1,240	1,155	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,495	700	805	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	1,550	720	830	1.3	1.3	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,995	1,470	1,530	2.6	2.6	2.6
Russian	2,365	1,100	1,260	2.0	2.0	2.1
Norwegian	3,325	1,555	1,775	2.9	2.8	3.0
Welsh	3,745	1,865	1,885	3.2	3.3	3.2
Portuguese	1,495	710	785	1.3	1.3	1.3
American	2,350	1,065	1,285	2.0	1.9	2.2
Spanish	1,185	550	635	1.0	1.0	1.1
Swedish	2,730	1,240	1,485	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hungarian	1,275	615	665	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	470	265	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	970	485	475	0.8	0.9	0.8
Punjabi	910	450	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vietnamese	975	440	540	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	730	345	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	860	400	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	510	190	315	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	960	490	470	0.8	0.9	0.8
Romanian	700	300	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	625	320	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,750	885	865	1.5	1.6	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	280	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sikh	780	395	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austrian	1,290	620	670	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	665	325	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mexican	560	310	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mennonite	310	180	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	805	350	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Finnish	825	400	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	795	375	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	1,585	595	990	1.4	1.1	1.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	780	385	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	670	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	490	260	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	295	170	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	310	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraqi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	365	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	400	185	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australian	505	245	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	235	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	160	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	655	320	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,505	56,365	59,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,520	620	910	1.3	1.1	1.5
Christian	38,645	17,465	21,180	33.5	31.0	35.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,915	3,760	4,155	6.9	6.7	7.0
Anabaptist	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,460	2,350	3,110	4.7	4.2	5.3
Baptist	1,470	620	845	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	12,415	5,745	6,670	10.7	10.2	11.3
Christian Orthodox	785	370	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	260	95	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	980	425	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	905	440	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Presbyterian	840	395	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Reformed	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	4,160	1,590	2,570	3.6	2.8	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,260	1,105	1,160	2.0	2.0	2.0
Hindu	1,370	720	650	1.2	1.3	1.1
Jewish	760	340	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Muslim	1,855	965	890	1.6	1.7	1.5
Sikh	3,250	1,615	1,640	2.8	2.9	2.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,540	565	975	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	66,460	34,035	32,430	57.5	60.4	54.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,855	56,000	58,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,490	47,960	50,530	85.8	85.6	85.9
Movers	16,370	8,040	8,325	14.3	14.4	14.1
Non-migrants	10,715	5,290	5,425	9.3	9.4	9.2
Migrants	5,650	2,750	2,900	4.9	4.9	4.9
Internal migrants	4,365	2,105	2,265	3.8	3.8	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,685	1,235	1,450	2.3	2.2	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,680	870	815	1.5	1.6	1.4
External migrants	1,285	645	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	111,460	54,300	57,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,410	32,480	34,930	60.5	59.8	61.1
Movers	44,050	21,815	22,235	39.5	40.2	38.9
Non-migrants	14,355	7,180	7,175	12.9	13.2	12.6
Migrants	29,705	14,640	15,060	26.7	27.0	26.3
Internal migrants	24,210	11,835	12,375	21.7	21.8	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	18,585	9,030	9,565	16.7	16.6	16.7
Interprovincial migrants	5,625	2,810	2,815	5.0	5.2	4.9
External migrants	5,490	2,805	2,690	4.9	5.2	4.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,315	48,500	51,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,775	6,065	5,705	11.7	12.5	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	88,535	42,430	46,110	88.3	87.5	89.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,195	28,710	30,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,675	2,010	1,665	6.2	7.0	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,520	26,695	28,820	93.8	93.0	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,310	48,500	51,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,430	5,265	5,160	10.4	10.9	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,330	13,960	14,370	28.2	28.8	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,555	29,275	32,280	61.4	60.4	62.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,630	12,590	13,040	25.6	26.0	25.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,035	4,555	1,480	6.0	9.4	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,315	1,330	985	2.3	2.7	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,725	3,230	490	3.7	6.7	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,385	6,785	9,600	16.3	14.0	18.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,210	1,245	1,965	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	35,920	16,680	19,235	35.8	34.4	37.1
Bachelor's degree	21,735	9,840	11,885	21.7	20.3	22.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,225	955	1,270	2.2	2.0	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,210	685	525	1.2	1.4	1.0
Master's degree	8,560	3,765	4,795	8.5	7.8	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,195	1,430	765	2.2	2.9	1.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,190	28,710	30,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,990	1,625	1,365	5.1	5.7	4.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,530	7,370	6,160	22.9	25.7	20.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,670	19,705	22,960	72.1	68.6	75.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,875	8,410	8,470	28.5	29.3	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,930	2,975	960	6.6	10.4	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,455	825	625	2.5	2.9	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,480	2,145	330	4.2	7.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,945	4,650	6,295	18.5	16.2	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,000	785	1,215	3.4	2.7	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,795	11,295	14,495	43.6	39.3	47.5
Bachelor's degree	15,690	6,895	8,795	26.5	24.0	28.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,560	635	920	2.6	2.2	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	385	420	1.4	1.3	1.4
Master's degree	6,415	2,600	3,820	10.8	9.1	12.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,325	790	540	2.2	2.8	1.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,310	48,500	51,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,755	19,225	19,535	38.6	39.6	37.7
Education	4,495	1,265	3,230	4.5	2.6	6.2
13. Education	4,495	1,265	3,230	4.5	2.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,230	885	1,345	2.2	1.8	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,115	810	1,305	2.1	1.7	2.5
Humanities	4,235	1,570	2,660	4.2	3.2	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	510	95	420	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	1,185	280	905	1.2	0.6	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	415	610	1.0	0.9	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	185	50	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	145	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	165	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	715	395	320	0.7	0.8	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	25	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,040	3,440	5,600	9.0	7.1	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	745	270	475	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	65	885	1.0	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,245	445	800	1.2	0.9	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235	60	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,840	520	1,315	1.8	1.1	2.5
45. Social sciences	3,815	1,985	1,835	3.8	4.1	3.5
Business, management and public administration	11,430	4,665	6,765	11.4	9.6	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210	285	925	1.2	0.6	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,195	4,365	5,825	10.2	9.0	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,685	2,000	1,685	3.7	4.1	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,710	775	930	1.7	1.6	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	595	290	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,205	850	355	1.2	1.8	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,075	2,135	935	3.1	4.4	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,275	1,685	585	2.3	3.5	1.1
25. Library science	235	65	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	495	320	170	0.5	0.7	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,730	8,755	975	9.7	18.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	395	255	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,855	2,375	480	2.8	4.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,115	1,885	225	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,385	2,330	60	2.4	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,210	1,165	50	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	765	745	20	0.8	1.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,510	875	630	1.5	1.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	790	420	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	720	455	260	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	9,720	2,390	7,330	9.7	4.9	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	780	380	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,545	1,780	6,765	8.5	3.7	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	385	235	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,375	1,280	1,100	2.4	2.6	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,450	555	900	1.4	1.1	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	440	285	155	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	380	350	30	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,195	28,705	30,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,525	9,005	7,520	27.9	31.4	24.7
Education	2,495	675	1,825	4.2	2.4	6.0
13. Education	2,495	675	1,825	4.2	2.4	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,625	630	995	2.7	2.2	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,560	600	960	2.6	2.1	3.1
Humanities	2,785	995	1,790	4.7	3.5	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350	55	300	0.6	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	780	155	630	1.3	0.5	2.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	730	330	410	1.2	1.1	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	120	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	445	215	230	0.8	0.7	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,730	2,335	4,390	11.4	8.1	14.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	635	220	415	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700	60	645	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	920	285	635	1.6	1.0	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	45	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,255	265	985	2.1	0.9	3.2
45. Social sciences	2,865	1,380	1,485	4.8	4.8	4.9
Business, management and public administration	8,335	3,290	5,045	14.1	11.5	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	800	160	650	1.4	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,520	3,125	4,400	12.7	10.9	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,395	1,185	1,210	4.0	4.1	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,155	465	695	2.0	1.6	2.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	160	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	740	510	230	1.3	1.8	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,340	1,650	695	4.0	5.7	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,895	1,395	505	3.2	4.9	1.7
25. Library science	105	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	300	195	105	0.5	0.7	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,585	5,845	740	11.1	20.4	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	270	165	105	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	2,060	1,670	390	3.5	5.8	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,405	1,245	160	2.4	4.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,615	1,570	40	2.7	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	795	770	25	1.3	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	435	420	15	0.7	1.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	560	540	1.8	2.0	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	315	310	1.0	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	475	240	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Health and related fields	6,580	1,655	4,930	11.1	5.8	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	270	300	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,785	1,270	4,515	9.8	4.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,675	880	800	2.8	3.1	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	405	645	1.8	1.4	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	235	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	200	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,195	28,705	30,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,525	9,005	7,520	27.9	31.4	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,670	19,705	22,965	72.1	68.6	75.3
Location of study inside Canada	34,410	16,100	18,310	58.1	56.1	60.1
Same as province or territory of residence	26,590	12,405	14,180	44.9	43.2	46.5
Different than province or territory of residence	7,825	3,690	4,130	13.2	12.9	13.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,255	3,605	4,650	13.9	12.6	15.3
Americas	1,800	875	920	3.0	3.0	3.0
United States of America	1,315	650	670	2.2	2.3	2.2
Mexico	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,675	800	880	2.8	2.8	2.9
Belgium	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germany	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	820	390	425	1.4	1.4	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	300	145	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	4,160	1,635	2,525	7.0	5.7	8.3
Iran⁸⁸	180	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	980	395	585	1.7	1.4	1.9
Taiwan	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	265	60	215	0.4	0.2	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	285	110	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Philippines	935	335	600	1.6	1.2	2.0
Viet Nam	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	880	430	450	1.5	1.5	1.5
Pakistan	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	180	55	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	330	155	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Australia	250	105	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
New Zealand	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,310	48,500	51,810	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,535	31,695	30,835	...	...	...
Employed	58,280	29,445	28,835	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,255	2,250	2,005	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,775	16,800	20,975	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.3	65.4	59.5	62.3	65.4	59.5
Employment rate	58.1	60.7	55.7	58.1	60.7	55.7
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.1	6.5	6.8	7.1	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,310	48,500	51,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,370	16,635	20,735	37.3	34.3	40.0
Worked	62,940	31,865	31,080	62.7	65.7	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,330	17,895	14,435	32.2	36.9	27.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,615	13,970	16,645	30.5	28.8	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.1	40.4	41.3	42.1	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,535	31,700	30,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025	520	505	1.6	1.6	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,510	31,180	30,335	98.4	98.4	98.4
Employee	50,820	24,905	25,905	81.3	78.6	84.0
Permanent position	41,855	20,795	21,060	66.9	65.6	68.3
Temporary position	8,960	4,115	4,850	14.3	13.0	15.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,675	1,255	1,420	4.3	4.0	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,285	2,855	3,430	10.1	9.0	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,695	6,270	4,425	17.1	19.8	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,535	31,700	30,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025	520	505	1.6	1.6	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,510	31,180	30,335	98.4	98.4	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	820	485	335	1.3	1.5	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,710	3,225	7,485	17.1	10.2	24.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,060	4,605	1,455	9.7	14.5	4.7
3 Health occupations	5,905	1,480	4,420	9.4	4.7	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,455	3,490	5,970	15.1	11.0	19.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,505	1,125	1,385	4.0	3.5	4.5
6 Sales and service occupations	15,450	7,395	8,050	24.7	23.3	26.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,280	7,600	685	13.2	24.0	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,315	960	360	2.1	3.0	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,005	815	190	1.6	2.6	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,535	31,700	30,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025	520	505	1.6	1.6	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	61,510	31,180	30,335	98.4	98.4	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	625	345	280	1.0	1.1	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	200	155	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	4,630	4,130	500	7.4	13.0	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	1,970	1,440	530	3.2	4.5	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	935	655	280	1.5	2.1	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,090	3,595	3,490	11.3	11.3	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,225	1,730	495	3.6	5.5	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	950	585	360	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,865	840	1,030	3.0	2.6	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,195	585	615	1.9	1.8	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,055	3,535	2,520	9.7	11.2	8.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,580	1,645	940	4.1	5.2	3.0
61 Educational services	5,750	2,200	3,545	9.2	6.9	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	9,380	2,230	7,150	15.0	7.0	23.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,485	745	740	2.4	2.4	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,535	2,200	2,340	7.3	6.9	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,490	1,015	1,470	4.0	3.2	4.8
91 Public administration	7,410	3,445	3,970	11.8	10.9	12.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,960	34,315	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,260	33,035	32,220	96.0	96.3	95.8
French	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	485	300	185	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	480	300	180	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and French	575	260	315	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,465	635	830	2.2	1.9	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,960	34,315	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,655	34,170	33,485	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	66,865	33,730	33,135	98.4	98.3	98.5
English	66,700	33,695	33,005	98.1	98.2	98.1
French	165	35	130	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	795	440	355	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	790	440	350	1.2	1.3	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	130	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	225	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese languages	425	225	200	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	150	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	305	145	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,960	34,315	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,110	33,495	32,615	97.3	97.6	96.9
English	345	130	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	460	235	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	845	350	495	1.2	1.0	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	830	345	485	1.2	1.0	1.4
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,280	29,445	28,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,810	7,510	8,300	27.1	25.5	28.8
Worked outside Canada	140	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	7,440	5,390	2,050	12.8	18.3	7.1
Usual place of work	34,890	16,460	18,430	59.9	55.9	63.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,890	16,460	18,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,805	6,125	7,680	39.6	37.2	41.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,430	9,930	10,500	58.6	60.3	57.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	540	330	210	1.5	2.0	1.1
Commute to a different province or territory	110	75	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,325	21,850	20,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,655	17,060	15,595	77.2	78.1	76.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,295	16,150	14,145	71.6	73.9	69.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,355	910	1,445	5.6	4.2	7.1
Public transit	3,710	1,580	2,130	8.8	7.2	10.4
Walked	2,660	1,215	1,450	6.3	5.6	7.1
Bicycle	2,160	1,325	835	5.1	6.1	4.1
Other method	1,140	670	475	2.7	3.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,325	21,850	20,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,860	6,700	7,160	32.7	30.7	35.0
15 to 29 minutes	21,215	11,075	10,140	50.1	50.7	49.5
30 to 44 minutes	5,400	3,085	2,320	12.8	14.1	11.3
45 to 59 minutes	955	480	475	2.3	2.2	2.3
60 minutes and over	895	505	380	2.1	2.3	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,325	21,850	20,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,385	935	455	3.3	4.3	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,620	3,545	2,080	13.3	16.2	10.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,260	5,915	5,345	26.6	27.1	26.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,840	5,125	5,715	25.6	23.5	27.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,180	3,155	4,025	17.0	14.4	19.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,040	3,180	2,860	14.3	14.6	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,310	9,995	9,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	610	595	6.2	6.1	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,105	9,390	8,715	93.8	93.9	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,830	7,715	7,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950	485	460	6.4	6.3	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	255	255	3.4	3.3	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	440	235	205	3.0	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,885	7,225	6,660	93.6	93.6	93.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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