Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prairie Mountain HealthMore information: Manitoba [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	168,876	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	79,006	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	68,462	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	168,875	83,970	84,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	33,080	17,175	15,905	19.6	20.5	18.7
0 to 4 years	10,490	5,485	5,010	6.2	6.5	5.9
5 to 9 years	11,335	5,855	5,480	6.7	7.0	6.5
10 to 14 years	11,260	5,840	5,420	6.7	7.0	6.4
15 to 64 years	101,875	51,125	50,750	60.3	60.9	59.8
15 to 19 years	10,030	5,180	4,845	5.9	6.2	5.7
20 to 24 years	9,670	5,045	4,630	5.7	6.0	5.5
25 to 29 years	10,045	5,155	4,890	5.9	6.1	5.8
30 to 34 years	10,700	5,345	5,360	6.3	6.4	6.3
35 to 39 years	10,710	5,360	5,350	6.3	6.4	6.3
40 to 44 years	10,155	5,050	5,105	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	9,410	4,690	4,720	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	9,080	4,515	4,565	5.4	5.4	5.4
55 to 59 years	10,560	5,100	5,465	6.3	6.1	6.4
60 to 64 years	11,510	5,690	5,820	6.8	6.8	6.9
65 years and over	33,920	15,665	18,255	20.1	18.7	21.5
65 to 69 years	10,180	5,060	5,120	6.0	6.0	6.0
70 to 74 years	8,610	4,125	4,485	5.1	4.9	5.3
75 to 79 years	6,060	2,850	3,210	3.6	3.4	3.8
80 to 84 years	4,240	1,920	2,325	2.5	2.3	2.7
85 years and over	4,820	1,710	3,110	2.9	2.0	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,725	1,075	1,650	1.6	1.3	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,520	500	1,020	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	485	115	370	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.5	18.7	19.6	20.5	18.7
15 to 64 years	60.3	60.9	59.8	60.3	60.9	59.8
65 years and over	20.1	18.7	21.5	20.1	18.7	21.5
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.7	2.9	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	40.9	39.8	42.0	40.9	39.8	42.0
Median age of the population	40.0	38.8	41.6	40.0	38.8	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	68,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	50,935	...	...	74.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,800	...	...	2.6	...	...
Row house	2,710	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	795	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,810	...	...	11.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	920	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,375	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	68,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,065	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	25,155	...	...	36.7	...	...
3 persons	8,430	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	7,845	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	5,970	...	...	8.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	161,890	80,785	81,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	135,790	66,795	69,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	80,425	40,195	40,230	59.2	60.2	58.3
Married	66,520	33,260	33,260	49.0	49.8	48.2
Living common-law	13,905	6,935	6,970	10.2	10.4	10.1
Living common law - Never married	10,435	5,265	5,170	7.7	7.9	7.5
Living common law - Separated	500	255	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,635	1,290	1,345	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	335	125	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	55,365	26,590	28,770	40.8	39.8	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,160	20,230	15,925	26.6	30.3	23.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,835	1,290	1,540	2.1	1.9	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,125	3,115	4,010	5.2	4.7	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,245	1,955	7,295	6.8	2.9	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	45,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,095	...	...	55.0	...	...
3 persons	8,145	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	7,565	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,795	...	...	10.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	45,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	38,450	...	...	84.3	...	...
Married couples	31,490	...	...	69.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,245	...	...	31.2	...	...
Without children	17,250	...	...	37.8	...	...
Common-law couples	6,955	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,090	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	3,865	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,155	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,495	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,660	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	161,890	80,785	81,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	131,175	65,275	65,900	81.0	80.8	81.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	76,890	38,405	38,485	47.5	47.5	47.5
Parents in one-parent families	7,160	1,660	5,495	4.4	2.1	6.8
Children⁶	47,130	25,210	21,915	29.1	31.2	27.0
In a two-parent family	34,830	18,560	16,275	21.5	23.0	20.1
In a one-parent family	12,295	6,655	5,645	7.6	8.2	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30,715	15,515	15,200	19.0	19.2	18.7
Living alone	21,065	10,060	11,005	13.0	12.5	13.6
Living with other relatives⁷	3,925	1,970	1,955	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	5,720	3,480	2,240	3.5	4.3	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	68,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,670	...	...	60.9	...	...
Couple-family households	36,110	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	16,050	...	...	23.4	...	...
Without children	20,060	...	...	29.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,560	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,070	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	260	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,715	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,675	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	21,065	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	130,065	64,290	65,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	126,520	62,435	64,090	97.3	97.1	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	126,645	62,505	64,140	97.4	97.2	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	31,600	34,400	38,400	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,190	56,825	56,365	87.0	88.4	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	39,600	26,000	32,000	39,600	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,510	48,480	44,030	71.1	75.4	66.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,600	27,600	32,800	39,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,900	55,850	59,045	88.3	86.9	89.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	6,000	10,900	9,000	6,000	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,465	5,885	6,580	9.6	9.2	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	6,000	5,400	5,560	6,000	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,245	12,395	14,850	20.9	19.3	22.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	130,135	64,270	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	126,920	62,660	64,260	97.5	97.5	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,560	52,000	41,240	46,560	52,000	41,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	127,045	62,725	64,320	97.6	97.6	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,840	42,320	35,440	38,840	42,320	35,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,515	57,080	56,440	87.2	88.8	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	48,160	34,400	41,320	48,160	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,520	48,705	43,815	71.1	75.8	66.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,280	34,720	40,800	46,280	34,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,205	55,960	59,245	88.5	87.1	89.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,570	9,100	11,960	10,570	9,100	11,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,875	6,035	6,840	9.9	9.4	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,930	6,810	6,870	6,930	6,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,445	12,460	14,985	21.1	19.4	22.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,760	8,720	8,740	8,760	8,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	130,135	64,270	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,630	26,360	18,270	34.3	41.0	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	57,200	47,600	52,800	57,200	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,350	63,000	54,150	59,350	63,000	54,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,975	15,765	19,210	26.9	24.5	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	19,200	16,800	17,800	19,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	29,960	22,800	26,000	29,960	22,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.4	73.2	79.4	84.4	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.9	69.2	57.4	63.9	69.2	57.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	15.6	26.8	20.6	15.6	26.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.1	6.6	5.3	4.1	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	4.9	4.1	3.4	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	130,065	64,290	65,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,545	1,855	1,695	2.7	2.9	2.6
With total income	126,515	62,430	64,085	97.3	97.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,405	5,595	5,815	9.0	9.0	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	15,775	6,675	9,100	12.5	10.7	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	21,100	8,825	12,270	16.7	14.1	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	17,120	7,170	9,950	13.5	11.5	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	15,630	7,155	8,475	12.4	11.5	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	12,680	6,610	6,075	10.0	10.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	9,160	5,370	3,795	7.2	8.6	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,710	4,180	2,530	5.3	6.7	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,880	2,895	1,985	3.9	4.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,805	2,185	1,625	3.0	3.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,250	5,785	2,465	6.5	9.3	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	6,160	4,240	1,925	4.9	6.8	3.0
$150,000 and over	2,090	1,550	540	1.6	2.5	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	130,065	64,290	65,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,420	1,785	1,635	2.6	2.8	2.5
With after-tax income	126,650	62,505	64,145	97.4	97.2	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,090	5,850	6,240	9.6	9.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	16,930	7,185	9,745	13.4	11.5	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	24,620	10,400	14,220	19.4	16.6	22.2
$30,000 to $39,999	20,945	9,225	11,720	16.5	14.8	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	17,990	9,200	8,790	14.2	14.7	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	12,600	7,315	5,285	9.9	11.7	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,105	4,840	3,265	6.4	7.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,555	3,180	2,375	4.4	5.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015	1,900	1,110	2.4	3.0	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,690	1,160	530	1.3	1.9	0.8
$100,000 and over	3,105	2,240	860	2.4	3.6	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,785	1,305	485	1.4	2.1	0.7
$125,000 and over	1,320	935	380	1.0	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	130,065	64,290	65,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	37,560	15,810	21,750	28.9	24.6	33.1
With employment income	92,510	48,480	44,030	71.1	75.4	66.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,795	6,815	6,975	14.9	14.1	15.8
$5,000 to $9,999	7,665	3,480	4,185	8.3	7.2	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,905	5,400	6,505	12.9	11.1	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,985	4,345	5,640	10.8	9.0	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	9,645	4,415	5,235	10.4	9.1	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,330	4,665	4,665	10.1	9.6	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,510	4,440	3,075	8.1	9.1	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,755	3,685	2,065	6.2	7.6	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,485	2,930	1,555	4.9	6.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,735	2,205	1,530	4.0	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	1,585	1,180	3.0	3.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	5,935	4,515	1,420	6.4	9.3	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,200	2,310	890	3.5	4.8	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,735	2,205	540	3.0	4.5	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	130,065	64,290	65,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	122,775	60,480	62,300	94.4	94.1	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	32,000	36,800	43,200	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	122,805	60,480	62,325	94.4	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	29,200	32,800	37,600	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,230	55,700	55,530	85.5	86.6	84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	27,200	33,200	40,800	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,525	48,180	44,350	71.1	74.9	67.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	28,200	33,600	40,000	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,780	52,075	54,705	82.1	81.0	83.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	1,600	7,550	5,000	1,600	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,570	5,160	5,405	8.1	8.0	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,550	5,480	6,080	6,550	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	130,135	64,270	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,215	60,740	62,480	94.7	94.5	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	50,200	38,600	44,320	50,200	38,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,255	60,745	62,510	94.7	94.5	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,840	40,760	33,040	36,840	40,760	33,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,750	55,940	55,810	85.9	87.0	84.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280	48,280	34,240	41,280	48,280	34,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,805	48,450	44,360	71.3	75.4	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	46,600	34,360	40,760	46,600	34,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,755	52,225	54,535	82.0	81.3	82.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,970	6,680	9,200	7,970	6,680	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,825	5,275	5,550	8.3	8.2	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,620	7,420	7,810	7,620	7,420	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	130,135	64,270	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,145	26,065	18,085	33.9	40.6	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	54,000	44,400	49,600	54,000	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,500	60,450	50,800	56,500	60,450	50,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,840	14,705	18,135	25.2	22.9	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	24,800	21,000	22,400	24,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,480	35,400	26,520	30,480	35,400	26,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	88.6	79.2	84.4	88.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	69.2	74.0	63.2	69.2	74.0	63.2
Government transfers (%)	15.6	11.4	20.8	15.6	11.4	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	68,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	47,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	68,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,200	...	...	86,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,400	...	...	45,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,160	...	...	38,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	47,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	68,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	775	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	590	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,115	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,315	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,555	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,105	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,770	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,135	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,180	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,045	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,685	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,220	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,805	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,335	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,985	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,850	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,930	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,305	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,455	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,160	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	68,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	920	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	605	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,180	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,405	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,880	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,615	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,255	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,765	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,660	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,520	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,740	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,120	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,525	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,805	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,260	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,205	...	...	22.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,945	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,020	...	...	5.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	45,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	26,785	13,540	13,250	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,800	32,800	35,200	38,800	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,000	30,200	32,000	34,000	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	45,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...	103,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,300	...	...	94,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,100	...	...	78,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,300	...	...	60,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	26,850	13,520	13,330	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,360	45,800	40,920	43,360	45,800	40,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,680	38,080	35,240	36,680	38,080	35,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	161,895	80,790	81,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	37,855	19,580	18,275	23.4	24.2	22.5
0 to 5 years	12,235	6,345	5,885	7.6	7.9	7.3
18 to 64 years	92,790	46,435	46,355	57.3	57.5	57.2
65 years and over	31,245	14,770	16,475	19.3	18.3	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	26,660	12,515	14,140	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,870	4,005	3,865	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,855	1,480	1,375	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	12,725	6,105	6,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,065	2,410	3,655	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	15.5	17.4	16.5	15.5	17.4
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.5	21.2	20.8	20.5	21.2
0 to 5 years (%)	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.1	14.3	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	19.4	16.3	22.2	19.4	16.3	22.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	153,110	76,400	76,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	34,235	17,710	16,525	22.4	23.2	21.5
0 to 5 years	11,005	5,700	5,305	7.2	7.5	6.9
18 to 64 years	88,095	44,115	43,975	57.5	57.7	57.3
65 years and over	30,785	14,575	16,210	20.1	19.1	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,305	3,385	2,925	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,295	670	635	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	425	225	200	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,435	2,415	2,015	...	...	...
65 years and over	575	300	275	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.4	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.5	4.6	5.0	5.5	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.9	2.1	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	161,895	80,790	81,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	101,360	49,520	51,840	62.6	61.3	63.9
In bottom decile	22,660	10,985	11,675	14.0	13.6	14.4
In second decile	22,310	10,390	11,920	13.8	12.9	14.7
In third decile	19,935	9,690	10,250	12.3	12.0	12.6
In fourth decile	18,800	9,470	9,330	11.6	11.7	11.5
In fifth decile	17,660	8,985	8,675	10.9	11.1	10.7
In top half of the distribution	60,530	31,270	29,260	37.4	38.7	36.1
In sixth decile	16,050	8,340	7,710	9.9	10.3	9.5
In seventh decile	14,740	7,565	7,175	9.1	9.4	8.8
In eighth decile	12,900	6,615	6,285	8.0	8.2	7.7
In ninth decile	10,385	5,405	4,980	6.4	6.7	6.1
In top decile	6,455	3,345	3,105	4.0	4.1	3.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	161,890	...	...	161,890	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.445	...	...	0.445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	166,295	82,835	83,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	157,735	78,805	78,930	94.9	95.1	94.6
French only	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,095	3,345	3,745	4.3	4.0	4.5
Neither English nor French	1,400	645	755	0.8	0.8	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	166,295	82,835	83,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	162,595	81,025	81,570	97.8	97.8	97.7
French	2,140	1,085	1,055	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	205	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	1,355	620	740	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	166,295	82,835	83,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	162,450	80,855	81,595	97.7	97.6	97.8
Official languages	140,540	70,020	70,520	84.5	84.5	84.5
English	138,155	68,825	69,330	83.1	83.1	83.1
French	2,380	1,195	1,190	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official languages	21,920	10,840	11,080	13.2	13.1	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,515	715	800	0.9	0.9	1.0
Algonquian languages	1,165	550	615	0.7	0.7	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	400	195	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	400	195	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	765	360	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	745	345	395	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	505	245	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	300	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,405	10,125	10,280	12.3	12.2	12.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	835	455	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	690	380	310	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	305	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	190	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,390	1,785	1,605	2.0	2.2	1.9
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	220	125	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,805	1,475	1,335	1.7	1.8	1.6
Waray-Waray	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,585	6,650	6,935	8.2	8.0	8.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,805	1,320	1,475	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,785	1,320	1,470	1.7	1.6	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	405	200	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,165	1,010	1,155	1.3	1.2	1.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,030	2,915	3,115	3.6	3.5	3.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,560	2,205	2,355	2.7	2.7	2.8
German	4,515	2,175	2,340	2.7	2.6	2.8
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,070	525	545	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	370	190	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	330	155	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,270	1,185	1,090	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,210	1,150	1,060	1.3	1.4	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,315	710	605	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hindi	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	575	265	305	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,420	1,195	1,220	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,270	1,140	1,130	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	205	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	325	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,540	725	815	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,535	725	810	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,030	485	545	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	445	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,845	1,980	1,860	2.3	2.4	2.2
English and French	590	320	270	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,895	1,480	1,415	1.7	1.8	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	166,295	82,835	83,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	143,350	71,410	71,940	86.2	86.2	86.2
French	415	215	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	6,805	3,295	3,510	4.1	4.0	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	6,640	3,215	3,420	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	1,185	605	580	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	13,550	6,810	6,740	8.1	8.2	8.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	735	375	360	0.4	0.5	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	166,295	82,835	83,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	162,820	81,065	81,760	97.9	97.9	98.0
Official languages	149,980	74,630	75,350	90.2	90.1	90.3
English	149,410	74,330	75,080	89.8	89.7	90.0
French	565	300	270	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	12,845	6,435	6,410	7.7	7.8	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	180	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,475	6,255	6,220	7.5	7.6	7.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	325	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	505	275	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	215	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,305	1,305	1,005	1.4	1.6	1.2
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,995	1,120	875	1.2	1.4	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,715	3,750	3,970	4.6	4.5	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	685	345	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	340	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	260	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	385	195	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,325	1,540	1,775	2.0	1.9	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,670	1,240	1,425	1.6	1.5	1.7
German	2,645	1,230	1,415	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	320	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	315	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,905	960	940	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,860	940	920	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,160	605	555	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindi	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	485	230	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,785	885	890	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,745	870	870	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,220	585	640	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	1,220	585	640	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	835	390	445	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	355	170	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,475	1,775	1,700	2.1	2.1	2.0
English and French	235	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,155	1,615	1,535	1.9	1.9	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	166,295	82,835	83,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	153,605	76,450	77,150	92.4	92.3	92.4
English	4,615	2,400	2,215	2.8	2.9	2.7
French	850	430	420	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	5,735	2,770	2,965	3.4	3.3	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	905	395	510	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous	4,835	2,375	2,455	2.9	2.9	2.9
English and French	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	835	450	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	480	245	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	162,125	80,875	81,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	160,855	80,325	80,530	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	160,780	80,270	80,515	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	7,145	3,465	3,675	4.4	4.3	4.5
Non-official languages	25,880	12,795	13,085	16.0	15.8	16.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,060	1,420	1,635	1.9	1.8	2.0
Algonquian languages	2,245	1,055	1,195	1.4	1.3	1.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	705	350	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	705	350	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	450	230	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,580	730	850	1.0	0.9	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	1,545	710	830	1.0	0.9	1.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	460	190	275	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,055	500	560	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	735	335	400	0.5	0.4	0.5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	725	330	390	0.4	0.4	0.5
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,860	11,390	11,465	14.1	14.1	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,280	655	630	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,130	580	550	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	635	325	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arabic	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,595	2,470	2,130	2.8	3.1	2.6
Bikol	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cebuano	520	330	190	0.3	0.4	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,425	2,370	2,060	2.7	2.9	2.5
Waray-Waray	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	285	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	165	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	230	130	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	70	55	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,495	6,595	6,900	8.3	8.2	8.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,700	1,620	2,080	2.3	2.0	2.6
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,695	1,620	2,080	2.3	2.0	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	100	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	875	410	465	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,905	1,280	1,625	1.8	1.6	2.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,945	1,945	2,000	2.4	2.4	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,720	1,340	1,375	1.7	1.7	1.7
German	2,695	1,330	1,365	1.7	1.6	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,365	655	705	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	305	150	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	290	120	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	610	315	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,760	1,460	1,300	1.7	1.8	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,725	1,440	1,285	1.7	1.8	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,545	870	680	1.0	1.1	0.8
Hindi	1,545	845	700	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	765	365	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,380	1,700	1,680	2.1	2.1	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,170	1,610	1,565	2.0	2.0	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	970	515	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	155	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	565	275	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	175	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,655	780	875	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,650	780	865	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,215	540	675	0.7	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	595	300	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	31,170	15,195	15,980	19.2	18.8	19.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30,450	14,860	15,585	18.8	18.4	19.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,095	8,660	9,435	11.2	10.7	11.6
Métis	12,305	6,190	6,115	7.6	7.7	7.5
Inuk (Inuit)	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	425	185	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	130,955	65,685	65,270	80.8	81.2	80.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	16,905	8,030	8,875	10.4	9.9	10.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,220	72,845	72,375	89.6	90.1	89.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	48,265	...	...	70.4	...	...
Renter	17,835	...	...	26.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,455	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,955	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not condominium	64,595	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	430	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,985	...	...	8.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,800	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,900	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,435	...	...	28.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,785	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 rooms	12,025	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	11,450	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	9,120	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,175	...	...	29.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	67,000	...	...	97.7	...	...
More than one person per room	1,555	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	65,475	...	...	95.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,075	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,320	...	...	26.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	22,600	...	...	33.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,315	...	...	12.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,000	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,890	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,395	...	...	5.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,895	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,135	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,120	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,435	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,085	...	...	55.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,770	...	...	42.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,700	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,030	...	...	4.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,030	...	...	14.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,195	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,370	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,680	...	...	18.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,550	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,845	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,845	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	61,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,775	...	...	87.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,765	...	...	12.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,980	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	68,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,950	...	...	21.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,915	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not suitable only	2,395	...	...	3.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,340	...	...	6.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	215	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	625	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	445	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	53,600	...	...	78.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	60,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,890	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not in core need	55,865	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	44,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.1	...	...	52.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	956	...	...	956	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	224,000	...	...	224,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	246,200	...	...	246,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,605	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.0	...	...	26.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	849	...	...	849	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,455	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	83	...	...	83	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	165	...	...	165	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	19,800	9,620	10,180	12.2	11.9	12.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	19,320	9,390	9,935	11.9	11.6	12.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15,530	7,520	8,015	9.6	9.3	9.9
Métis single ancestry	3,770	1,865	1,910	2.3	2.3	2.4
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	480	235	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	455	235	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,690	5,775	5,920	7.2	7.1	7.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,950	5,445	5,500	6.8	6.7	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,560	2,270	2,295	2.8	2.8	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,295	3,145	3,155	3.9	3.9	3.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	740	325	415	0.5	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	725	310	415	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	130,630	65,485	65,150	80.6	81.0	80.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	150,050	74,695	75,355	92.6	92.4	92.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	35,620	18,525	17,095	22.0	22.9	21.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	114,430	56,170	58,265	70.6	69.4	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,070	6,185	5,890	7.4	7.6	7.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	142,945	71,225	71,720	88.2	88.1	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	17,000	8,285	8,720	10.5	10.2	10.7
Before 1980	1,520	685	835	0.9	0.8	1.0
1980 to 1990	770	405	360	0.5	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	1,085	510	575	0.7	0.6	0.7
2001 to 2010	4,565	2,255	2,305	2.8	2.8	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,055	4,420	4,635	5.6	5.5	5.7
2011 to 2015	3,800	1,915	1,880	2.3	2.4	2.3
2016 to 2021	5,255	2,500	2,760	3.2	3.1	3.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,180	1,370	810	1.3	1.7	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,000	8,285	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,725	860	865	10.1	10.4	9.9
5 to 14 years	3,530	1,675	1,850	20.8	20.2	21.2
15 to 24 years	2,380	1,095	1,285	14.0	13.2	14.7
25 to 44 years	8,130	4,010	4,115	47.8	48.4	47.2
45 years and over	1,240	640	595	7.3	7.7	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,000	8,285	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,040	1,420	1,615	17.9	17.1	18.5
Brazil	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	275	110	160	1.6	1.3	1.8
El Salvador	1,000	530	475	5.9	6.4	5.4
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	115	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.9
Mexico	180	75	105	1.1	0.9	1.2
Peru	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
United States of America	715	280	435	4.2	3.4	5.0
Other places of birth in Americas	635	340	295	3.7	4.1	3.4
Europe	4,380	2,125	2,255	25.8	25.6	25.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	90	30	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Germany	855	470	385	5.0	5.7	4.4
Greece	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	245	120	125	1.4	1.4	1.4
Poland	120	30	90	0.7	0.4	1.0
Portugal	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	280	125	150	1.6	1.5	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	450	210	240	2.6	2.5	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,785	875	910	10.5	10.6	10.4
Other places of birth in Europe	425	200	225	2.5	2.4	2.6
Africa	2,190	1,110	1,080	12.9	13.4	12.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	30	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
Egypt	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	255	140	110	1.5	1.7	1.3
Ethiopia	415	220	200	2.4	2.7	2.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	660	345	315	3.9	4.2	3.6
Somalia	80	20	60	0.5	0.2	0.7
South Africa, Republic of	265	135	130	1.6	1.6	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	460	205	255	2.7	2.5	2.9
Asia	7,320	3,585	3,735	43.1	43.3	42.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,120	530	585	6.6	6.4	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	3,775	1,825	1,955	22.2	22.0	22.4
Viet Nam	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,745	910	840	10.3	11.0	9.6
Pakistan	150	80	75	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	250	120	130	1.5	1.4	1.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,260	2,500	2,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	490	225	265	9.3	9.0	9.6
Brazil	50	25	20	1.0	1.0	0.7
Colombia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	25	45	1.2	1.0	1.6
Mexico	30	0	25	0.6	0.0	0.9
United States of America	125	55	70	2.4	2.2	2.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	205	115	95	3.9	4.6	3.4
Europe	390	200	190	7.4	8.0	6.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	105	50	55	2.0	2.0	2.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.5
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	30	25	1.0	1.2	0.9
Ukraine	70	40	30	1.3	1.6	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	25	1.3	1.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	25	0.8	0.4	0.9
Africa	1,135	530	605	21.6	21.2	21.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	175	90	85	3.3	3.6	3.1
Ethiopia	135	55	75	2.6	2.2	2.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	475	245	235	9.0	9.8	8.5
Somalia	70	10	60	1.3	0.4	2.2
South Africa, Republic of	95	45	50	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	40	30	15	0.8	1.2	0.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	40	75	2.2	1.6	2.7
Asia	3,225	1,540	1,680	61.3	61.6	60.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	80	100	3.3	3.2	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	960	455	505	18.3	18.2	18.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	1,950	935	1,010	37.1	37.4	36.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	25	0.9	1.0	0.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Oceania and other⁹³	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Australia	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,985	10,060	9,925	12.3	12.4	12.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,620	8,240	8,385	10.3	10.2	10.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125,515	62,575	62,940	77.4	77.4	77.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,480	7,600	7,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,035	6,160	5,875	77.7	81.1	74.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,470	3,290	1,180	28.9	43.3	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,560	2,870	4,695	48.8	37.8	59.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,375	890	1,490	15.3	11.7	18.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,010	535	475	6.5	7.0	6.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,480	7,600	7,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,030	1,905	1,125	19.6	25.1	14.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	440	210	230	2.8	2.8	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	535	330	205	3.5	4.3	2.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	11,325	5,095	6,230	73.2	67.0	79.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	162,125	80,875	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,035	8,930	8,110	10.5	11.0	10.0
South Asian	3,150	1,655	1,500	1.9	2.0	1.8
Chinese	1,780	870	905	1.1	1.1	1.1
Black	3,390	1,820	1,575	2.1	2.3	1.9
Filipino	4,975	2,635	2,340	3.1	3.3	2.9
Arab	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	2,440	1,280	1,165	1.5	1.6	1.4
Southeast Asian	405	205	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	395	205	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	145,090	71,950	73,135	89.5	89.0	90.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	162,125	80,880	81,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,045	8,645	8,395	10.5	10.7	10.3
English	42,015	20,230	21,785	25.9	25.0	26.8
Irish	26,415	12,390	14,025	16.3	15.3	17.3
Scottish	35,335	17,360	17,975	21.8	21.5	22.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,675	6,955	6,720	8.4	8.6	8.3
German	20,705	10,165	10,540	12.8	12.6	13.0
Chinese	1,965	970	990	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italian	1,080	565	520	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	2,085	1,075	1,010	1.3	1.3	1.2
Ukrainian	23,730	11,645	12,085	14.6	14.4	14.9
Dutch	4,975	2,350	2,625	3.1	2.9	3.2
Polish	9,340	4,460	4,875	5.8	5.5	6.0
Québécois	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,320	1,680	1,640	2.0	2.1	2.0
Filipino	4,785	2,595	2,190	3.0	3.2	2.7
French Canadian	660	335	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,630	1,450	1,185	1.6	1.8	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,935	3,510	3,425	4.3	4.3	4.2
Métis	11,285	5,560	5,725	7.0	6.9	7.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,740	850	890	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	3,585	1,875	1,710	2.2	2.3	2.1
Norwegian	3,175	1,440	1,730	2.0	1.8	2.1
Welsh	3,075	1,435	1,640	1.9	1.8	2.0
Portuguese	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	1,190	615	575	0.7	0.8	0.7
Spanish	635	335	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	2,985	1,430	1,555	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hungarian	1,015	430	590	0.6	0.5	0.7
Acadian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	555	310	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	185	130	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	575	290	280	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	3,270	1,500	1,770	2.0	1.9	2.2
Korean	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	820	395	425	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	110	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	680	345	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,160	545	610	0.7	0.7	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,555	1,295	1,260	1.6	1.6	1.6
Sikh	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	1,450	690	755	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	4,540	2,315	2,220	2.8	2.9	2.7
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	580	325	255	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexican	340	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	3,035	1,525	1,510	1.9	1.9	1.9
Swiss	710	390	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finnish	455	210	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	750	350	400	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	435	225	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	2,760	1,290	1,470	1.7	1.6	1.8
Colombian	320	130	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	460	215	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	5,495	2,555	2,945	3.4	3.2	3.6
Newfoundlander	85	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	545	270	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	155	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	90	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	790	405	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
African Caribbean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	335	190	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	440	215	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	280	170	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	160	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	210	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	40	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	605	270	335	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	450	205	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	180	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	80	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	925	495	430	0.6	0.6	0.5
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	450	235	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cherokee	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	260	115	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	162,125	80,875	81,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	88,450	41,925	46,520	54.6	51.8	57.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,990	6,835	7,160	8.6	8.5	8.8
Anabaptist	2,375	1,150	1,225	1.5	1.4	1.5
Anglican	5,795	2,460	3,335	3.6	3.0	4.1
Baptist	2,060	985	1,075	1.3	1.2	1.3
Catholic	28,140	14,005	14,130	17.4	17.3	17.4
Christian Orthodox	2,275	1,080	1,195	1.4	1.3	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	670	290	375	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	235	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	2,465	1,095	1,370	1.5	1.4	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,080	1,465	1,615	1.9	1.8	2.0
Presbyterian	1,455	645	805	0.9	0.8	1.0
Reformed	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	20,620	9,295	11,325	12.7	11.5	13.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,920	2,330	2,590	3.0	2.9	3.2
Hindu	2,025	1,120	905	1.2	1.4	1.1
Jewish	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	710	345	370	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	560	270	285	0.3	0.3	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	2,150	1,005	1,140	1.3	1.2	1.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	885	385	500	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	67,015	35,670	31,340	41.3	44.1	38.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	160,185	79,820	80,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	141,550	70,660	70,890	88.4	88.5	88.2
Movers	18,645	9,160	9,475	11.6	11.5	11.8
Non-migrants	10,235	5,090	5,140	6.4	6.4	6.4
Migrants	8,405	4,070	4,335	5.2	5.1	5.4
Internal migrants	7,410	3,550	3,855	4.6	4.4	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,520	2,570	2,950	3.4	3.2	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,885	980	905	1.2	1.2	1.1
External migrants	1,000	520	480	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	151,905	75,495	76,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,605	47,900	47,705	62.9	63.4	62.4
Movers	56,300	27,595	28,700	37.1	36.6	37.6
Non-migrants	22,040	10,860	11,185	14.5	14.4	14.6
Migrants	34,255	16,740	17,520	22.6	22.2	22.9
Internal migrants	28,755	13,965	14,790	18.9	18.5	19.4
Intraprovincial migrants	23,155	11,020	12,130	15.2	14.6	15.9
Interprovincial migrants	5,605	2,945	2,655	3.7	3.9	3.5
External migrants	5,505	2,775	2,730	3.6	3.7	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	130,135	64,265	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	32,260	18,280	13,980	24.8	28.4	21.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,870	45,990	51,885	75.2	71.6	78.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,745	39,745	40,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,875	7,910	4,965	16.1	19.9	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,875	31,835	35,035	83.9	80.1	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	130,130	64,270	65,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,865	16,280	12,585	22.2	25.3	19.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	42,735	21,610	21,125	32.8	33.6	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,530	26,380	32,155	45.0	41.0	48.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,185	18,520	20,665	30.1	28.8	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,310	7,340	2,965	7.9	11.4	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,315	2,390	1,925	3.3	3.7	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,995	4,950	1,040	4.6	7.7	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,345	9,645	15,700	19.5	15.0	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530	1,530	2,000	2.7	2.4	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,345	7,860	11,495	14.9	12.2	17.5
Bachelor's degree	14,125	5,540	8,590	10.9	8.6	13.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,420	575	845	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	315	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,830	1,260	1,570	2.2	2.0	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,745	39,745	40,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,255	6,920	4,330	14.1	17.4	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,290	13,845	12,445	33.0	34.8	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,200	18,970	23,225	52.9	47.7	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,085	13,090	13,995	34.0	32.9	35.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,035	5,135	1,905	8.8	12.9	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,705	1,545	1,160	3.4	3.9	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,335	3,585	745	5.4	9.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,005	7,020	10,985	22.6	17.7	27.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,045	945	1,105	2.6	2.4	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,115	5,880	9,230	19.0	14.8	23.1
Bachelor's degree	11,070	4,195	6,870	13.9	10.6	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	995	385	610	1.2	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	240	300	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,280	955	1,330	2.9	2.4	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	130,135	64,265	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	71,605	37,890	33,710	55.0	59.0	51.2
Education	6,110	1,565	4,540	4.7	2.4	6.9
13. Education	6,110	1,565	4,540	4.7	2.4	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	900	395	510	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	90	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	790	305	490	0.6	0.5	0.7
Humanities	1,940	835	1,105	1.5	1.3	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	255	55	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	600	210	390	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	515	295	220	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	280	160	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,175	1,220	2,955	3.2	1.9	4.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,330	80	1,245	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	565	100	465	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	675	195	480	0.5	0.3	0.7
45. Social sciences	1,125	645	480	0.9	1.0	0.7
Business, management and public administration	10,320	3,080	7,245	7.9	4.8	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	240	815	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,250	2,835	6,415	7.1	4.4	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,435	740	695	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	245	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	230	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	325	245	80	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,350	840	510	1.0	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,120	755	365	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,505	10,900	610	8.8	17.0	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	850	700	150	0.7	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,415	2,185	225	1.9	3.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,555	3,475	80	2.7	5.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,510	3,430	80	2.7	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,070	1,030	40	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,270	3,045	1,230	3.3	4.7	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,670	2,585	1,085	2.8	4.0	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	605	455	145	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	12,435	1,930	10,500	9.6	3.0	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	275	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,825	1,585	10,245	9.1	2.5	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,075	1,835	2,245	3.1	2.9	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,715	670	2,045	2.1	1.0	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	530	155	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	620	580	35	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,745	39,745	40,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,545	20,770	16,775	47.1	52.3	41.9
Education	3,685	960	2,725	4.6	2.4	6.8
13. Education	3,685	960	2,725	4.6	2.4	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	605	245	360	0.8	0.6	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	530	190	345	0.7	0.5	0.9
Humanities	1,355	570	785	1.7	1.4	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	190	30	155	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	385	125	260	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	365	210	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
54. History	210	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,305	900	2,410	4.1	2.3	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	70	1,050	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	455	65	390	0.6	0.2	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	470	120	355	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	845	465	375	1.1	1.2	0.9
Business, management and public administration	7,750	2,365	5,385	9.7	6.0	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	755	155	600	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,990	2,205	4,780	8.8	5.5	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,015	520	500	1.3	1.3	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	170	245	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	160	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	230	175	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,055	685	375	1.3	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	910	625	285	1.1	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,250	7,765	490	10.3	19.5	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	95	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	695	550	140	0.9	1.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,720	1,525	195	2.2	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,515	2,465	50	3.2	6.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,470	2,425	55	3.1	6.1	0.1
48. Precision production	755	735	25	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,185	2,130	1,050	4.0	5.4	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,725	1,805	920	3.4	4.5	2.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	325	135	0.6	0.8	0.3
Health and related fields	8,995	1,490	7,500	11.3	3.7	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	220	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,495	1,205	7,285	10.7	3.0	18.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,985	1,345	1,640	3.7	3.4	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,955	490	1,470	2.5	1.2	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	410	145	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	395	15	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	79,745	39,745	40,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,545	20,770	16,775	47.1	52.3	41.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,200	18,975	23,225	52.9	47.7	58.1
Location of study inside Canada	36,040	15,845	20,195	45.2	39.9	50.5
Same as province or territory of residence	29,820	12,785	17,030	37.4	32.2	42.6
Different than province or territory of residence	6,220	3,060	3,165	7.8	7.7	7.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,160	3,125	3,035	7.7	7.9	7.6
Americas	1,165	565	605	1.5	1.4	1.5
United States of America	810	385	425	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mexico	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,005	525	485	1.3	1.3	1.2
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	190	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Netherlands	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	215	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	595	305	290	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	290	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	3,330	1,705	1,625	4.2	4.3	4.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	245	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	1,795	980	820	2.3	2.5	2.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,055	525	535	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pakistan	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	130,130	64,270	65,870	...	...	...
In the labour force	82,625	43,945	38,685	...	...	...
Employed	77,235	41,075	36,160	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,390	2,870	2,520	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	47,505	20,325	27,185	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	68.4	58.7	63.5	68.4	58.7
Employment rate	59.4	63.9	54.9	59.4	63.9	54.9
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	130,135	64,265	65,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,430	20,455	26,970	36.4	31.8	40.9
Worked	82,705	43,810	38,895	63.6	68.2	59.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	45,900	27,165	18,740	35.3	42.3	28.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,805	16,650	20,155	28.3	25.9	30.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.9	40.8	41.9	42.9	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	82,630	43,945	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	640	680	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,310	43,310	38,000	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	67,060	33,880	33,185	81.2	77.1	85.8
Permanent position	55,395	28,420	26,980	67.0	64.7	69.7
Temporary position	11,665	5,465	6,205	14.1	12.4	16.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,230	1,335	1,895	3.9	3.0	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,440	4,130	4,305	10.2	9.4	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,245	9,425	4,820	17.2	21.4	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	82,630	43,945	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	640	680	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,310	43,310	38,000	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	545	290	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,625	2,310	7,320	11.6	5.3	18.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,605	2,000	605	3.2	4.6	1.6
3 Health occupations	7,615	1,195	6,415	9.2	2.7	16.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,955	3,715	7,245	13.3	8.5	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,180	440	735	1.4	1.0	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	18,620	7,510	11,110	22.5	17.1	28.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,755	13,825	925	17.9	31.5	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,470	8,270	2,205	12.7	18.8	5.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,930	3,750	1,180	6.0	8.5	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	82,630	43,945	38,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	640	680	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	81,310	43,310	38,000	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,245	7,665	2,580	12.4	17.4	6.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,380	1,260	120	1.7	2.9	0.3
22 Utilities	600	540	65	0.7	1.2	0.2
23 Construction	5,900	5,330	570	7.1	12.1	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,490	4,835	1,660	7.9	11.0	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,300	1,845	460	2.8	4.2	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	9,485	4,450	5,040	11.5	10.1	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,025	2,460	565	3.7	5.6	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	755	425	330	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,135	535	1,600	2.6	1.2	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	580	345	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,335	965	1,370	2.8	2.2	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,195	1,220	970	2.7	2.8	2.5
61 Educational services	6,800	2,025	4,775	8.2	4.6	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	12,910	2,015	10,890	15.6	4.6	28.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,200	660	540	1.5	1.5	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,360	1,680	2,680	5.3	3.8	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,135	1,705	1,430	3.8	3.9	3.7
91 Public administration	5,410	3,310	2,100	6.5	7.5	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	89,180	47,090	42,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,425	45,730	40,695	96.9	97.1	96.7
French	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	590	270	315	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,580	810	765	1.8	1.7	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	89,180	47,090	42,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	88,775	46,890	41,890	99.5	99.6	99.5
Official languages	88,190	46,550	41,640	98.9	98.9	98.9
English	87,890	46,450	41,445	98.6	98.6	98.5
French	300	100	200	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	585	340	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	535	315	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	125	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	120	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	110	105	0.3	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	195	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	89,180	47,090	42,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,315	46,135	41,180	97.9	98.0	97.8
English	330	190	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
French	405	200	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	1,020	515	505	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	815	435	380	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	77,235	41,075	36,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,650	6,630	5,020	15.1	16.1	13.9
Worked outside Canada	125	95	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,895	7,600	2,295	12.8	18.5	6.3
Usual place of work	55,565	26,750	28,815	71.9	65.1	79.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	55,565	26,750	28,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	37,130	17,410	19,725	66.8	65.1	68.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,810	5,685	6,130	21.3	21.3	21.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,805	3,000	2,805	10.4	11.2	9.7
Commute to a different province or territory	820	660	160	1.5	2.5	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	65,460	34,345	31,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	58,615	31,190	27,430	89.5	90.8	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	53,930	29,070	24,860	82.4	84.6	79.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,690	2,120	2,565	7.2	6.2	8.2
Public transit	950	430	525	1.5	1.3	1.7
Walked	4,535	1,950	2,585	6.9	5.7	8.3
Bicycle	400	260	140	0.6	0.8	0.5
Other method	955	520	435	1.5	1.5	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	65,460	34,345	31,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	38,625	19,010	19,615	59.0	55.4	63.1
15 to 29 minutes	15,660	8,445	7,215	23.9	24.6	23.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,405	3,670	2,740	9.8	10.7	8.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,215	1,350	870	3.4	3.9	2.8
60 minutes and over	2,555	1,875	680	3.9	5.5	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	65,460	34,345	31,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,205	2,320	895	4.9	6.8	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,095	6,400	3,695	15.4	18.6	11.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	19,040	10,975	8,065	29.1	32.0	25.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,290	7,230	10,060	26.4	21.1	32.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,955	2,710	4,245	10.6	7.9	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,870	4,715	4,160	13.6	13.7	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	38,490	19,935	18,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,550	1,335	1,220	6.6	6.7	6.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35,940	18,600	17,340	93.4	93.3	93.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	27,600	14,275	13,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,895	995	900	6.9	7.0	6.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,085	555	525	3.9	3.9	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	815	440	375	3.0	3.1	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,705	13,280	12,430	93.1	93.0	93.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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