Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Portage--LisgarMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	100,417	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	97,354	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,474	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,428	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12,559.18	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	100,420	50,040	50,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,060	11,765	11,290	23.0	23.5	22.4
0 to 4 years	7,280	3,710	3,565	7.2	7.4	7.1
5 to 9 years	8,000	4,110	3,895	8.0	8.2	7.7
10 to 14 years	7,785	3,950	3,835	7.8	7.9	7.6
15 to 64 years	61,430	30,890	30,540	61.2	61.7	60.6
15 to 19 years	7,025	3,685	3,340	7.0	7.4	6.6
20 to 24 years	6,150	3,290	2,855	6.1	6.6	5.7
25 to 29 years	6,005	3,045	2,955	6.0	6.1	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,385	3,115	3,265	6.4	6.2	6.5
35 to 39 years	6,400	3,180	3,220	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	5,870	2,900	2,970	5.8	5.8	5.9
45 to 49 years	5,635	2,795	2,845	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	5,605	2,805	2,800	5.6	5.6	5.6
55 to 59 years	6,175	3,025	3,150	6.1	6.0	6.3
60 to 64 years	6,180	3,050	3,135	6.2	6.1	6.2
65 years and over	15,925	7,385	8,540	15.9	14.8	17.0
65 to 69 years	5,020	2,485	2,540	5.0	5.0	5.0
70 to 74 years	4,010	1,945	2,060	4.0	3.9	4.1
75 to 79 years	2,825	1,340	1,490	2.8	2.7	3.0
80 to 84 years	1,995	900	1,095	2.0	1.8	2.2
85 years and over	2,070	715	1,360	2.1	1.4	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,160	445	715	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	670	210	460	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	210	50	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.0	23.5	22.4	23.0	23.5	22.4
15 to 64 years	61.2	61.7	60.6	61.2	61.7	60.6
65 years and over	15.9	14.8	17.0	15.9	14.8	17.0
85 years and over	2.1	1.4	2.7	2.1	1.4	2.7
Average age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	37.8	36.9	38.7
Median age of the population	36.0	35.2	37.2	36.0	35.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,910	...	...	78.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,325	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	1,810	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,515	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	635	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,045	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,680	...	...	24.5	...	...
2 persons	12,500	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	4,610	...	...	13.0	...	...
4 persons	4,895	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,745	...	...	13.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,580	47,480	47,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	77,355	38,275	39,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,010	24,410	24,600	63.4	63.8	62.9
Married	44,225	22,025	22,200	57.2	57.5	56.8
Living common-law	4,780	2,380	2,400	6.2	6.2	6.1
Living common law - Never married	3,415	1,700	1,720	4.4	4.4	4.4
Living common law - Separated	245	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	995	510	485	1.3	1.3	1.2
Living common law - Widowed	120	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	28,350	13,865	14,480	36.6	36.2	37.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,095	11,120	8,980	26.0	29.1	23.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,470	685	785	1.9	1.8	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,770	1,210	1,560	3.6	3.2	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,010	845	3,165	5.2	2.2	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,680	...	...	48.4	...	...
3 persons	4,505	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	4,775	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	4,235	...	...	16.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,220	...	...	88.6	...	...
Married couples	20,835	...	...	79.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,140	...	...	42.5	...	...
Without children	9,690	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,395	...	...	9.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,045	...	...	4.0	...	...
Without children	1,345	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,970	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,245	...	...	8.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	720	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,580	47,480	47,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	82,250	41,350	40,890	87.0	87.1	86.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,445	23,210	23,235	49.1	48.9	49.3
Parents in one-parent families	2,970	720	2,250	3.1	1.5	4.8
Children⁶	32,830	17,425	15,410	34.7	36.7	32.7
In a two-parent family	27,675	14,625	13,045	29.3	30.8	27.7
In a one-parent family	5,160	2,800	2,360	5.5	5.9	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,330	6,125	6,205	13.0	12.9	13.2
Living alone	8,680	4,080	4,595	9.2	8.6	9.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,735	860	875	1.8	1.8	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,915	1,185	730	2.0	2.5	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,410	...	...	68.9	...	...
Couple-family households	22,040	...	...	62.2	...	...
With children⁶	11,555	...	...	32.6	...	...
Without children	10,480	...	...	29.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,375	...	...	6.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	475	...	...	1.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	810	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	955	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	8,675	...	...	24.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,015	36,490	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,705	35,380	35,320	96.8	97.0	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,400	32,000	38,800	46,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,805	35,435	35,375	97.0	97.1	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,400	34,400	40,400	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,345	33,190	31,155	88.1	91.0	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,400	24,200	33,200	42,400	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,475	28,925	24,550	73.2	79.3	67.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,400	25,600	34,800	42,400	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,075	31,360	31,715	86.4	85.9	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	3,360	9,700	6,850	3,360	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,555	4,055	3,495	10.3	11.1	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,880	4,320	4,560	4,880	4,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,805	5,750	7,060	17.5	15.8	19.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,000	6,500	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,095	36,570	36,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,775	35,455	35,320	96.8	97.0	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	54,750	39,800	47,320	54,750	39,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,860	35,495	35,360	96.9	97.1	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	44,600	33,960	39,280	44,600	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,640	33,305	31,335	88.4	91.1	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	50,960	33,560	42,520	50,960	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,485	28,935	24,550	73.2	79.1	67.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,080	49,400	33,440	42,080	49,400	33,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,180	31,555	31,630	86.4	86.3	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,470	7,730	11,200	9,470	7,730	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,730	4,320	3,410	10.6	11.8	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,900	5,710	6,140	5,900	5,710	6,140
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,865	5,875	6,985	17.6	16.1	19.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,730	7,590	7,850	7,730	7,590	7,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,095	36,575	36,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,940	17,280	9,660	36.9	47.2	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,200	46,800	52,000	55,200	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,650	64,700	53,350	60,650	64,700	53,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,155	8,755	11,395	27.6	23.9	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	21,200	15,900	18,000	21,200	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,900	28,800	21,920	24,900	28,800	21,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	87.4	74.8	82.2	87.4	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	73.6	58.4	67.2	73.6	58.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.9	12.6	25.2	17.9	12.6	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.0	5.6	4.1	3.0	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.3	3.9	3.0	2.3	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,020	36,490	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,315	1,110	1,210	3.2	3.0	3.3
With total income	70,700	35,385	35,320	96.8	97.0	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,570	2,740	3,830	9.3	7.7	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,985	3,300	5,690	12.7	9.3	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,305	4,455	6,850	16.0	12.6	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,750	4,175	5,575	13.8	11.8	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,185	4,930	4,255	13.0	13.9	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,095	4,230	2,860	10.0	12.0	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,045	3,120	1,925	7.1	8.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,460	2,255	1,210	4.9	6.4	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,635	1,025	3.8	4.6	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	1,135	835	2.8	3.2	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,675	3,410	1,265	6.6	9.6	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,340	2,370	975	4.7	6.7	2.8
$150,000 and over	1,335	1,040	290	1.9	2.9	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,020	36,490	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,210	1,050	1,155	3.0	2.9	3.2
With after-tax income	70,810	35,435	35,370	97.0	97.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,955	2,885	4,070	9.8	8.1	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,810	3,660	6,150	13.9	10.3	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,215	5,260	7,955	18.7	14.8	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,015	5,760	6,260	17.0	16.3	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,220	5,975	4,240	14.4	16.9	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,850	4,215	2,630	9.7	11.9	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,320	2,715	1,605	6.1	7.7	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,930	1,735	1,190	4.1	4.9	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	1,075	520	2.3	3.0	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	990	705	280	1.4	2.0	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,905	1,440	465	2.7	4.1	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	990	725	265	1.4	2.0	0.7
$125,000 and over	915	720	200	1.3	2.0	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,020	36,490	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,545	7,565	11,980	26.8	20.7	32.8
With employment income	53,475	28,925	24,545	73.2	79.3	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,635	2,890	3,745	12.4	10.0	15.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,185	1,655	2,535	7.8	5.7	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,950	3,015	3,935	13.0	10.4	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,065	2,600	3,465	11.3	9.0	14.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,265	3,255	3,010	11.7	11.3	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,005	3,730	2,280	11.2	12.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,590	3,000	1,590	8.6	10.4	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,345	2,305	1,040	6.3	8.0	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,380	1,605	775	4.5	5.5	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	1,285	790	3.9	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	910	595	2.8	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,470	2,680	790	6.5	9.3	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,825	1,355	475	3.4	4.7	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,640	1,325	315	3.1	4.6	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,015	36,490	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,470	34,200	34,270	93.8	93.7	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	30,000	37,200	45,200	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,490	34,200	34,290	93.8	93.7	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,200	27,400	32,800	39,200	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,915	32,360	30,550	86.2	88.7	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,800	25,400	34,000	42,800	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,045	28,540	24,510	72.6	78.2	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,800	26,400	34,800	42,800	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,580	29,480	29,100	80.2	80.8	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	1,140	7,100	3,400	1,140	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,450	2,775	2,680	7.5	7.6	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,800	4,760	5,280	5,800	4,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,095	36,570	36,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,460	34,305	34,155	93.7	93.8	93.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	53,750	37,360	45,560	53,750	37,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,480	34,305	34,175	93.7	93.8	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	43,600	32,000	37,800	43,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,035	32,510	30,525	86.2	88.9	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	51,550	33,200	42,680	51,550	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,120	28,695	24,425	72.7	78.5	66.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	49,520	33,360	42,080	49,520	33,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,980	29,810	29,175	80.7	81.5	79.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	5,610	9,000	7,290	5,610	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,560	2,805	2,755	7.6	7.7	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,660	7,330	6,990	6,660	7,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,095	36,575	36,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,820	17,235	9,590	36.7	47.1	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	53,200	44,000	50,000	53,200	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,650	61,950	49,880	57,650	61,950	49,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,680	8,050	10,625	25.6	22.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	25,600	19,600	21,600	25,600	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	34,680	25,040	29,200	34,680	25,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	91.0	79.4	86.2	91.0	79.4
Employment income (%)	71.6	77.0	63.8	71.6	77.0	63.8
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.1	20.6	13.8	9.1	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,840	...	...	46,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,000	...	...	39,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,385	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,200	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,380	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,490	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,420	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,920	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,935	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,765	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,360	...	...	34.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,370	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,840	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,085	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,065	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	525	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,495	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,685	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,530	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515	...	...	9.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,285	...	...	9.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,300	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,865	...	...	25.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,935	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,300	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,630	...	...	7.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,595	5,265	5,330	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	42,000	34,400	38,000	42,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,400	31,400	33,600	36,400	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...	109,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,485	5,135	5,345	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	47,680	42,840	45,200	47,680	42,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,920	39,640	36,240	37,920	39,640	36,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,580	47,480	47,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,605	13,100	12,505	27.1	27.6	26.6
0 to 5 years	8,225	4,170	4,055	8.7	8.8	8.6
18 to 64 years	54,465	27,450	27,015	57.6	57.8	57.4
65 years and over	14,510	6,930	7,585	15.3	14.6	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,075	6,145	6,935	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,475	2,275	2,200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,705	840	860	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,025	2,845	3,175	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,580	1,020	1,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.8	12.9	14.7	13.8	12.9	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.5	17.4	17.6	17.5	17.4	17.6
0 to 5 years (%)	20.7	20.2	21.2	20.7	20.2	21.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.4	11.8	11.1	10.4	11.8
65 years and over (%)	17.8	14.7	20.6	17.8	14.7	20.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,915	46,625	46,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,895	12,725	12,170	26.8	27.3	26.3
0 to 5 years	7,990	4,035	3,955	8.6	8.7	8.5
18 to 64 years	53,590	27,015	26,575	57.7	57.9	57.4
65 years and over	14,425	6,890	7,540	15.5	14.8	16.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,635	1,345	1,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	610	305	305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	95	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,795	930	870	...	...	...
65 years and over	235	110	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.6	2.3	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,575	47,480	47,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,765	29,565	30,205	63.2	62.3	64.1
In bottom decile	10,225	4,875	5,350	10.8	10.3	11.4
In second decile	14,620	7,030	7,590	15.5	14.8	16.1
In third decile	12,895	6,410	6,485	13.6	13.5	13.8
In fourth decile	11,575	5,860	5,715	12.2	12.3	12.1
In fifth decile	10,450	5,385	5,065	11.0	11.3	10.8
In top half of the distribution	34,815	17,915	16,895	36.8	37.7	35.9
In sixth decile	9,065	4,655	4,415	9.6	9.8	9.4
In seventh decile	8,295	4,235	4,060	8.8	8.9	8.6
In eighth decile	6,950	3,535	3,415	7.3	7.4	7.3
In ninth decile	6,090	3,190	2,900	6.4	6.7	6.2
In top decile	4,415	2,305	2,105	4.7	4.9	4.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,580	...	...	94,580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,395	49,615	49,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	91,265	45,705	45,555	91.8	92.1	91.5
French only	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
English and French	6,665	3,155	3,510	6.7	6.4	7.1
Neither English nor French	1,430	730	695	1.4	1.5	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,395	49,615	49,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,050	47,370	47,680	95.6	95.5	95.8
French	2,795	1,455	1,335	2.8	2.9	2.7
English and French	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,410	720	690	1.4	1.5	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,395	49,615	49,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,760	48,295	48,465	97.3	97.3	97.4
Official languages	70,685	35,460	35,230	71.1	71.5	70.8
English	67,770	33,950	33,820	68.2	68.4	67.9
French	2,915	1,510	1,405	2.9	3.0	2.8
Non-official languages	26,075	12,840	13,235	26.2	25.9	26.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	315	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	280	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	250	110	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,740	12,690	13,050	25.9	25.6	26.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,360	680	675	1.4	1.4	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,195	600	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Waray-Waray	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,465	11,535	11,935	23.6	23.2	24.0
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,955	980	980	2.0	2.0	2.0
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,950	975	975	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belarusian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,480	740	740	1.5	1.5	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	310	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	19,875	9,630	10,245	20.0	19.4	20.6
Frisian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	11,610	5,535	6,070	11.7	11.2	12.2
German	11,590	5,525	6,065	11.7	11.1	12.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	8,040	3,985	4,055	8.1	8.0	8.1
Afrikaans	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	1,335	650	690	1.3	1.3	1.4
Low Saxon	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	6,180	3,075	3,110	6.2	6.2	6.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	875	485	390	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	820	455	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	250	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	730	420	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	530	320	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,640	1,320	1,320	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	525	275	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,800	890	910	1.8	1.8	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,395	49,615	49,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,910	38,090	37,820	76.4	76.8	76.0
French	735	365	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	7,510	3,635	3,875	7.6	7.3	7.8
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,485	3,620	3,860	7.5	7.3	7.8
English and French	1,450	705	750	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	12,695	6,295	6,405	12.8	12.7	12.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	910	440	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,395	49,615	49,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,900	48,365	48,535	97.5	97.5	97.5
Official languages	83,370	41,730	41,635	83.9	84.1	83.6
English	82,310	41,200	41,105	82.8	83.0	82.6
French	1,060	535	535	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official languages	13,530	6,635	6,895	13.6	13.4	13.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,475	6,605	6,870	13.6	13.3	13.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	915	480	430	0.9	1.0	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	835	440	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,975	5,830	6,150	12.0	11.8	12.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150	595	550	1.2	1.2	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,150	600	555	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	960	505	460	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	9,635	4,545	5,090	9.7	9.2	10.2
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	6,930	3,215	3,710	7.0	6.5	7.5
German	6,930	3,215	3,715	7.0	6.5	7.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,520	1,245	1,275	2.5	2.5	2.6
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	590	300	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low Saxon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	1,805	895	920	1.8	1.8	1.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	715	390	320	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	675	375	300	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	390	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	450	280	170	0.5	0.6	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	355	235	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,500	1,255	1,250	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,200	1,110	1,090	2.2	2.2	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,395	49,615	49,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,315	43,165	43,150	86.8	87.0	86.7
English	4,655	2,330	2,325	4.7	4.7	4.7
French	945	445	500	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	6,100	2,965	3,130	6.1	6.0	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,915	2,880	3,035	6.0	5.8	6.1
English and French	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	785	395	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	475	245	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,550	47,470	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	93,415	46,915	46,500	98.8	98.8	98.8
English	93,385	46,915	46,470	98.8	98.8	98.7
French	6,895	3,365	3,525	7.3	7.1	7.5
Non-official languages	26,520	13,400	13,125	28.0	28.2	27.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	300	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	535	270	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	485	260	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	450	240	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	380	200	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,960	13,100	12,850	27.5	27.6	27.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	515	295	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	425	240	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,870	955	910	2.0	2.0	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,765	900	870	1.9	1.9	1.8
Waray-Waray	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,925	11,600	11,325	24.2	24.4	24.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,875	1,425	1,455	3.0	3.0	3.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,875	1,425	1,455	3.0	3.0	3.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	2,520	1,260	1,260	2.7	2.7	2.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	19,130	9,675	9,445	20.2	20.4	20.1
Frisian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10,640	5,370	5,270	11.3	11.3	11.2
German	10,615	5,345	5,265	11.2	11.3	11.2
Pennsylvania German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	9,740	4,910	4,835	10.3	10.3	10.3
Afrikaans	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	470	245	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	1,345	650	695	1.4	1.4	1.5
Low Saxon	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	7,840	3,960	3,880	8.3	8.3	8.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	610	530	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	590	510	1.2	1.2	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	560	320	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	660	365	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,930	1,110	825	2.0	2.3	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,650	955	695	1.7	2.0	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	240	115	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	170	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	105	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,550	47,475	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,835	5,360	5,475	11.5	11.3	11.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,650	5,275	5,375	11.3	11.1	11.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,945	2,470	2,475	5.2	5.2	5.3
Métis	5,670	2,780	2,885	6.0	5.9	6.1
Inuk (Inuit)	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	83,710	42,105	41,600	88.5	88.7	88.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,550	47,475	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,525	2,240	2,285	4.8	4.7	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,025	45,230	44,790	95.2	95.3	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,570	...	...	77.8	...	...
Renter	7,415	...	...	20.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	445	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,425	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not condominium	33,005	...	...	93.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,675	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,760	...	...	21.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,855	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,990	...	...	36.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,785	...	...	19.2	...	...
5 rooms	4,945	...	...	14.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,265	...	...	14.9	...	...
7 rooms	4,830	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,595	...	...	38.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,595	...	...	97.7	...	...
More than one person per room	835	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,980	...	...	95.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,445	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,780	...	...	22.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,010	...	...	28.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,930	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,790	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,815	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,735	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,795	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,575	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,340	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,090	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,760	...	...	50.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,695	...	...	47.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	975	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,350	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,455	...	...	15.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,125	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,140	...	...	17.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,740	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,325	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,915	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,380	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	33,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,525	...	...	85.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,695	...	...	14.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,340	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,740	...	...	21.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,355	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,210	...	...	3.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,690	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,685	...	...	78.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,940	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	30,920	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.0	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,117	...	...	1,117	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	296,000	...	...	296,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	314,400	...	...	314,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,320	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	932	...	...	932	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	445	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	21	...	...	21	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	170	...	...	170	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,550	47,470	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,560	2,830	2,725	5.9	6.0	5.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,460	2,795	2,660	5.8	5.9	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,940	2,020	1,915	4.2	4.3	4.1
Métis single ancestry	1,505	770	740	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,530	2,610	2,925	5.8	5.5	6.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,345	2,525	2,820	5.7	5.3	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	915	1,035	2.1	1.9	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,355	1,605	1,755	3.5	3.4	3.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	83,460	42,030	41,430	88.3	88.5	88.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,550	47,470	47,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,020	44,135	43,885	93.1	93.0	93.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,320	12,485	11,835	25.7	26.3	25.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,700	31,645	32,055	67.4	66.7	68.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,525	3,335	3,190	6.9	7.0	6.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,550	47,470	47,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	79,710	40,055	39,655	84.3	84.4	84.2
Immigrants⁸¹	14,140	6,960	7,180	15.0	14.7	15.3
Before 1980	2,065	1,035	1,030	2.2	2.2	2.2
1980 to 1990	825	390	435	0.9	0.8	0.9
1991 to 2000	970	465	510	1.0	1.0	1.1
2001 to 2010	4,935	2,480	2,455	5.2	5.2	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,345	2,590	2,755	5.7	5.5	5.9
2011 to 2015	2,045	970	1,075	2.2	2.0	2.3
2016 to 2021	3,300	1,620	1,675	3.5	3.4	3.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	695	455	235	0.7	1.0	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,145	6,955	7,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,005	1,000	1,010	14.2	14.4	14.1
5 to 14 years	3,920	1,990	1,930	27.7	28.6	26.9
15 to 24 years	2,425	1,190	1,235	17.1	17.1	17.2
25 to 44 years	4,955	2,375	2,580	35.0	34.1	35.9
45 years and over	835	410	425	5.9	5.9	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,145	6,955	7,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,270	2,545	2,730	37.3	36.6	38.0
Brazil	80	45	30	0.6	0.6	0.4
Colombia	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
El Salvador	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	3,680	1,795	1,885	26.0	25.8	26.2
Peru	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	465	170	295	3.3	2.4	4.1
Other places of birth in Americas	935	450	485	6.6	6.5	6.8
Europe	4,315	2,120	2,190	30.5	30.5	30.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Germany	1,925	1,005	920	13.6	14.5	12.8
Greece	30	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Italy	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Netherlands	265	145	120	1.9	2.1	1.7
Poland	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portugal	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	785	360	430	5.5	5.2	6.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	395	190	205	2.8	2.7	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	420	170	250	3.0	2.4	3.5
Other places of birth in Europe	245	125	125	1.7	1.8	1.7
Africa	525	280	250	3.7	4.0	3.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Egypt	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	75	55	15	0.5	0.8	0.2
Ethiopia	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	130	60	70	0.9	0.9	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	65	40	0.7	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	90	45	50	0.6	0.6	0.7
Asia	3,970	1,980	1,995	28.1	28.5	27.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	95	45	45	0.7	0.6	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,610	765	845	11.4	11.0	11.8
Viet Nam	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	630	350	285	4.5	5.0	4.0
Pakistan	105	60	45	0.7	0.9	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,245	645	600	8.8	9.3	8.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,305	1,625	1,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	615	290	325	18.6	17.8	19.3
Brazil	70	35	35	2.1	2.2	2.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	305	145	160	9.2	8.9	9.5
United States of America	60	25	40	1.8	1.5	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	170	80	95	5.1	4.9	5.7
Europe	645	320	320	19.5	19.7	19.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	190	95	90	5.7	5.8	5.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	45	50	2.9	2.8	3.0
Ukraine	225	110	120	6.8	6.8	7.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	120	65	55	3.6	4.0	3.3
Africa	215	120	95	6.5	7.4	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	40	30	10	1.2	1.8	0.6
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	80	40	40	2.4	2.5	2.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	1.2	1.8	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,815	885	935	54.9	54.5	55.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	335	195	145	10.1	12.0	8.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Israel	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	30	1.4	0.6	1.8
Lebanon	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	15	10	0.9	0.9	0.6
Philippines	1,015	480	535	30.7	29.5	31.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	45	2.6	2.5	2.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	200	100	95	6.1	6.2	5.7
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,550	47,470	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,605	8,385	8,220	17.6	17.7	17.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,100	8,155	7,945	17.0	17.2	16.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	61,840	30,930	30,910	65.4	65.2	65.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,075	5,925	6,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,120	4,140	3,980	67.2	69.9	64.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,475	1,795	680	20.5	30.3	11.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,640	2,345	3,295	46.7	39.6	53.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,865	1,235	1,630	23.7	20.8	26.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	625	330	300	5.2	5.6	4.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	465	225	240	3.9	3.8	3.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,075	5,925	6,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	175	80	95	1.4	1.4	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,455	840	615	12.0	14.2	10.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	335	195	145	2.8	3.3	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	260	130	125	2.2	2.2	2.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	290	95	185	2.4	1.6	3.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,565	4,590	4,975	79.2	77.5	80.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,550	47,475	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,905	3,055	2,850	6.2	6.4	6.1
South Asian	1,425	740	680	1.5	1.6	1.4
Chinese	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	750	405	340	0.8	0.9	0.7
Filipino	2,040	1,085	950	2.2	2.3	2.0
Arab	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	605	305	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,645	44,420	44,225	93.8	93.6	93.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,550	47,470	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,285	6,220	6,070	13.0	13.1	12.9
English	14,000	6,830	7,165	14.8	14.4	15.2
Irish	9,265	4,335	4,930	9.8	9.1	10.5
Scottish	12,520	6,005	6,515	13.2	12.7	13.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,205	4,180	4,020	8.7	8.8	8.5
German	18,700	9,260	9,435	19.8	19.5	20.0
Chinese	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italian	780	415	365	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indian (India)	765	385	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	7,165	3,510	3,655	7.6	7.4	7.8
Dutch	5,385	2,670	2,715	5.7	5.6	5.8
Polish	3,050	1,470	1,580	3.2	3.1	3.4
Québécois	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,585	795	790	1.7	1.7	1.7
Filipino	1,950	1,030	920	2.1	2.2	2.0
French Canadian	775	390	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,120	1,030	1,090	2.2	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,985	1,050	940	2.1	2.2	2.0
Métis	5,155	2,485	2,665	5.5	5.2	5.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,765	870	890	1.9	1.8	1.9
Russian	10,115	5,025	5,090	10.7	10.6	10.8
Norwegian	1,265	600	670	1.3	1.3	1.4
Welsh	980	475	505	1.0	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
American	755	355	405	0.8	0.7	0.9
Spanish	540	250	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	1,045	415	630	1.1	0.9	1.3
Hungarian	360	140	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Acadian	65	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	155	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	295	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	920	390	525	1.0	0.8	1.1
Korean	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,285	655	630	1.4	1.4	1.3
Danish	520	225	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	620	285	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	650	320	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belgian	2,480	1,350	1,130	2.6	2.8	2.4
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	175	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	3,730	1,855	1,880	3.9	3.9	4.0
Mennonite	15,330	7,700	7,630	16.2	16.2	16.2
Swiss	765	425	340	0.8	0.9	0.7
Finnish	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,345	640	710	1.4	1.3	1.5
Colombian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	250	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	2,055	1,015	1,040	2.2	2.1	2.2
Newfoundlander	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	245	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	945	470	480	1.0	1.0	1.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	375	170	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,550	47,475	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	67,110	32,930	34,180	71.0	69.4	72.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	27,105	13,690	13,415	28.7	28.8	28.5
Anabaptist	9,875	4,815	5,065	10.4	10.1	10.8
Anglican	1,655	760	900	1.8	1.6	1.9
Baptist	1,875	925	955	2.0	1.9	2.0
Catholic	11,135	5,580	5,560	11.8	11.8	11.8
Christian Orthodox	625	290	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,620	715	905	1.7	1.5	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,445	705	740	1.5	1.5	1.6
Presbyterian	345	145	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	670	385	290	0.7	0.8	0.6
United Church	6,175	2,760	3,415	6.5	5.8	7.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,235	2,035	2,205	4.5	4.3	4.7
Hindu	355	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	590	275	315	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	530	300	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	430	215	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	390	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	24,985	13,305	11,680	26.4	28.0	24.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,175	46,775	46,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	82,040	41,320	40,715	88.0	88.3	87.8
Movers	11,135	5,450	5,685	12.0	11.7	12.3
Non-migrants	5,715	2,850	2,855	6.1	6.1	6.2
Migrants	5,425	2,600	2,825	5.8	5.6	6.1
Internal migrants	4,935	2,375	2,565	5.3	5.1	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,130	1,960	2,165	4.4	4.2	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	810	410	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	485	225	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	87,870	44,140	43,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,085	27,940	27,145	62.7	63.3	62.1
Movers	32,785	16,200	16,585	37.3	36.7	37.9
Non-migrants	10,615	5,175	5,440	12.1	11.7	12.4
Migrants	22,170	11,020	11,145	25.2	25.0	25.5
Internal migrants	18,750	9,225	9,525	21.3	20.9	21.8
Intraprovincial migrants	16,320	8,015	8,305	18.6	18.2	19.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,430	1,210	1,220	2.8	2.7	2.8
External migrants	3,420	1,795	1,625	3.9	4.1	3.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,095	36,570	36,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,730	11,565	9,165	28.4	31.6	25.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,370	25,010	27,355	71.6	68.4	74.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,150	23,010	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,450	5,525	3,930	20.5	24.0	17.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,700	17,485	19,215	79.5	76.0	83.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,095	36,570	36,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,940	10,535	8,410	25.9	28.8	23.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,705	11,965	11,735	32.4	32.7	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,450	14,070	16,380	41.7	38.5	44.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,790	9,610	10,180	27.1	26.3	27.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,185	3,530	1,660	7.1	9.7	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,335	1,225	1,110	3.2	3.3	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,855	2,305	550	3.9	6.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,050	4,660	7,390	16.5	12.7	20.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,550	1,420	1,130	3.5	3.9	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,660	4,460	6,200	14.6	12.2	17.0
Bachelor's degree	7,900	3,280	4,620	10.8	9.0	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	365	550	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,425	600	830	1.9	1.6	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	80	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,155	23,005	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,545	4,985	3,555	18.5	21.7	15.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,910	7,720	7,190	32.3	33.6	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,700	10,295	12,405	49.2	44.8	53.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,095	6,830	7,265	30.5	29.7	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,585	2,455	1,130	7.8	10.7	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,555	815	735	3.4	3.5	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,035	1,640	395	4.4	7.1	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,880	3,470	5,415	19.2	15.1	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,620	900	720	3.5	3.9	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,605	3,470	5,140	18.6	15.1	22.2
Bachelor's degree	6,360	2,550	3,805	13.8	11.1	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	720	280	445	1.6	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	110	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	1,200	475	720	2.6	2.1	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,095	36,570	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,645	22,505	20,145	58.3	61.5	55.2
Education	3,250	825	2,430	4.4	2.3	6.7
13. Education	3,250	825	2,430	4.4	2.3	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	490	200	290	0.7	0.5	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	435	150	285	0.6	0.4	0.8
Humanities	1,550	730	815	2.1	2.0	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	135	25	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	325	135	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	640	355	290	0.9	1.0	0.8
54. History	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,165	675	1,495	3.0	1.8	4.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	685	35	640	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	260	65	190	0.4	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	360	105	260	0.5	0.3	0.7
45. Social sciences	585	350	240	0.8	1.0	0.7
Business, management and public administration	5,360	1,860	3,500	7.3	5.1	9.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	595	100	495	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,755	1,760	2,990	6.5	4.8	8.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	640	275	370	0.9	0.8	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	105	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	640	385	260	0.9	1.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	530	345	180	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,995	5,585	415	8.2	15.3	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	685	590	90	0.9	1.6	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,210	1,055	155	1.7	2.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,550	1,475	75	2.1	4.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,810	1,790	15	2.5	4.9	0.0
48. Precision production	660	635	30	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,540	1,890	655	3.5	5.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,410	1,800	610	3.3	4.9	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	90	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,955	850	5,100	8.1	2.3	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,640	725	4,920	7.7	2.0	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,845	790	1,050	2.5	2.2	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	245	940	1.6	0.7	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	275	80	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	260	30	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,150	23,005	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,450	12,710	10,740	50.8	55.2	46.4
Education	2,190	540	1,655	4.7	2.3	7.2
13. Education	2,190	540	1,655	4.7	2.3	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	140	225	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	330	105	225	0.7	0.5	1.0
Humanities	1,070	490	575	2.3	2.1	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	240	165	0.9	1.0	0.7
54. History	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,800	520	1,280	3.9	2.3	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	30	550	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	230	60	170	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	285	85	210	0.6	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	465	260	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
Business, management and public administration	4,275	1,475	2,805	9.3	6.4	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	55	395	1.0	0.2	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,815	1,420	2,395	8.3	6.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	505	205	300	1.1	0.9	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	60	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	510	300	205	1.1	1.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	445	290	160	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,400	4,055	350	9.5	17.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	595	515	85	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	890	765	125	1.9	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,115	1,055	60	2.4	4.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,225	1,215	10	2.7	5.3	0.0
48. Precision production	490	470	20	1.1	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,875	1,315	555	4.1	5.7	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,760	1,235	525	3.8	5.4	2.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	85	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	4,315	645	3,670	9.3	2.8	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,065	540	3,525	8.8	2.3	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,390	615	775	3.0	2.7	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	855	170	685	1.9	0.7	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	230	65	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	205	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,150	23,005	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,450	12,710	10,740	50.8	55.2	46.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,700	10,300	12,400	49.2	44.8	53.6
Location of study inside Canada	19,035	8,420	10,610	41.2	36.6	45.8
Same as province or territory of residence	16,735	7,325	9,410	36.3	31.8	40.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,300	1,100	1,210	5.0	4.8	5.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,670	1,880	1,790	8.0	8.2	7.7
Americas	610	300	315	1.3	1.3	1.4
United States of America	465	240	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,225	670	560	2.7	2.9	2.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	560	320	240	1.2	1.4	1.0
Netherlands	80	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	220	110	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	175	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Nigeria	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	1,615	805	805	3.5	3.5	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	860	440	420	1.9	1.9	1.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	375	190	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	205	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Oceania	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,095	36,570	36,520	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,265	26,790	21,480	...	...	...
Employed	45,630	25,520	20,110	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,640	1,275	1,370	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,830	9,785	15,050	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	73.3	58.8	66.0	73.3	58.8
Employment rate	62.4	69.8	55.1	62.4	69.8	55.1
Unemployment rate	5.5	4.8	6.4	5.5	4.8	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,095	36,570	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,205	9,565	14,640	33.1	26.2	40.1
Worked	48,890	27,005	21,885	66.9	73.8	59.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,645	17,710	9,930	37.8	48.4	27.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,245	9,295	11,950	29.1	25.4	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.8	41.1	42.6	43.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,265	26,790	21,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	690	305	385	1.4	1.1	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,580	26,480	21,095	98.6	98.8	98.2
Employee	39,200	20,975	18,230	81.2	78.3	84.9
Permanent position	33,275	18,130	15,140	68.9	67.7	70.5
Temporary position	5,925	2,845	3,090	12.3	10.6	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	570	860	3.0	2.1	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,495	2,270	2,225	9.3	8.5	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,375	5,510	2,860	17.4	20.6	13.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,265	26,790	21,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	690	305	385	1.4	1.1	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,580	26,480	21,095	98.6	98.8	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	515	325	190	1.1	1.2	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,475	1,960	4,520	13.4	7.3	21.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,900	1,480	420	3.9	5.5	2.0
3 Health occupations	3,815	615	3,195	7.9	2.3	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,660	1,710	3,955	11.7	6.4	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	725	285	440	1.5	1.1	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,940	4,035	5,905	20.6	15.1	27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,160	9,590	570	21.1	35.8	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,480	3,515	960	9.3	13.1	4.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,905	2,970	935	8.1	11.1	4.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,265	26,790	21,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	690	305	385	1.4	1.1	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	47,580	26,480	21,095	98.6	98.8	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,420	3,920	1,500	11.2	14.6	7.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	100	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	250	210	30	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	4,270	3,820	455	8.8	14.3	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	6,500	5,050	1,445	13.5	18.9	6.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,680	1,310	375	3.5	4.9	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	4,650	2,305	2,350	9.6	8.6	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,350	1,925	425	4.9	7.2	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	405	200	205	0.8	0.7	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,175	465	715	2.4	1.7	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	380	205	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,550	685	870	3.2	2.6	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,350	690	655	2.8	2.6	3.1
61 Educational services	3,785	1,005	2,775	7.8	3.8	12.9
62 Health care and social assistance	6,570	1,050	5,525	13.6	3.9	25.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	565	335	235	1.2	1.3	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,140	690	1,450	4.4	2.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,210	1,260	950	4.6	4.7	4.4
91 Public administration	2,180	1,245	940	4.5	4.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,180	28,635	23,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,840	26,825	22,010	93.6	93.7	93.5
French	315	155	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	300	185	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	290	175	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	960	420	540	1.8	1.5	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,730	1,030	700	3.3	3.6	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,180	28,635	23,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,775	28,385	23,390	99.2	99.1	99.3
Official languages	51,215	28,035	23,185	98.2	97.9	98.5
English	50,690	27,800	22,890	97.1	97.1	97.2
French	525	235	285	1.0	0.8	1.2
Non-official languages	560	350	210	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	545	340	205	1.0	1.2	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	535	335	195	1.0	1.2	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	290	145	0.8	1.0	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	155	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
German	260	155	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	135	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	140	100	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	250	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	150	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	245	170	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,180	28,635	23,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,810	27,390	22,415	95.5	95.7	95.2
English	445	235	205	0.9	0.8	0.9
French	605	270	335	1.2	0.9	1.4
Non-official language	1,205	680	520	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,175	665	510	2.3	2.3	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,625	25,520	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,245	3,440	2,805	13.7	13.5	13.9
Worked outside Canada	140	125	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,015	4,690	1,325	13.2	18.4	6.6
Usual place of work	33,225	17,265	15,965	72.8	67.7	79.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,225	17,260	15,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,000	8,050	7,955	48.2	46.6	49.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,575	5,680	4,895	31.8	32.9	30.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,540	3,455	3,085	19.7	20.0	19.3
Commute to a different province or territory	100	75	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,240	21,950	17,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,170	20,350	15,815	92.2	92.7	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,565	19,230	14,330	85.5	87.6	82.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,605	1,125	1,480	6.6	5.1	8.6
Public transit	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Walked	2,030	955	1,075	5.2	4.4	6.2
Bicycle	475	345	130	1.2	1.6	0.8
Other method	450	240	215	1.1	1.1	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,240	21,950	17,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,420	11,390	10,025	54.6	51.9	58.0
15 to 29 minutes	10,295	5,795	4,500	26.2	26.4	26.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,365	2,665	1,700	11.1	12.1	9.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,550	885	665	4.0	4.0	3.8
60 minutes and over	1,615	1,220	400	4.1	5.6	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,240	21,950	17,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,100	1,600	505	5.4	7.3	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,975	5,505	2,470	20.3	25.1	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,255	7,675	4,580	31.2	35.0	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,085	3,665	5,420	23.2	16.7	31.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,070	1,135	1,935	7.8	5.2	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,750	2,370	2,375	12.1	10.8	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,105	13,360	12,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,945	1,015	930	7.5	7.6	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,160	12,345	11,820	92.5	92.4	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,855	9,685	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,450	765	690	7.7	7.9	7.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	715	375	345	3.8	3.9	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	730	385	350	3.9	4.0	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,405	8,925	8,480	92.3	92.2	92.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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