Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Alberni, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,259	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,678	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,919	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,451	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	928.9	...	...	928.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	19.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,255	8,925	9,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,580	1,305	1,275	14.1	14.6	13.7
0 to 4 years	720	395	325	3.9	4.4	3.5
5 to 9 years	905	440	465	5.0	4.9	5.0
10 to 14 years	955	470	480	5.2	5.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	10,685	5,250	5,435	58.5	58.8	58.2
15 to 19 years	875	445	435	4.8	5.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	800	390	410	4.4	4.4	4.4
25 to 29 years	940	490	450	5.1	5.5	4.8
30 to 34 years	1,065	525	535	5.8	5.9	5.7
35 to 39 years	1,035	510	525	5.7	5.7	5.6
40 to 44 years	995	490	505	5.5	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	985	455	530	5.4	5.1	5.7
50 to 54 years	1,080	535	545	5.9	6.0	5.8
55 to 59 years	1,370	660	710	7.5	7.4	7.6
60 to 64 years	1,530	745	790	8.4	8.3	8.5
65 years and over	4,995	2,370	2,625	27.4	26.6	28.1
65 to 69 years	1,535	735	800	8.4	8.2	8.6
70 to 74 years	1,330	655	675	7.3	7.3	7.2
75 to 79 years	990	475	515	5.4	5.3	5.5
80 to 84 years	565	260	305	3.1	2.9	3.3
85 years and over	580	245	330	3.2	2.7	3.5
85 to 89 years	375	175	200	2.1	2.0	2.1
90 to 94 years	150	60	90	0.8	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.6	13.7	14.1	14.6	13.7
15 to 64 years	58.5	58.8	58.2	58.5	58.8	58.2
65 years and over	27.4	26.6	28.1	27.4	26.6	28.1
85 years and over	3.2	2.7	3.5	3.2	2.7	3.5
Average age of the population	46.5	45.8	47.1	46.5	45.8	47.1
Median age of the population	49.2	48.4	50.0	49.2	48.4	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,730	...	...	67.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	245	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	480	...	...	5.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	395	...	...	4.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,280	...	...	15.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	140	...	...	1.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	160	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,980	...	...	35.3	...	...
2 persons	3,240	...	...	38.3	...	...
3 persons	1,080	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	755	...	...	8.9	...	...
5 or more persons	395	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,680	7,615	8,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,370	4,180	4,190	53.4	54.9	52.0
Married	6,360	3,170	3,190	40.6	41.6	39.6
Living common-law	2,010	1,015	1,000	12.8	13.3	12.4
Living common law - Never married	1,380	700	680	8.8	9.2	8.4
Living common law - Separated	95	45	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	470	235	230	3.0	3.1	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	7,310	3,440	3,870	46.6	45.2	48.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,085	2,275	1,810	26.1	29.9	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	525	220	305	3.3	2.9	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,470	645	830	9.4	8.5	10.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,230	300	930	7.8	3.9	11.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,245	...	...	62.9	...	...
3 persons	980	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	665	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	265	...	...	5.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,090	...	...	79.3	...	...
Married couples	3,080	...	...	59.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,090	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	1,990	...	...	38.6	...	...
Common-law couples	1,005	...	...	19.5	...	...
With children⁶	400	...	...	7.8	...	...
Without children	605	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,065	...	...	20.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	815	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	250	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	13,500	6,635	6,870	75.2	75.5	74.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,180	4,090	4,095	45.5	46.5	44.7
Parents in one-parent families	1,065	255	810	5.9	2.9	8.8
Children⁶	4,255	2,295	1,965	23.7	26.1	21.4
In a two-parent family	2,625	1,385	1,240	14.6	15.8	13.5
In a one-parent family	1,635	915	725	9.1	10.4	7.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,455	2,155	2,300	24.8	24.5	25.1
Living alone	2,980	1,395	1,590	16.6	15.9	17.3
Living with other relatives⁷	485	185	305	2.7	2.1	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	990	580	410	5.5	6.6	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,565	...	...	54.0	...	...
Couple-family households	3,725	...	...	44.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,340	...	...	15.9	...	...
Without children	2,390	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	835	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	160	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	295	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	420	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	2,980	...	...	35.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,385	7,485	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,980	7,305	7,680	97.4	97.6	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	32,000	35,600	40,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,985	7,305	7,680	97.4	97.6	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,000	33,600	37,200	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,535	6,240	6,300	81.5	83.4	79.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,000	31,600	21,800	27,000	31,600	21,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,755	4,415	4,345	56.9	59.0	55.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,400	27,800	32,400	38,400	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,545	6,445	7,100	88.0	86.1	90.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	15,300	14,200	14,600	15,300	14,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,670	860	800	10.9	11.5	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,685	1,790	1,885	24.0	23.9	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,385	7,490	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,980	7,290	7,695	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,240	37,640	42,800	48,240	37,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,980	7,290	7,695	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,240	42,280	34,400	38,240	42,280	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,620	6,310	6,310	82.0	84.2	79.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,640	29,520	35,600	41,640	29,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,755	4,405	4,350	56.9	58.8	55.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,400	45,520	33,200	39,400	45,520	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,585	6,465	7,125	88.3	86.3	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,120	13,740	14,480	14,120	13,740	14,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,735	885	850	11.3	11.8	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,660	6,500	6,580	6,660	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,695	1,715	1,980	24.0	22.9	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	8,930	9,500	9,230	8,930	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,385	7,490	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,535	1,855	1,685	23.0	24.8	21.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	61,200	50,400	56,000	61,200	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,200	68,500	53,100	61,200	68,500	53,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,855	1,825	2,030	25.1	24.4	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	23,200	16,800	19,800	23,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	34,360	23,460	28,600	34,360	23,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	74.8	64.4	70.0	74.8	64.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.8	57.0	49.9	53.8	57.0	49.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.0	25.2	35.6	30.0	25.2	35.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	5.5	8.5	6.9	5.5	8.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.4	6.5	5.3	4.4	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,380	7,490	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	405	185	215	2.6	2.5	2.7
With total income	14,980	7,300	7,675	97.4	97.5	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,095	435	660	7.3	6.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,145	840	1,310	14.3	11.5	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	2,820	1,210	1,610	18.8	16.6	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,400	1,175	1,225	16.0	16.1	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,855	900	955	12.4	12.3	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,405	690	715	9.4	9.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	560	450	6.7	7.7	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	700	440	260	4.7	6.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	495	315	185	3.3	4.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	345	215	125	2.3	2.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	720	525	195	4.8	7.2	2.5
$100,000 to $149,999	600	435	170	4.0	6.0	2.2
$150,000 and over	125	95	25	0.8	1.3	0.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,380	7,490	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	395	185	215	2.6	2.5	2.7
With after-tax income	14,990	7,305	7,680	97.5	97.5	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,135	450	685	7.6	6.2	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	2,255	880	1,370	15.0	12.0	17.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,100	1,335	1,765	20.7	18.3	23.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,680	1,330	1,350	17.9	18.2	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,035	995	1,035	13.6	13.6	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	775	640	9.5	10.6	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	915	570	345	6.1	7.8	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	580	360	215	3.9	4.9	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	375	250	125	2.5	3.4	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	195	130	65	1.3	1.8	0.8
$100,000 and over	305	230	75	2.0	3.1	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	215	165	50	1.4	2.3	0.7
$125,000 and over	90	65	25	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,380	7,490	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,625	3,070	3,550	43.1	41.0	45.0
With employment income	8,760	4,415	4,340	57.0	58.9	55.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,345	610	730	15.4	13.8	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	735	315	420	8.4	7.1	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,105	490	615	12.6	11.1	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	955	450	510	10.9	10.2	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	950	400	550	10.8	9.1	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	825	375	445	9.4	8.5	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	765	390	375	8.7	8.8	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	540	325	210	6.2	7.4	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	465	310	160	5.3	7.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	315	200	120	3.6	4.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	245	155	85	2.8	3.5	2.0
$100,000 and over	510	380	125	5.8	8.6	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	310	225	90	3.5	5.1	2.1
$125,000 and over	195	160	30	2.2	3.6	0.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,385	7,485	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,635	7,130	7,505	95.1	95.3	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	28,000	32,800	38,800	28,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,665	7,140	7,530	95.3	95.4	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,600	26,400	30,400	35,600	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,460	6,205	6,250	81.0	82.9	79.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	34,400	23,000	28,200	34,400	23,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,905	5,075	4,820	64.4	67.8	61.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	33,600	24,400	28,400	33,600	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,775	5,405	6,370	76.5	72.2	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,400	13,800	11,400	12,400	13,800	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,430	785	650	9.3	10.5	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,120	5,320	5,240	5,120	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,385	7,490	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,625	7,125	7,510	95.1	95.1	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,440	34,640	40,400	46,440	34,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,645	7,125	7,520	95.2	95.1	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,320	31,120	35,600	40,320	31,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,525	6,265	6,260	81.4	83.6	79.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,480	42,720	30,200	36,480	42,720	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,910	5,075	4,835	64.4	67.8	61.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,760	40,800	30,440	35,760	40,800	30,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,670	5,400	6,265	75.9	72.1	79.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,490	11,690	11,320	11,490	11,690	11,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,450	810	640	9.4	10.8	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,950	6,680	6,280	5,950	6,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,385	7,490	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,530	1,845	1,690	22.9	24.6	21.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	58,400	46,000	52,400	58,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	65,300	49,080	57,550	65,300	49,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,640	1,720	1,920	23.7	23.0	24.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	29,800	21,400	25,200	29,800	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640	39,040	26,920	32,640	39,040	26,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.4	81.0	72.8	77.4	81.0	72.8
Employment income (%)	60.0	62.6	56.6	60.0	62.6	56.6
Government transfers (%)	22.7	19.1	27.3	22.7	19.1	27.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...	67,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,640	...	...	37,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...	3.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	390	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	390	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	455	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	470	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	415	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	880	...	...	10.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	685	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	590	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	550	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	495	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,125	...	...	25.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	870	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	530	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	500	...	...	5.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	215	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	335	...	...	4.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	550	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	470	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	505	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	505	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	480	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	930	...	...	11.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	735	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	680	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	605	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	490	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,570	...	...	18.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	760	...	...	9.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	425	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	390	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,970	1,970	2,000	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,800	32,000	33,600	34,800	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	33,200	30,400	31,600	33,200	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...	83,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,300	...	...	62,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,960	1,930	2,030	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,440	42,960	38,040	40,440	42,960	38,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,320	38,080	34,640	36,320	38,080	34,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,145	1,580	1,565	17.5	18.0	17.1
0 to 5 years	905	475	425	5.0	5.4	4.6
18 to 64 years	10,040	4,920	5,115	55.9	56.0	55.8
65 years and over	4,775	2,290	2,490	26.6	26.1	27.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,630	1,200	1,430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	585	310	280	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	180	105	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,275	595	675	...	...	...
65 years and over	770	290	480	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.6	15.6	14.6	13.6	15.6
0 to 17 years (%)	18.7	19.6	17.8	18.7	19.6	17.8
0 to 5 years (%)	20.2	22.0	18.5	20.2	22.0	18.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	12.2	13.2	12.7	12.2	13.2
65 years and over (%)	16.2	12.7	19.3	16.2	12.7	19.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,960	8,795	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,145	1,580	1,565	17.5	18.0	17.1
0 to 5 years	905	475	430	5.0	5.4	4.7
18 to 64 years	10,040	4,925	5,115	55.9	56.0	55.8
65 years and over	4,775	2,290	2,485	26.6	26.0	27.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	530	265	265	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	120	55	65	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	345	180	160	...	...	...
65 years and over	65	25	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.6	4.0	3.8	3.6	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	11,425	5,480	5,945	63.6	62.3	64.8
In bottom decile	2,420	1,150	1,270	13.5	13.1	13.8
In second decile	2,400	1,120	1,280	13.4	12.7	14.0
In third decile	2,515	1,215	1,300	14.0	13.8	14.2
In fourth decile	2,145	1,045	1,100	11.9	11.9	12.0
In fifth decile	1,950	950	995	10.9	10.8	10.9
In top half of the distribution	6,530	3,310	3,225	36.4	37.7	35.2
In sixth decile	1,725	855	870	9.6	9.7	9.5
In seventh decile	1,560	785	775	8.7	8.9	8.5
In eighth decile	1,455	740	715	8.1	8.4	7.8
In ninth decile	1,185	610	580	6.6	6.9	6.3
In top decile	600	325	280	3.3	3.7	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,960	...	...	17,960	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463	...	...	0.463	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	18,040	8,830	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,985	8,355	8,625	94.2	94.6	93.7
French only	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	1,010	465	545	5.6	5.3	5.9
Neither English nor French	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	18,040	8,830	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,765	8,710	9,060	98.5	98.6	98.4
French	225	110	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	18,040	8,830	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,785	8,710	9,070	98.6	98.6	98.5
Official languages	16,505	8,125	8,385	91.5	92.0	91.1
English	16,225	7,990	8,235	89.9	90.5	89.5
French	280	135	145	1.6	1.5	1.6
Non-official languages	1,275	590	690	7.1	6.7	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,250	575	675	6.9	6.5	7.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	40	0.4	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	895	410	485	5.0	4.6	5.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	40	80	0.6	0.5	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	40	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	10	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	365	175	185	2.0	2.0	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	90	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
German	185	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	125	55	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	240	125	110	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	230	125	110	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	110	95	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	65	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	125	135	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	165	80	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	18,040	8,830	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,885	8,310	8,575	93.6	94.1	93.2
French	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	225	105	125	1.2	1.2	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	225	105	125	1.2	1.2	1.4
English and French	145	60	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	710	330	380	3.9	3.7	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	18,040	8,830	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,925	8,780	9,145	99.4	99.4	99.3
Official languages	17,485	8,575	8,915	96.9	97.1	96.8
English	17,445	8,555	8,890	96.7	96.9	96.6
French	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	440	210	230	2.4	2.4	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	435	210	230	2.4	2.4	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	125	135	1.4	1.4	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	75	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	145	75	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	70	70	0.7	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	18,040	8,830	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,245	8,480	8,770	95.6	96.0	95.3
English	195	90	100	1.1	1.0	1.1
French	120	45	75	0.7	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	415	180	230	2.3	2.0	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	370	165	205	2.1	1.9	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,915	8,780	9,135	99.7	99.9	99.6
English	17,905	8,780	9,130	99.7	99.9	99.6
French	1,030	485	550	5.7	5.5	6.0
Non-official languages	1,875	845	1,035	10.4	9.6	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	100	40	60	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,775	800	970	9.9	9.1	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,335	590	745	7.4	6.7	8.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	30	85	0.6	0.3	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	30	85	0.6	0.3	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	455	210	245	2.5	2.4	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	245	105	140	1.4	1.2	1.5
German	245	105	140	1.4	1.2	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	185	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	25	25	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
Dutch	150	60	90	0.8	0.7	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	330	165	165	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	310	150	160	1.7	1.7	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	115	60	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	120	120	1.3	1.4	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	430	180	250	2.4	2.0	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	275	125	145	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korean	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Chinese languages	85	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,960	8,795	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,860	1,325	1,530	15.9	15.1	16.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,795	1,300	1,495	15.6	14.8	16.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,930	865	1,065	10.7	9.8	11.6
Métis	855	430	430	4.8	4.9	4.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	15,100	7,465	7,635	84.1	84.9	83.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,960	8,795	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,610	725	885	9.0	8.2	9.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,350	8,065	8,285	91.0	91.7	90.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,820	...	...	68.9	...	...
Renter	2,635	...	...	31.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	610	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not condominium	7,845	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	1,095	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,100	...	...	24.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,855	...	...	33.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,325	...	...	27.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,170	...	...	25.7	...	...
5 rooms	1,440	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	1,170	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	995	...	...	11.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,675	...	...	31.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,375	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,150	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	305	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,240	...	...	38.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,035	...	...	35.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	560	...	...	6.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	610	...	...	7.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	140	...	...	1.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	310	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	190	...	...	2.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	370	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,770	...	...	92.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	685	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,660	...	...	55.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,450	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	340	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	210	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	955	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,125	...	...	13.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,205	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,720	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,815	...	...	21.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,020	...	...	12.1	...	...
85 years and over	400	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,625	...	...	78.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,810	...	...	21.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,680	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,520	...	...	29.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,575	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	225	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	455	...	...	5.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,930	...	...	70.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,030	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not in core need	7,275	...	...	87.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.3	...	...	55.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,045	...	...	1,045	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	421,200	...	...	421,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.9	...	...	16.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.7	...	...	40.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,025	...	...	1,025	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,365	640	730	7.6	7.3	8.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,350	635	715	7.5	7.2	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,200	560	640	6.7	6.4	7.0
Métis single ancestry	140	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,435	650	785	8.0	7.4	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,405	630	775	7.8	7.2	8.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	960	420	535	5.3	4.8	5.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	440	205	240	2.4	2.3	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	15,160	7,505	7,655	84.4	85.4	83.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,530	8,600	8,930	97.6	97.8	97.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,065	1,550	1,510	17.1	17.6	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,470	7,045	7,420	80.6	80.1	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	430	190	235	2.4	2.2	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,060	7,910	8,155	89.4	90.0	88.9
Immigrants⁸¹	1,795	835	965	10.0	9.5	10.5
Before 1980	1,120	555	565	6.2	6.3	6.2
1980 to 1990	180	65	115	1.0	0.7	1.3
1991 to 2000	100	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	130	55	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	115	150	1.5	1.3	1.6
2011 to 2015	105	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
2016 to 2021	165	75	90	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,795	830	965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	250	125	130	13.9	15.1	13.5
5 to 14 years	395	210	185	22.0	25.3	19.2
15 to 24 years	465	195	265	25.9	23.5	27.5
25 to 44 years	560	260	300	31.2	31.3	31.1
45 years and over	120	35	85	6.7	4.2	8.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,795	830	965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	265	110	160	14.8	13.3	16.6
Brazil	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Mexico	60	15	45	3.3	1.8	4.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
United States of America	140	65	75	7.8	7.8	7.8
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.1	1.2	1.0
Europe	1,040	495	545	57.9	59.6	56.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.1
France	25	10	20	1.4	1.2	2.1
Germany	115	60	60	6.4	7.2	6.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	1.1	1.2	1.0
Italy	85	45	45	4.7	5.4	4.7
Netherlands	150	65	80	8.4	7.8	8.3
Poland	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Portugal	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	430	215	215	24.0	25.9	22.3
Other places of birth in Europe	135	70	60	7.5	8.4	6.2
Africa	55	40	20	3.1	4.8	2.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	1.1	1.8	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Asia	405	175	225	22.6	21.1	23.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	1.9	1.8	2.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.0
Philippines	25	0	25	1.4	0.0	2.6
Viet Nam	50	30	20	2.8	3.6	2.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	190	95	95	10.6	11.4	9.8
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	30	2.8	1.8	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	15	1.4	1.8	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	160	75	90	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	10	10	12.5	13.3	11.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	10	9.4	13.3	11.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	0	15	9.4	0.0	16.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	6.3	0.0	11.1
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	6.3	0.0	11.1
Africa	15	10	0	9.4	13.3	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	95	50	50	59.4	66.7	55.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	25	10	21.9	33.3	11.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	12.5	13.3	11.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	9.4	0.0	16.7
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	9.4	13.3	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	6.3	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,960	8,795	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,995	945	1,055	11.1	10.7	11.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,070	1,415	1,655	17.1	16.1	18.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,895	6,430	6,465	71.8	73.1	70.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	675	280	395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	360	165	195	53.3	58.9	49.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	140	75	65	20.7	26.8	16.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220	90	125	32.6	32.1	31.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	250	80	170	37.0	28.6	43.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	25	25	5.9	8.9	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	3.0	3.6	2.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	675	280	395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	10	20	5.2	3.6	5.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	150	55	90	22.2	19.6	22.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	15	5.9	8.9	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	30	30	8.9	10.7	7.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	385	150	240	57.0	53.6	60.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,960	8,795	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,120	520	605	6.2	5.9	6.6
South Asian	465	225	235	2.6	2.6	2.6
Chinese	140	75	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
Black	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Filipino	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	65	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Asian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korean	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,835	8,275	8,565	93.7	94.1	93.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,480	1,195	1,285	13.8	13.6	14.0
English	5,150	2,560	2,590	28.7	29.1	28.2
Irish	3,230	1,470	1,765	18.0	16.7	19.2
Scottish	3,885	1,895	1,985	21.6	21.6	21.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,075	1,030	1,045	11.6	11.7	11.4
German	2,400	1,125	1,275	13.4	12.8	13.9
Chinese	170	85	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Italian	605	290	310	3.4	3.3	3.4
Indian (India)	270	120	150	1.5	1.4	1.6
Ukrainian	850	425	425	4.7	4.8	4.6
Dutch	1,160	545	615	6.5	6.2	6.7
Polish	355	155	195	2.0	1.8	2.1
Québécois	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	670	350	320	3.7	4.0	3.5
Filipino	65	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
French Canadian	240	105	135	1.3	1.2	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	335	160	175	1.9	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,175	545	630	6.5	6.2	6.9
Métis	630	300	335	3.5	3.4	3.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	435	220	215	2.4	2.5	2.3
Russian	405	180	230	2.3	2.0	2.5
Norwegian	745	355	385	4.1	4.0	4.2
Welsh	610	320	290	3.4	3.6	3.2
Portuguese	85	30	60	0.5	0.3	0.7
American	345	175	170	1.9	2.0	1.9
Spanish	125	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	405	165	235	2.3	1.9	2.6
Hungarian	295	160	140	1.6	1.8	1.5
Acadian	45	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Jewish	100	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	200	80	125	1.1	0.9	1.4
Korean	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	100	55	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	330	160	170	1.8	1.8	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160	80	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	240	110	130	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belgian	120	55	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	65	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mexican	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Swiss	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	260	115	140	1.4	1.3	1.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	55	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Japanese	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	105	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Syrian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australian	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	35	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
British Columbian	95	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,960	8,790	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Christian	5,785	2,595	3,190	32.2	29.5	34.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	970	525	445	5.4	6.0	4.9
Anabaptist	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Anglican	655	305	350	3.6	3.5	3.8
Baptist	225	100	125	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	1,865	795	1,075	10.4	9.0	11.7
Christian Orthodox	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	280	115	165	1.6	1.3	1.8
Latter Day Saints	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lutheran	270	100	175	1.5	1.1	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	200	85	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	125	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Reformed	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
United Church	660	295	370	3.7	3.4	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	295	115	180	1.6	1.3	2.0
Hindu	125	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Muslim	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	215	100	110	1.2	1.1	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	180	55	125	1.0	0.6	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	11,365	5,850	5,515	63.3	66.6	60.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,835	8,725	9,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,175	7,455	7,715	85.1	85.4	84.7
Movers	2,660	1,270	1,390	14.9	14.6	15.3
Non-migrants	1,460	650	810	8.2	7.4	8.9
Migrants	1,200	620	580	6.7	7.1	6.4
Internal migrants	1,140	590	550	6.4	6.8	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	945	465	475	5.3	5.3	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	195	120	70	1.1	1.4	0.8
External migrants	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,250	8,345	8,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,365	4,625	4,740	54.3	55.4	53.3
Movers	7,885	3,720	4,165	45.7	44.6	46.8
Non-migrants	3,270	1,500	1,780	19.0	18.0	20.0
Migrants	4,610	2,225	2,385	26.7	26.7	26.8
Internal migrants	4,395	2,120	2,270	25.5	25.4	25.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,730	1,755	1,980	21.6	21.0	22.3
Interprovincial migrants	660	370	290	3.8	4.4	3.3
External migrants	220	105	110	1.3	1.3	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,385	7,490	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,190	2,220	1,975	27.2	29.6	25.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,195	5,270	5,920	72.8	70.4	75.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,920	4,305	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,855	1,055	805	20.8	24.5	17.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,065	3,260	3,810	79.2	75.7	82.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,385	7,485	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,425	1,735	1,695	22.3	23.2	21.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,905	2,340	2,565	31.9	31.3	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,050	3,415	3,635	45.8	45.6	46.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,320	2,710	2,605	34.6	36.2	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,895	1,435	455	12.3	19.2	5.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	745	430	315	4.8	5.7	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,145	1,005	140	7.4	13.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,910	1,110	1,795	18.9	14.8	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520	165	350	3.4	2.2	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,735	705	1,030	11.3	9.4	13.0
Bachelor's degree	1,200	510	690	7.8	6.8	8.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	150	45	100	1.0	0.6	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	310	115	205	2.0	1.5	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,920	4,310	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,450	815	635	16.3	18.9	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,770	1,365	1,400	31.1	31.7	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,695	2,125	2,575	52.6	49.3	55.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,440	1,655	1,785	38.6	38.4	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,090	815	275	12.2	18.9	6.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	440	245	190	4.9	5.7	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	650	570	85	7.3	13.2	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,975	705	1,270	22.1	16.4	27.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	135	245	4.2	3.1	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,260	470	785	14.1	10.9	17.0
Bachelor's degree	865	345	520	9.7	8.0	11.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	20	80	1.1	0.5	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	245	80	165	2.7	1.9	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,380	7,485	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,330	4,070	4,255	54.2	54.4	53.9
Education	520	150	370	3.4	2.0	4.7
13. Education	520	150	370	3.4	2.0	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160	80	80	1.0	1.1	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	125	55	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
Humanities	240	80	160	1.6	1.1	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	20	60	0.5	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
54. History	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	595	160	435	3.9	2.1	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	15	200	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	45	0	45	0.3	0.0	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	140	45	95	0.9	0.6	1.2
45. Social sciences	165	85	80	1.1	1.1	1.0
Business, management and public administration	1,055	305	750	6.9	4.1	9.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	35	140	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	875	270	610	5.7	3.6	7.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	130	70	65	0.8	0.9	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	75	40	0.7	1.0	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	95	65	30	0.6	0.9	0.4
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,800	1,720	85	11.7	23.0	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	95	70	25	0.6	0.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290	275	15	1.9	3.7	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	550	535	20	3.6	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	585	570	10	3.8	7.6	0.1
48. Precision production	270	255	15	1.8	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	170	90	1.7	2.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	50	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	120	35	1.0	1.6	0.4
Health and related fields	1,475	270	1,205	9.6	3.6	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,410	225	1,185	9.2	3.0	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	690	335	355	4.5	4.5	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	465	140	325	3.0	1.9	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	75	55	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	140	15	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,925	4,310	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,220	2,185	2,040	47.3	50.7	44.3
Education	300	90	210	3.4	2.1	4.6
13. Education	300	90	210	3.4	2.1	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	105	50	55	1.2	1.2	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	35	55	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	155	50	105	1.7	1.2	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	10	40	0.6	0.2	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	475	125	350	5.3	2.9	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	170	15	155	1.9	0.3	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	40	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	110	30	80	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	130	65	65	1.5	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	740	205	535	8.3	4.8	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	30	110	1.6	0.7	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	590	175	425	6.6	4.1	9.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	30	55	1.0	0.7	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75	55	25	0.8	1.3	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	55	15	0.7	1.3	0.3
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,035	965	65	11.6	22.4	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	75	45	25	0.8	1.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	135	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	335	320	20	3.8	7.4	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315	305	10	3.5	7.1	0.2
48. Precision production	165	155	10	1.8	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	105	65	1.9	2.4	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	25	40	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	80	20	1.1	1.9	0.4
Health and related fields	1,080	220	865	12.1	5.1	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,040	185	855	11.7	4.3	18.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	470	230	230	5.3	5.3	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	335	120	215	3.8	2.8	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	55	40	15	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	75	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,925	4,310	4,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,220	2,185	2,040	47.3	50.7	44.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,695	2,125	2,570	52.6	49.3	55.7
Location of study inside Canada	4,435	2,020	2,415	49.7	46.9	52.4
Same as province or territory of residence	3,715	1,650	2,065	41.6	38.3	44.8
Different than province or territory of residence	720	370	350	8.1	8.6	7.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	260	105	155	2.9	2.4	3.4
Americas	85	35	50	1.0	0.8	1.1
United States of America	55	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.8
Mexico	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	55	20	40	0.6	0.5	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	95	35	60	1.1	0.8	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealand	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,385	7,485	7,895	...	...	...
In the labour force	7,980	3,965	4,015	...	...	...
Employed	7,190	3,495	3,690	...	...	...
Unemployed	790	465	320	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,405	3,520	3,880	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.9	53.0	50.9	51.9	53.0	50.9
Employment rate	46.7	46.7	46.7	46.7	46.7	46.7
Unemployment rate	9.9	11.7	8.0	9.9	11.7	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,380	7,485	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,565	3,600	3,970	49.2	48.1	50.3
Worked	7,815	3,890	3,920	50.8	52.0	49.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,645	1,910	1,735	23.7	25.5	22.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,170	1,980	2,190	27.1	26.5	27.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.1	39.6	39.8	40.1	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,975	3,965	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	135	130	3.3	3.4	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,715	3,830	3,885	96.7	96.6	96.8
Employee	6,675	3,245	3,425	83.7	81.8	85.3
Permanent position	5,545	2,675	2,875	69.5	67.5	71.6
Temporary position	1,125	570	555	14.1	14.4	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	330	150	180	4.1	3.8	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	790	420	375	9.9	10.6	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,045	590	460	13.1	14.9	11.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,975	3,965	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	135	130	3.3	3.4	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,715	3,830	3,885	96.7	96.6	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	60	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	850	195	660	10.7	4.9	16.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	285	240	45	3.6	6.1	1.1
3 Health occupations	795	120	675	10.0	3.0	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,030	280	750	12.9	7.1	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	175	65	110	2.2	1.6	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	2,165	820	1,345	27.1	20.7	33.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,620	1,470	150	20.3	37.1	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	345	280	60	4.3	7.1	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	390	330	60	4.9	8.3	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,975	3,965	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	265	135	130	3.3	3.4	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	7,715	3,830	3,885	96.7	96.6	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	365	85	5.6	9.2	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	35	10	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	25	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
23 Construction	695	630	70	8.7	15.9	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	540	425	125	6.8	10.7	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	75	55	25	0.9	1.4	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,090	480	605	13.7	12.1	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	280	220	60	3.5	5.5	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	90	15	75	1.1	0.4	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	160	25	135	2.0	0.6	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	70	30	40	0.9	0.8	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	255	125	130	3.2	3.2	3.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	350	200	150	4.4	5.0	3.7
61 Educational services	440	135	305	5.5	3.4	7.6
62 Health care and social assistance	1,490	290	1,195	18.7	7.3	29.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	150	70	80	1.9	1.8	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	670	295	375	8.4	7.4	9.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	325	140	185	4.1	3.5	4.6
91 Public administration	500	260	240	6.3	6.6	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,530	4,245	4,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,360	4,180	4,180	98.0	98.5	97.5
French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
English and French	65	30	30	0.8	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	75	20	55	0.9	0.5	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,530	4,245	4,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,525	4,245	4,280	99.9	100.0	99.9
Official languages	8,490	4,225	4,260	99.5	99.5	99.4
English	8,455	4,215	4,245	99.1	99.3	99.1
French	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	35	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,530	4,245	4,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,400	4,200	4,200	98.5	98.9	98.0
English	35	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.5
French	45	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	50	10	40	0.6	0.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	40	0	40	0.5	0.0	0.9
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,190	3,495	3,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	665	260	405	9.2	7.4	11.0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,385	930	455	19.3	26.6	12.3
Usual place of work	5,140	2,315	2,830	71.5	66.2	76.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,140	2,315	2,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,955	1,565	2,390	76.9	67.6	84.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	565	340	225	11.0	14.7	8.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	585	370	210	11.4	16.0	7.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,520	3,240	3,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,805	2,890	2,915	89.0	89.2	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,295	2,660	2,645	81.2	82.1	80.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	505	230	270	7.7	7.1	8.2
Public transit	140	70	75	2.1	2.2	2.3
Walked	370	165	210	5.7	5.1	6.4
Bicycle	60	40	20	0.9	1.2	0.6
Other method	150	80	70	2.3	2.5	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,520	3,240	3,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,465	1,925	2,535	68.5	59.4	77.2
15 to 29 minutes	990	535	460	15.2	16.5	14.0
30 to 44 minutes	365	245	120	5.6	7.6	3.7
45 to 59 minutes	205	140	60	3.1	4.3	1.8
60 minutes and over	505	400	105	7.7	12.3	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,520	3,240	3,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	565	420	150	8.7	13.0	4.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	885	545	340	13.6	16.8	10.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,465	805	660	22.5	24.8	20.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,635	570	1,065	25.1	17.6	32.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	850	290	560	13.0	9.0	17.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,125	615	505	17.3	19.0	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,195	1,600	1,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	100	95	5.9	6.3	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,005	1,500	1,500	94.1	93.8	94.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,415	1,180	1,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	70	75	6.0	5.9	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	45	45	3.7	3.8	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	60	30	25	2.5	2.5	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,275	1,110	1,165	94.2	94.1	94.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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