Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	OromoctoMore information: New Brunswick [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	8,585	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	8,810^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.6	...	...	- 2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	3,708	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,483	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	858.3	...	...	858.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.00	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	8,585	4,530	4,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,875	980	895	21.8	21.6	22.1
0 to 4 years	615	320	295	7.2	7.1	7.3
5 to 9 years	695	360	335	8.1	7.9	8.3
10 to 14 years	565	305	265	6.6	6.7	6.5
15 to 64 years	5,790	3,175	2,615	67.4	70.1	64.5
15 to 19 years	435	235	200	5.1	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	745	465	280	8.7	10.3	6.9
25 to 29 years	950	570	380	11.1	12.6	9.4
30 to 34 years	905	505	400	10.5	11.1	9.9
35 to 39 years	700	375	325	8.2	8.3	8.0
40 to 44 years	545	280	270	6.3	6.2	6.7
45 to 49 years	405	200	210	4.7	4.4	5.2
50 to 54 years	355	185	170	4.1	4.1	4.2
55 to 59 years	405	200	200	4.7	4.4	4.9
60 to 64 years	350	160	190	4.1	3.5	4.7
65 years and over	920	380	545	10.7	8.4	13.4
65 to 69 years	260	110	150	3.0	2.4	3.7
70 to 74 years	235	105	130	2.7	2.3	3.2
75 to 79 years	155	55	100	1.8	1.2	2.5
80 to 84 years	125	50	75	1.5	1.1	1.8
85 years and over	140	55	85	1.6	1.2	2.1
85 to 89 years	95	40	55	1.1	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.8	21.6	22.1	21.8	21.6	22.1
15 to 64 years	67.4	70.1	64.5	67.4	70.1	64.5
65 years and over	10.7	8.4	13.4	10.7	8.4	13.4
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.1	1.6	1.2	2.1
Average age of the population	34.4	32.9	36.1	34.4	32.9	36.1
Median age of the population	31.6	30.2	33.2	31.6	30.2	33.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,100	...	...	60.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	330	...	...	9.5	...	...
Row house	445	...	...	12.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	535	...	...	15.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	940	...	...	27.0	...	...
2 persons	1,220	...	...	35.1	...	...
3 persons	555	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	485	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	290	...	...	8.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	6,710	3,550	3,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	4,015	2,010	2,010	59.8	56.6	63.6
Married	2,885	1,450	1,435	43.0	40.8	45.4
Living common-law	1,135	565	575	16.9	15.9	18.2
Living common law - Never married	930	450	475	13.9	12.7	15.0
Living common law - Separated	55	30	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	145	80	65	2.2	2.3	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	2,690	1,540	1,155	40.1	43.4	36.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,925	1,290	630	28.7	36.3	19.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	195	100	100	2.9	2.8	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	300	105	195	4.5	3.0	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	265	45	220	3.9	1.3	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,120	...	...	48.2	...	...
3 persons	495	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	475	...	...	20.4	...	...
5 or more persons	235	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	1,985	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	1,420	...	...	61.1	...	...
With children⁶	805	...	...	34.6	...	...
Without children	615	...	...	26.5	...	...
Common-law couples	570	...	...	24.5	...	...
With children⁶	255	...	...	11.0	...	...
Without children	315	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	340	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	250	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	95	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	6,880	3,430	3,440	80.7	76.1	85.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	3,970	1,975	2,000	46.6	43.8	49.8
Parents in one-parent families	340	95	245	4.0	2.1	6.1
Children⁶	2,565	1,365	1,200	30.1	30.3	29.9
In a two-parent family	2,025	1,065	960	23.8	23.6	23.9
In a one-parent family	540	300	240	6.3	6.7	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,650	1,070	575	19.4	23.8	14.3
Living alone	940	575	365	11.0	12.8	9.1
Living with other relatives⁷	110	45	65	1.3	1.0	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	600	455	140	7.0	10.1	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,130	...	...	61.2	...	...
Couple-family households	1,855	...	...	53.3	...	...
With children⁶	990	...	...	28.4	...	...
Without children	865	...	...	24.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	280	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	60	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	100	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	250	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	940	...	...	27.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	6,645	3,525	3,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,405	3,420	2,985	96.4	97.0	95.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	63,600	35,600	52,800	63,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,410	3,415	2,985	96.5	96.9	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	53,200	32,000	45,600	53,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,925	3,315	2,615	89.2	94.0	83.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	63,200	28,600	51,200	63,200	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,200	3,030	2,175	78.3	86.0	69.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	62,800	30,400	52,400	62,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,550	1,980	2,570	68.5	56.2	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	1,190	10,000	7,400	1,190	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	665	190	475	10.0	5.4	15.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,600	5,680	5,640	5,600	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,140	320	815	17.2	9.1	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	6,645	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,395	3,400	2,995	96.2	96.7	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,700	62,850	41,200	52,700	62,850	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,395	3,400	2,995	96.2	96.7	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,750	35,760	44,800	52,750	35,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,970	3,310	2,655	89.8	94.2	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,560	60,750	35,600	49,560	60,750	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,175	3,000	2,170	77.9	85.3	69.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	58,000	36,200	48,840	58,000	36,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,465	1,930	2,535	67.2	54.9	80.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,250	6,410	11,420	9,250	6,410	11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	660	190	470	9.9	5.4	15.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,080	6,600	6,440	6,080	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,120	315	810	16.9	9.0	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,380	7,750	8,620	8,380	7,750	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	6,650	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,040	2,030	1,015	45.7	57.8	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	66,000	50,000	63,600	66,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,550	68,500	53,600	63,550	68,500	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,505	600	905	22.6	17.1	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	33,600	14,000	18,000	33,600	14,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,960	36,000	21,000	26,960	36,000	21,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.8	94.2	76.6	87.8	94.2	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.0	81.6	63.8	75.0	81.6	63.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.3	5.8	23.5	12.3	5.8	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.5	2.5	1.3	0.5	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	1.5	7.0	3.5	1.5	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	1.1	5.6	2.8	1.1	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	6,650	3,525	3,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	245	105	135	3.7	3.0	4.3
With total income	6,405	3,415	2,990	96.3	96.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	410	130	280	6.4	3.8	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	545	135	410	8.5	4.0	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	710	175	530	11.1	5.1	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	690	210	485	10.8	6.1	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	670	305	365	10.5	8.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	745	450	290	11.6	13.2	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	875	215	17.0	25.6	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	645	480	160	10.1	14.1	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	360	255	110	5.6	7.5	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	180	130	55	2.8	3.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	360	275	85	5.6	8.1	2.8
$100,000 to $149,999	310	235	70	4.8	6.9	2.3
$150,000 and over	55	40	15	0.9	1.2	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	6,650	3,525	3,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	240	110	135	3.6	3.1	4.3
With after-tax income	6,405	3,420	2,990	96.3	97.0	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	435	135	300	6.8	3.9	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	580	140	435	9.1	4.1	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	860	225	640	13.4	6.6	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	815	290	525	12.7	8.5	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	975	565	410	15.2	16.5	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,310	1,025	285	20.5	30.0	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	725	530	195	11.3	15.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	320	220	100	5.0	6.4	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	175	130	45	2.7	3.8	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	100	80	15	1.6	2.3	0.5
$100,000 and over	115	85	30	1.8	2.5	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	75	55	25	1.2	1.6	0.8
$125,000 and over	40	25	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	6,650	3,525	3,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	1,445	495	950	21.7	14.0	30.4
With employment income	5,205	3,030	2,170	78.3	86.0	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	410	130	285	7.9	4.3	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	315	110	205	6.1	3.6	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	445	130	315	8.5	4.3	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	410	135	270	7.9	4.5	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	420	175	245	8.1	5.8	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	475	250	230	9.1	8.3	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	585	410	170	11.2	13.5	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	980	805	180	18.8	26.6	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	530	430	105	10.2	14.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	280	200	75	5.4	6.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	115	80	35	2.2	2.6	1.6
$100,000 and over	235	180	55	4.5	5.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	165	135	30	3.2	4.5	1.4
$125,000 and over	75	45	25	1.4	1.5	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	6,645	3,525	3,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,325	3,375	2,945	95.2	95.7	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	62,400	31,600	48,800	62,400	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,340	3,375	2,960	95.4	95.7	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,000	28,800	42,400	52,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,910	3,290	2,620	88.9	93.3	84.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	61,600	28,200	47,600	61,600	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,205	3,015	2,190	78.3	85.5	70.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	60,800	29,800	48,800	60,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,980	1,630	2,350	59.9	46.2	75.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	1,510	6,900	5,240	1,510	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	685	265	420	10.3	7.5	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,960	5,480	5,200	4,960	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	6,645	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,320	3,365	2,955	95.1	95.7	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,960	60,700	37,720	49,960	60,700	37,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,335	3,365	2,965	95.3	95.7	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	50,480	32,600	42,080	50,480	32,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,940	3,275	2,665	89.4	93.2	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	59,550	34,440	48,280	59,550	34,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,195	3,005	2,190	78.2	85.5	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,760	57,000	35,120	47,760	57,000	35,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,925	1,620	2,305	59.1	46.1	73.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,440	5,870	8,550	7,440	5,870	8,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	695	280	415	10.5	8.0	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,680	6,160	7,040	6,680	6,160	7,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	6,650	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,035	2,030	1,000	45.6	57.8	31.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	65,000	44,800	62,000	65,000	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,200	65,900	48,600	60,200	65,900	48,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,415	565	850	21.3	16.1	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	39,200	18,200	22,000	39,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,440	39,800	24,280	30,440	39,800	24,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	95.4	82.4	90.8	95.4	82.4
Employment income (%)	78.6	83.8	69.0	78.6	83.8	69.0
Government transfers (%)	9.2	4.7	17.6	9.2	4.7	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.8	2.6	1.5	0.8	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,200	...	...	54,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,800	...	...	45,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	60	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	75	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	90	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	85	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	240	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	395	...	...	11.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	315	...	...	9.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	310	...	...	8.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	7.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,440	...	...	41.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	580	...	...	16.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	425	...	...	12.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	330	...	...	9.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	105	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	80	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	80	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	85	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	95	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	125	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	135	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	445	...	...	12.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	350	...	...	10.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	380	...	...	10.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	325	...	...	9.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	315	...	...	9.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	995	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	570	...	...	16.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	255	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	165	...	...	4.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,535	1,030	505	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,600	60,000	39,200	55,600	60,000	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	50,800	34,400	47,200	50,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,460	975	485	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,250	58,700	42,400	53,250	58,700	42,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,440	49,700	36,800	45,440	49,700	36,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	8,525	4,510	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,155	1,125	1,030	25.3	24.9	25.7
0 to 5 years	760	395	365	8.9	8.8	9.1
18 to 64 years	5,495	3,025	2,470	64.5	67.1	61.5
65 years and over	875	365	510	10.3	8.1	12.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	425	190	235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	125	75	55	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	190	85	105	...	...	...
65 years and over	110	30	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.0	4.2	5.8	5.0	4.2	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	6.6	5.0	5.8	6.6	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.2	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	2.8	4.3	3.5	2.8	4.3
65 years and over (%)	12.4	9.0	15.2	12.4	9.0	15.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	8,225	4,350	3,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,065	1,070	995	25.1	24.6	25.6
0 to 5 years	720	375	350	8.8	8.6	9.0
18 to 64 years	5,325	2,935	2,385	64.7	67.5	61.5
65 years and over	845	340	500	10.3	7.8	12.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	120	60	60	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	35	25	10	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	10	10	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	70	30	35	...	...	...
65 years and over	10	5	10	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	2.2	1.4	1.8	2.2	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.6	x	1.4	1.6	x
18 to 64 years (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	x	1.6	1.4	x	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	8,525	4,505	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	4,610	2,345	2,265	54.1	52.1	56.4
In bottom decile	385	160	225	4.5	3.6	5.6
In second decile	545	235	305	6.4	5.2	7.6
In third decile	1,060	510	550	12.4	11.3	13.7
In fourth decile	1,260	690	570	14.8	15.3	14.2
In fifth decile	1,365	745	615	16.0	16.5	15.3
In top half of the distribution	3,910	2,160	1,750	45.9	47.9	43.6
In sixth decile	1,275	765	510	15.0	17.0	12.7
In seventh decile	1,055	575	475	12.4	12.8	11.8
In eighth decile	810	420	390	9.5	9.3	9.7
In ninth decile	540	280	260	6.3	6.2	6.5
In top decile	235	120	115	2.8	2.7	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	8,525	...	...	8,525	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.223	...	...	0.223	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.200	...	...	0.200	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	6,280	3,360	2,920	73.7	74.6	72.6
French only	170	85	85	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	2,065	1,055	1,005	24.2	23.4	25.0
Neither English nor French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,325	3,860	3,465	85.9	85.7	86.2
French	1,145	620	530	13.4	13.8	13.2
English and French	45	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,320	4,405	3,910	97.6	97.8	97.3
Official languages	8,110	4,310	3,800	95.1	95.7	94.5
English	6,970	3,695	3,275	81.8	82.0	81.5
French	1,135	610	520	13.3	13.5	12.9
Non-official languages	210	95	110	2.5	2.1	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	195	95	100	2.3	2.1	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	55	65	1.4	1.2	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	100	105	2.4	2.2	2.6
English and French	145	65	80	1.7	1.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,125	3,770	3,355	83.6	83.7	83.5
French	680	365	310	8.0	8.1	7.7
Non-official language	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and French	495	260	235	5.8	5.8	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	1.8	1.7	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,370	4,420	3,945	98.2	98.1	98.1
Official languages	8,310	4,400	3,915	97.5	97.7	97.4
English	7,510	3,955	3,560	88.1	87.8	88.6
French	800	445	360	9.4	9.9	9.0
Non-official languages	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	155	85	70	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and French	110	65	50	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	8,525	4,505	4,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	7,980	4,235	3,750	93.6	94.0	93.3
English	135	75	55	1.6	1.7	1.4
French	270	125	140	3.2	2.8	3.5
Non-official language	110	55	50	1.3	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	90	50	40	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	8,535	4,495	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	8,535	4,495	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,410	4,435	3,985	98.5	98.7	98.6
French	2,240	1,130	1,110	26.2	25.1	27.5
Non-official languages	415	165	250	4.9	3.7	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	360	145	215	4.2	3.2	5.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	30	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	30	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	70	150	2.6	1.6	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	40	0.9	0.8	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	65	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	15	40	0.6	0.3	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	55	15	40	0.6	0.3	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	20	50	0.8	0.4	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Spanish	40	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,535	4,500	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	605	315	290	7.1	7.0	7.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	590	305	280	6.9	6.8	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	470	245	220	5.5	5.4	5.4
Métis	90	45	45	1.1	1.0	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	7,930	4,180	3,750	92.9	92.9	92.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,535	4,500	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	405	220	185	4.7	4.9	4.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,135	4,275	3,860	95.3	95.0	95.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	1,565	...	...	45.0	...	...
Renter	1,810	...	...	52.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	100	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	110	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not condominium	3,365	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	175	...	...	5.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	795	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,415	...	...	40.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,080	...	...	31.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	595	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 rooms	635	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	600	...	...	17.3	...	...
7 rooms	500	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,145	...	...	32.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,460	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	3,395	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	80	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	645	...	...	18.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	970	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	325	...	...	9.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	540	...	...	15.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	330	...	...	9.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	380	...	...	10.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	195	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	95	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,260	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	220	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,845	...	...	53.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,550	...	...	44.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	75	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	315	...	...	9.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,005	...	...	28.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	730	...	...	21.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	440	...	...	12.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	425	...	...	12.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	295	...	...	8.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	165	...	...	4.7	...	...
85 years and over	110	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,125	...	...	93.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	220	...	...	6.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	210	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	490	...	...	14.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	200	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not suitable only	65	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	195	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,990	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	70	...	...	2.1	...	...
Not in core need	3,270	...	...	97.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.0	...	...	67.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,223	...	...	1,223	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	257,600	...	...	257,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	939	...	...	939	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	50	...	...	50	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	148	...	...	148	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	8,535	4,495	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	345	200	150	4.0	4.4	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	340	195	150	4.0	4.3	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	305	180	120	3.6	4.0	3.0
Métis single ancestry	40	10	25	0.5	0.2	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	545	235	315	6.4	5.2	7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	535	230	305	6.3	5.1	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	450	180	270	5.3	4.0	6.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	40	20	0.6	0.9	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	7,640	4,065	3,575	89.5	90.4	88.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	8,540	4,495	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	8,435	4,460	3,970	98.8	99.2	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,175	1,120	1,055	25.5	24.9	26.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,255	3,340	2,915	73.2	74.3	72.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	105	35	70	1.2	0.8	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	8,540	4,495	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,190	4,330	3,860	95.9	96.3	95.5
Immigrants⁸¹	295	155	140	3.5	3.4	3.5
Before 1980	90	45	40	1.1	1.0	1.0
1980 to 1990	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
1991 to 2000	40	35	10	0.5	0.8	0.2
2001 to 2010	65	30	35	0.8	0.7	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	75	30	40	0.9	0.7	1.0
2011 to 2015	30	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	295	150	140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	55	45	0	18.6	30.0	0.0
5 to 14 years	80	45	40	27.1	30.0	28.6
15 to 24 years	55	20	40	18.6	13.3	28.6
25 to 44 years	95	40	60	32.2	26.7	42.9
45 years and over	10	0	0	3.4	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	295	150	140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	15	25	13.6	10.0	17.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	10	20	8.5	6.7	14.3
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	135	70	65	45.8	46.7	46.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	25	25	15.3	16.7	17.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	10	3.4	6.7	7.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	3.4	6.7	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	3.4	0.0	7.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	15	20	13.6	10.0	14.3
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	3.4	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	10	0	5.1	6.7	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	100	50	50	33.9	33.3	35.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	3.4	6.7	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	15	10.2	6.7	10.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	20	10.2	10.0	14.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	5.1	6.7	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	20	25	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	35	20	20	87.5	100.0	80.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	50.0	50.0	40.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	8,535	4,500	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	435	195	240	5.1	4.3	5.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	730	400	330	8.6	8.9	8.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,370	3,895	3,475	86.4	86.6	86.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	210	105	100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	115	65	50	54.8	61.9	50.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	10	15	9.5	9.5	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	95	55	35	45.2	52.4	35.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	80	30	50	38.1	28.6	50.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	10	0	4.8	9.5	0.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	210	105	100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	0	15	7.1	0.0	15.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	0	9.5	9.5	0.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	4.8	0.0	10.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	160	90	70	76.2	85.7	70.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	8,535	4,500	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	325	175	150	3.8	3.9	3.7
South Asian	85	40	50	1.0	0.9	1.2
Chinese	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black	80	50	30	0.9	1.1	0.7
Filipino	40	20	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Arab	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Latin American	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,210	4,320	3,890	96.2	96.0	96.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	8,540	4,495	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,185	1,170	1,015	25.6	26.0	25.1
English	1,750	870	880	20.5	19.4	21.8
Irish	2,190	1,105	1,085	25.6	24.6	26.9
Scottish	1,855	975	880	21.7	21.7	21.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,185	620	570	13.9	13.8	14.1
German	710	360	345	8.3	8.0	8.5
Chinese	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italian	185	120	65	2.2	2.7	1.6
Indian (India)	70	25	45	0.8	0.6	1.1
Ukrainian	165	65	95	1.9	1.4	2.4
Dutch	225	120	105	2.6	2.7	2.6
Polish	95	45	55	1.1	1.0	1.4
Québécois	155	90	70	1.8	2.0	1.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	305	155	150	3.6	3.4	3.7
Filipino	30	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
French Canadian	155	95	55	1.8	2.1	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	565	305	255	6.6	6.8	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	335	135	195	3.9	3.0	4.8
Métis	110	55	60	1.3	1.2	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	200	95	105	2.3	2.1	2.6
Russian	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
Norwegian	60	40	15	0.7	0.9	0.4
Welsh	190	95	100	2.2	2.1	2.5
Portuguese	60	35	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
American	85	35	50	1.0	0.8	1.2
Spanish	60	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.7
Swedish	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	40	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Acadian	350	165	185	4.1	3.7	4.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Greek	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Romanian	40	20	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	75	40	35	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Belgian	55	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Finnish	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	60	55	1.4	1.3	1.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	40	30	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	35	10	0.6	0.8	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	20	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	95	40	50	1.1	0.9	1.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Maliseet	210	110	95	2.5	2.4	2.4
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	8,535	4,500	4,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	4,205	2,035	2,175	49.3	45.2	53.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	450	235	215	5.3	5.2	5.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	390	190	200	4.6	4.2	5.0
Baptist	275	125	150	3.2	2.8	3.7
Catholic	2,285	1,105	1,175	26.8	24.6	29.1
Christian Orthodox	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	30	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	90	45	40	1.1	1.0	1.0
Presbyterian	40	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	370	190	180	4.3	4.2	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	190	70	125	2.2	1.6	3.1
Hindu	25	20	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Jewish	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Muslim	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	45	40	1.1	1.0	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	4,105	2,345	1,755	48.1	52.1	43.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	8,400	4,430	3,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	7,040	3,695	3,345	83.8	83.4	84.2
Movers	1,365	735	630	16.3	16.6	15.8
Non-migrants	545	335	210	6.5	7.6	5.3
Migrants	815	400	420	9.7	9.0	10.6
Internal migrants	805	400	410	9.6	9.0	10.3
Intraprovincial migrants	275	140	140	3.3	3.2	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	525	260	270	6.3	5.9	6.8
External migrants	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	7,910	4,190	3,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	3,255	1,630	1,625	41.2	38.9	43.7
Movers	4,650	2,560	2,095	58.8	61.1	56.4
Non-migrants	900	525	375	11.4	12.5	10.1
Migrants	3,755	2,035	1,715	47.5	48.6	46.2
Internal migrants	3,680	2,010	1,670	46.5	48.0	45.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,165	535	630	14.7	12.8	17.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,515	1,470	1,045	31.8	35.1	28.1
External migrants	70	25	45	0.9	0.6	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,650	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	920	475	440	13.8	13.5	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,730	3,040	2,690	86.2	86.5	85.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,605	2,475	2,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	310	185	125	6.7	7.5	5.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,295	2,290	2,010	93.3	92.5	94.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,650	3,515	3,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	830	430	400	12.5	12.2	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,660	1,705	955	40.0	48.5	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,155	1,375	1,780	47.4	39.1	56.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,980	885	1,095	29.8	25.2	35.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585	380	205	8.8	10.8	6.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	385	215	175	5.8	6.1	5.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	200	165	30	3.0	4.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,290	445	845	19.4	12.7	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	60	45	1.6	1.7	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,175	500	680	17.7	14.2	21.7
Bachelor's degree	885	375	510	13.3	10.7	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	50	15	35	0.8	0.4	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Master's degree	220	95	125	3.3	2.7	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,610	2,475	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	260	155	105	5.6	6.3	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,715	1,165	550	37.2	47.1	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,630	1,150	1,480	57.0	46.5	69.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,605	740	865	34.8	29.9	40.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	460	310	155	10.0	12.5	7.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	300	175	125	6.5	7.1	5.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	160	130	25	3.5	5.3	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,075	385	690	23.3	15.6	32.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	45	20	1.4	1.8	0.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,030	415	610	22.3	16.8	28.6
Bachelor's degree	795	330	465	17.2	13.3	21.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	0	30	0.7	0.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Master's degree	180	70	115	3.9	2.8	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,650	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,495	2,135	1,360	52.6	60.7	43.4
Education	215	50	170	3.2	1.4	5.4
13. Education	215	50	170	3.2	1.4	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	25	30	0.9	0.7	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	15	30	0.7	0.4	1.0
Humanities	190	105	80	2.9	3.0	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	15	0.5	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	40	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
54. History	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	410	120	290	6.2	3.4	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	95	1.4	0.0	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	45	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	85	20	65	1.3	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	130	50	80	2.0	1.4	2.6
Business, management and public administration	535	150	385	8.0	4.3	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	70	10	60	1.1	0.3	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	465	135	325	7.0	3.8	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	35	50	1.3	1.0	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	15	30	0.7	0.4	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75	45	35	1.1	1.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	45	30	1.1	1.3	1.0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	580	495	90	8.7	14.1	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	90	65	25	1.4	1.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	115	95	20	1.7	2.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	145	130	15	2.2	3.7	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	165	150	15	2.5	4.3	0.5
48. Precision production	65	55	10	1.0	1.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Health and related fields	565	80	485	8.5	2.3	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	40	25	0.9	1.1	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	495	45	455	7.4	1.3	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	405	250	150	6.1	7.1	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	155	40	115	2.3	1.1	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	40	10	0.8	1.1	0.3
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
43. Security and protective services	130	105	25	2.0	3.0	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	40	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,610	2,475	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,980	1,325	655	43.0	53.5	30.7
Education	170	30	140	3.7	1.2	6.6
13. Education	170	30	140	3.7	1.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	25	35	1.3	1.0	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	15	30	1.0	0.6	1.4
Humanities	165	95	70	3.6	3.8	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	30	15	15	0.7	0.6	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	45	25	1.4	1.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
54. History	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	345	90	255	7.5	3.6	11.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	0	90	2.0	0.0	4.2
22. Legal professions and studies	40	15	20	0.9	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	75	20	55	1.6	0.8	2.6
45. Social sciences	115	45	70	2.5	1.8	3.3
Business, management and public administration	430	130	305	9.3	5.3	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	15	40	1.2	0.6	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	375	120	260	8.1	4.8	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	35	50	1.8	1.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	15	30	0.9	0.6	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	30	35	1.3	1.2	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	55	30	30	1.2	1.2	1.4
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	465	410	55	10.1	16.6	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	70	55	10	1.5	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	90	70	20	2.0	2.8	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	110	100	10	2.4	4.0	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	125	10	2.8	5.1	0.5
48. Precision production	65	55	0	1.4	2.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	30	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Health and related fields	465	65	395	10.1	2.6	18.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	35	25	1.3	1.4	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	400	30	370	8.7	1.2	17.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	350	220	125	7.6	8.9	5.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	125	35	90	2.7	1.4	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	35	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
43. Security and protective services	120	95	25	2.6	3.8	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	35	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,610	2,475	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,980	1,325	655	43.0	53.5	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,630	1,155	1,485	57.0	46.7	69.6
Location of study inside Canada	2,545	1,125	1,420	55.2	45.5	66.5
Same as province or territory of residence	1,130	435	695	24.5	17.6	32.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,415	690	725	30.7	27.9	34.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	85	25	60	1.8	1.0	2.8
Americas	30	0	20	0.7	0.0	0.9
United States of America	30	0	20	0.7	0.0	0.9
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	30	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	6,650	3,515	3,130	...	...	...
In the labour force	4,620	2,675	1,945	...	...	...
Employed	4,375	2,575	1,805	...	...	...
Unemployed	240	95	145	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	2,035	840	1,185	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.5	76.1	62.1	69.5	76.1	62.1
Employment rate	65.8	73.3	57.7	65.8	73.3	57.7
Unemployment rate	5.2	3.6	7.5	5.2	3.6	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	6,650	3,515	3,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,995	845	1,150	30.0	24.0	36.7
Worked	4,655	2,665	1,985	70.0	75.8	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,090	2,045	1,045	46.5	58.2	33.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,560	620	945	23.5	17.6	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.3	46.0	42.0	44.3	46.0	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,615	2,670	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	15	25	1.0	0.6	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,575	2,655	1,920	99.1	99.4	98.5
Employee	4,410	2,610	1,805	95.6	97.8	92.6
Permanent position	3,455	2,035	1,425	74.9	76.2	73.1
Temporary position	950	580	375	20.6	21.7	19.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	620	450	175	13.4	16.9	9.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	335	125	205	7.3	4.7	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	165	50	115	3.6	1.9	5.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,615	2,670	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	15	25	1.0	0.6	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,575	2,655	1,920	99.1	99.4	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	565	150	415	12.2	5.6	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	245	185	65	5.3	6.9	3.3
3 Health occupations	295	35	260	6.4	1.3	13.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,125	1,625	500	46.0	60.9	25.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	90	25	60	2.0	0.9	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	840	275	570	18.2	10.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	340	310	35	7.4	11.6	1.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	50	30	20	1.1	1.1	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,615	2,670	1,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	15	25	1.0	0.6	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	4,575	2,655	1,920	99.1	99.4	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
22 Utilities	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.8
23 Construction	110	90	20	2.4	3.4	1.0
31-33 Manufacturing	35	20	10	0.8	0.7	0.5
41 Wholesale trade	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
44-45 Retail trade	330	105	225	7.2	3.9	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	65	55	0	1.4	2.1	0.0
51 Information and cultural industries	35	20	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	60	0	60	1.3	0.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	130	50	80	2.8	1.9	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	145	70	80	3.1	2.6	4.1
61 Educational services	255	40	215	5.5	1.5	11.0
62 Health care and social assistance	440	50	390	9.5	1.9	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	20	25	1.0	0.7	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	270	85	185	5.9	3.2	9.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	105	20	85	2.3	0.7	4.4
91 Public administration	2,465	1,985	480	53.4	74.3	24.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,930	2,785	2,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,135	2,385	1,750	83.9	85.6	81.8
French	100	20	75	2.0	0.7	3.5
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	690	375	315	14.0	13.5	14.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,930	2,785	2,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	4,805	2,705	2,100	97.5	97.1	98.1
Official languages	4,805	2,705	2,100	97.5	97.1	98.1
English	4,645	2,660	1,990	94.2	95.5	93.0
French	155	50	105	3.1	1.8	4.9
Non-official languages	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	120	80	40	2.4	2.9	1.9
English and French	120	80	40	2.4	2.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,930	2,785	2,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	4,360	2,490	1,870	88.4	89.4	87.4
English	55	25	35	1.1	0.9	1.6
French	505	270	235	10.2	9.7	11.0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,380	2,575	1,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	395	170	230	9.0	6.6	12.7
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
No fixed workplace address	710	510	200	16.2	19.8	11.1
Usual place of work	3,230	1,865	1,370	73.7	72.4	75.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,230	1,865	1,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,030	1,255	770	62.8	67.3	56.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	450	355	95	13.9	19.0	7.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	715	230	485	22.1	12.3	35.5
Commute to a different province or territory	35	15	15	1.1	0.8	1.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,945	2,370	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	3,735	2,240	1,500	94.7	94.5	95.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,425	2,120	1,305	86.8	89.5	83.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	310	120	185	7.9	5.1	11.8
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Walked	140	95	50	3.5	4.0	3.2
Bicycle	30	20	10	0.8	0.8	0.6
Other method	30	15	15	0.8	0.6	1.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,945	2,370	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,785	1,855	930	70.6	78.3	59.2
15 to 29 minutes	905	390	515	22.9	16.5	32.8
30 to 44 minutes	170	75	95	4.3	3.2	6.1
45 to 59 minutes	40	25	15	1.0	1.1	1.0
60 minutes and over	45	30	15	1.1	1.3	1.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,945	2,370	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	110	65	40	2.8	2.7	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	545	360	180	13.8	15.2	11.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,810	1,220	590	45.9	51.5	37.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	795	370	430	20.2	15.6	27.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	325	160	160	8.2	6.8	10.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	360	190	170	9.1	8.0	10.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,185	1,140	1,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	575	290	285	26.3	25.4	27.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,615	850	765	73.9	74.6	73.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,525	795	730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	390	205	185	25.6	25.8	25.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	130	125	16.4	16.4	17.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140	75	65	9.2	9.4	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,135	590	545	74.4	74.2	74.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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