Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Northern Interior Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	142,113	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	65,145	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	59,428	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	142,120	71,650	70,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,930	12,355	11,575	16.8	17.2	16.4
0 to 4 years	7,020	3,590	3,430	4.9	5.0	4.9
5 to 9 years	8,100	4,195	3,905	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	8,815	4,575	4,240	6.2	6.4	6.0
15 to 64 years	92,585	46,730	45,850	65.1	65.2	65.1
15 to 19 years	8,075	4,225	3,850	5.7	5.9	5.5
20 to 24 years	8,235	4,280	3,955	5.8	6.0	5.6
25 to 29 years	9,290	4,720	4,570	6.5	6.6	6.5
30 to 34 years	9,355	4,735	4,620	6.6	6.6	6.6
35 to 39 years	9,480	4,735	4,740	6.7	6.6	6.7
40 to 44 years	8,480	4,230	4,245	6.0	5.9	6.0
45 to 49 years	8,850	4,385	4,470	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	9,425	4,645	4,780	6.6	6.5	6.8
55 to 59 years	10,695	5,380	5,320	7.5	7.5	7.5
60 to 64 years	10,690	5,385	5,310	7.5	7.5	7.5
65 years and over	25,600	12,560	13,040	18.0	17.5	18.5
65 to 69 years	9,095	4,570	4,530	6.4	6.4	6.4
70 to 74 years	7,020	3,530	3,490	4.9	4.9	5.0
75 to 79 years	4,575	2,260	2,315	3.2	3.2	3.3
80 to 84 years	2,745	1,295	1,450	1.9	1.8	2.1
85 years and over	2,155	910	1,255	1.5	1.3	1.8
85 to 89 years	1,455	645	810	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	550	225	330	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	130	30	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.2	16.4	16.8	17.2	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.1	65.2	65.1	65.1	65.2	65.1
65 years and over	18.0	17.5	18.5	18.0	17.5	18.5
85 years and over	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Average age of the population	41.4	40.9	41.9	41.4	40.9	41.9
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.0	41.6	40.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	59,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	39,660	...	...	66.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,760	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	2,755	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,855	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,345	...	...	10.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	575	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5,365	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	59,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,240	...	...	29.0	...	...
2 persons	22,225	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	8,520	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	7,030	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,415	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	139,970	70,430	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	118,185	59,295	58,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,665	33,800	33,860	57.3	57.0	57.5
Married	52,040	26,025	26,010	44.0	43.9	44.2
Living common-law	15,620	7,770	7,845	13.2	13.1	13.3
Living common law - Never married	11,440	5,710	5,730	9.7	9.6	9.7
Living common law - Separated	925	480	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	2,860	1,450	1,415	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	390	135	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	50,520	25,490	25,030	42.7	43.0	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,765	18,615	14,150	27.7	31.4	24.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,820	1,760	2,055	3.2	3.0	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,525	3,510	4,015	6.4	5.9	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,415	1,605	4,805	5.4	2.7	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	40,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,830	...	...	56.8	...	...
3 persons	7,820	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 persons	6,510	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,030	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	40,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,215	...	...	82.7	...	...
Married couples	25,405	...	...	63.2	...	...
With children⁶	11,505	...	...	28.6	...	...
Without children	13,900	...	...	34.6	...	...
Common-law couples	7,810	...	...	19.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,120	...	...	7.8	...	...
Without children	4,685	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,970	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,165	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,805	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	139,965	70,430	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	111,580	55,490	56,090	79.7	78.8	80.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,435	33,130	33,305	47.5	47.0	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,970	1,805	5,165	5.0	2.6	7.4
Children⁶	38,175	20,555	17,620	27.3	29.2	25.3
In a two-parent family	27,420	14,605	12,815	19.6	20.7	18.4
In a one-parent family	10,755	5,950	4,805	7.7	8.4	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	28,390	14,940	13,445	20.3	21.2	19.3
Living alone	17,240	8,990	8,255	12.3	12.8	11.9
Living with other relatives⁷	3,810	1,815	1,995	2.7	2.6	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	7,340	4,140	3,200	5.2	5.9	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	59,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,050	...	...	59.0	...	...
Couple-family households	29,795	...	...	50.1	...	...
With children⁶	13,070	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	16,725	...	...	28.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,250	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,310	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	385	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,390	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,060	...	...	5.1	...	...
One-person households	17,235	...	...	29.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	116,125	58,135	57,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,485	56,420	56,065	96.9	97.0	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,800	36,000	42,800	52,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,540	56,445	56,100	96.9	97.1	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	33,200	39,200	47,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,740	50,955	47,785	85.0	87.6	82.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	50,400	28,800	38,000	50,400	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,420	42,785	38,630	70.1	73.6	66.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	56,000	32,000	42,400	56,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,125	44,150	48,975	80.2	75.9	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,800	10,800	10,400	9,800	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,550	7,070	6,480	11.7	12.2	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,635	14,475	14,160	24.7	24.9	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	116,015	58,100	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,385	56,445	55,940	96.9	97.2	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	63,650	42,600	53,200	63,650	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,440	56,470	55,965	96.9	97.2	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	53,150	37,720	45,480	53,150	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,610	51,200	47,410	85.0	88.1	81.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	60,350	37,800	49,520	60,350	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,365	43,115	38,250	70.1	74.2	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,760	61,150	39,120	50,760	61,150	39,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,160	44,280	48,885	80.3	76.2	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,750	11,360	12,110	11,750	11,360	12,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,700	7,140	6,570	11.8	12.3	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	6,340	7,070	6,690	6,340	7,070
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,715	14,550	14,170	24.8	25.0	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,250	7,870	8,650	8,250	7,870	8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	116,015	58,100	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,895	21,350	15,545	31.8	36.7	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	78,000	56,800	68,000	78,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,200	83,500	61,300	74,200	83,500	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,555	15,645	16,905	28.1	26.9	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	31,000	19,000	23,400	31,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,520	44,280	25,520	34,520	44,280	25,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.0	75.2	81.6	86.0	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	73.4	62.7	69.2	73.4	62.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.3	14.0	24.8	18.3	14.0	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	2.0	1.5	1.3	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.7	5.0	3.9	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	5.1	4.0	3.2	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	116,125	58,140	57,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,645	1,715	1,930	3.1	3.0	3.3
With total income	112,480	56,420	56,060	96.9	97.0	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,870	3,860	6,015	8.8	6.8	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	12,535	4,860	7,675	11.1	8.6	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,285	6,795	9,490	14.5	12.0	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,945	6,030	7,915	12.4	10.7	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,125	5,215	6,910	10.8	9.3	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,945	4,595	5,350	8.8	8.1	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	8,115	4,335	3,780	7.2	7.7	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,835	4,125	2,710	6.1	7.3	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	5,445	3,630	1,820	4.8	6.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	4,535	3,175	1,360	4.0	5.6	2.4
$100,000 and over	12,855	9,810	3,045	11.4	17.4	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	9,860	7,415	2,445	8.8	13.2	4.4
$150,000 and over	2,995	2,390	600	2.7	4.2	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	116,125	58,140	57,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,585	1,690	1,890	3.1	2.9	3.3
With after-tax income	112,540	56,445	56,095	96.9	97.1	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,135	3,950	6,185	9.0	7.0	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	12,955	5,015	7,945	11.5	8.9	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	18,420	7,720	10,700	16.4	13.7	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,210	7,075	9,130	14.4	12.5	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,635	6,150	7,485	12.1	10.9	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	11,080	5,765	5,315	9.8	10.2	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	8,970	5,400	3,565	8.0	9.6	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,770	4,695	2,080	6.0	8.3	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,120	3,625	1,495	4.5	6.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,555	890	3.1	4.5	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,800	4,500	1,300	5.2	8.0	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,615	2,800	820	3.2	5.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,185	1,705	480	1.9	3.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	116,125	58,140	57,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	34,710	15,350	19,360	29.9	26.4	33.4
With employment income	81,415	42,790	38,630	70.1	73.6	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,135	4,590	5,550	12.5	10.7	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,615	2,280	3,335	6.9	5.3	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,820	3,655	5,165	10.8	8.5	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,565	3,225	4,340	9.3	7.5	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,005	2,950	4,060	8.6	6.9	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,745	2,920	3,830	8.3	6.8	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,320	3,015	3,300	7.8	7.1	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,835	3,265	2,575	7.2	7.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,120	3,265	1,850	6.3	7.6	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,415	3,060	1,355	5.4	7.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,725	2,600	1,125	4.6	6.1	2.9
$100,000 and over	10,105	7,960	2,145	12.4	18.6	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	5,590	4,240	1,355	6.9	9.9	3.5
$125,000 and over	4,510	3,725	790	5.5	8.7	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	116,125	58,135	57,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,700	55,005	54,700	94.5	94.6	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,800	32,400	40,800	52,800	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,005	55,045	54,960	94.7	94.7	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,000	29,800	36,400	46,000	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,160	50,580	47,575	84.5	87.0	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	51,600	29,600	38,400	51,600	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,665	44,470	40,195	72.9	76.5	69.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	54,400	30,800	40,000	54,400	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,645	33,540	42,105	65.1	57.7	72.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,700	7,850	8,200	8,700	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,865	6,280	5,585	10.2	10.8	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,520	5,280	5,400	5,520	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	116,015	58,100	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,660	55,035	54,625	94.5	94.7	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250	63,100	39,320	51,250	63,100	39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,005	55,085	54,910	94.8	94.8	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,000	51,800	34,200	43,000	51,800	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,165	50,880	47,280	84.6	87.6	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800	61,650	37,000	49,800	61,650	37,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,570	44,750	39,820	72.9	77.0	68.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	60,300	37,120	49,360	60,300	37,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,730	33,290	42,435	65.3	57.3	73.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,680	10,050	9,400	9,680	10,050	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,265	6,385	5,875	10.6	11.0	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,320	7,090	7,560	7,320	7,090	7,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	116,015	58,100	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,755	21,265	15,495	31.7	36.6	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	75,500	52,000	64,500	75,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,900	81,500	56,400	70,900	81,500	56,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,895	14,875	16,020	26.6	25.6	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	38,000	22,800	28,200	38,000	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,960	50,080	28,640	38,960	50,080	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.4	81.4	87.0	90.4	81.4
Employment income (%)	74.2	77.6	68.8	74.2	77.6	68.8
Government transfers (%)	13.0	9.6	18.6	13.0	9.6	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.1	1.6	1.3	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	59,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	42,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	59,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,920	...	...	50,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,080	...	...	44,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	42,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...	103,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	59,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	525	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	545	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,320	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,405	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,960	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,945	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,190	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,250	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,210	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,215	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,155	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,880	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,420	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,530	...	...	41.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,340	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,645	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,775	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,765	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	59,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	555	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,370	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,525	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,210	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,240	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,520	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,530	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,475	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,100	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,870	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,195	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,895	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,645	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,655	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,170	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,820	...	...	11.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	39,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,575	13,125	11,450	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	43,600	35,600	39,600	43,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,600	33,200	36,000	39,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	39,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,400	...	...	127,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,560	12,930	11,625	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,840	53,700	43,440	48,840	53,700	43,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	45,880	38,520	42,400	45,880	38,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	139,965	70,430	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,665	14,780	13,885	20.5	21.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	8,625	4,445	4,180	6.2	6.3	6.0
18 to 64 years	86,570	43,445	43,130	61.9	61.7	62.0
65 years and over	24,725	12,205	12,520	17.7	17.3	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,765	6,935	7,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,495	1,770	1,725	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,195	610	590	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,580	3,605	3,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,690	1,560	2,125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	10.6	9.9	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.5	12.2	12.0	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.9	13.7	14.1	13.9	13.7	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.3	9.2	8.8	8.3	9.2
65 years and over (%)	14.9	12.8	17.0	14.9	12.8	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	135,980	68,430	67,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,670	14,280	13,395	20.3	20.9	19.8
0 to 5 years	8,320	4,285	4,035	6.1	6.3	6.0
18 to 64 years	84,065	42,175	41,885	61.8	61.6	62.0
65 years and over	24,240	11,970	12,270	17.8	17.5	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,245	2,120	2,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	840	415	420	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	115	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,050	1,540	1,510	...	...	...
65 years and over	355	155	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.7	3.3	3.0	2.7	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	139,965	70,430	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,030	32,565	34,470	47.9	46.2	49.6
In bottom decile	14,175	6,725	7,450	10.1	9.5	10.7
In second decile	13,310	6,260	7,045	9.5	8.9	10.1
In third decile	13,380	6,510	6,875	9.6	9.2	9.9
In fourth decile	13,160	6,560	6,595	9.4	9.3	9.5
In fifth decile	13,005	6,515	6,495	9.3	9.3	9.3
In top half of the distribution	72,935	37,865	35,065	52.1	53.8	50.4
In sixth decile	14,205	7,195	7,005	10.1	10.2	10.1
In seventh decile	14,850	7,680	7,170	10.6	10.9	10.3
In eighth decile	15,490	8,055	7,435	11.1	11.4	10.7
In ninth decile	15,595	8,180	7,420	11.1	11.6	10.7
In top decile	12,795	6,755	6,035	9.1	9.6	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	139,965	...	...	139,965	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	140,715	70,860	69,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	134,190	67,925	66,265	95.4	95.9	94.8
French only	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,040	2,740	3,300	4.3	3.9	4.7
Neither English nor French	465	190	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	140,715	70,860	69,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	138,905	69,980	68,930	98.7	98.8	98.7
French	1,260	645	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	450	170	270	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	140,715	70,860	69,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	138,140	69,630	68,505	98.2	98.3	98.1
Official languages	126,640	64,175	62,465	90.0	90.6	89.4
English	125,150	63,415	61,740	88.9	89.5	88.4
French	1,485	760	730	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	11,500	5,455	6,040	8.2	7.7	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	660	295	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	520	235	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	520	235	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	450	215	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,840	5,160	5,680	7.7	7.3	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,050	395	655	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	840	315	525	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,835	3,825	4,015	5.6	5.4	5.7
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	955	450	510	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	945	440	500	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	220	100	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	110	105	0.1	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,650	1,250	1,395	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,710	800	910	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,570	730	840	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	740	360	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,035	1,555	1,480	2.2	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,930	1,495	1,435	2.1	2.1	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	190	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,465	1,240	1,220	1.8	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,115	525	590	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	425	180	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	670	300	370	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	670	300	360	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	305	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,575	1,225	1,350	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	365	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,950	920	1,030	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	140,715	70,860	69,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	128,890	65,265	63,625	91.6	92.1	91.1
French	175	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,295	1,120	1,175	1.6	1.6	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,230	1,085	1,140	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	840	385	455	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	8,125	3,820	4,305	5.8	5.4	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	140,715	70,860	69,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	138,885	69,975	68,910	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	134,065	67,615	66,455	95.3	95.4	95.1
English	133,835	67,510	66,325	95.1	95.3	94.9
French	235	105	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	4,820	2,365	2,460	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	220	95	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,600	2,270	2,335	3.3	3.2	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	480	215	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	370	170	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,145	1,560	1,580	2.2	2.2	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	220	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	300	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,150	1,100	1,050	1.5	1.6	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,105	1,080	1,030	1.5	1.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,840	930	910	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	120	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,835	880	955	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,675	805	870	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	140,715	70,860	69,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	132,920	67,210	65,705	94.5	94.8	94.0
English	2,065	1,035	1,035	1.5	1.5	1.5
French	710	320	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	4,120	1,880	2,240	2.9	2.7	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	535	225	310	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	3,590	1,655	1,935	2.6	2.3	2.8
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	340	150	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	395	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	139,415	70,190	69,225	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	139,390	70,180	69,205	99.6	99.7	99.6
French	6,030	2,605	3,425	4.3	3.7	4.9
Non-official languages	17,145	7,970	9,175	12.3	11.3	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,845	835	1,010	1.3	1.2	1.5
Algonquian languages	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,545	670	870	1.1	1.0	1.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,545	670	870	1.1	1.0	1.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,300	590	710	0.9	0.8	1.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,365	7,155	8,205	11.0	10.2	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	110	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,500	510	995	1.1	0.7	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	145	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	95	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,430	470	955	1.0	0.7	1.4
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	145	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,050	5,305	5,740	7.9	7.5	8.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	700	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,375	685	690	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	455	230	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	330	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	200	80	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,645	1,640	2,010	2.6	2.3	2.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,425	1,090	1,335	1.7	1.5	1.9
German	2,320	1,045	1,270	1.7	1.5	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,015	465	550	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	215	105	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	415	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	300	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Swedish	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,810	1,950	1,865	2.7	2.8	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,685	1,885	1,800	2.6	2.7	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,545	780	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,055	1,550	1,500	2.2	2.2	2.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,380	1,130	1,250	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	460	205	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	510	260	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,430	675	750	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	310	135	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	395	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	865	410	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	855	410	440	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	535	260	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	170	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,155	11,330	11,825	16.6	16.1	17.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,335	10,930	11,400	16.0	15.5	16.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,740	7,155	7,580	10.5	10.2	10.9
Métis	7,500	3,725	3,775	5.4	5.3	5.4
Inuk (Inuit)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	515	265	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	305	130	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	116,725	59,040	57,680	83.4	83.9	83.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	11,730	5,685	6,045	8.4	8.1	8.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,150	64,690	63,460	91.6	91.9	91.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	42,880	...	...	72.2	...	...
Renter	15,580	...	...	26.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	950	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,025	...	...	5.1	...	...
Not condominium	56,390	...	...	94.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	325	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,160	...	...	8.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,810	...	...	23.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,445	...	...	32.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20,665	...	...	34.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,290	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 rooms	9,340	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,640	...	...	14.5	...	...
7 rooms	7,555	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,585	...	...	34.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	58,785	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	625	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	57,325	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	2,085	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,925	...	...	10.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	28,540	...	...	48.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,865	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,045	...	...	15.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,810	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,280	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,645	...	...	2.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,300	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,455	...	...	91.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,955	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	31,170	...	...	52.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,565	...	...	43.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,670	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,090	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,605	...	...	14.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,695	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,390	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,540	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,940	...	...	16.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,805	...	...	8.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,350	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	57,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	49,070	...	...	86.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,975	...	...	14.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,255	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	59,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,790	...	...	23.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,050	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,645	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,890	...	...	6.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	765	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,620	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	56,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,130	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	52,190	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,775	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	58.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,157	...	...	1,157	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	369,200	...	...	369,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.7	...	...	27.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,021	...	...	1,021	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	950	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	393	...	...	393	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	11,550	5,695	5,855	8.3	8.1	8.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,430	5,645	5,780	8.2	8.0	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,790	4,820	4,970	7.0	6.8	7.2
Métis single ancestry	1,600	810	795	1.1	1.2	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	12,810	6,120	6,695	9.2	8.7	9.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	12,225	5,840	6,390	8.7	8.3	9.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,345	3,920	4,425	6.0	5.6	6.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,815	1,880	1,935	2.7	2.7	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	580	275	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	570	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	115,515	58,560	56,955	82.6	83.2	81.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	134,035	67,645	66,385	95.8	96.1	95.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,195	14,510	13,690	20.2	20.6	19.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	105,835	53,135	52,700	75.7	75.5	75.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,850	2,730	3,115	4.2	3.9	4.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	125,050	63,320	61,730	89.4	90.0	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	12,795	6,000	6,790	9.1	8.5	9.8
Before 1980	5,110	2,560	2,555	3.7	3.6	3.7
1980 to 1990	1,410	635	775	1.0	0.9	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,470	605	865	1.1	0.9	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,630	745	885	1.2	1.1	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,165	1,450	1,715	2.3	2.1	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,305	535	770	0.9	0.8	1.1
2016 to 2021	1,860	915	940	1.3	1.3	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,035	1,050	985	1.5	1.5	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,795	6,000	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,560	795	760	12.2	13.3	11.2
5 to 14 years	2,415	1,185	1,230	18.9	19.8	18.1
15 to 24 years	2,945	1,405	1,540	23.0	23.4	22.7
25 to 44 years	5,025	2,250	2,775	39.3	37.5	40.9
45 years and over	855	375	485	6.7	6.3	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,795	6,000	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,540	1,185	1,355	19.9	19.8	20.0
Brazil	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	30	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Guyana	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	65	55	0.9	1.1	0.8
Mexico	115	45	70	0.9	0.8	1.0
Peru	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
United States of America	1,870	860	1,010	14.6	14.3	14.9
Other places of birth in Americas	240	100	140	1.9	1.7	2.1
Europe	4,965	2,450	2,510	38.8	40.8	37.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	160	95	75	1.3	1.6	1.1
France	50	15	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	870	395	480	6.8	6.6	7.1
Greece	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	80	35	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italy	140	80	65	1.1	1.3	1.0
Netherlands	370	190	190	2.9	3.2	2.8
Poland	285	155	130	2.2	2.6	1.9
Portugal	250	125	120	2.0	2.1	1.8
Romania	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	70	40	35	0.5	0.7	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ukraine	90	15	70	0.7	0.3	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,435	725	710	11.2	12.1	10.5
Other places of birth in Europe	1,015	520	495	7.9	8.7	7.3
Africa	800	395	405	6.3	6.6	6.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	165	85	90	1.3	1.4	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	255	125	130	2.0	2.1	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	315	145	170	2.5	2.4	2.5
Asia	4,210	1,815	2,390	32.9	30.3	35.2
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	330	150	185	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	155	60	95	1.2	1.0	1.4
Taiwan	60	20	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
Philippines	1,335	425	910	10.4	7.1	13.4
Viet Nam	110	45	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
India	1,550	790	760	12.1	13.2	11.2
Pakistan	105	65	45	0.8	1.1	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	295	135	160	2.3	2.3	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	280	155	120	2.2	2.6	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,860	920	945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	255	125	130	13.7	13.6	13.8
Brazil	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Colombia	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	25	20	2.4	2.7	2.1
Mexico	20	15	10	1.1	1.6	1.1
United States of America	130	55	70	7.0	6.0	7.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Europe	215	115	100	11.6	12.5	10.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	20	15	1.9	2.2	1.6
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	25	3.8	4.9	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	75	25	50	4.0	2.7	5.3
Africa	260	115	145	14.0	12.5	15.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	110	50	60	5.9	5.4	6.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	3.2	2.7	3.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	30	25	2.7	3.3	2.6
Asia	1,105	540	560	59.4	58.7	59.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	1.9	1.1	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	585	315	265	31.5	34.2	28.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	1.3	1.1	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	2.2	2.2	1.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	25	30	3.0	2.7	3.2
Philippines	280	105	175	15.1	11.4	18.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	1.3	1.6	1.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	30	25	10	1.6	2.7	1.1
Australia	30	25	10	1.6	2.7	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,705	7,500	8,200	11.2	10.7	11.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,060	10,490	10,570	15.1	14.9	15.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	103,115	52,385	50,730	73.7	74.4	73.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,680	3,445	4,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,485	2,180	2,300	58.4	63.3	54.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,060	1,205	855	26.8	35.0	20.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,420	975	1,445	31.5	28.3	34.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,755	1,020	1,740	35.9	29.6	41.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410	225	180	5.3	6.5	4.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,680	3,445	4,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	60	55	1.4	1.7	1.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,440	630	810	18.8	18.3	19.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	290	135	150	3.8	3.9	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	770	435	335	10.0	12.6	7.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	35	60	1.1	1.0	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,985	2,155	2,830	64.9	62.6	66.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	139,880	70,370	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,255	5,350	5,905	8.0	7.6	8.5
South Asian	4,540	2,335	2,205	3.2	3.3	3.2
Chinese	1,140	540	600	0.8	0.8	0.9
Black	1,375	655	715	1.0	0.9	1.0
Filipino	2,000	790	1,210	1.4	1.1	1.7
Arab	185	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	385	150	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	370	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	325	145	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	355	175	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	315	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	128,625	65,025	63,600	92.0	92.4	91.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,370	10,580	9,785	14.6	15.0	14.1
English	35,240	17,145	18,100	25.2	24.4	26.0
Irish	23,010	11,035	11,980	16.4	15.7	17.2
Scottish	27,300	13,200	14,100	19.5	18.8	20.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,835	7,190	7,640	10.6	10.2	11.0
German	24,555	12,160	12,400	17.6	17.3	17.8
Chinese	1,360	595	760	1.0	0.8	1.1
Italian	3,780	1,885	1,890	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indian (India)	2,590	1,325	1,265	1.9	1.9	1.8
Ukrainian	7,850	3,990	3,870	5.6	5.7	5.6
Dutch	6,500	3,090	3,415	4.6	4.4	4.9
Polish	4,350	2,000	2,350	3.1	2.8	3.4
Québécois	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,735	2,370	2,365	3.4	3.4	3.4
Filipino	2,125	825	1,300	1.5	1.2	1.9
French Canadian	1,485	800	685	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,530	1,830	1,700	2.5	2.6	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,030	3,910	4,120	5.7	5.6	5.9
Métis	6,110	3,010	3,095	4.4	4.3	4.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,570	1,800	1,770	2.6	2.6	2.5
Russian	4,150	1,905	2,250	3.0	2.7	3.2
Norwegian	7,155	3,635	3,520	5.1	5.2	5.1
Welsh	3,485	1,665	1,820	2.5	2.4	2.6
Portuguese	1,295	650	640	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	3,185	1,570	1,610	2.3	2.2	2.3
Spanish	920	380	540	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	5,460	2,580	2,880	3.9	3.7	4.1
Hungarian	1,600	820	780	1.1	1.2	1.1
Acadian	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	185	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	525	270	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	970	525	450	0.7	0.7	0.6
Vietnamese	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	300	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,495	1,180	1,315	1.8	1.7	1.9
Korean	325	150	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	750	315	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	160	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,515	1,140	1,380	1.8	1.6	2.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,090	980	1,110	1.5	1.4	1.6
Sikh	725	400	320	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	1,500	760	745	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	530	300	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	210	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	355	175	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	1,300	655	635	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swiss	1,365	730	635	1.0	1.0	0.9
Finnish	1,340	665	670	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	755	370	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	515	235	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,475	695	780	1.1	1.0	1.1
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	680	350	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	625	315	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	135	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	295	165	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	220	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	365	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	260	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	180	60	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	235	105	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	200	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	785	415	375	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	139,880	70,375	69,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	115	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	49,445	22,945	26,495	35.3	32.6	38.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	14,140	6,725	7,415	10.1	9.6	10.7
Anabaptist	1,130	550	580	0.8	0.8	0.8
Anglican	3,205	1,465	1,740	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baptist	2,215	930	1,290	1.6	1.3	1.9
Catholic	15,630	7,425	8,205	11.2	10.6	11.8
Christian Orthodox	430	195	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	1,085	420	665	0.8	0.6	1.0
Latter Day Saints	1,095	535	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lutheran	1,645	755	895	1.2	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	195	65	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,485	655	830	1.1	0.9	1.2
Presbyterian	585	260	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,420	1,510	1,910	2.4	2.1	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,020	1,395	1,625	2.2	2.0	2.3
Hindu	755	405	350	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	615	305	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	2,725	1,415	1,310	1.9	2.0	1.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	595	290	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,245	510	735	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	84,080	44,340	39,735	60.1	63.0	57.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	138,605	69,755	68,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	120,990	60,975	60,010	87.3	87.4	87.2
Movers	17,615	8,775	8,835	12.7	12.6	12.8
Non-migrants	12,080	6,045	6,035	8.7	8.7	8.8
Migrants	5,535	2,730	2,800	4.0	3.9	4.1
Internal migrants	5,115	2,540	2,570	3.7	3.6	3.7
Intraprovincial migrants	3,610	1,735	1,870	2.6	2.5	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,500	805	695	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	420	190	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	132,905	66,830	66,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,015	39,800	38,210	58.7	59.6	57.8
Movers	54,885	27,025	27,860	41.3	40.4	42.2
Non-migrants	25,225	12,535	12,690	19.0	18.8	19.2
Migrants	29,665	14,495	15,175	22.3	21.7	23.0
Internal migrants	26,675	12,965	13,715	20.1	19.4	20.8
Intraprovincial migrants	21,335	10,220	11,110	16.1	15.3	16.8
Interprovincial migrants	5,340	2,740	2,600	4.0	4.1	3.9
External migrants	2,990	1,530	1,465	2.2	2.3	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,015	58,095	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,430	15,140	11,285	22.8	26.1	19.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,585	42,955	46,630	77.2	73.9	80.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,450	37,505	37,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,130	7,370	4,755	16.1	19.7	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,320	30,135	33,185	83.9	80.3	87.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	116,010	58,100	57,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,910	12,605	10,310	19.7	21.7	17.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	39,670	19,080	20,590	34.2	32.8	35.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,430	26,410	27,020	46.1	45.5	46.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,085	19,425	16,655	31.1	33.4	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,065	10,810	2,255	11.3	18.6	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,470	2,960	1,515	3.9	5.1	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,595	7,850	740	7.4	13.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,380	7,610	12,770	17.6	13.1	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,640	1,005	1,630	2.3	1.7	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,350	6,985	10,365	15.0	12.0	17.9
Bachelor's degree	11,755	4,595	7,160	10.1	7.9	12.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	470	720	1.0	0.8	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	505	260	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	3,350	1,380	1,970	2.9	2.4	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,450	37,505	37,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,140	5,985	4,165	13.4	16.0	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,060	12,235	12,820	33.2	32.6	33.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,250	19,290	20,960	53.3	51.4	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,185	13,825	12,365	34.7	36.9	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,155	7,580	1,580	12.1	20.2	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,090	2,020	1,075	4.1	5.4	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,070	5,560	510	8.0	14.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,205	5,520	9,685	20.2	14.7	25.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,820	725	1,100	2.4	1.9	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,065	5,465	8,590	18.6	14.6	22.6
Bachelor's degree	9,575	3,655	5,915	12.7	9.7	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	885	340	545	1.2	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	190	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,780	1,090	1,690	3.7	2.9	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	410	195	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	116,015	58,100	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	62,580	31,690	30,895	53.9	54.5	53.3
Education	3,960	875	3,085	3.4	1.5	5.3
13. Education	3,960	875	3,085	3.4	1.5	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	845	290	555	0.7	0.5	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	75	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	750	215	535	0.6	0.4	0.9
Humanities	2,095	775	1,320	1.8	1.3	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	495	125	370	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	585	140	450	0.5	0.2	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	215	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	305	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,985	1,265	2,725	3.4	2.2	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	140	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	55	865	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	515	155	360	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	775	210	565	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,355	660	695	1.2	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	9,810	2,800	7,010	8.5	4.8	12.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,270	215	1,055	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,525	2,575	5,950	7.3	4.4	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,645	820	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	830	375	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	345	235	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	705	435	1.0	1.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	935	590	340	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,750	13,840	905	12.7	23.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	1,050	890	165	0.9	1.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,610	2,310	295	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,065	3,910	155	3.5	6.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,605	4,495	115	4.0	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	2,335	2,220	115	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,950	1,875	1,075	2.5	3.2	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	645	265	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,305	1,610	695	2.0	2.8	1.2
Health and related fields	8,860	1,425	7,435	7.6	2.5	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	460	175	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,205	1,155	7,050	7.1	2.0	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,375	1,725	1,650	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,990	515	1,475	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	310	110	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	885	60	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,450	37,505	37,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,200	18,215	16,985	46.7	48.6	44.8
Education	2,675	520	2,160	3.5	1.4	5.7
13. Education	2,675	520	2,160	3.5	1.4	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	210	425	0.8	0.6	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	585	175	410	0.8	0.5	1.1
Humanities	1,540	555	990	2.0	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	385	95	290	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	435	115	320	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	235	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,225	985	2,240	4.3	2.6	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	50	715	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	405	115	295	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	610	150	455	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,100	530	570	1.5	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	7,465	1,995	5,465	9.9	5.3	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	180	885	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,395	1,815	4,575	8.5	4.8	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,285	595	690	1.7	1.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	690	295	385	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	105	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	165	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	955	620	335	1.3	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	525	260	1.0	1.4	0.7
25. Library science	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,625	9,890	735	14.1	26.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	855	710	145	1.1	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,995	1,745	245	2.6	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,865	2,745	120	3.8	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,160	3,070	85	4.2	8.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,685	1,590	95	2.2	4.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,345	1,450	890	3.1	3.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	170	295	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,870	1,280	595	2.5	3.4	1.6
Health and related fields	6,845	1,110	5,730	9.1	3.0	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	140	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,340	905	5,440	8.4	2.4	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,650	1,355	1,295	3.5	3.6	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,535	395	1,140	2.0	1.1	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	360	260	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	755	700	50	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	75,450	37,505	37,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,200	18,215	16,985	46.7	48.6	44.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,245	19,290	20,960	53.3	51.4	55.2
Location of study inside Canada	36,350	17,625	18,725	48.2	47.0	49.3
Same as province or territory of residence	30,015	14,445	15,565	39.8	38.5	41.0
Different than province or territory of residence	6,335	3,180	3,160	8.4	8.5	8.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,900	1,665	2,230	5.2	4.4	5.9
Americas	720	335	385	1.0	0.9	1.0
United States of America	630	295	330	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mexico	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	965	420	545	1.3	1.1	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	360	160	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	280	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,815	720	1,100	2.4	1.9	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	680	210	470	0.9	0.6	1.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	785	355	425	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	116,010	58,100	57,920	...	...	...
In the labour force	72,935	38,775	34,160	...	...	...
Employed	65,830	34,655	31,175	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,110	4,125	2,985	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,080	19,320	23,760	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.9	66.7	59.0	62.9	66.7	59.0
Employment rate	56.7	59.6	53.8	56.7	59.6	53.8
Unemployment rate	9.7	10.6	8.7	9.7	10.6	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	116,015	58,100	57,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	43,410	19,490	23,920	37.4	33.5	41.3
Worked	72,605	38,610	33,995	62.6	66.5	58.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,925	21,925	16,000	32.7	37.7	27.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,680	16,685	17,995	29.9	28.7	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.2	40.3	41.3	42.2	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	72,935	38,775	34,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	850	790	2.2	2.2	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	71,295	37,925	33,370	97.8	97.8	97.7
Employee	62,390	32,735	29,650	85.5	84.4	86.8
Permanent position	52,435	28,265	24,175	71.9	72.9	70.8
Temporary position	9,950	4,475	5,475	13.6	11.5	16.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,535	990	1,545	3.5	2.6	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,415	3,485	3,930	10.2	9.0	11.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,910	5,190	3,720	12.2	13.4	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	72,935	38,775	34,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	850	790	2.2	2.2	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	71,295	37,925	33,370	97.8	97.8	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	485	305	180	0.7	0.8	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,685	2,135	7,550	13.3	5.5	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,890	2,895	995	5.3	7.5	2.9
3 Health occupations	5,150	940	4,205	7.1	2.4	12.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,090	2,600	6,495	12.5	6.7	19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,270	435	835	1.7	1.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	16,900	6,680	10,215	23.2	17.2	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	17,145	15,750	1,390	23.5	40.6	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,575	2,610	965	4.9	6.7	2.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,110	3,580	530	5.6	9.2	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	72,935	38,775	34,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,640	850	790	2.2	2.2	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	71,295	37,925	33,370	97.8	97.8	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,740	3,365	1,375	6.5	8.7	4.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,235	1,005	230	1.7	2.6	0.7
22 Utilities	580	430	150	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	6,175	5,220	950	8.5	13.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	7,255	6,020	1,235	9.9	15.5	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	2,130	1,650	480	2.9	4.3	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,845	3,600	4,240	10.8	9.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,270	3,405	865	5.9	8.8	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	815	350	465	1.1	0.9	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,425	400	1,030	2.0	1.0	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	860	395	470	1.2	1.0	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,915	1,470	1,445	4.0	3.8	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,240	1,230	1,010	3.1	3.2	3.0
61 Educational services	5,620	1,405	4,215	7.7	3.6	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	9,450	1,620	7,835	13.0	4.2	22.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,185	530	655	1.6	1.4	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,525	1,860	2,665	6.2	4.8	7.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,365	1,835	1,530	4.6	4.7	4.5
91 Public administration	4,595	2,100	2,495	6.3	5.4	7.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	78,745	41,770	36,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,615	41,320	36,295	98.6	98.9	98.2
French	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	340	130	205	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	645	250	390	0.8	0.6	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	78,745	41,770	36,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	78,645	41,740	36,910	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	78,465	41,650	36,815	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	78,370	41,630	36,740	99.5	99.7	99.4
French	90	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	78,745	41,770	36,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,835	41,415	36,415	98.8	99.2	98.5
English	145	35	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	250	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	435	195	250	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	360	155	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	65,825	34,655	31,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,770	3,190	4,580	11.8	9.2	14.7
Worked outside Canada	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	10,310	7,840	2,470	15.7	22.6	7.9
Usual place of work	47,700	23,590	24,105	72.5	68.1	77.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	47,700	23,590	24,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	34,735	16,640	18,090	72.8	70.5	75.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,045	5,625	5,420	23.2	23.8	22.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,710	1,160	550	3.6	4.9	2.3
Commute to a different province or territory	205	160	40	0.4	0.7	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,005	31,430	26,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	52,570	28,820	23,745	90.6	91.7	89.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	49,130	27,330	21,800	84.7	87.0	82.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,445	1,490	1,950	5.9	4.7	7.3
Public transit	1,355	625	735	2.3	2.0	2.8
Walked	2,460	1,015	1,450	4.2	3.2	5.5
Bicycle	430	300	130	0.7	1.0	0.5
Other method	1,190	670	515	2.1	2.1	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,005	31,430	26,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	28,290	13,610	14,680	48.8	43.3	55.2
15 to 29 minutes	20,905	11,675	9,230	36.0	37.1	34.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,355	2,760	1,595	7.5	8.8	6.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,390	895	495	2.4	2.8	1.9
60 minutes and over	3,060	2,485	575	5.3	7.9	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,005	31,430	26,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,295	3,455	840	7.4	11.0	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,745	6,410	3,330	16.8	20.4	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,580	8,200	7,380	26.9	26.1	27.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,400	5,310	8,095	23.1	16.9	30.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,585	2,195	3,390	9.6	7.0	12.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,395	5,855	3,540	16.2	18.6	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,240	15,070	14,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,385	720	660	4.7	4.8	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,855	14,350	13,510	95.3	95.2	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,680	11,195	10,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,070	550	525	4.9	4.9	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	260	290	2.6	2.3	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	520	285	235	2.4	2.5	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,605	10,650	9,960	95.0	95.1	95.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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