Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Vancouver--CapilanoMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,055	55,275	60,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,935	8,180	7,755	13.7	14.8	12.8
0 to 4 years	4,525	2,335	2,195	3.9	4.2	3.6
5 to 9 years	5,320	2,755	2,575	4.6	5.0	4.2
10 to 14 years	6,090	3,095	2,995	5.2	5.6	4.9
15 to 64 years	76,735	36,730	40,005	66.1	66.4	65.8
15 to 19 years	6,350	3,255	3,105	5.5	5.9	5.1
20 to 24 years	6,075	3,180	2,895	5.2	5.8	4.8
25 to 29 years	6,810	3,320	3,490	5.9	6.0	5.7
30 to 34 years	7,655	3,670	3,985	6.6	6.6	6.6
35 to 39 years	8,200	3,925	4,275	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	8,095	3,730	4,365	7.0	6.7	7.2
45 to 49 years	8,100	3,735	4,360	7.0	6.8	7.2
50 to 54 years	8,840	4,145	4,690	7.6	7.5	7.7
55 to 59 years	8,530	3,990	4,540	7.3	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	8,075	3,780	4,295	7.0	6.8	7.1
65 years and over	23,385	10,360	13,025	20.1	18.7	21.4
65 to 69 years	6,720	3,175	3,540	5.8	5.7	5.8
70 to 74 years	5,720	2,585	3,130	4.9	4.7	5.1
75 to 79 years	4,290	1,930	2,360	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	3,035	1,300	1,735	2.6	2.4	2.9
85 years and over	3,620	1,370	2,250	3.1	2.5	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,020	840	1,185	1.7	1.5	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,250	445	805	1.1	0.8	1.3
95 to 99 years	305	85	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	45	5	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.8	12.8	13.7	14.8	12.8
15 to 64 years	66.1	66.4	65.8	66.1	66.4	65.8
65 years and over	20.1	18.7	21.4	20.1	18.7	21.4
85 years and over	3.1	2.5	3.7	3.1	2.5	3.7
Average age of the population	43.8	42.5	44.9	43.8	42.5	44.9
Median age of the population	44.4	42.8	45.6	44.4	42.8	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,555	...	...	27.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,075	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	3,045	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,685	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,610	...	...	25.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	12,715	...	...	25.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,050	...	...	32.2	...	...
2 persons	16,560	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	7,695	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	6,665	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,885	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,720	54,690	60,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,120	47,095	53,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,600	28,600	29,000	57.5	60.7	54.7
Married	48,210	23,890	24,315	48.2	50.7	45.9
Living common-law	9,390	4,705	4,680	9.4	10.0	8.8
Living common law - Never married	7,240	3,605	3,630	7.2	7.7	6.8
Living common law - Separated	290	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,705	870	835	1.7	1.8	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	42,520	18,495	24,030	42.5	39.3	45.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,545	14,190	13,355	27.5	30.1	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,440	955	1,490	2.4	2.0	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,405	2,420	4,985	7.4	5.1	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,130	935	4,200	5.1	2.0	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,115	...	...	52.0	...	...
3 persons	7,650	...	...	23.2	...	...
4 persons	6,585	...	...	20.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,575	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,875	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	23,185	...	...	70.4	...	...
With children⁶	13,050	...	...	39.6	...	...
Without children	10,130	...	...	30.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,695	...	...	14.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,095	...	...	3.3	...	...
Without children	3,600	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,050	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,040	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,010	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,720	54,690	60,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,675	45,090	46,585	79.9	82.4	77.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,755	27,900	27,855	48.6	51.0	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,050	1,010	4,040	4.4	1.8	6.7
Children⁶	30,870	16,180	14,690	26.9	29.6	24.5
In a two-parent family	23,845	12,445	11,395	20.8	22.8	19.0
In a one-parent family	7,030	3,735	3,295	6.1	6.8	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,040	9,600	13,445	20.1	17.6	22.4
Living alone	16,050	6,415	9,630	14.0	11.7	16.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,390	815	1,570	2.1	1.5	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,610	2,365	2,240	4.0	4.3	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,915	...	...	58.0	...	...
Couple-family households	24,755	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,550	...	...	25.2	...	...
Without children	12,205	...	...	24.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,160	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,055	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,450	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,920	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	16,045	...	...	32.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,795	46,515	52,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,485	44,960	50,525	96.6	96.7	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,000	40,800	45,200	52,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,535	44,980	50,555	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,000	37,200	40,800	46,000	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,810	41,630	46,180	88.9	89.5	88.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,000	34,400	40,800	50,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,385	33,660	34,720	69.2	72.4	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,400	35,600	42,000	50,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,420	32,285	42,135	75.3	69.4	80.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,000	9,700	9,300	9,000	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,715	2,700	4,020	6.8	5.8	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,480	5,480	5,320	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,440	12,200	14,230	26.8	26.2	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	9,500	9,000	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	98,920	46,545	52,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,530	44,895	50,635	96.6	96.5	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,700	88,300	57,000	71,700	88,300	57,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,585	44,910	50,675	96.6	96.5	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,150	66,300	47,200	56,150	66,300	47,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,100	41,710	46,390	89.1	89.6	88.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,700	87,000	52,150	68,700	87,000	52,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,635	33,800	34,835	69.4	72.6	66.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,200	84,200	50,840	67,200	84,200	50,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,335	32,095	42,240	75.1	69.0	80.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,760	10,380	11,040	10,760	10,380	11,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,625	2,610	4,015	6.7	5.6	7.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,630	5,930	7,090	6,630	5,930	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,500	12,150	14,345	26.8	26.1	27.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,520	9,350	9,660	9,520	9,350	9,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	98,920	46,545	52,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,665	17,585	14,080	32.0	37.8	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,500	84,000	68,500	75,500	84,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	106,600	124,400	84,400	106,600	124,400	84,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,290	12,270	16,025	28.6	26.4	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,800	17,000	18,600	20,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	43,880	29,960	36,000	43,880	29,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.4	91.6	83.8	88.4	91.6	83.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	61.3	67.4	71.8	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.7	8.4	16.2	11.7	8.4	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.4	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.4	5.9	4.4	3.4	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.8	3.7	2.9	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,795	46,515	52,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,310	1,555	1,755	3.4	3.4	3.4
With total income	95,485	44,960	50,525	96.6	96.6	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,605	4,200	5,405	10.1	9.3	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,520	4,060	5,460	10.0	9.0	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,105	5,295	7,805	13.7	11.8	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,505	4,390	6,115	11.0	9.8	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,945	3,775	5,170	9.4	8.4	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,845	3,370	4,480	8.2	7.5	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,210	2,775	3,435	6.5	6.2	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,175	2,485	2,690	5.4	5.5	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,110	2,065	2,040	4.3	4.6	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,415	1,720	1,700	3.6	3.8	3.4
$100,000 and over	17,055	10,830	6,230	17.9	24.1	12.3
$100,000 to $149,999	9,040	5,225	3,820	9.5	11.6	7.6
$150,000 and over	8,015	5,610	2,410	8.4	12.5	4.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,795	46,515	52,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,260	1,540	1,720	3.3	3.3	3.3
With after-tax income	95,535	44,980	50,555	96.7	96.7	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,110	4,420	5,695	10.6	9.8	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,880	4,170	5,705	10.3	9.3	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,690	5,980	8,715	15.4	13.3	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,105	5,115	6,990	12.7	11.4	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,410	4,455	5,960	10.9	9.9	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,555	3,810	4,745	9.0	8.5	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,530	3,185	3,345	6.8	7.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,010	2,495	2,515	5.2	5.5	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,845	2,030	1,810	4.0	4.5	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,955	1,695	1,260	3.1	3.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	11,440	7,630	3,810	12.0	17.0	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,565	2,775	1,790	4.8	6.2	3.5
$125,000 and over	6,875	4,850	2,025	7.2	10.8	4.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,795	46,515	52,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,415	12,855	17,555	30.8	27.6	33.6
With employment income	68,385	33,660	34,720	69.2	72.4	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,980	4,435	5,545	14.6	13.2	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,485	2,315	3,175	8.0	6.9	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,130	3,075	4,055	10.4	9.1	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,405	2,370	3,035	7.9	7.0	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,160	2,345	2,810	7.5	7.0	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,000	2,155	2,845	7.3	6.4	8.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,795	2,150	2,645	7.0	6.4	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,050	1,870	2,180	5.9	5.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,430	1,785	1,645	5.0	5.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	1,450	1,455	4.2	4.3	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	1,295	1,235	3.7	3.8	3.6
$100,000 and over	12,515	8,420	4,095	18.3	25.0	11.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,190	2,490	1,705	6.1	7.4	4.9
$125,000 and over	8,325	5,930	2,395	12.2	17.6	6.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,795	46,515	52,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,470	43,400	49,075	93.6	93.3	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	38,400	43,600	51,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,660	43,450	49,210	93.8	93.4	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,400	38,800	44,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,410	40,820	45,595	87.5	87.8	87.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,400	35,600	42,000	50,400	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,130	34,205	35,915	71.0	73.5	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	34,800	40,800	48,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,400	23,980	34,415	59.1	51.6	65.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,840	2,020	4,800	3,840	2,020	4,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,695	1,455	2,245	3.7	3.1	4.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,560	6,550	5,520	4,560	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	98,920	46,545	52,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,610	43,420	49,190	93.6	93.3	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,100	86,300	53,900	69,100	86,300	53,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,795	43,450	49,345	93.8	93.4	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,650	64,400	44,160	53,650	64,400	44,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,630	40,940	45,690	87.6	88.0	87.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,800	87,300	52,200	68,800	87,300	52,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,405	34,265	36,140	71.2	73.6	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,300	82,500	49,000	65,300	82,500	49,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,215	23,775	34,445	58.9	51.1	65.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,380	7,750	7,600	7,380	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,580	1,350	2,225	3.6	2.9	4.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,510	5,720	8,600	7,510	5,720	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	98,920	46,545	52,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,230	17,345	13,885	31.6	37.3	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	78,500	62,000	70,000	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,300	118,500	77,700	100,300	118,500	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,635	11,505	15,130	26.9	24.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	27,800	22,200	24,600	27,800	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,040	53,450	36,920	44,040	53,450	36,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	95.4	90.0	93.0	95.4	90.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	75.4	66.8	71.8	75.4	66.8
Government transfers (%)	6.9	4.7	10.1	6.9	4.7	10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.4	0.2	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,150	...	...	55,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	170,600	...	...	170,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	900	...	...	1.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	875	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,880	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,585	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,600	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,640	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,235	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,095	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,865	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,710	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,175	...	...	46.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,140	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,040	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,310	...	...	10.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,685	...	...	17.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,075	...	...	2.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	905	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,990	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,695	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,660	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,905	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,875	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,975	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,765	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,605	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,695	...	...	39.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,430	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,045	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,215	...	...	20.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,655	8,780	11,875	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	47,600	44,800	46,000	47,600	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	42,400	40,800	41,600	42,400	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	170,600	...	...	170,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,900	...	...	115,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	219,800	...	...	219,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,000	...	...	165,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,540	8,735	11,805	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,000	66,300	58,800	62,000	66,300	58,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,300	54,000	49,280	51,300	54,000	49,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,720	54,690	60,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,705	10,115	9,595	17.2	18.5	16.0
0 to 5 years	5,475	2,800	2,680	4.8	5.1	4.5
18 to 64 years	72,460	34,500	37,960	63.2	63.1	63.2
65 years and over	22,555	10,080	12,475	19.7	18.4	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,645	5,665	6,985	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,395	1,245	1,150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	575	295	280	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,250	3,255	4,005	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,000	1,165	1,835	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.4	11.6	11.0	10.4	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	12.3	12.0	12.2	12.3	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	10.4	10.6	10.5	10.4	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.4	10.5	10.0	9.4	10.5
65 years and over (%)	13.3	11.6	14.7	13.3	11.6	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,245	52,995	58,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,225	9,855	9,370	17.3	18.6	16.1
0 to 5 years	5,340	2,720	2,620	4.8	5.1	4.5
18 to 64 years	70,180	33,380	36,805	63.1	63.0	63.2
65 years and over	21,830	9,760	12,080	19.6	18.4	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,280	3,905	4,380	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,640	860	775	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	360	185	170	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,425	2,530	2,890	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,220	505	715	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	8.8	8.3	8.5	8.8	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7	6.9	6.6	6.7	6.9	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.6	7.9	7.7	7.6	7.9
65 years and over (%)	5.6	5.2	5.9	5.6	5.2	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,715	54,690	60,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,325	20,520	24,805	39.5	37.5	41.3
In bottom decile	12,075	5,550	6,525	10.5	10.1	10.9
In second decile	8,570	3,785	4,780	7.5	6.9	8.0
In third decile	7,945	3,540	4,400	6.9	6.5	7.3
In fourth decile	8,030	3,680	4,350	7.0	6.7	7.2
In fifth decile	8,705	3,960	4,735	7.6	7.2	7.9
In top half of the distribution	69,395	34,165	35,225	60.5	62.5	58.7
In sixth decile	9,065	4,290	4,775	7.9	7.8	8.0
In seventh decile	10,105	4,845	5,255	8.8	8.9	8.8
In eighth decile	11,020	5,325	5,695	9.6	9.7	9.5
In ninth decile	14,255	7,130	7,125	12.4	13.0	11.9
In top decile	24,950	12,580	12,370	21.7	23.0	20.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,715	...	...	114,715	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.425	...	...	0.425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.504	...	...	0.504	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.368	...	...	0.368	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,185	54,960	60,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,285	49,035	52,255	87.9	89.2	86.8
French only	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	11,550	4,965	6,585	10.0	9.0	10.9
Neither English nor French	2,290	930	1,360	2.0	1.7	2.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,185	54,960	60,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,105	52,800	57,305	95.6	96.1	95.2
French	1,840	850	985	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	1,005	405	600	0.9	0.7	1.0
Neither English nor French	2,240	905	1,335	1.9	1.6	2.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,185	54,960	60,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,280	52,710	57,565	95.7	95.9	95.6
Official languages	72,450	35,775	36,675	62.9	65.1	60.9
English	70,735	34,965	35,765	61.4	63.6	59.4
French	1,720	815	910	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-official languages	37,825	16,930	20,890	32.8	30.8	34.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,785	16,915	20,870	32.8	30.8	34.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	300	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	565	305	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	455	245	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,810	1,070	1,740	2.4	1.9	2.9
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	375	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,120	780	1,340	1.8	1.4	2.2
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,345	11,300	13,045	21.1	20.6	21.7
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,145	1,345	1,805	2.7	2.4	3.0
Baltic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,100	1,330	1,770	2.7	2.4	2.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	415	180	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Macedonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	625	270	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	960	380	585	0.8	0.7	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	425	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	320	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,110	935	1,175	1.8	1.7	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,355	595	765	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,275	555	720	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	445	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	305	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	14,985	7,140	7,845	13.0	13.0	13.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,350	630	725	1.2	1.1	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	290	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindi	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	13,635	6,515	7,120	11.8	11.9	11.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	13,440	6,410	7,035	11.7	11.7	11.7
Dari	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	12,195	5,820	6,370	10.6	10.6	10.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,100	510	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,775	1,725	2,045	3.3	3.1	3.4
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	600	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	755	335	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	2,105	975	1,135	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	845	275	575	0.7	0.5	1.0
Korean	2,240	920	1,320	1.9	1.7	2.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,715	2,460	3,255	5.0	4.5	5.4
Chinese languages	5,710	2,460	3,255	5.0	4.5	5.4
Hakka	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,765	1,625	2,145	3.3	3.0	3.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	175	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,665	725	945	1.4	1.3	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	410	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	285	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	410	185	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,910	2,255	2,660	4.3	4.1	4.4
English and French	570	305	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,640	1,650	1,990	3.2	3.0	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	485	210	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,185	54,960	60,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,220	36,810	38,410	65.3	67.0	63.8
French	470	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	12,400	5,680	6,725	10.8	10.3	11.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,390	5,680	6,715	10.8	10.3	11.1
English and French	1,435	685	750	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	23,940	10,855	13,090	20.8	19.8	21.7
French and non-official language(s)	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	920	375	550	0.8	0.7	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	750	320	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,185	54,960	60,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,195	52,710	57,490	95.7	95.9	95.5
Official languages	87,255	42,150	45,105	75.8	76.7	74.9
English	86,470	41,785	44,685	75.1	76.0	74.2
French	785	365	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official languages	22,945	10,560	12,380	19.9	19.2	20.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,940	10,555	12,380	19.9	19.2	20.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,635	690	945	1.4	1.3	1.6
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,295	535	760	1.1	1.0	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,570	6,865	7,700	12.6	12.5	12.8
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,395	645	745	1.2	1.2	1.2
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,380	640	735	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	545	235	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	85	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,915	5,165	5,750	9.5	9.4	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	615	275	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10,300	4,890	5,410	8.9	8.9	9.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10,185	4,835	5,355	8.8	8.8	8.9
Dari	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	9,315	4,430	4,880	8.1	8.1	8.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	770	355	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,810	850	965	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	460	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,095	520	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	430	170	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	1,725	735	990	1.5	1.3	1.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,835	1,725	2,115	3.3	3.1	3.5
Chinese languages	3,830	1,725	2,110	3.3	3.1	3.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,830	1,265	1,565	2.5	2.3	2.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	885	405	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,995	2,255	2,735	4.3	4.1	4.5
English and French	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,530	2,045	2,485	3.9	3.7	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,185	54,960	60,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,345	44,635	47,705	80.2	81.2	79.2
English	9,115	4,250	4,865	7.9	7.7	8.1
French	1,080	520	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	10,145	4,435	5,715	8.8	8.1	9.5
Indigenous³⁹	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10,060	4,395	5,665	8.7	8.0	9.4
English and French	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	865	425	440	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	445	185	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,000	450	550	0.9	0.8	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,840	54,685	60,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,545	53,650	58,895	98.0	98.1	97.9
English	112,505	53,640	58,860	98.0	98.1	97.8
French	11,385	4,890	6,500	9.9	8.9	10.8
Non-official languages	48,765	22,035	26,725	42.5	40.3	44.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	280	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Halkomelem	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Straits	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	48,455	21,880	26,575	42.2	40.0	44.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,095	515	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,085	510	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
Amharic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	825	395	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,160	1,550	2,610	3.6	2.8	4.3
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	570	185	385	0.5	0.3	0.6
Indonesian	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,845	1,445	2,400	3.3	2.6	4.0
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	210	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,095	14,975	17,125	27.9	27.4	28.5
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,850	1,695	2,160	3.4	3.1	3.6
Baltic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,785	1,665	2,125	3.3	3.0	3.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	550	235	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	750	335	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	1,450	615	840	1.3	1.1	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	625	295	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	390	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,150	1,915	2,235	3.6	3.5	3.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,720	1,230	1,490	2.4	2.2	2.5
German	2,685	1,205	1,485	2.3	2.2	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,050	520	530	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afrikaans	540	260	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	495	265	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	605	275	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	200	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	265	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	17,690	8,455	9,235	15.4	15.5	15.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,250	1,100	1,145	2.0	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	655	290	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hindi	840	440	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	850	415	435	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15,525	7,395	8,130	13.5	13.5	13.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15,385	7,335	8,040	13.4	13.4	13.4
Dari	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	14,115	6,750	7,370	12.3	12.3	12.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,225	580	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,270	3,280	3,985	6.3	6.0	6.6
Catalan	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italian	1,335	565	775	1.2	1.0	1.3
Portuguese	1,140	530	615	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	370	150	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	4,910	2,270	2,640	4.3	4.2	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,420	600	825	1.2	1.1	1.4
Korean	2,525	1,070	1,450	2.2	2.0	2.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,940	3,095	3,840	6.0	5.7	6.4
Chinese languages	6,925	3,085	3,840	6.0	5.6	6.4
Hakka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,405	2,445	2,965	4.7	4.5	4.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,205	945	1,260	1.9	1.7	2.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	890	390	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Azerbaijani	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kazakh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	765	320	445	0.7	0.6	0.7
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	465	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	310	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,845	54,690	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,375	1,645	1,730	2.9	3.0	2.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,285	1,605	1,685	2.9	2.9	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,580	1,250	1,335	2.2	2.3	2.2
Métis	710	360	355	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	111,470	53,040	58,430	97.1	97.0	97.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,845	54,690	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,185	1,025	1,160	1.9	1.9	1.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,660	53,665	58,995	98.1	98.1	98.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,880	...	...	60.0	...	...
Renter	19,540	...	...	39.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	405	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	18,740	...	...	37.6	...	...
Not condominium	31,085	...	...	62.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	980	...	...	2.0	...	...
1 bedroom	13,330	...	...	26.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,410	...	...	28.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,820	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,285	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	24,870	...	...	49.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,325	...	...	12.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,140	...	...	8.3	...	...
7 rooms	3,615	...	...	7.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,870	...	...	21.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,115	...	...	96.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,710	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,100	...	...	92.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,720	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,760	...	...	19.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,310	...	...	32.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,800	...	...	11.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,075	...	...	10.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,945	...	...	3.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,740	...	...	5.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,400	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,790	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,770	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,045	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,970	...	...	52.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,575	...	...	43.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	740	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,970	...	...	12.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,375	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,630	...	...	19.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,060	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,805	...	...	15.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,935	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,315	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,270	...	...	67.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,865	...	...	33.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,095	...	...	27.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,205	...	...	40.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,705	...	...	27.5	...	...
Not suitable only	2,250	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,885	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,205	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	895	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,610	...	...	59.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,760	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not in core need	37,605	...	...	82.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,695	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1	...	...	56.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,302	...	...	2,302	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,400,000	...	...	1,400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,548,000	...	...	1,548,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.8	...	...	44.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,946	...	...	1,946	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	405	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	140	...	...	140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	226	...	...	226	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,840	54,685	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,630	790	845	1.4	1.4	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,605	775	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,535	740	800	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis single ancestry	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,155	1,110	1,045	1.9	2.0	1.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,100	1,090	1,005	1.8	2.0	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,515	790	720	1.3	1.4	1.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	580	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,050	52,780	58,270	96.7	96.5	96.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,845	54,690	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,990	47,200	51,795	86.2	86.3	86.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,740	9,080	8,660	15.4	16.6	14.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,245	38,110	43,135	70.7	69.7	71.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,855	7,490	8,360	13.8	13.7	13.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,845	54,690	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,250	32,525	33,720	57.7	59.5	56.1
Immigrants⁸¹	43,880	19,935	23,945	38.2	36.5	39.8
Before 1980	7,925	3,450	4,470	6.9	6.3	7.4
1980 to 1990	4,160	1,945	2,220	3.6	3.6	3.7
1991 to 2000	8,265	3,555	4,710	7.2	6.5	7.8
2001 to 2010	10,290	4,555	5,735	9.0	8.3	9.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,240	6,430	6,815	11.5	11.8	11.3
2011 to 2015	6,955	3,405	3,550	6.1	6.2	5.9
2016 to 2021	6,285	3,020	3,265	5.5	5.5	5.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,715	2,225	2,490	4.1	4.1	4.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	43,880	19,935	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,275	1,600	1,675	7.5	8.0	7.0
5 to 14 years	6,630	3,305	3,330	15.1	16.6	13.9
15 to 24 years	6,520	2,770	3,750	14.9	13.9	15.7
25 to 44 years	21,725	9,450	12,270	49.5	47.4	51.2
45 years and over	5,730	2,815	2,915	13.1	14.1	12.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	43,880	19,935	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,855	1,780	2,075	8.8	8.9	8.7
Brazil	415	185	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombia	180	90	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyana	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	30	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	650	280	365	1.5	1.4	1.5
Peru	165	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	45	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	1,640	795	855	3.7	4.0	3.6
Other places of birth in Americas	620	270	350	1.4	1.4	1.5
Europe	11,400	5,185	6,210	26.0	26.0	25.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	145	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Croatia	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	355	200	155	0.8	1.0	0.6
Germany	895	380	520	2.0	1.9	2.2
Greece	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	170	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italy	475	225	250	1.1	1.1	1.0
Netherlands	315	165	145	0.7	0.8	0.6
Poland	525	235	290	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portugal	145	40	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romania	345	135	210	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian Federation	535	185	350	1.2	0.9	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	300	125	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,695	2,235	2,460	10.7	11.2	10.3
Other places of birth in Europe	2,190	985	1,200	5.0	4.9	5.0
Africa	2,230	1,090	1,140	5.1	5.5	4.8
Algeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somalia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	935	450	485	2.1	2.3	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,035	475	560	2.4	2.4	2.3
Asia	25,490	11,425	14,070	58.1	57.3	58.8
Afghanistan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	11,675	5,570	6,100	26.6	27.9	25.5
Iraq	90	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	90	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	160	50	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
China⁹⁰	3,270	1,425	1,850	7.5	7.1	7.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,020	430	585	2.3	2.2	2.4
Korea, South⁹²	1,660	675	985	3.8	3.4	4.1
Taiwan	565	260	310	1.3	1.3	1.3
Philippines	3,730	1,445	2,285	8.5	7.2	9.5
Viet Nam	115	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	1,035	545	490	2.4	2.7	2.0
Pakistan	150	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,725	710	1,020	3.9	3.6	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	910	455	450	2.1	2.3	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,285	3,025	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	835	415	425	13.3	13.7	13.0
Brazil	230	110	120	3.7	3.6	3.7
Colombia	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	135	75	60	2.1	2.5	1.8
United States of America	305	160	145	4.9	5.3	4.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	135	50	75	2.1	1.7	2.3
Europe	1,285	680	605	20.4	22.5	18.5
France	110	60	55	1.8	2.0	1.7
Germany	75	40	35	1.2	1.3	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	50	35	15	0.8	1.2	0.5
Italy	30	10	15	0.5	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	75	40	40	1.2	1.3	1.2
Ukraine	70	20	50	1.1	0.7	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	465	265	205	7.4	8.8	6.3
Other places of birth in Europe	410	215	200	6.5	7.1	6.1
Africa	255	135	120	4.1	4.5	3.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	60	75	2.1	2.0	2.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Asia	3,645	1,640	1,995	58.0	54.2	61.1
Afghanistan	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	550	240	305	8.8	7.9	9.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
India	235	140	85	3.7	4.6	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	1,515	725	795	24.1	24.0	24.3
Iraq	35	15	25	0.6	0.5	0.8
Israel	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Japan	65	15	45	1.0	0.5	1.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	220	70	145	3.5	2.3	4.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	770	340	435	12.3	11.2	13.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Turkey	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	55	1.1	0.7	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	270	155	115	4.3	5.1	3.5
Australia	180	90	85	2.9	3.0	2.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	95	65	30	1.5	2.1	0.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,845	54,690	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	50,545	23,140	27,400	44.0	42.3	45.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,480	12,320	13,155	22.2	22.5	21.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	38,820	19,220	19,600	33.8	35.1	32.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	35,960	16,485	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25,800	12,220	13,580	71.7	74.1	69.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,780	6,180	4,605	30.0	37.5	23.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,020	6,040	8,975	41.8	36.6	46.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,190	2,780	4,405	20.0	16.9	22.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,675	1,345	1,325	7.4	8.2	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	300	135	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	35,960	16,485	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,100	570	530	3.1	3.5	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,655	2,335	3,320	15.7	14.2	17.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,225	585	640	3.4	3.5	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,910	885	1,025	5.3	5.4	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	150	60	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25,915	12,045	13,870	72.1	73.1	71.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,840	54,685	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	41,470	19,100	22,370	36.1	34.9	37.2
South Asian	3,850	1,905	1,945	3.4	3.5	3.2
Chinese	8,425	3,880	4,545	7.3	7.1	7.6
Black	755	365	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Filipino	4,895	2,030	2,860	4.3	3.7	4.8
Arab	620	315	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latin American	1,985	885	1,100	1.7	1.6	1.8
Southeast Asian	685	305	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	14,155	6,785	7,370	12.3	12.4	12.3
Korean	2,665	1,150	1,515	2.3	2.1	2.5
Japanese	1,430	560	875	1.2	1.0	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	560	305	260	0.5	0.6	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,440	635	810	1.3	1.2	1.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,370	35,585	37,785	63.9	65.1	62.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,840	54,685	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,995	4,730	4,265	7.8	8.6	7.1
English	24,755	11,910	12,845	21.6	21.8	21.4
Irish	14,880	7,125	7,755	13.0	13.0	12.9
Scottish	18,440	9,150	9,290	16.1	16.7	15.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,890	2,840	3,050	5.1	5.2	5.1
German	9,865	4,660	5,210	8.6	8.5	8.7
Chinese	8,100	3,705	4,400	7.1	6.8	7.3
Italian	4,725	2,355	2,370	4.1	4.3	3.9
Indian (India)	2,765	1,350	1,425	2.4	2.5	2.4
Ukrainian	3,910	1,870	2,040	3.4	3.4	3.4
Dutch	3,230	1,610	1,620	2.8	2.9	2.7
Polish	3,070	1,400	1,675	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	145	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,975	2,840	3,135	5.2	5.2	5.2
Filipino	4,625	1,930	2,695	4.0	3.5	4.5
French Canadian	1,005	535	470	0.9	1.0	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,200	1,065	1,135	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,415	725	690	1.2	1.3	1.1
Métis	740	370	365	0.6	0.7	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,540	1,155	1,385	2.2	2.1	2.3
Russian	2,570	1,265	1,305	2.2	2.3	2.2
Norwegian	2,340	1,090	1,250	2.0	2.0	2.1
Welsh	2,440	1,150	1,290	2.1	2.1	2.1
Portuguese	870	390	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
American	1,605	770	835	1.4	1.4	1.4
Spanish	1,800	830	970	1.6	1.5	1.6
Swedish	2,190	1,000	1,190	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hungarian	1,135	485	655	1.0	0.9	1.1
Acadian	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	1,010	505	500	0.9	0.9	0.8
Punjabi	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	275	90	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	275	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Greek	740	330	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jamaican	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,110	460	650	1.0	0.8	1.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	2,625	1,140	1,480	2.3	2.1	2.5
Romanian	750	310	440	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	290	115	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	12,415	5,850	6,560	10.8	10.7	10.9
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	100	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	1,125	545	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	1,170	545	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	440	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	1,175	535	635	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mennonite	190	135	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	865	400	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Finnish	630	320	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	650	330	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Japanese	1,520	620	905	1.3	1.1	1.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	700	365	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Muslim	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	525	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombian	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	915	400	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Syrian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	435	195	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	430	195	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ontarian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	4,265	2,095	2,165	3.7	3.8	3.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	420	135	285	0.4	0.2	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	490	260	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigerian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	205	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	530	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	420	180	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraqi	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	355	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	795	360	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Australian	835	370	465	0.7	0.7	0.8
Palestinian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	280	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	190	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albertan	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	215	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern Irish	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	325	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,840	54,685	60,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,010	415	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
Christian	39,655	17,140	22,510	34.5	31.3	37.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,795	3,510	4,280	6.8	6.4	7.1
Anabaptist	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anglican	4,445	1,840	2,605	3.9	3.4	4.3
Baptist	955	415	545	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catholic	15,735	6,965	8,770	13.7	12.7	14.6
Christian Orthodox	1,440	625	820	1.3	1.1	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	280	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,065	445	620	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	525	195	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Presbyterian	1,075	485	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Reformed	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,975	1,470	2,505	3.5	2.7	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,895	855	1,050	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hindu	490	270	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	870	430	445	0.8	0.8	0.7
Muslim	10,180	4,740	5,435	8.9	8.7	9.0
Sikh	750	340	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	335	135	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,020	800	1,220	1.8	1.5	2.0
No religion and secular perspectives	59,535	30,415	29,120	51.8	55.6	48.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,925	54,170	59,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	97,130	46,025	51,100	85.3	85.0	85.5
Movers	16,805	8,145	8,660	14.8	15.0	14.5
Non-migrants	10,045	4,810	5,235	8.8	8.9	8.8
Migrants	6,755	3,335	3,420	5.9	6.2	5.7
Internal migrants	4,775	2,345	2,425	4.2	4.3	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,695	1,830	1,865	3.2	3.4	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,075	515	560	0.9	1.0	0.9
External migrants	1,980	985	995	1.7	1.8	1.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,180	52,310	57,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,095	29,200	32,895	56.4	55.8	56.8
Movers	48,085	23,115	24,975	43.6	44.2	43.2
Non-migrants	13,910	6,785	7,130	12.6	13.0	12.3
Migrants	34,175	16,325	17,845	31.0	31.2	30.8
Internal migrants	24,335	11,740	12,595	22.1	22.4	21.8
Intraprovincial migrants	20,410	9,790	10,620	18.5	18.7	18.4
Interprovincial migrants	3,925	1,945	1,975	3.6	3.7	3.4
External migrants	9,835	4,590	5,255	8.9	8.8	9.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,915	46,540	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,820	4,495	4,325	8.9	9.7	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	90,100	42,050	48,050	91.1	90.4	91.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,095	30,165	33,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,170	1,245	925	3.4	4.1	2.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,925	28,920	33,005	96.6	95.9	97.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,920	46,545	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,835	3,920	3,915	7.9	8.4	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,875	11,050	11,830	23.1	23.7	22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,210	31,580	36,630	69.0	67.8	69.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,465	11,235	13,230	24.7	24.1	25.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,185	3,450	1,735	5.2	7.4	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,430	1,285	1,140	2.5	2.8	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,755	2,165	590	2.8	4.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,865	6,070	8,800	15.0	13.0	16.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,410	1,715	2,700	4.5	3.7	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,745	20,345	23,400	44.2	43.7	44.7
Bachelor's degree	26,895	12,125	14,770	27.2	26.1	28.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,260	1,305	1,955	3.3	2.8	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,450	770	685	1.5	1.7	1.3
Master's degree	10,415	5,085	5,330	10.5	10.9	10.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,725	1,060	665	1.7	2.3	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,095	30,165	33,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,680	935	745	2.6	3.1	2.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,040	5,840	5,195	17.2	19.4	15.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,380	23,390	27,990	80.2	77.5	82.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,850	7,925	8,925	26.3	26.3	26.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,330	2,300	1,035	5.2	7.6	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,555	860	695	2.4	2.9	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,775	1,435	340	2.8	4.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,360	4,410	5,950	16.2	14.6	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,155	1,220	1,940	4.9	4.0	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,530	15,460	19,070	53.9	51.3	56.2
Bachelor's degree	21,380	9,370	12,005	33.4	31.1	35.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,320	880	1,440	3.6	2.9	4.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,105	545	560	1.7	1.8	1.7
Master's degree	8,505	3,975	4,530	13.3	13.2	13.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,225	690	535	1.9	2.3	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,920	46,545	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,705	14,965	15,740	31.0	32.2	30.1
Education	4,035	805	3,235	4.1	1.7	6.2
13. Education	4,035	805	3,235	4.1	1.7	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,165	1,705	2,455	4.2	3.7	4.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	535	420	120	0.5	0.9	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,625	1,285	2,340	3.7	2.8	4.5
Humanities	4,305	1,475	2,825	4.4	3.2	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	610	95	520	0.6	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,305	320	985	1.3	0.7	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,125	455	675	1.1	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	265	160	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	575	310	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	15	160	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,795	3,520	6,280	9.9	7.6	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	30	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,155	410	740	1.2	0.9	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	975	90	880	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	2,000	820	1,180	2.0	1.8	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	70	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,745	380	1,360	1.8	0.8	2.6
45. Social sciences	3,535	1,720	1,815	3.6	3.7	3.5
Business, management and public administration	15,720	7,405	8,315	15.9	15.9	15.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	125	380	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,195	7,280	7,920	15.4	15.6	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,345	1,660	1,685	3.4	3.6	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,230	470	755	1.2	1.0	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	795	365	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,125	750	375	1.1	1.6	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,105	1,945	1,160	3.1	4.2	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,295	1,595	700	2.3	3.4	1.3
25. Library science	230	40	190	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	480	240	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,510	9,275	2,230	11.6	19.9	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	1,115	620	495	1.1	1.3	0.9
14. Engineering	5,715	4,400	1,315	5.8	9.5	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,705	1,400	305	1.7	3.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,555	1,490	65	1.6	3.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	890	870	20	0.9	1.9	0.0
48. Precision production	525	490	30	0.5	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,075	560	510	1.1	1.2	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	610	290	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	465	270	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	8,765	2,105	6,660	8.9	4.5	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	925	455	465	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,325	1,375	5,950	7.4	3.0	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	500	275	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,375	1,115	1,260	2.4	2.4	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,590	460	1,125	1.6	1.0	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	205	65	0.3	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	435	70	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,095	30,165	33,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,715	6,775	5,940	19.8	22.5	17.5
Education	2,530	470	2,055	3.9	1.6	6.1
13. Education	2,530	470	2,055	3.9	1.6	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,165	1,300	1,870	4.9	4.3	5.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	390	310	75	0.6	1.0	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,775	985	1,795	4.3	3.3	5.3
Humanities	3,260	1,140	2,120	5.1	3.8	6.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	480	60	420	0.7	0.2	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	960	235	725	1.5	0.8	2.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	890	375	515	1.4	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235	135	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	410	235	180	0.6	0.8	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	10	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,765	2,635	5,125	12.1	8.7	15.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	15	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,010	355	650	1.6	1.2	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	70	640	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,595	575	1,020	2.5	1.9	3.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	55	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,360	270	1,090	2.1	0.9	3.2
45. Social sciences	2,785	1,290	1,495	4.3	4.3	4.4
Business, management and public administration	12,280	5,660	6,620	19.2	18.8	19.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	355	80	270	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,915	5,580	6,335	18.6	18.5	18.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,355	1,030	1,315	3.7	3.4	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	945	350	600	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	235	320	0.9	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	730	425	305	1.1	1.4	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,560	1,625	935	4.0	5.4	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,060	1,435	630	3.2	4.8	1.9
25. Library science	135	20	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	290	120	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,595	6,695	1,895	13.4	22.2	5.6
04. Architecture and related services	865	435	430	1.3	1.4	1.3
14. Engineering	4,465	3,315	1,155	7.0	11.0	3.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,150	905	250	1.8	3.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,165	1,125	40	1.8	3.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	585	585	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
48. Precision production	355	330	25	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	470	425	1.4	1.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	225	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	245	175	0.7	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	6,290	1,590	4,700	9.8	5.3	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	710	360	345	1.1	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,215	1,040	4,175	8.1	3.4	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	360	190	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,680	765	915	2.6	2.5	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	315	810	1.8	1.0	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	210	170	45	0.3	0.6	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	280	55	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,095	30,165	33,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,715	6,775	5,940	19.8	22.5	17.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,375	23,390	27,990	80.2	77.5	82.5
Location of study inside Canada	32,605	15,170	17,430	50.9	50.3	51.4
Same as province or territory of residence	24,865	11,420	13,445	38.8	37.9	39.6
Different than province or territory of residence	7,740	3,750	3,985	12.1	12.4	11.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,775	8,215	10,555	29.3	27.2	31.1
Americas	3,060	1,505	1,555	4.8	5.0	4.6
United States of America	1,990	1,045	945	3.1	3.5	2.8
Mexico	425	200	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	360	150	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	4,300	2,125	2,180	6.7	7.0	6.4
Belgium	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	305	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	195	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	80	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungary	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	270	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	145	50	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	135	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,950	975	980	3.0	3.2	2.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	585	260	325	0.9	0.9	1.0
Africa	460	245	215	0.7	0.8	0.6
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	355	190	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10,295	4,025	6,265	16.1	13.3	18.5
Iran⁸⁸	4,860	2,080	2,775	7.6	6.9	8.2
Iraq	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israel	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,300	510	790	2.0	1.7	2.3
Taiwan	150	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	335	115	225	0.5	0.4	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	790	205	585	1.2	0.7	1.7
Philippines	1,765	560	1,200	2.8	1.9	3.5
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	415	225	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	325	150	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Oceania	665	325	340	1.0	1.1	1.0
Australia	510	240	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
New Zealand	155	85	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	98,920	46,545	52,370	...	...	...
In the labour force	64,920	32,750	32,175	...	...	...
Employed	59,675	30,270	29,405	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,240	2,475	2,765	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,995	13,795	20,200	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.6	70.4	61.4	65.6	70.4	61.4
Employment rate	60.3	65.0	56.1	60.3	65.0	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.1	7.6	8.6	8.1	7.6	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	98,920	46,545	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,910	14,310	20,600	35.3	30.7	39.3
Worked	64,005	32,235	31,770	64.7	69.3	60.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,115	18,585	14,530	33.5	39.9	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,895	13,650	17,245	31.2	29.3	32.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	42.1	39.6	40.9	42.1	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,920	32,750	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,435	675	760	2.2	2.1	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,490	32,075	31,415	97.8	97.9	97.6
Employee	49,600	23,870	25,730	76.4	72.9	80.0
Permanent position	40,450	19,850	20,605	62.3	60.6	64.0
Temporary position	9,150	4,020	5,130	14.1	12.3	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,205	1,420	1,785	4.9	4.3	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,945	2,600	3,345	9.2	7.9	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,890	8,205	5,680	21.4	25.1	17.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,920	32,750	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,435	675	760	2.2	2.1	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,490	32,075	31,415	97.8	97.9	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,640	1,190	450	2.5	3.6	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,540	4,840	8,705	20.9	14.8	27.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,700	5,025	1,670	10.3	15.3	5.2
3 Health occupations	4,865	1,095	3,770	7.5	3.3	11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,275	2,680	5,595	12.7	8.2	17.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,500	2,210	2,285	6.9	6.7	7.1
6 Sales and service occupations	15,330	7,420	7,915	23.6	22.7	24.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,100	6,430	665	10.9	19.6	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	645	495	150	1.0	1.5	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	895	680	210	1.4	2.1	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,920	32,750	32,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,435	675	760	2.2	2.1	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	63,490	32,075	31,415	97.8	97.9	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	280	195	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	375	255	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
22 Utilities	325	220	110	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	4,350	3,680	675	6.7	11.2	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,330	1,620	710	3.6	4.9	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,790	1,145	640	2.8	3.5	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,345	3,655	3,690	11.3	11.2	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,230	1,630	595	3.4	5.0	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	2,825	1,805	1,025	4.4	5.5	3.2
52 Finance and insurance	3,610	1,700	1,920	5.6	5.2	6.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,385	1,345	1,035	3.7	4.1	3.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,715	5,510	4,205	15.0	16.8	13.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	230	95	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,325	1,295	1,035	3.6	4.0	3.2
61 Educational services	5,025	1,660	3,365	7.7	5.1	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,530	1,540	5,995	11.6	4.7	18.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,970	930	1,040	3.0	2.8	3.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,530	1,635	1,895	5.4	5.0	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,570	900	1,670	4.0	2.7	5.2
91 Public administration	2,740	1,260	1,480	4.2	3.8	4.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,260	34,700	34,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,755	32,075	31,680	92.1	92.4	91.7
French	115	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	880	455	425	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	880	455	425	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	735	305	425	1.1	0.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,605	1,760	1,845	5.2	5.1	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,260	34,700	34,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,545	34,335	34,210	99.0	98.9	99.0
Official languages	66,770	33,400	33,365	96.4	96.3	96.5
English	66,495	33,350	33,140	96.0	96.1	95.9
French	275	50	225	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	1,775	930	845	2.6	2.7	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,770	925	845	2.6	2.7	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	915	510	405	1.3	1.5	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	715	415	295	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	705	415	295	1.0	1.2	0.9
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	705	415	295	1.0	1.2	0.9
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	645	370	270	0.9	1.1	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	225	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	530	280	250	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese languages	525	275	250	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	460	240	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	720	365	355	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	630	320	310	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,260	34,700	34,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	65,400	32,870	32,530	94.4	94.7	94.1
English	960	455	505	1.4	1.3	1.5
French	525	260	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	2,010	940	1,065	2.9	2.7	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,995	935	1,060	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	110	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	175	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,680	30,270	29,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	19,470	9,605	9,860	32.6	31.7	33.5
Worked outside Canada	310	220	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
No fixed workplace address	6,715	4,725	1,990	11.3	15.6	6.8
Usual place of work	33,185	15,720	17,465	55.6	51.9	59.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,190	15,720	17,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,095	4,630	6,465	33.4	29.5	37.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,675	10,830	10,845	65.3	68.9	62.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	290	190	100	0.9	1.2	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	130	75	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,900	20,445	19,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,305	15,460	12,840	70.9	75.6	66.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,860	14,635	11,225	64.8	71.6	57.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,445	825	1,620	6.1	4.0	8.3
Public transit	5,355	2,210	3,140	13.4	10.8	16.1
Walked	4,115	1,560	2,550	10.3	7.6	13.1
Bicycle	875	600	275	2.2	2.9	1.4
Other method	1,255	615	635	3.1	3.0	3.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,900	20,445	19,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,965	5,360	6,605	30.0	26.2	34.0
15 to 29 minutes	15,160	7,800	7,355	38.0	38.2	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	8,150	4,640	3,510	20.4	22.7	18.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,735	1,515	1,215	6.9	7.4	6.2
60 minutes and over	1,895	1,125	765	4.7	5.5	3.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,900	20,445	19,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,625	1,070	555	4.1	5.2	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,300	3,380	1,920	13.3	16.5	9.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,720	5,085	4,635	24.4	24.9	23.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,185	4,675	5,510	25.5	22.9	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,955	3,655	4,300	19.9	17.9	22.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,115	2,580	2,535	12.8	12.6	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,165	10,325	9,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,835	895	945	9.1	8.7	9.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,325	9,435	8,890	90.9	91.4	90.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,310	7,835	7,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,430	685	750	9.3	8.7	10.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	910	435	475	5.9	5.6	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	250	275	3.4	3.2	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,880	7,145	6,735	90.7	91.2	90.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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