Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Cowichan, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	31,990	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	29,696^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,266	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,741	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	163.7	...	...	163.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	195.41	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	31,990	15,465	16,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,455	2,235	2,220	13.9	14.5	13.4
0 to 4 years	1,275	655	620	4.0	4.2	3.8
5 to 9 years	1,535	780	755	4.8	5.0	4.6
10 to 14 years	1,640	800	845	5.1	5.2	5.1
15 to 64 years	18,370	8,865	9,505	57.4	57.3	57.5
15 to 19 years	1,545	785	755	4.8	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	1,305	690	620	4.1	4.5	3.8
25 to 29 years	1,330	665	660	4.2	4.3	4.0
30 to 34 years	1,645	820	830	5.1	5.3	5.0
35 to 39 years	1,780	815	965	5.6	5.3	5.8
40 to 44 years	1,745	855	890	5.5	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	1,730	840	895	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	1,980	925	1,055	6.2	6.0	6.4
55 to 59 years	2,490	1,150	1,340	7.8	7.4	8.1
60 to 64 years	2,815	1,325	1,490	8.8	8.6	9.0
65 years and over	9,170	4,365	4,805	28.7	28.2	29.1
65 to 69 years	2,865	1,360	1,505	9.0	8.8	9.1
70 to 74 years	2,620	1,265	1,355	8.2	8.2	8.2
75 to 79 years	1,720	810	910	5.4	5.2	5.5
80 to 84 years	1,080	540	540	3.4	3.5	3.3
85 years and over	890	395	490	2.8	2.6	3.0
85 to 89 years	570	275	300	1.8	1.8	1.8
90 to 94 years	235	100	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	65	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.5	13.4	13.9	14.5	13.4
15 to 64 years	57.4	57.3	57.5	57.4	57.3	57.5
65 years and over	28.7	28.2	29.1	28.7	28.2	29.1
85 years and over	2.8	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.6	3.0
Average age of the population	47.3	46.6	47.9	47.3	46.6	47.9
Median age of the population	51.2	50.0	52.0	51.2	50.0	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,590	...	...	62.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,005	...	...	7.3	...	...
Row house	955	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,740	...	...	12.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	610	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,895	...	...	28.3	...	...
2 persons	5,680	...	...	41.3	...	...
3 persons	1,885	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	1,425	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	860	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,390	15,145	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	27,540	13,225	14,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	16,560	8,240	8,315	60.1	62.3	58.1
Married	13,380	6,670	6,710	48.6	50.4	46.9
Living common-law	3,175	1,575	1,605	11.5	11.9	11.2
Living common law - Never married	1,950	990	960	7.1	7.5	6.7
Living common law - Separated	150	80	75	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	935	435	495	3.4	3.3	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	140	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	10,980	4,985	5,990	39.9	37.7	41.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,050	3,295	2,760	22.0	24.9	19.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	875	380	495	3.2	2.9	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,280	885	1,395	8.3	6.7	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,775	430	1,345	6.4	3.3	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,030	...	...	63.1	...	...
3 persons	1,710	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	1,270	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 or more persons	540	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,110	...	...	84.8	...	...
Married couples	6,520	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,445	...	...	25.6	...	...
Without children	4,075	...	...	42.6	...	...
Common-law couples	1,585	...	...	16.6	...	...
With children⁶	560	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	1,030	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,450	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,100	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	355	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	31,390	15,145	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	25,200	12,415	12,780	80.3	82.0	78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,215	8,075	8,135	51.7	53.3	50.1
Parents in one-parent families	1,455	355	1,095	4.6	2.3	6.7
Children⁶	7,535	3,985	3,545	24.0	26.3	21.8
In a two-parent family	5,355	2,780	2,575	17.1	18.4	15.9
In a one-parent family	2,180	1,205	970	6.9	8.0	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,195	2,730	3,460	19.7	18.0	21.3
Living alone	3,895	1,590	2,305	12.4	10.5	14.2
Living with other relatives⁷	830	345	485	2.6	2.3	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	1,465	790	670	4.7	5.2	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,220	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	7,170	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,605	...	...	19.0	...	...
Without children	4,565	...	...	33.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,045	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	335	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	620	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	575	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	3,895	...	...	28.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,960	12,930	14,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,285	12,600	13,685	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	34,800	40,000	46,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,300	12,605	13,690	97.6	97.5	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,400	36,800	42,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,645	11,555	12,095	87.7	89.4	86.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	40,000	25,200	31,600	40,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,880	8,445	8,435	62.6	65.3	60.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,400	28,400	34,000	42,400	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,605	10,425	12,180	83.8	80.6	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	13,100	13,100	13,100	13,100	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,285	1,140	1,145	8.5	8.8	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,480	5,160	5,360	5,480	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,130	2,840	3,290	22.7	22.0	23.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,005	12,955	14,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,235	12,575	13,655	97.1	97.1	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	57,950	42,240	49,760	57,950	42,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,255	12,590	13,665	97.2	97.2	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	49,000	37,440	42,960	49,000	37,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,600	11,570	12,030	87.4	89.3	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,240	52,100	34,720	43,240	52,100	34,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,895	8,595	8,300	62.6	66.3	59.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,880	51,800	35,680	43,880	51,800	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,645	10,435	12,210	83.9	80.5	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,610	12,120	13,040	12,610	12,120	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,280	1,125	1,155	8.4	8.7	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,340	5,830	6,840	6,340	5,830	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,025	2,730	3,290	22.3	21.1	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,580	8,250	8,850	8,580	8,250	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,010	12,955	14,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,080	3,970	3,110	26.2	30.6	22.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	66,500	54,000	59,600	66,500	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	75,300	58,600	68,000	75,300	58,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,345	3,375	3,970	27.2	26.1	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,200	17,000	20,400	25,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,880	37,360	23,560	29,880	37,360	23,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	82.6	72.4	78.2	82.6	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.8	61.1	51.3	56.8	61.1	51.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.9	17.4	27.6	21.9	17.4	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.0	6.7	5.2	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.1	5.1	4.0	3.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,960	12,925	14,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	675	330	350	2.5	2.6	2.5
With total income	26,285	12,600	13,685	97.5	97.5	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,980	820	1,160	7.5	6.5	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,135	1,140	1,995	11.9	9.0	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,225	1,680	2,550	16.1	13.3	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,780	1,645	2,135	14.4	13.1	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,230	1,525	1,700	12.3	12.1	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,565	1,240	1,325	9.8	9.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,825	1,005	820	6.9	8.0	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,465	830	640	5.6	6.6	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	670	380	4.0	5.3	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	825	515	315	3.1	4.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,205	1,545	665	8.4	12.3	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	1,600	1,110	490	6.1	8.8	3.6
$150,000 and over	610	430	175	2.3	3.4	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,960	12,925	14,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	660	320	345	2.4	2.5	2.5
With after-tax income	26,295	12,610	13,690	97.5	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,090	855	1,235	7.9	6.8	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,295	1,195	2,100	12.5	9.5	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,775	1,910	2,865	18.2	15.1	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,305	1,955	2,355	16.4	15.5	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	3,560	1,720	1,840	13.5	13.6	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,590	1,365	1,225	9.8	10.8	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,840	1,060	780	7.0	8.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,290	800	485	4.9	6.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	870	575	295	3.3	4.6	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	535	360	180	2.0	2.9	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,145	810	335	4.4	6.4	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	665	470	190	2.5	3.7	1.4
$125,000 and over	480	335	140	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,960	12,925	14,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,075	4,485	5,595	37.4	34.7	39.9
With employment income	16,885	8,445	8,440	62.6	65.3	60.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,680	1,220	1,460	15.9	14.4	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,285	540	745	7.6	6.4	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	2,050	830	1,215	12.1	9.8	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,690	740	945	10.0	8.8	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,645	705	935	9.7	8.3	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,580	755	820	9.4	8.9	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,345	675	675	8.0	8.0	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,020	580	445	6.0	6.9	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	855	520	335	5.1	6.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	715	455	260	4.2	5.4	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	580	375	205	3.4	4.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,440	1,045	395	8.5	12.4	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	755	530	230	4.5	6.3	2.7
$125,000 and over	685	520	170	4.1	6.2	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,960	12,930	14,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,760	12,335	13,430	95.5	95.4	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,600	32,000	38,000	45,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,825	12,350	13,480	95.8	95.5	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,200	34,400	40,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,545	11,475	12,070	87.3	88.7	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	41,200	26,400	32,800	41,200	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,175	9,155	9,020	67.4	70.8	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	27,200	32,400	39,600	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,815	8,240	10,575	69.8	63.7	75.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	12,300	10,400	11,000	12,300	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,795	840	950	6.7	6.5	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,960	5,120	5,000	4,960	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,005	12,955	14,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,785	12,350	13,435	95.5	95.3	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,480	57,350	38,400	47,480	57,350	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,820	12,355	13,465	95.6	95.4	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,520	48,120	33,520	40,520	48,120	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,515	11,550	11,970	87.1	89.2	85.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	53,500	33,760	43,440	53,500	33,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,125	9,305	8,820	67.1	71.8	62.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	49,560	33,640	41,840	49,560	33,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,145	8,380	10,765	70.9	64.7	76.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,550	10,760	10,390	10,550	10,760	10,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,800	865	935	6.7	6.7	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,330	6,010	6,620	6,330	6,010	6,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,010	12,955	14,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,045	3,975	3,075	26.1	30.7	21.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	65,000	50,000	56,800	65,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,500	72,900	53,600	64,500	72,900	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,000	3,260	3,735	25.9	25.2	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	32,400	21,800	25,800	32,400	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,640	42,760	27,520	34,640	42,760	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.2	78.4	83.4	87.2	78.4
Employment income (%)	61.9	65.2	57.5	61.9	65.2	57.5
Government transfers (%)	16.5	12.7	21.7	16.5	12.7	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,960	...	...	49,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,640	...	...	43,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...	97,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	615	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	445	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	475	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	585	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	620	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	545	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,120	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,045	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	800	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,035	...	...	36.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,205	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,290	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	890	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	635	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	525	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	535	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	650	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	695	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	620	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,245	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,255	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,000	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	850	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,005	...	...	29.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,655	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,005	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,340	...	...	9.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,360	2,380	2,975	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,600	36,400	38,000	39,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,800	33,600	35,200	36,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...	111,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,340	2,410	2,930	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,400	50,120	45,160	47,400	50,120	45,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,520	42,680	40,560	41,520	42,680	40,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	31,395	15,150	16,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,360	2,705	2,655	17.1	17.9	16.3
0 to 5 years	1,555	790	765	5.0	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years	17,140	8,195	8,950	54.6	54.1	55.1
65 years and over	8,885	4,250	4,635	28.3	28.1	28.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,130	1,350	1,775	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	660	325	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	100	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,485	660	825	...	...	...
65 years and over	990	370	615	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	8.9	11.0	10.0	8.9	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	11.9	12.7	12.3	11.9	12.7
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	12.9	12.4	13.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.0	9.2	8.6	8.0	9.2
65 years and over (%)	11.1	8.7	13.3	11.1	8.7	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	31,390	15,150	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,360	2,700	2,655	17.1	17.8	16.3
0 to 5 years	1,555	790	765	5.0	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years	17,145	8,195	8,945	54.6	54.1	55.1
65 years and over	8,890	4,250	4,640	28.3	28.1	28.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	830	420	405	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	165	80	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	25	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	555	290	265	...	...	...
65 years and over	110	50	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.2	3.5	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	31,390	15,150	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	16,110	7,530	8,580	51.3	49.7	52.8
In bottom decile	2,925	1,330	1,595	9.3	8.8	9.8
In second decile	3,210	1,410	1,795	10.2	9.3	11.1
In third decile	3,340	1,575	1,765	10.6	10.4	10.9
In fourth decile	3,280	1,595	1,685	10.4	10.5	10.4
In fifth decile	3,360	1,615	1,740	10.7	10.7	10.7
In top half of the distribution	15,280	7,615	7,660	48.7	50.3	47.2
In sixth decile	3,270	1,635	1,635	10.4	10.8	10.1
In seventh decile	3,295	1,625	1,670	10.5	10.7	10.3
In eighth decile	3,090	1,525	1,560	9.8	10.1	9.6
In ninth decile	3,160	1,605	1,555	10.1	10.6	9.6
In top decile	2,465	1,230	1,240	7.9	8.1	7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	31,390	...	...	31,390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	31,755	15,345	16,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	29,715	14,510	15,200	93.6	94.6	92.6
French only	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,910	785	1,125	6.0	5.1	6.9
Neither English nor French	125	50	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	31,755	15,345	16,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,320	15,150	16,170	98.6	98.7	98.5
French	300	145	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	115	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	31,755	15,345	16,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	31,260	15,115	16,145	98.4	98.5	98.4
Official languages	28,850	14,015	14,830	90.9	91.3	90.4
English	28,520	13,855	14,665	89.8	90.3	89.4
French	330	160	165	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	2,410	1,100	1,310	7.6	7.2	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,395	1,085	1,305	7.5	7.1	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	75	155	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	60	125	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,570	740	825	4.9	4.8	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	85	115	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	85	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	670	320	345	2.1	2.1	2.1
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	315	155	165	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	305	150	160	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	270	130	140	0.9	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	235	110	130	0.7	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	495	240	255	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	480	225	255	1.5	1.5	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hindi	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	185	215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	80	100	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	75	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	160	70	95	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	495	235	265	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	115	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	330	150	175	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	31,755	15,345	16,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	29,380	14,255	15,125	92.5	92.9	92.2
French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	410	185	220	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	410	185	220	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	235	100	135	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,610	745	860	5.1	4.9	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	31,755	15,345	16,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	31,480	15,215	16,265	99.1	99.2	99.1
Official languages	30,575	14,795	15,785	96.3	96.4	96.2
English	30,505	14,760	15,750	96.1	96.2	96.0
French	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	900	425	475	2.8	2.8	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	895	420	475	2.8	2.7	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	45	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	40	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	435	215	220	1.4	1.4	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	310	155	155	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	305	150	150	1.0	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	125	130	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	85	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	280	130	150	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	250	120	130	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	31,755	15,345	16,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	30,085	14,585	15,500	94.7	95.0	94.5
English	445	210	235	1.4	1.4	1.4
French	195	85	115	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	840	380	460	2.6	2.5	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	795	360	435	2.5	2.3	2.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	31,425	15,135	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	31,275	15,075	16,200	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	31,265	15,070	16,195	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	1,855	800	1,060	5.9	5.3	6.5
Non-official languages	3,795	1,785	2,010	12.1	11.8	12.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	80	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	165	80	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Halkomelem	160	80	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,635	1,715	1,920	11.6	11.3	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	415	150	270	1.3	1.0	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	120	240	1.2	0.8	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,420	1,165	1,250	7.7	7.7	7.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	115	110	0.7	0.8	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	210	105	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	890	440	445	2.8	2.9	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	470	250	220	1.5	1.7	1.4
German	465	250	220	1.5	1.7	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	350	160	190	1.1	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	280	125	155	0.9	0.8	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	55	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Danish	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	590	320	270	1.9	2.1	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	575	310	270	1.8	2.0	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	105	60	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	430	235	195	1.4	1.6	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	755	340	415	2.4	2.2	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	580	265	320	1.8	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	95	55	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
American Sign Language	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	85	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	190	85	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	35	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,425	15,130	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,860	1,370	1,490	9.1	9.1	9.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,785	1,340	1,445	8.9	8.9	8.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,760	825	940	5.6	5.5	5.8
Métis	1,005	510	495	3.2	3.4	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	28,565	13,760	14,805	90.9	90.9	90.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,425	15,130	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,375	625	755	4.4	4.1	4.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,045	14,510	15,540	95.6	95.9	95.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,575	...	...	76.9	...	...
Renter	3,185	...	...	23.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,465	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not condominium	12,290	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	1,305	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,395	...	...	24.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,290	...	...	38.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,710	...	...	27.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,000	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 rooms	2,205	...	...	16.0	...	...
6 rooms	2,080	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	1,890	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,590	...	...	33.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,635	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	125	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,365	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	395	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,035	...	...	14.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,825	...	...	27.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,825	...	...	13.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,625	...	...	19.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	700	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	990	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	745	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,015	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,970	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	790	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,510	...	...	47.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,560	...	...	47.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	685	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	180	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,230	...	...	8.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,775	...	...	12.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,970	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,965	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,150	...	...	22.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,905	...	...	13.8	...	...
85 years and over	585	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,120	...	...	81.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,505	...	...	18.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,285	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,375	...	...	24.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,235	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not suitable only	280	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	555	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,385	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,065	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not in core need	12,340	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.9	...	...	52.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,264	...	...	1,264	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	641,000	...	...	641,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.5	...	...	33.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.3	...	...	21.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...	1,189	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	31,425	15,135	16,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,195	590	605	3.8	3.9	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,185	585	600	3.8	3.9	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	955	465	495	3.0	3.1	3.0
Métis single ancestry	225	120	105	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,930	890	1,035	6.1	5.9	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,895	875	1,015	6.0	5.8	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,230	540	690	3.9	3.6	4.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	645	325	315	2.1	2.1	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	28,300	13,645	14,655	90.1	90.2	89.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	31,425	15,135	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,060	14,545	15,515	95.7	96.1	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,155	2,585	2,570	16.4	17.1	15.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,905	11,960	12,950	79.3	79.0	79.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,360	585	780	4.3	3.9	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	31,425	15,135	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	26,710	12,900	13,810	85.0	85.2	84.8
Immigrants⁸¹	4,465	2,125	2,340	14.2	14.0	14.4
Before 1980	2,185	1,095	1,090	7.0	7.2	6.7
1980 to 1990	560	240	315	1.8	1.6	1.9
1991 to 2000	375	200	175	1.2	1.3	1.1
2001 to 2010	540	245	295	1.7	1.6	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	805	350	460	2.6	2.3	2.8
2011 to 2015	370	165	195	1.2	1.1	1.2
2016 to 2021	440	175	260	1.4	1.2	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	255	110	145	0.8	0.7	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,465	2,125	2,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	575	275	305	12.9	12.9	13.1
5 to 14 years	860	485	380	19.3	22.8	16.3
15 to 24 years	985	430	560	22.1	20.2	24.0
25 to 44 years	1,700	770	930	38.1	36.2	39.8
45 years and over	340	170	170	7.6	8.0	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,465	2,125	2,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	640	265	375	14.3	12.5	16.1
Brazil	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Mexico	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
United States of America	465	180	285	10.4	8.5	12.2
Other places of birth in Americas	70	35	35	1.6	1.6	1.5
Europe	2,405	1,220	1,190	53.9	57.4	51.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	35	0	30	0.8	0.0	1.3
Germany	260	145	115	5.8	6.8	4.9
Greece	45	10	30	1.0	0.5	1.3
Hungary	35	25	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
Italy	25	0	25	0.6	0.0	1.1
Netherlands	225	90	135	5.0	4.2	5.8
Poland	20	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portugal	20	15	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,415	740	675	31.7	34.8	28.9
Other places of birth in Europe	260	130	125	5.8	6.1	5.4
Africa	205	105	105	4.6	4.9	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	50	60	2.5	2.4	2.6
Other places of birth in Africa	90	45	40	2.0	2.1	1.7
Asia	1,125	495	635	25.2	23.3	27.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	1.1	0.9	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	35	40	1.8	1.6	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	70	30	40	1.6	1.4	1.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	315	120	195	7.1	5.6	8.4
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.9	0.7	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	150	170	7.2	7.1	7.3
Pakistan	35	15	15	0.8	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	60	90	3.4	2.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	55	35	1.9	2.6	1.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	435	180	260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	0	25	6.9	0.0	9.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	0	15	4.6	0.0	5.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	25	50	18.4	13.9	19.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	6.9	11.1	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	40	0	40	9.2	0.0	15.4
Africa	20	10	0	4.6	5.6	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	2.3	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	2.3	5.6	0.0
Asia	305	135	170	70.1	75.0	65.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	35	40	16.1	19.4	15.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	2.3	0.0	3.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	60	55	27.6	33.3	21.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	11.5	11.1	11.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	3.4	0.0	5.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	31,425	15,130	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,140	2,435	2,695	16.4	16.1	16.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,970	2,845	3,135	19.0	18.8	19.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,310	9,850	10,465	64.6	65.1	64.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,275	1,030	1,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,245	585	655	54.7	56.8	52.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	530	310	215	23.3	30.1	17.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	715	275	440	31.4	26.7	35.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	895	380	510	39.3	36.9	41.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	140	65	75	6.2	6.3	6.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,275	1,030	1,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	515	235	275	22.6	22.8	22.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	70	25	4.2	6.8	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	35	60	4.2	3.4	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.4	1.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,560	680	875	68.6	66.0	70.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	31,425	15,130	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,690	1,320	1,370	8.6	8.7	8.4
South Asian	900	470	435	2.9	3.1	2.7
Chinese	385	205	180	1.2	1.4	1.1
Black	280	120	160	0.9	0.8	1.0
Filipino	430	170	270	1.4	1.1	1.7
Arab	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	90	30	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	135	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	100	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	155	75	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	110	70	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,740	13,820	14,920	91.5	91.3	91.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	31,425	15,135	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,090	2,000	2,085	13.0	13.2	12.8
English	10,560	4,950	5,605	33.6	32.7	34.4
Irish	5,480	2,425	3,055	17.4	16.0	18.8
Scottish	7,770	3,685	4,085	24.7	24.3	25.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,580	1,165	1,410	8.2	7.7	8.7
German	4,085	1,940	2,150	13.0	12.8	13.2
Chinese	395	210	180	1.3	1.4	1.1
Italian	770	365	405	2.5	2.4	2.5
Indian (India)	680	380	290	2.2	2.5	1.8
Ukrainian	1,365	685	680	4.3	4.5	4.2
Dutch	1,875	855	1,020	6.0	5.6	6.3
Polish	870	395	475	2.8	2.6	2.9
Québécois	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,910	890	1,015	6.1	5.9	6.2
Filipino	390	165	225	1.2	1.1	1.4
French Canadian	375	165	210	1.2	1.1	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	600	305	290	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	880	435	445	2.8	2.9	2.7
Métis	920	475	445	2.9	3.1	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,045	525	525	3.3	3.5	3.2
Russian	850	410	440	2.7	2.7	2.7
Norwegian	1,250	485	760	4.0	3.2	4.7
Welsh	1,175	555	615	3.7	3.7	3.8
Portuguese	195	90	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	715	345	370	2.3	2.3	2.3
Spanish	225	110	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	975	445	530	3.1	2.9	3.3
Hungarian	360	205	155	1.1	1.4	1.0
Acadian	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pakistani	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	140	50	90	0.4	0.3	0.6
Jewish	115	50	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	150	70	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	75	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	215	75	135	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korean	115	70	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	180	60	120	0.6	0.4	0.7
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	75	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	515	270	250	1.6	1.8	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	65	150	0.7	0.4	0.9
Sikh	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	345	160	185	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	170	70	95	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	105	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mennonite	100	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Swiss	235	105	130	0.7	0.7	0.8
Finnish	375	185	190	1.2	1.2	1.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	200	100	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	330	115	220	1.1	0.8	1.4
Muslim	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	260	115	150	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	65	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Newfoundlander	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkish	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	120	40	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Australian	140	55	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Irish	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
British Columbian	140	60	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	31,425	15,130	16,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	11,885	5,245	6,635	37.8	34.7	40.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,450	1,135	1,320	7.8	7.5	8.1
Anabaptist	75	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	1,910	825	1,085	6.1	5.5	6.7
Baptist	625	275	350	2.0	1.8	2.1
Catholic	3,235	1,405	1,825	10.3	9.3	11.2
Christian Orthodox	115	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	220	110	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Latter Day Saints	125	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	345	145	205	1.1	1.0	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	285	130	150	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	320	125	195	1.0	0.8	1.2
Reformed	140	75	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
United Church	1,285	505	790	4.1	3.3	4.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	695	330	370	2.2	2.2	2.3
Hindu	150	80	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	160	75	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sikh	385	205	185	1.2	1.4	1.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	155	255	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	18,180	9,280	8,905	57.9	61.3	54.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,195	15,010	16,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,310	13,200	14,105	87.5	87.9	87.2
Movers	3,885	1,810	2,075	12.5	12.1	12.8
Non-migrants	1,710	810	895	5.5	5.4	5.5
Migrants	2,180	1,005	1,180	7.0	6.7	7.3
Internal migrants	1,990	930	1,065	6.4	6.2	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,575	725	855	5.0	4.8	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	420	210	210	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	185	70	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,100	14,470	15,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,485	8,480	9,005	58.1	58.6	57.6
Movers	12,620	5,990	6,630	41.9	41.4	42.4
Non-migrants	3,805	1,790	2,015	12.6	12.4	12.9
Migrants	8,810	4,200	4,610	29.3	29.0	29.5
Internal migrants	8,060	3,895	4,165	26.8	26.9	26.6
Intraprovincial migrants	6,390	3,035	3,360	21.2	21.0	21.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,670	860	810	5.5	5.9	5.2
External migrants	750	310	440	2.5	2.1	2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,010	12,955	14,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,010	2,735	2,275	18.5	21.1	16.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,995	10,220	11,775	81.4	78.9	83.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,225	7,235	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,120	1,240	885	13.9	17.1	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,100	6,000	7,100	86.0	82.9	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,005	12,950	14,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,175	2,205	1,970	15.5	17.0	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,735	4,015	4,715	32.3	31.0	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,095	6,730	7,365	52.2	52.0	52.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,295	4,660	4,635	34.4	36.0	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,835	2,165	670	10.5	16.7	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,165	675	490	4.3	5.2	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,665	1,490	180	6.2	11.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,255	2,120	3,135	19.5	16.4	22.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,205	380	825	4.5	2.9	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,800	2,075	2,730	17.8	16.0	19.4
Bachelor's degree	3,150	1,275	1,875	11.7	9.8	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310	105	205	1.1	0.8	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	95	35	0.5	0.7	0.2
Master's degree	1,075	530	545	4.0	4.1	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	70	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,225	7,240	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,665	955	715	10.9	13.2	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,640	2,245	2,395	30.5	31.0	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,910	4,040	4,875	58.5	55.8	61.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,855	2,895	2,960	38.5	40.0	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,680	1,290	390	11.0	17.8	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	655	360	300	4.3	5.0	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,020	930	95	6.7	12.8	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,420	1,355	2,065	22.5	18.7	25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	755	245	505	5.0	3.4	6.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,060	1,150	1,915	20.1	15.9	24.0
Bachelor's degree	2,105	785	1,325	13.8	10.8	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	170	50	125	1.1	0.7	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	60	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	635	235	400	4.2	3.2	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,005	12,955	14,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,910	6,225	6,690	47.8	48.1	47.6
Education	1,260	275	980	4.7	2.1	7.0
13. Education	1,260	275	980	4.7	2.1	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	150	215	1.4	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	315	115	200	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	695	300	400	2.6	2.3	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	135	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	50	105	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	35	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	80	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
54. History	100	60	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,270	495	775	4.7	3.8	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	65	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	35	175	0.8	0.3	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	195	55	140	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	255	70	190	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	435	235	190	1.6	1.8	1.4
Business, management and public administration	2,390	755	1,630	8.9	5.8	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	265	55	210	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,115	700	1,415	7.8	5.4	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	325	210	2.0	2.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	140	105	0.9	1.1	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	140	35	0.7	1.1	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	195	135	1.2	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	270	170	95	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,180	3,025	155	11.8	23.4	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	370	340	30	1.4	2.6	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	620	560	60	2.3	4.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	870	860	0	3.2	6.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	735	720	20	2.7	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	545	525	25	2.0	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	490	280	210	1.8	2.2	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	100	165	1.0	0.8	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	180	45	0.8	1.4	0.3
Health and related fields	2,595	450	2,145	9.6	3.5	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	80	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,380	330	2,055	8.8	2.5	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	985	480	505	3.6	3.7	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	635	180	460	2.4	1.4	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	115	100	25	0.4	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	195	25	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,225	7,235	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,310	3,200	3,110	41.4	44.2	38.9
Education	680	115	565	4.5	1.6	7.1
13. Education	680	115	565	4.5	1.6	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230	105	125	1.5	1.5	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	200	85	115	1.3	1.2	1.4
Humanities	345	130	215	2.3	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	100	15	90	0.7	0.2	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
54. History	55	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	850	280	575	5.6	3.9	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	40	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	170	30	140	1.1	0.4	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	130	25	105	0.9	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	155	30	125	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	295	145	150	1.9	2.0	1.9
Business, management and public administration	1,530	450	1,075	10.0	6.2	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	20	150	1.1	0.3	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,350	425	925	8.9	5.9	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350	200	140	2.3	2.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	75	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	40	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	115	95	15	0.8	1.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	160	100	1.7	2.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225	150	80	1.5	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,895	1,775	120	12.4	24.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	200	170	30	1.3	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	355	310	45	2.3	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	535	535	0	3.5	7.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	435	415	25	2.9	5.7	0.3
48. Precision production	350	335	10	2.3	4.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	165	140	2.0	2.3	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	50	105	1.0	0.7	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	115	40	1.0	1.6	0.5
Health and related fields	1,755	300	1,450	11.5	4.1	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	50	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,600	215	1,390	10.5	3.0	17.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	40	10	0.3	0.6	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	715	350	365	4.7	4.8	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	485	150	335	3.2	2.1	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	65	15	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	130	15	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,225	7,235	7,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,310	3,200	3,110	41.4	44.2	38.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,915	4,040	4,875	58.6	55.8	61.1
Location of study inside Canada	7,945	3,630	4,320	52.2	50.2	54.1
Same as province or territory of residence	6,070	2,660	3,410	39.9	36.8	42.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,875	965	915	12.3	13.3	11.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	965	410	555	6.3	5.7	7.0
Americas	275	125	155	1.8	1.7	1.9
United States of America	230	110	120	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	265	155	115	1.7	2.1	1.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	90	70	1.0	1.2	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	325	100	225	2.1	1.4	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	175	40	135	1.1	0.6	1.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,005	12,950	14,055	...	...	...
In the labour force	15,085	7,730	7,355	...	...	...
Employed	14,025	7,195	6,825	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,065	535	525	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,920	5,220	6,700	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.9	59.7	52.3	55.9	59.7	52.3
Employment rate	51.9	55.6	48.6	51.9	55.6	48.6
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.9	7.1	7.1	6.9	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,005	12,955	14,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,780	5,165	6,615	43.6	39.9	47.1
Worked	15,230	7,795	7,435	56.4	60.2	52.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,370	4,150	3,220	27.3	32.0	22.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,860	3,645	4,220	29.1	28.1	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.9	40.1	41.0	41.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,085	7,735	7,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	100	110	1.4	1.3	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,870	7,630	7,245	98.6	98.6	98.6
Employee	11,995	5,960	6,035	79.5	77.1	82.1
Permanent position	10,135	5,205	4,925	67.2	67.3	67.0
Temporary position	1,865	755	1,110	12.4	9.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	495	165	330	3.3	2.1	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,370	590	780	9.1	7.6	10.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,875	1,670	1,205	19.1	21.6	16.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,085	7,735	7,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	100	110	1.4	1.3	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,870	7,630	7,245	98.6	98.6	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	110	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,880	465	1,415	12.5	6.0	19.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	820	645	175	5.4	8.3	2.4
3 Health occupations	1,315	265	1,050	8.7	3.4	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,945	580	1,360	12.9	7.5	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	420	175	240	2.8	2.3	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	4,030	1,635	2,400	26.7	21.1	32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,065	2,785	280	20.3	36.0	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	700	510	195	4.6	6.6	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	595	520	75	3.9	6.7	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,085	7,735	7,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	100	110	1.4	1.3	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	14,870	7,630	7,245	98.6	98.6	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	675	510	165	4.5	6.6	2.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	85	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
22 Utilities	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
23 Construction	1,565	1,360	210	10.4	17.6	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	1,075	895	180	7.1	11.6	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	230	175	55	1.5	2.3	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,040	995	1,050	13.5	12.9	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	490	385	105	3.2	5.0	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	205	115	90	1.4	1.5	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	345	130	215	2.3	1.7	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	230	150	85	1.5	1.9	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	820	395	420	5.4	5.1	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	640	330	315	4.2	4.3	4.3
61 Educational services	1,125	300	830	7.5	3.9	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,205	415	1,790	14.6	5.4	24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	375	190	185	2.5	2.5	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,115	440	675	7.4	5.7	9.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	695	310	385	4.6	4.0	5.2
91 Public administration	900	410	485	6.0	5.3	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,525	8,425	8,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,280	8,335	7,945	98.5	98.9	98.1
French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	75	20	50	0.5	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	135	55	80	0.8	0.7	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,525	8,425	8,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	16,520	8,425	8,095	100.0	100.0	99.9
Official languages	16,485	8,410	8,075	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	16,460	8,410	8,050	99.6	99.8	99.4
French	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,525	8,425	8,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,310	8,345	7,970	98.7	99.1	98.4
English	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	100	35	60	0.6	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	75	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,025	7,195	6,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,200	940	1,265	15.7	13.1	18.5
Worked outside Canada	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,290	1,670	625	16.3	23.2	9.2
Usual place of work	9,510	4,565	4,945	67.8	63.4	72.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,505	4,565	4,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,140	1,950	2,190	43.6	42.7	44.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,650	1,635	2,010	38.4	35.8	40.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,635	920	720	17.2	20.2	14.6
Commute to a different province or territory	85	60	20	0.9	1.3	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,795	6,235	5,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,630	5,660	4,975	90.1	90.8	89.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,930	5,320	4,610	84.2	85.3	82.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	705	335	365	6.0	5.4	6.6
Public transit	135	55	80	1.1	0.9	1.4
Walked	610	300	305	5.2	4.8	5.5
Bicycle	125	75	45	1.1	1.2	0.8
Other method	295	145	155	2.5	2.3	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,795	6,235	5,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,275	2,430	2,845	44.7	39.0	51.1
15 to 29 minutes	3,845	2,065	1,785	32.6	33.1	32.1
30 to 44 minutes	1,205	680	530	10.2	10.9	9.5
45 to 59 minutes	610	415	195	5.2	6.7	3.5
60 minutes and over	860	645	210	7.3	10.3	3.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,795	6,235	5,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	900	710	195	7.6	11.4	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,985	1,280	700	16.8	20.5	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,110	1,655	1,455	26.4	26.5	26.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,520	1,010	1,510	21.4	16.2	27.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,635	585	1,050	13.9	9.4	18.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,650	1,000	650	14.0	16.0	11.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,470	2,755	2,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445	225	220	8.1	8.2	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,025	2,530	2,495	91.9	91.8	91.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,110	2,055	2,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355	175	175	8.6	8.5	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	85	90	4.1	4.1	4.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	180	95	90	4.4	4.6	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,755	1,880	1,880	91.4	91.5	91.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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