Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MonctonMore information: New Brunswick [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	157,717	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	144,810	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	70,460	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	67,179	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	61.5	...	...	61.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,562.47	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	157,715	77,270	80,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,480	12,400	12,080	15.5	16.0	15.0
0 to 4 years	7,020	3,520	3,500	4.5	4.6	4.4
5 to 9 years	8,550	4,370	4,180	5.4	5.7	5.2
10 to 14 years	8,915	4,515	4,400	5.7	5.8	5.5
15 to 64 years	102,560	51,075	51,480	65.0	66.1	64.0
15 to 19 years	8,220	4,275	3,945	5.2	5.5	4.9
20 to 24 years	9,595	4,955	4,645	6.1	6.4	5.8
25 to 29 years	9,955	5,005	4,955	6.3	6.5	6.2
30 to 34 years	10,305	5,085	5,215	6.5	6.6	6.5
35 to 39 years	11,085	5,410	5,680	7.0	7.0	7.1
40 to 44 years	10,965	5,420	5,545	7.0	7.0	6.9
45 to 49 years	10,905	5,380	5,520	6.9	7.0	6.9
50 to 54 years	10,170	5,135	5,030	6.4	6.6	6.3
55 to 59 years	10,975	5,370	5,610	7.0	6.9	7.0
60 to 64 years	10,390	5,050	5,340	6.6	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	30,675	13,795	16,880	19.4	17.9	21.0
65 to 69 years	9,555	4,515	5,040	6.1	5.8	6.3
70 to 74 years	8,420	3,950	4,475	5.3	5.1	5.6
75 to 79 years	5,570	2,555	3,015	3.5	3.3	3.7
80 to 84 years	3,535	1,510	2,025	2.2	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	3,595	1,265	2,325	2.3	1.6	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,155	830	1,325	1.4	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	1,045	330	710	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	350	95	255	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.0	15.0	15.5	16.0	15.0
15 to 64 years	65.0	66.1	64.0	65.0	66.1	64.0
65 years and over	19.4	17.9	21.0	19.4	17.9	21.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	42.3	41.4	43.3	42.3	41.4	43.3
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	43.2	42.4	41.2	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	36,025	...	...	53.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,875	...	...	10.2	...	...
Row house	2,240	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,280	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,635	...	...	21.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,305	...	...	1.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,675	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,380	...	...	28.8	...	...
2 persons	25,705	...	...	38.3	...	...
3 persons	10,235	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	8,270	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,590	...	...	5.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	154,245	75,480	78,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	133,235	64,865	68,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	76,830	38,365	38,465	57.7	59.1	56.3
Married	58,520	29,210	29,310	43.9	45.0	42.9
Living common-law	18,315	9,160	9,155	13.7	14.1	13.4
Living common law - Never married	13,320	6,660	6,650	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Separated	1,195	620	580	0.9	1.0	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	3,355	1,680	1,670	2.5	2.6	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	450	195	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	56,405	26,500	29,905	42.3	40.9	43.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	37,275	20,045	17,235	28.0	30.9	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,210	1,800	2,415	3.2	2.8	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,960	3,095	4,860	6.0	4.8	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,960	1,560	5,395	5.2	2.4	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	44,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,125	...	...	56.3	...	...
3 persons	9,335	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	7,585	...	...	17.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,600	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	44,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	37,745	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	28,585	...	...	64.0	...	...
With children⁶	13,420	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	15,170	...	...	34.0	...	...
Common-law couples	9,155	...	...	20.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,575	...	...	8.0	...	...
Without children	5,580	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,895	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,350	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,545	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	154,240	75,480	78,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	122,545	60,430	62,110	79.5	80.1	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	75,485	37,695	37,790	48.9	49.9	48.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,895	1,545	5,350	4.5	2.0	6.8
Children⁶	40,160	21,190	18,970	26.0	28.1	24.1
In a two-parent family	29,965	15,670	14,300	19.4	20.8	18.2
In a one-parent family	10,190	5,520	4,675	6.6	7.3	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,700	15,050	16,650	20.6	19.9	21.1
Living alone	19,375	8,485	10,890	12.6	11.2	13.8
Living with other relatives⁷	3,590	1,505	2,085	2.3	2.0	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	8,730	5,060	3,675	5.7	6.7	4.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	40,385	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	34,980	...	...	52.1	...	...
With children⁶	15,800	...	...	23.5	...	...
Without children	19,175	...	...	28.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,405	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,160	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	280	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,985	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,995	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	19,380	...	...	28.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	129,910	63,150	66,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125,640	61,040	64,600	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,000	36,800	40,000	44,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125,730	61,095	64,635	96.8	96.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200	35,600	38,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,705	56,100	56,605	86.8	88.8	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	30,200	34,400	39,200	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,775	47,620	45,155	71.4	75.4	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	32,800	36,000	39,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,720	44,170	54,550	76.0	69.9	81.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	10,700	11,100	11,000	10,700	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,625	8,550	9,070	13.6	13.5	13.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,920	5,520	5,680	5,920	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,245	15,645	16,595	24.8	24.8	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	129,890	63,150	66,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,440	60,950	64,490	96.6	96.5	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	53,900	42,440	48,000	53,900	42,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,535	61,010	64,525	96.6	96.6	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280	44,400	36,400	40,280	44,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,670	56,090	56,580	86.7	88.8	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	49,760	36,960	43,320	49,760	36,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,755	47,780	44,975	71.4	75.7	67.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,360	48,120	38,320	43,360	48,120	38,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,705	44,045	54,655	76.0	69.7	81.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,570	11,270	11,820	11,570	11,270	11,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,555	8,500	9,055	13.5	13.5	13.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,710	6,770	6,660	6,710	6,770	6,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,255	15,315	16,930	24.8	24.3	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,620	8,580	8,660	8,620	8,580	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	129,890	63,155	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	46,560	25,155	21,405	35.8	39.8	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,800	52,000	55,600	58,800	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,100	69,300	58,000	64,100	69,300	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,820	17,005	18,815	27.6	26.9	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	18,800	15,600	17,000	18,800	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,260	26,960	21,780	24,260	26,960	21,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	85.0	76.4	81.0	85.0	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	70.0	62.9	66.8	70.0	62.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	15.1	23.6	19.0	15.1	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.6	6.5	5.5	4.6	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.4	4.6	4.0	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	129,905	63,150	66,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,265	2,115	2,155	3.3	3.3	3.2
With total income	125,635	61,035	64,600	96.7	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,275	4,135	5,140	7.4	6.8	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	14,510	5,515	8,990	11.5	9.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	20,150	8,810	11,340	16.0	14.4	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	19,060	8,870	10,190	15.2	14.5	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	17,400	8,160	9,235	13.8	13.4	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,830	6,670	6,160	10.2	10.9	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	9,045	4,945	4,095	7.2	8.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,515	3,755	2,760	5.2	6.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,975	2,580	2,395	4.0	4.2	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,455	1,895	1,565	2.8	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	8,425	5,700	2,725	6.7	9.3	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,865	3,855	2,015	4.7	6.3	3.1
$150,000 and over	2,555	1,845	710	2.0	3.0	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	129,905	63,150	66,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,175	2,055	2,120	3.2	3.3	3.2
With after-tax income	125,730	61,100	64,635	96.8	96.8	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,925	4,305	5,620	7.9	7.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	15,135	5,875	9,265	12.0	9.6	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	24,420	10,915	13,505	19.4	17.9	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	23,610	11,140	12,465	18.8	18.2	19.3
$40,000 to $49,999	18,935	9,585	9,355	15.1	15.7	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	12,435	6,700	5,735	9.9	11.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,970	4,330	3,640	6.3	7.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,230	2,865	2,375	4.2	4.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,815	1,730	1,085	2.2	2.8	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	1,010	525	1.2	1.7	0.8
$100,000 and over	3,720	2,640	1,075	3.0	4.3	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,850	1,285	560	1.5	2.1	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,870	1,355	515	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	129,905	63,150	66,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	37,135	15,525	21,605	28.6	24.6	32.4
With employment income	92,775	47,620	45,155	71.4	75.4	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,565	5,730	5,835	12.5	12.0	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	7,575	3,375	4,200	8.2	7.1	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,995	5,110	5,885	11.9	10.7	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	9,680	4,740	4,940	10.4	10.0	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,100	5,165	5,940	12.0	10.8	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,260	5,140	5,120	11.1	10.8	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,955	4,385	3,570	8.6	9.2	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,130	3,425	2,710	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,630	2,690	1,940	5.0	5.6	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,935	1,940	1,990	4.2	4.1	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,660	1,505	1,155	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,295	4,430	1,865	6.8	9.3	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,180	2,110	1,070	3.4	4.4	2.4
$125,000 and over	3,110	2,315	800	3.4	4.9	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	129,910	63,150	66,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	123,340	59,780	63,565	94.9	94.7	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	33,200	37,600	42,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	123,425	59,790	63,635	95.0	94.7	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,600	36,800	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,575	55,440	56,135	85.9	87.8	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,600	30,400	34,400	39,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,895	47,525	45,365	71.5	75.3	68.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,800	35,600	39,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,480	37,150	49,325	66.6	58.8	73.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	7,250	7,550	7,450	7,250	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,060	6,875	7,185	10.8	10.9	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,000	5,520	5,680	6,000	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	129,890	63,150	66,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,160	59,650	63,505	94.8	94.5	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	52,350	39,720	45,840	52,350	39,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,240	59,650	63,585	94.9	94.5	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	42,800	33,960	38,240	42,800	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,630	55,295	56,335	85.9	87.6	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	50,600	36,880	43,680	50,600	36,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,605	47,415	45,195	71.3	75.1	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	49,040	38,280	43,800	49,040	38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,160	36,850	49,305	66.3	58.4	73.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,760	9,020	8,910	8,760	9,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,070	6,840	7,225	10.8	10.8	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,210	6,960	7,450	7,210	6,960	7,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	129,890	63,155	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	46,310	24,970	21,345	35.7	39.5	32.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	56,000	48,000	52,400	56,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,600	65,900	54,400	60,600	65,900	54,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,370	15,840	17,525	25.7	25.1	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	24,600	19,600	22,000	24,600	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	34,080	25,920	29,800	34,080	25,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.6	82.4	86.4	89.6	82.4
Employment income (%)	71.8	74.4	68.6	71.8	74.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.3	17.6	13.6	10.3	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	67,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	47,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	67,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,920	...	...	45,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	47,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	580	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	535	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	935	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,040	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,300	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,635	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,080	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,105	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,990	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,785	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,360	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,065	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,695	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,030	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,130	...	...	32.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,680	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,195	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,485	...	...	8.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,775	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	640	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	550	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	985	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,305	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,940	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,205	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,660	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,710	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,445	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,750	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,325	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,875	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,860	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,050	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,920	...	...	23.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,130	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,070	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,725	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	44,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,115	13,545	14,570	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,200	35,200	36,400	37,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	33,200	32,000	32,800	33,200	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	44,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,100	...	...	70,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,800	...	...	61,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,150	13,585	14,565	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,320	44,280	40,480	42,320	44,280	40,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,160	37,240	35,160	36,160	37,240	35,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	154,245	75,480	78,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,275	14,920	14,360	19.0	19.8	18.2
0 to 5 years	8,550	4,285	4,260	5.5	5.7	5.4
18 to 64 years	96,225	47,425	48,795	62.4	62.8	62.0
65 years and over	28,740	13,135	15,610	18.6	17.4	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	19,220	8,720	10,500	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,545	2,320	2,225	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,490	725	765	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,990	4,625	5,360	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,685	1,770	2,910	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.5	11.6	13.3	12.5	11.6	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.6	15.5	15.5	15.6	15.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	16.8	18.0	17.4	16.8	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.8	11.0	10.4	9.8	11.0
65 years and over (%)	16.3	13.5	18.6	16.3	13.5	18.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	154,205	75,460	78,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,270	14,920	14,350	19.0	19.8	18.2
0 to 5 years	8,550	4,290	4,260	5.5	5.7	5.4
18 to 64 years	96,205	47,420	48,790	62.4	62.8	62.0
65 years and over	28,730	13,125	15,605	18.6	17.4	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,420	3,745	3,680	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,610	820	790	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	465	230	230	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,360	2,765	2,600	...	...	...
65 years and over	455	165	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.0	4.7	4.8	5.0	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.8	5.3	5.6	5.8	5.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	154,245	75,480	78,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	90,095	43,420	46,670	58.4	57.5	59.3
In bottom decile	17,590	8,345	9,245	11.4	11.1	11.7
In second decile	19,045	8,900	10,145	12.3	11.8	12.9
In third decile	18,495	8,920	9,570	12.0	11.8	12.2
In fourth decile	17,560	8,635	8,920	11.4	11.4	11.3
In fifth decile	17,410	8,625	8,790	11.3	11.4	11.2
In top half of the distribution	64,150	32,060	32,095	41.6	42.5	40.8
In sixth decile	15,705	7,815	7,890	10.2	10.4	10.0
In seventh decile	14,975	7,430	7,540	9.7	9.8	9.6
In eighth decile	13,745	6,820	6,920	8.9	9.0	8.8
In ninth decile	11,240	5,625	5,610	7.3	7.5	7.1
In top decile	8,485	4,365	4,125	5.5	5.8	5.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	154,240	...	...	154,240	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423	...	...	0.423	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	155,475	75,965	79,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	78,860	40,105	38,755	50.7	52.8	48.7
French only	4,665	2,120	2,545	3.0	2.8	3.2
English and French	71,355	33,455	37,900	45.9	44.0	47.7
Neither English nor French	595	285	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	155,475	75,965	79,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,115	50,685	51,425	65.7	66.7	64.7
French	50,750	23,995	26,750	32.6	31.6	33.6
English and French	2,070	1,015	1,050	1.3	1.3	1.3
Neither English nor French	545	265	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	155,475	75,965	79,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	149,275	72,955	76,315	96.0	96.0	96.0
Official languages	138,705	67,555	71,155	89.2	88.9	89.5
English	89,735	44,400	45,340	57.7	58.4	57.0
French	48,970	23,155	25,810	31.5	30.5	32.5
Non-official languages	10,565	5,400	5,160	6.8	7.1	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,540	5,390	5,150	6.8	7.1	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,645	895	750	1.1	1.2	0.9
Berber languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,575	855	720	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,510	815	695	1.0	1.1	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	515	245	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	515	245	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	970	410	555	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	765	330	435	0.5	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	380	230	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,735	2,475	2,260	3.0	3.3	2.8
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	970	475	495	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	955	470	485	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	605	300	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	425	190	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	230	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,675	975	700	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,515	890	625	1.0	1.2	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	220	155	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	250	155	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	755	430	325	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,585	780	800	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	565	280	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	685	325	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	665	330	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	600	315	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	750	365	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	720	350	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	550	260	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,205	3,005	3,195	4.0	4.0	4.0
English and French	4,210	2,000	2,215	2.7	2.6	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	690	645	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	410	185	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	155,475	75,965	79,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,195	46,695	47,495	60.6	61.5	59.7
French	33,510	15,810	17,695	21.6	20.8	22.3
Non-official language	3,170	1,600	1,575	2.0	2.1	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,170	1,600	1,575	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and French	15,575	7,260	8,315	10.0	9.6	10.5
English and non-official language(s)	6,515	3,360	3,160	4.2	4.4	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	870	415	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,315	670	645	0.8	0.9	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	320	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	155,475	75,965	79,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	149,855	73,230	76,625	96.4	96.4	96.4
Official languages	143,070	69,775	73,295	92.0	91.9	92.2
English	103,155	50,950	52,205	66.3	67.1	65.7
French	39,920	18,820	21,090	25.7	24.8	26.5
Non-official languages	6,785	3,455	3,330	4.4	4.5	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,785	3,455	3,330	4.4	4.5	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,045	535	510	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,025	520	500	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	995	505	490	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	175	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	360	175	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	495	230	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	415	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	180	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,975	1,565	1,410	1.9	2.1	1.8
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	345	355	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	340	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	480	235	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,155	660	495	0.7	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,050	600	445	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	165	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	620	355	265	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,000	495	505	0.6	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	455	220	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	375	190	190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	575	290	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	540	260	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	520	255	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	205	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,620	2,735	2,885	3.6	3.6	3.6
English and French	3,375	1,575	1,800	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,710	885	825	1.1	1.2	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	330	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	155,475	75,960	79,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	135,795	66,465	69,330	87.3	87.5	87.2
English	8,235	3,970	4,270	5.3	5.2	5.4
French	6,835	3,175	3,660	4.4	4.2	4.6
Non-official language	2,895	1,450	1,445	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,860	1,425	1,430	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	655	355	305	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	340	165	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	430	230	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	154,250	75,510	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	153,660	75,235	78,425	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	148,890	73,065	75,825	96.5	96.8	96.3
French	75,680	35,470	40,215	49.1	47.0	51.1
Non-official languages	17,135	8,690	8,445	11.1	11.5	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,060	8,650	8,410	11.1	11.5	10.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,445	1,345	1,105	1.6	1.8	1.4
Berber languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,340	1,285	1,050	1.5	1.7	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,115	1,165	950	1.4	1.5	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	615	325	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	615	325	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,550	660	885	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,320	550	770	0.9	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	455	175	285	0.3	0.2	0.4
Haitian Creole	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	745	425	320	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	245	150	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	380	215	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,995	4,085	3,915	5.2	5.4	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,355	675	675	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,350	675	665	0.9	0.9	0.8
Belarusian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	905	455	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	430	195	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	915	465	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	595	285	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	585	275	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,565	1,460	1,105	1.7	1.9	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,445	1,400	1,045	1.6	1.9	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	290	210	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	1,620	915	705	1.1	1.2	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,160	615	545	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,310	1,525	1,785	2.1	2.0	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	720	360	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,285	1,025	1,265	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	840	440	400	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,930	1,010	920	1.3	1.3	1.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	210	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	360	165	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolof	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	415	220	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	330	125	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	300	115	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	880	460	420	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	835	445	385	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	695	345	350	0.5	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	154,250	75,515	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,980	1,890	2,095	2.6	2.5	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,845	1,800	2,045	2.5	2.4	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,040	950	1,090	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	1,720	805	910	1.1	1.1	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	150,260	73,625	76,640	97.4	97.5	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	154,250	75,515	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,000	490	510	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	153,245	75,025	78,230	99.3	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,870	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	22,300	...	...	33.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,620	...	...	5.4	...	...
Not condominium	63,560	...	...	94.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	295	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	7,190	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,555	...	...	29.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,610	...	...	36.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,530	...	...	23.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,535	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 rooms	10,755	...	...	16.0	...	...
6 rooms	9,850	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	8,855	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,190	...	...	30.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	66,515	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	665	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	65,080	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	2,100	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,465	...	...	17.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,950	...	...	25.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,585	...	...	11.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,690	...	...	12.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,370	...	...	8.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,875	...	...	10.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,665	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,335	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,850	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	33,415	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	31,775	...	...	47.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,000	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	67,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,730	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,825	...	...	14.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,895	...	...	17.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,090	...	...	18.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,165	...	...	18.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,790	...	...	16.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,635	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	2,050	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	66,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	55,595	...	...	83.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,185	...	...	16.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,245	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	67,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,990	...	...	23.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,215	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,730	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,900	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	770	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	51,195	...	...	76.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	65,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,910	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not in core need	60,930	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	44,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.6	...	...	64.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,134	...	...	1,134	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,600	...	...	240,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,290	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,017	...	...	1,017	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	10	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...	200	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	154,245	75,515	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,735	800	935	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,715	800	915	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,195	555	645	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	470	235	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,975	2,280	2,700	3.2	3.0	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,890	2,235	2,660	3.2	3.0	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,685	1,680	2,005	2.4	2.2	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,110	500	610	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	147,535	72,430	75,105	95.6	95.9	95.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	154,245	75,510	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	141,575	69,015	72,560	91.8	91.4	92.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,375	13,480	12,895	17.1	17.9	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	115,200	55,535	59,665	74.7	73.5	75.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,670	6,495	6,170	8.2	8.6	7.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	154,245	75,510	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	136,130	66,255	69,870	88.3	87.7	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	13,345	6,735	6,610	8.7	8.9	8.4
Before 1980	1,790	880	910	1.2	1.2	1.2
1980 to 1990	515	275	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	615	315	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,905	915	990	1.2	1.2	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,520	4,345	4,175	5.5	5.8	5.3
2011 to 2015	2,055	995	1,060	1.3	1.3	1.3
2016 to 2021	6,460	3,350	3,110	4.2	4.4	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,775	2,525	2,250	3.1	3.3	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,345	6,730	6,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,645	860	785	12.3	12.8	11.9
5 to 14 years	2,825	1,480	1,340	21.2	22.0	20.3
15 to 24 years	1,730	830	895	13.0	12.3	13.5
25 to 44 years	6,175	3,005	3,170	46.3	44.7	47.9
45 years and over	975	555	425	7.3	8.2	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,345	6,730	6,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,220	1,030	1,195	16.6	15.3	18.1
Brazil	145	60	80	1.1	0.9	1.2
Colombia	110	60	50	0.8	0.9	0.8
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Guyana	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haiti	165	70	90	1.2	1.0	1.4
Jamaica	150	45	110	1.1	0.7	1.7
Mexico	95	45	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
Peru	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	1,085	495	585	8.1	7.4	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	355	180	175	2.7	2.7	2.6
Europe	2,940	1,485	1,455	22.0	22.1	22.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	550	275	280	4.1	4.1	4.2
Germany	150	75	80	1.1	1.1	1.2
Greece	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italy	100	55	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	145	80	65	1.1	1.2	1.0
Poland	45	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
Portugal	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	140	75	60	1.0	1.1	0.9
Russian Federation	180	80	100	1.3	1.2	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	310	145	165	2.3	2.2	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	405	365	5.7	6.0	5.5
Other places of birth in Europe	465	240	220	3.5	3.6	3.3
Africa	2,720	1,445	1,270	20.4	21.5	19.2
Algeria	185	90	90	1.4	1.3	1.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	305	135	170	2.3	2.0	2.6
Egypt	120	65	60	0.9	1.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	320	175	145	2.4	2.6	2.2
Nigeria	550	305	240	4.1	4.5	3.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	1,165	635	530	8.7	9.4	8.0
Asia	5,430	2,755	2,675	40.7	40.9	40.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iraq	65	40	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	125	55	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	515	295	215	3.9	4.4	3.3
Turkey	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	525	250	280	3.9	3.7	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	40	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	620	315	305	4.6	4.7	4.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,240	535	705	9.3	7.9	10.7
Viet Nam	365	185	175	2.7	2.7	2.6
Bangladesh	65	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
India	950	545	405	7.1	8.1	6.1
Pakistan	130	70	55	1.0	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	50	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	620	300	315	4.6	4.5	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,460	3,355	3,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	625	290	335	9.7	8.6	10.8
Brazil	100	45	55	1.5	1.3	1.8
Colombia	30	25	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Haiti	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaica	95	25	70	1.5	0.7	2.3
Mexico	65	30	30	1.0	0.9	1.0
United States of America	145	65	75	2.2	1.9	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth in Americas	115	55	65	1.8	1.6	2.1
Europe	795	385	410	12.3	11.5	13.2
France	260	125	130	4.0	3.7	4.2
Germany	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.9	0.6	1.1
Ukraine	205	100	105	3.2	3.0	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	40	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	200	80	120	3.1	2.4	3.9
Africa	1,865	1,000	870	28.9	29.8	28.0
Algeria	115	45	70	1.8	1.3	2.3
Burundi	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Cameroon	75	35	40	1.2	1.0	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	80	105	2.9	2.4	3.4
Côte d'Ivoire	75	35	40	1.2	1.0	1.3
Egypt	115	60	50	1.8	1.8	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	210	115	95	3.3	3.4	3.1
Nigeria	535	295	240	8.3	8.8	7.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.1
Tunisia	80	45	30	1.2	1.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	365	220	145	5.7	6.6	4.7
Asia	3,170	1,675	1,490	49.1	49.9	47.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.8	0.6	1.0
China⁹⁰	245	120	125	3.8	3.6	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	630	370	265	9.8	11.0	8.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	45	30	20	0.7	0.9	0.6
Israel	60	45	20	0.9	1.3	0.6
Japan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jordan	80	40	40	1.2	1.2	1.3
Korea, South⁹²	170	95	75	2.6	2.8	2.4
Lebanon	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Nepal	35	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.8
Pakistan	80	50	25	1.2	1.5	0.8
Philippines	765	370	400	11.8	11.0	12.9
Saudi Arabia	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lanka	45	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	465	270	200	7.2	8.0	6.4
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	100	50	45	1.5	1.5	1.4
Viet Nam	200	95	105	3.1	2.8	3.4
Other places of birth in Asia	105	50	60	1.6	1.5	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	154,250	75,510	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,225	9,795	9,430	12.5	13.0	12.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,830	4,845	4,985	6.4	6.4	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125,195	60,875	64,320	81.2	80.6	81.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,555	5,850	5,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,080	4,185	3,900	69.9	71.5	68.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,300	2,090	1,215	28.6	35.7	21.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,775	2,090	2,685	41.3	35.7	47.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,845	780	1,060	16.0	13.3	18.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,565	835	725	13.5	14.3	12.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	50	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,555	5,850	5,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	160	95	60	1.4	1.6	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,630	790	840	14.1	13.5	14.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	385	205	175	3.3	3.5	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	910	560	350	7.9	9.6	6.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,425	4,170	4,255	72.9	71.3	74.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	154,250	75,515	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,340	8,365	7,980	10.6	11.1	10.1
South Asian	3,230	1,810	1,420	2.1	2.4	1.8
Chinese	875	455	425	0.6	0.6	0.5
Black	5,310	2,605	2,705	3.4	3.4	3.4
Filipino	1,590	695	905	1.0	0.9	1.1
Arab	1,790	985	800	1.2	1.3	1.0
Latin American	860	400	465	0.6	0.5	0.6
Southeast Asian	865	450	415	0.6	0.6	0.5
West Asian	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	845	460	385	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	585	320	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	137,910	67,150	70,760	89.4	88.9	89.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	154,245	75,510	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	30,445	14,815	15,630	19.7	19.6	19.9
English	25,690	12,730	12,955	16.7	16.9	16.5
Irish	27,640	13,060	14,580	17.9	17.3	18.5
Scottish	24,615	12,020	12,595	16.0	15.9	16.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,435	13,170	14,265	17.8	17.4	18.1
German	8,540	4,080	4,465	5.5	5.4	5.7
Chinese	1,060	555	505	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italian	2,050	955	1,095	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indian (India)	2,035	1,130	895	1.3	1.5	1.1
Ukrainian	1,125	520	605	0.7	0.7	0.8
Dutch	2,165	1,040	1,120	1.4	1.4	1.4
Polish	745	375	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	1,400	725	675	0.9	1.0	0.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,360	1,665	1,690	2.2	2.2	2.1
Filipino	1,520	650	865	1.0	0.9	1.1
French Canadian	3,455	1,670	1,780	2.2	2.2	2.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	8,570	4,075	4,495	5.6	5.4	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,055	920	1,140	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	1,645	760	885	1.1	1.0	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,455	1,125	1,330	1.6	1.5	1.7
Russian	750	380	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	645	285	360	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	1,830	885	950	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portuguese	570	290	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	1,025	510	515	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	860	425	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	355	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Acadian	30,675	14,515	16,160	19.9	19.2	20.5
Pakistani	170	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,320	565	760	0.9	0.7	1.0
Jewish	395	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	275	160	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	645	335	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	750	425	330	0.5	0.6	0.4
Greek	220	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	330	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	500	230	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	715	380	335	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romanian	310	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	560	255	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	520	250	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	630	335	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	695	360	335	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	250	155	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	410	240	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	245	110	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindu	300	195	100	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	250	150	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	280	160	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,630	740	890	1.1	1.0	1.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	285	155	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	275	175	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	385	215	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	445	230	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	215	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	635	310	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	410	190	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	260	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	320	140	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	485	230	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	385	225	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	210	125	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	4,075	2,030	2,050	2.6	2.7	2.6
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	90	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	154,250	75,515	78,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	335	190	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian	96,225	44,485	51,740	62.4	58.9	65.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,535	4,590	4,945	6.2	6.1	6.3
Anabaptist	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anglican	4,430	2,050	2,385	2.9	2.7	3.0
Baptist	10,975	5,090	5,890	7.1	6.7	7.5
Catholic	55,990	25,805	30,185	36.3	34.2	38.3
Christian Orthodox	630	320	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	865	405	460	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,470	670	795	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,910	890	1,020	1.2	1.2	1.3
Presbyterian	1,085	510	575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	6,475	2,820	3,655	4.2	3.7	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,480	1,140	1,345	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	1,330	830	500	0.9	1.1	0.6
Jewish	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	3,515	1,910	1,605	2.3	2.5	2.0
Sikh	865	435	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	945	375	565	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	50,755	27,125	23,630	32.9	35.9	30.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	152,895	74,850	78,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	129,940	63,640	66,300	85.0	85.0	85.0
Movers	22,950	11,215	11,740	15.0	15.0	15.0
Non-migrants	12,490	6,015	6,475	8.2	8.0	8.3
Migrants	10,465	5,195	5,265	6.8	6.9	6.7
Internal migrants	9,080	4,480	4,600	5.9	6.0	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,180	2,495	2,680	3.4	3.3	3.4
Interprovincial migrants	3,900	1,980	1,920	2.6	2.6	2.5
External migrants	1,385	720	670	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	147,215	72,005	75,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	82,845	40,850	41,995	56.3	56.7	55.8
Movers	64,375	31,155	33,220	43.7	43.3	44.2
Non-migrants	22,835	10,865	11,970	15.5	15.1	15.9
Migrants	41,540	20,295	21,250	28.2	28.2	28.3
Internal migrants	32,535	15,700	16,835	22.1	21.8	22.4
Intraprovincial migrants	22,500	10,795	11,705	15.3	15.0	15.6
Interprovincial migrants	10,035	4,905	5,130	6.8	6.8	6.8
External migrants	9,005	4,590	4,415	6.1	6.4	5.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	129,890	63,155	66,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,845	10,960	9,885	16.0	17.4	14.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	109,045	52,190	56,855	84.0	82.6	85.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,490	40,885	42,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,145	4,245	2,900	8.6	10.4	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,340	36,635	39,710	91.4	89.6	93.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	129,890	63,150	66,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,735	9,590	9,140	14.4	15.2	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,305	19,270	18,030	28.7	30.5	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,860	34,295	39,565	56.9	54.3	59.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,465	21,085	22,380	33.5	33.4	33.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,010	5,730	2,280	6.2	9.1	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,445	2,670	1,780	3.4	4.2	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,560	3,060	500	2.7	4.8	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	32,730	14,275	18,450	25.2	22.6	27.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,725	1,080	1,645	2.1	1.7	2.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,395	13,205	17,190	23.4	20.9	25.8
Bachelor's degree	21,055	8,905	12,150	16.2	14.1	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,975	775	1,200	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	365	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	5,765	2,620	3,140	4.4	4.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	840	535	310	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,490	40,880	42,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,300	3,695	2,600	7.5	9.0	6.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,625	11,665	9,965	25.9	28.5	23.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,565	25,520	30,040	66.6	62.4	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,115	15,260	15,860	37.3	37.3	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,070	3,530	1,540	6.1	8.6	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,940	1,745	1,195	3.5	4.3	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,130	1,785	345	2.6	4.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,380	11,020	13,360	29.2	27.0	31.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,665	705	960	2.0	1.7	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,445	10,265	14,180	29.3	25.1	33.3
Bachelor's degree	16,910	7,040	9,875	20.3	17.2	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,570	575	995	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	260	355	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	4,725	2,040	2,690	5.7	5.0	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	620	355	265	0.7	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	129,890	63,155	66,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,035	28,865	27,170	43.1	45.7	40.7
Education	5,135	1,340	3,795	4.0	2.1	5.7
13. Education	5,135	1,340	3,795	4.0	2.1	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,150	940	1,210	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	170	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,885	770	1,115	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,960	1,250	1,710	2.3	2.0	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	370	115	260	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	640	225	415	0.5	0.4	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	220	425	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	395	250	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	415	235	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	50	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,935	1,975	4,955	5.3	3.1	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	715	325	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,680	90	1,590	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,220	365	855	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,385	305	1,080	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,725	820	905	1.3	1.3	1.4
Business, management and public administration	19,925	7,290	12,640	15.3	11.5	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,470	270	1,200	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,425	7,020	11,405	14.2	11.1	17.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,195	1,020	1,175	1.7	1.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	990	420	575	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	465	180	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	515	355	160	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,850	2,875	975	3.0	4.6	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,450	2,665	790	2.7	4.2	1.2
25. Library science	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	220	145	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,065	12,045	1,020	10.1	19.1	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	200	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,065	1,715	355	1.6	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,485	3,105	380	2.7	4.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,610	70	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,135	3,045	90	2.4	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,485	1,450	40	1.1	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,260	630	630	1.0	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	920	385	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	250	95	0.3	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	10,755	1,810	8,950	8.3	2.9	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735	405	330	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,700	1,265	8,435	7.5	2.0	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,600	3,105	2,500	4.3	4.9	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,905	715	2,195	2.2	1.1	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	105	85	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,235	1,005	235	1.0	1.6	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,345	1,295	55	1.0	2.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	83,490	40,880	42,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,925	15,360	12,565	33.4	37.6	29.5
Education	3,110	685	2,425	3.7	1.7	5.7
13. Education	3,110	685	2,425	3.7	1.7	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,805	795	1,010	2.2	1.9	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	135	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,595	660	935	1.9	1.6	2.2
Humanities	2,130	850	1,275	2.6	2.1	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	90	240	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	475	160	315	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	140	280	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	140	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	320	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	35	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,665	1,525	4,140	6.8	3.7	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	650	305	345	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	50	1,345	1.7	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	290	740	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,140	215	925	1.4	0.5	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,315	620	705	1.6	1.5	1.7
Business, management and public administration	15,270	5,660	9,610	18.3	13.8	22.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,150	205	945	1.4	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,105	5,455	8,650	16.9	13.3	20.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,700	785	910	2.0	1.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	775	320	450	0.9	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	140	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	420	280	140	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,330	2,520	810	4.0	6.2	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,030	2,345	685	3.6	5.7	1.6
25. Library science	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	115	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,430	8,570	865	11.3	21.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,695	1,385	305	2.0	3.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,690	2,360	330	3.2	5.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,810	1,755	55	2.2	4.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,080	2,015	70	2.5	4.9	0.2
48. Precision production	985	955	30	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,000	495	505	1.2	1.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	705	280	425	0.8	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	215	80	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	8,020	1,450	6,570	9.6	3.5	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	330	250	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,160	1,010	6,145	8.6	2.5	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,080	2,170	1,905	4.9	5.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,185	510	1,670	2.6	1.2	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	880	700	180	1.1	1.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	970	925	45	1.2	2.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	83,490	40,880	42,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,925	15,360	12,565	33.4	37.6	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,565	25,525	30,040	66.6	62.4	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	49,120	22,395	26,725	58.8	54.8	62.7
Same as province or territory of residence	36,660	16,480	20,180	43.9	40.3	47.4
Different than province or territory of residence	12,460	5,915	6,545	14.9	14.5	15.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,435	3,130	3,315	7.7	7.7	7.8
Americas	1,255	620	625	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	560	290	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mexico	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,310	695	610	1.6	1.7	1.4
Belgium	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	320	185	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Germany	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	35	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	220	100	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	310	175	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	970	490	480	1.2	1.2	1.1
Nigeria	250	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	285	155	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	2,790	1,265	1,525	3.3	3.1	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	305	135	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	340	180	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	740	295	445	0.9	0.7	1.0
Viet Nam	175	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	835	405	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	129,890	63,150	66,740	...	...	...
In the labour force	84,660	43,510	41,150	...	...	...
Employed	77,515	39,650	37,870	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,145	3,860	3,280	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	45,230	19,640	25,590	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.2	68.9	61.7	65.2	68.9	61.7
Employment rate	59.7	62.8	56.7	59.7	62.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.9	8.0	8.4	8.9	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	129,890	63,155	66,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,810	19,485	25,320	34.5	30.9	37.9
Worked	85,085	43,665	41,415	65.5	69.1	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	47,560	25,720	21,835	36.6	40.7	32.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,520	17,940	19,585	28.9	28.4	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.2	41.7	42.1	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	84,660	43,515	41,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,385	680	705	1.6	1.6	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	83,275	42,830	40,445	98.4	98.4	98.3
Employee	75,250	37,985	37,265	88.9	87.3	90.6
Permanent position	63,010	31,960	31,050	74.4	73.4	75.5
Temporary position	12,240	6,025	6,215	14.5	13.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,545	1,630	1,915	4.2	3.7	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,695	4,395	4,295	10.3	10.1	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,020	4,845	3,180	9.5	11.1	7.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	84,660	43,515	41,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,385	680	705	1.6	1.6	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	83,275	42,830	40,445	98.4	98.4	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	835	555	280	1.0	1.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,855	5,165	9,685	17.5	11.9	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,920	4,540	1,385	7.0	10.4	3.4
3 Health occupations	7,440	1,375	6,065	8.8	3.2	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,735	3,180	6,555	11.5	7.3	15.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,135	1,080	1,050	2.5	2.5	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	25,520	11,840	13,680	30.1	27.2	33.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,255	12,240	1,015	15.7	28.1	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,215	980	240	1.4	2.3	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,365	1,875	490	2.8	4.3	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	84,660	43,515	41,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,385	680	705	1.6	1.6	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	83,275	42,830	40,445	98.4	98.4	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	950	675	270	1.1	1.6	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	550	350	200	0.6	0.8	0.5
22 Utilities	240	205	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	5,020	4,405	615	5.9	10.1	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	4,490	3,450	1,040	5.3	7.9	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,705	2,075	630	3.2	4.8	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	10,600	5,435	5,170	12.5	12.5	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,205	3,880	1,330	6.1	8.9	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	1,895	1,150	745	2.2	2.6	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	5,425	2,115	3,315	6.4	4.9	8.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,220	735	480	1.4	1.7	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,680	2,710	1,970	5.5	6.2	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,430	3,095	2,335	6.4	7.1	5.7
61 Educational services	5,920	1,935	3,985	7.0	4.4	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	11,160	2,170	8,995	13.2	5.0	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,865	1,055	810	2.2	2.4	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,475	2,215	3,255	6.5	5.1	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,530	1,755	1,780	4.2	4.0	4.3
91 Public administration	6,730	3,350	3,380	7.9	7.7	8.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	90,810	46,460	44,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,320	31,015	26,300	63.1	66.8	59.3
French	8,175	3,240	4,935	9.0	7.0	11.1
Non-official language	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	24,500	11,765	12,735	27.0	25.3	28.7
English and non-official language(s)	545	310	240	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	90,810	46,460	44,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,465	44,015	41,450	94.1	94.7	93.5
Official languages	85,250	43,905	41,345	93.9	94.5	93.2
English	70,830	38,005	32,825	78.0	81.8	74.0
French	14,420	5,900	8,520	15.9	12.7	19.2
Non-official languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,345	2,440	2,900	5.9	5.3	6.5
English and French	5,175	2,350	2,835	5.7	5.1	6.4
English and non-official language(s)	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	90,810	46,460	44,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,920	36,735	34,185	78.1	79.1	77.1
English	6,320	2,705	3,615	7.0	5.8	8.2
French	13,125	6,785	6,340	14.5	14.6	14.3
Non-official language	335	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	335	180	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	77,515	39,650	37,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,180	7,695	8,485	20.9	19.4	22.4
Worked outside Canada	195	165	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,365	6,320	2,040	10.8	15.9	5.4
Usual place of work	52,780	25,465	27,320	68.1	64.2	72.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,780	25,465	27,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,595	12,750	14,845	52.3	50.1	54.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,720	7,625	8,095	29.8	29.9	29.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,855	4,690	4,160	16.8	18.4	15.2
Commute to a different province or territory	610	395	215	1.2	1.6	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	61,145	31,790	29,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	54,960	28,905	26,050	89.9	90.9	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	49,290	26,755	22,535	80.6	84.2	76.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,665	2,150	3,520	9.3	6.8	12.0
Public transit	1,340	540	805	2.2	1.7	2.7
Walked	3,105	1,350	1,755	5.1	4.2	6.0
Bicycle	330	270	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	1,405	715	690	2.3	2.2	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	61,145	31,790	29,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	28,385	13,910	14,485	46.4	43.8	49.3
15 to 29 minutes	24,390	12,745	11,645	39.9	40.1	39.7
30 to 44 minutes	5,680	3,320	2,360	9.3	10.4	8.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,215	755	460	2.0	2.4	1.6
60 minutes and over	1,470	1,060	410	2.4	3.3	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	61,145	31,790	29,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,510	1,815	700	4.1	5.7	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,655	5,335	3,320	14.2	16.8	11.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,260	10,080	10,180	33.1	31.7	34.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,240	6,015	7,225	21.7	18.9	24.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,805	2,975	3,830	11.1	9.4	13.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,680	5,575	4,105	15.8	17.5	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,790	15,180	14,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,715	6,970	6,750	46.0	45.9	46.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,070	8,215	7,855	53.9	54.1	53.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,225	11,400	10,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,285	5,235	5,050	46.3	45.9	46.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	8,175	4,150	4,025	36.8	36.4	37.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,105	1,080	1,025	9.5	9.5	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,945	6,165	5,775	53.7	54.1	53.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table