Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mission--Matsqui--Fraser CanyonMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,216	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	94,825	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,609	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	34,542	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21,330.06	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,220	51,445	49,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,010	9,360	8,645	17.8	18.2	17.4
0 to 4 years	5,375	2,785	2,590	5.3	5.4	5.2
5 to 9 years	6,215	3,215	3,000	6.1	6.2	6.0
10 to 14 years	6,415	3,360	3,055	6.3	6.5	6.1
15 to 64 years	64,555	32,975	31,585	63.8	64.1	63.5
15 to 19 years	5,965	3,160	2,800	5.9	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	5,490	2,855	2,635	5.4	5.5	5.3
25 to 29 years	5,625	2,895	2,725	5.6	5.6	5.5
30 to 34 years	6,560	3,345	3,210	6.5	6.5	6.4
35 to 39 years	7,125	3,595	3,535	7.0	7.0	7.1
40 to 44 years	6,655	3,415	3,245	6.6	6.6	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,250	3,220	3,025	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,285	3,225	3,060	6.2	6.3	6.1
55 to 59 years	7,260	3,680	3,585	7.2	7.2	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,335	3,575	3,765	7.2	6.9	7.6
65 years and over	18,655	9,110	9,545	18.4	17.7	19.2
65 to 69 years	6,445	3,145	3,300	6.4	6.1	6.6
70 to 74 years	5,270	2,625	2,640	5.2	5.1	5.3
75 to 79 years	3,245	1,640	1,605	3.2	3.2	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,025	970	1,050	2.0	1.9	2.1
85 years and over	1,675	730	945	1.7	1.4	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,140	525	615	1.1	1.0	1.2
90 to 94 years	430	175	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.2	17.4	17.8	18.2	17.4
15 to 64 years	63.8	64.1	63.5	63.8	64.1	63.5
65 years and over	18.4	17.7	19.2	18.4	17.7	19.2
85 years and over	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.9
Average age of the population	41.2	40.7	41.8	41.2	40.7	41.8
Median age of the population	41.2	40.8	42.0	41.2	40.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,630	...	...	62.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	890	...	...	2.6	...	...
Row house	2,370	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,185	...	...	17.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,945	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,360	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,450	...	...	21.6	...	...
2 persons	11,425	...	...	33.1	...	...
3 persons	5,010	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	4,960	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	5,700	...	...	16.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,075	49,870	49,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,210	42,085	41,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,885	24,975	24,910	60.0	59.3	60.6
Married	42,080	21,090	20,985	50.6	50.1	51.0
Living common-law	7,805	3,885	3,920	9.4	9.2	9.5
Living common law - Never married	5,430	2,750	2,685	6.5	6.5	6.5
Living common law - Separated	480	245	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,695	820	880	2.0	1.9	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	200	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	33,325	17,105	16,220	40.0	40.6	39.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,025	12,835	9,190	26.5	30.5	22.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,215	1,080	1,135	2.7	2.6	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,815	2,130	2,685	5.8	5.1	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,270	1,070	3,205	5.1	2.5	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,180	...	...	49.9	...	...
3 persons	5,650	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	5,745	...	...	20.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,870	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,040	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	20,135	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,825	...	...	38.1	...	...
Without children	9,310	...	...	32.7	...	...
Common-law couples	3,905	...	...	13.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,660	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	2,250	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,400	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,270	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,130	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,075	49,875	49,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,820	42,195	41,625	84.6	84.6	84.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,080	24,000	24,080	48.5	48.1	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,405	1,135	3,275	4.4	2.3	6.7
Children⁶	31,335	17,065	14,275	31.6	34.2	29.0
In a two-parent family	24,450	13,150	11,305	24.7	26.4	23.0
In a one-parent family	6,880	3,915	2,970	6.9	7.8	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,260	7,675	7,580	15.4	15.4	15.4
Living alone	7,450	3,795	3,655	7.5	7.6	7.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,980	1,725	2,255	4.0	3.5	4.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,830	2,160	1,670	3.9	4.3	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,160	...	...	58.4	...	...
Couple-family households	17,405	...	...	50.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,720	...	...	25.2	...	...
Without children	8,685	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,755	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,040	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	605	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,880	...	...	5.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,410	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	7,450	...	...	21.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,095	40,525	40,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,455	39,160	39,295	96.7	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,800	32,000	37,200	44,800	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,510	39,180	39,325	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	30,200	34,400	40,400	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,415	34,630	32,780	83.1	85.5	80.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	42,400	24,400	32,400	42,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,555	29,190	26,365	68.5	72.0	65.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	45,200	26,800	34,800	45,200	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,410	31,385	35,025	81.9	77.4	86.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	8,600	11,700	10,300	8,600	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,455	3,495	4,960	10.4	8.6	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,640	5,480	5,120	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,365	9,550	10,815	25.1	23.6	26.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,125	40,790	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,535	39,475	39,055	96.8	96.8	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,080	54,650	39,440	47,080	54,650	39,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,600	39,505	39,105	96.9	96.8	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	46,440	35,320	40,920	46,440	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,415	34,770	32,650	83.1	85.2	80.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	52,500	33,960	43,520	52,500	33,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,690	29,305	26,385	68.6	71.8	65.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,840	52,300	34,440	43,840	52,300	34,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,125	31,500	34,625	81.5	77.2	85.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,540	10,510	12,480	11,540	10,510	12,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,475	3,410	5,060	10.4	8.4	12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,785	6,890	6,440	5,785	6,890
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,950	9,335	10,615	24.6	22.9	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,560	8,840	8,710	8,560	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,130	40,790	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,260	15,080	10,180	31.1	37.0	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	66,000	50,000	58,400	66,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	72,300	54,800	65,300	72,300	54,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,800	9,910	11,885	26.9	24.3	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	22,600	15,300	17,800	22,600	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,080	33,480	21,720	27,080	33,480	21,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.6	72.0	79.4	84.6	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.0	71.2	59.0	66.0	71.2	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	15.4	28.1	20.6	15.4	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.3	1.5	0.9	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.7	8.1	6.1	4.7	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	6.1	4.7	3.7	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,095	40,525	40,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,640	1,370	1,275	3.3	3.4	3.1
With total income	78,455	39,155	39,300	96.7	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,880	3,410	4,465	10.0	8.7	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,880	4,555	6,325	13.9	11.6	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,050	5,470	7,575	16.6	14.0	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,210	4,305	5,910	13.0	11.0	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	8,425	3,820	4,610	10.7	9.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,955	3,515	3,440	8.9	9.0	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,385	3,195	2,190	6.9	8.2	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,040	2,590	1,445	5.1	6.6	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,120	2,090	1,030	4.0	5.3	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,315	1,570	745	3.0	4.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	6,195	4,625	1,565	7.9	11.8	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,585	3,370	1,210	5.8	8.6	3.1
$150,000 and over	1,605	1,255	350	2.0	3.2	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,095	40,525	40,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,585	1,340	1,245	3.2	3.3	3.1
With after-tax income	78,510	39,185	39,330	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,140	3,520	4,615	10.4	9.0	11.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,160	4,695	6,465	14.2	12.0	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,565	6,110	8,450	18.6	15.6	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,555	4,990	6,565	14.7	12.7	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,600	4,680	4,915	12.2	11.9	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,485	4,265	3,225	9.5	10.9	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,210	3,295	1,920	6.6	8.4	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,695	2,450	1,240	4.7	6.3	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,495	1,745	750	3.2	4.5	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,565	1,125	435	2.0	2.9	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,045	2,305	745	3.9	5.9	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,765	1,330	435	2.2	3.4	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,275	970	305	1.6	2.5	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,095	40,525	40,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,540	11,335	14,205	31.5	28.0	35.0
With employment income	55,560	29,190	26,365	68.5	72.0	65.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,820	3,615	4,200	14.1	12.4	15.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,600	1,905	2,690	8.3	6.5	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,130	2,970	4,165	12.8	10.2	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,680	2,475	3,210	10.2	8.5	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,425	2,420	3,010	9.8	8.3	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,875	2,380	2,495	8.8	8.2	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,505	2,460	2,045	8.1	8.4	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,735	2,355	1,380	6.7	8.1	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,845	1,945	905	5.1	6.7	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,420	1,735	690	4.4	5.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	1,310	560	3.4	4.5	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,640	3,620	1,025	8.4	12.4	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,485	1,870	620	4.5	6.4	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,160	1,755	400	3.9	6.0	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,095	40,525	40,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,110	37,930	38,180	93.9	93.6	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	43,600	28,200	34,400	43,600	28,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,265	37,955	38,310	94.0	93.7	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,800	26,600	31,400	38,800	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,755	34,155	32,595	82.3	84.3	80.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	43,600	25,000	32,800	43,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,830	29,635	27,195	70.1	73.1	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	44,400	26,000	33,600	44,400	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,100	23,625	30,475	66.7	58.3	75.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,960	8,100	7,500	5,960	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,315	2,925	4,395	9.0	7.2	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,080	5,640	5,400	5,080	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,125	40,790	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,010	38,080	37,930	93.7	93.4	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	53,200	35,800	44,520	53,200	35,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,195	38,125	38,065	93.9	93.5	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	44,760	31,680	38,240	44,760	31,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,615	34,130	32,485	82.1	83.7	80.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,360	53,200	33,000	43,360	53,200	33,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,825	29,655	27,165	70.0	72.7	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,150	32,600	42,800	52,150	32,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,520	23,540	29,980	66.0	57.7	74.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270	8,940	9,530	9,270	8,940	9,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,380	2,960	4,425	9.1	7.3	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,985	7,490	6,890	5,985	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,130	40,790	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,030	14,940	10,085	30.9	36.6	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	63,600	45,200	54,800	63,600	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,850	69,900	49,920	61,850	69,900	49,920
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,245	9,115	11,135	25.0	22.3	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,600	18,400	22,000	28,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,840	40,360	24,840	31,840	40,360	24,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.6	79.0	85.4	89.6	79.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	76.2	65.2	71.8	76.2	65.2
Government transfers (%)	14.7	10.4	21.0	14.7	10.4	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.4	1.5	0.9	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,680	...	...	41,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	295	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	685	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,315	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,000	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,035	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,170	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,220	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,135	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,275	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,225	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,120	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,955	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,445	...	...	44.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,385	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,180	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,440	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	475	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	705	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,370	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,135	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,130	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,300	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,375	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,290	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,635	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,550	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,370	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,990	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,650	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,195	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,145	...	...	14.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,280	5,950	5,330	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	37,200	32,800	34,400	37,200	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,400	30,800	32,400	34,400	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,300	...	...	105,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,500	...	...	100,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,200	...	...	148,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,210	6,120	5,090	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,080	48,320	41,240	45,080	48,320	41,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,280	41,120	37,080	39,280	41,120	37,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,075	49,875	49,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,665	11,290	10,375	21.9	22.6	21.1
0 to 5 years	6,615	3,465	3,155	6.7	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	59,465	29,825	29,640	60.0	59.8	60.2
65 years and over	17,940	8,750	9,185	18.1	17.5	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,685	4,760	4,930	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,280	1,195	1,085	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	725	385	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,030	2,515	2,520	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,375	1,045	1,325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.5	10.0	9.8	9.5	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.6	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.8	10.9	11.0	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.4	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.5
65 years and over (%)	13.2	12.0	14.4	13.2	12.0	14.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,175	46,865	46,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,420	10,665	9,750	21.9	22.8	21.1
0 to 5 years	6,270	3,280	2,995	6.7	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	55,900	28,000	27,905	60.0	59.7	60.3
65 years and over	16,860	8,195	8,665	18.1	17.5	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,905	1,530	1,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	665	370	300	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	100	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,950	1,035	910	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	130	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,075	49,875	49,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,445	23,450	24,000	47.9	47.0	48.8
In bottom decile	9,375	4,670	4,710	9.5	9.4	9.6
In second decile	8,375	4,030	4,350	8.5	8.1	8.8
In third decile	9,260	4,555	4,700	9.3	9.1	9.6
In fourth decile	10,045	4,980	5,070	10.1	10.0	10.3
In fifth decile	10,390	5,215	5,170	10.5	10.5	10.5
In top half of the distribution	51,630	26,420	25,205	52.1	53.0	51.2
In sixth decile	11,175	5,670	5,505	11.3	11.4	11.2
In seventh decile	10,895	5,595	5,295	11.0	11.2	10.8
In eighth decile	11,160	5,710	5,455	11.3	11.4	11.1
In ninth decile	10,740	5,455	5,285	10.8	10.9	10.7
In top decile	7,660	3,985	3,670	7.7	8.0	7.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,075	...	...	99,075	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.297	...	...	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,970	50,345	49,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,945	46,310	44,635	91.0	92.0	90.0
French only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,005	1,770	2,240	4.0	3.5	4.5
Neither English nor French	5,000	2,265	2,735	5.0	4.5	5.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,970	50,345	49,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,110	47,645	46,465	94.1	94.6	93.6
French	700	360	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	4,935	2,230	2,700	4.9	4.4	5.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,970	50,345	49,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,910	48,845	48,065	96.9	97.0	96.9
Official languages	71,560	36,345	35,215	71.6	72.2	71.0
English	70,780	35,945	34,835	70.8	71.4	70.2
French	780	395	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	25,345	12,500	12,850	25.4	24.8	25.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Halkomelem	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,170	12,400	12,765	25.2	24.6	25.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	135	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	135	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	425	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	545	215	330	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	455	180	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,315	11,060	11,255	22.3	22.0	22.7
Albanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	840	365	475	0.8	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	820	355	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,120	1,035	1,085	2.1	2.1	2.2
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,260	625	635	1.3	1.2	1.3
German	1,190	590	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	740	350	390	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	595	280	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	18,155	9,070	9,085	18.2	18.0	18.3
Indo-Aryan languages	17,980	8,985	8,995	18.0	17.8	18.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	340	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,370	8,685	8,685	17.4	17.3	17.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110	535	575	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	595	280	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	320	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	625	285	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	580	265	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	305	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,060	1,505	1,555	3.1	3.0	3.1
English and French	260	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,610	1,290	1,320	2.6	2.6	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,970	50,345	49,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,235	37,165	36,070	73.3	73.8	72.7
French	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	11,410	5,600	5,810	11.4	11.1	11.7
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,385	5,590	5,795	11.4	11.1	11.7
English and French	460	220	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	14,095	7,005	7,095	14.1	13.9	14.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	355	165	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,970	50,345	49,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,510	48,620	47,885	96.5	96.6	96.5
Official languages	78,750	39,800	38,950	78.8	79.1	78.5
English	78,580	39,725	38,855	78.6	78.9	78.3
French	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	17,765	8,825	8,940	17.8	17.5	18.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,730	8,810	8,915	17.7	17.5	18.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	70	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,175	8,045	8,125	16.2	16.0	16.4
Albanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15,175	7,560	7,615	15.2	15.0	15.3
Indo-Aryan languages	15,090	7,515	7,570	15.1	14.9	15.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,740	7,350	7,390	14.7	14.6	14.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	360	170	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,460	1,725	1,740	3.5	3.4	3.5
English and French	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,330	1,655	1,675	3.3	3.3	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,970	50,345	49,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,765	44,340	43,420	87.8	88.1	87.5
English	5,370	2,735	2,630	5.4	5.4	5.3
French	415	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	5,175	2,485	2,685	5.2	4.9	5.4
Indigenous³⁹	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,005	2,415	2,590	5.0	4.8	5.2
English and French	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	640	320	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	425	190	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,210	50,255	48,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	94,270	48,050	46,225	95.0	95.6	94.4
English	94,240	48,040	46,195	95.0	95.6	94.3
French	4,005	1,780	2,225	4.0	3.5	4.5
Non-official languages	31,625	15,705	15,915	31.9	31.3	32.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	430	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Halkomelem	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	90	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	50	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,110	15,455	15,650	31.4	30.8	32.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	255	140	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	335	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	600	315	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	710	300	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	620	260	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,275	13,715	13,565	27.5	27.3	27.7
Albanian	60	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	940	430	510	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	400	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	295	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,880	1,430	1,445	2.9	2.8	3.0
Frisian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,835	925	910	1.8	1.8	1.9
German	1,780	895	885	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,005	480	520	1.0	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	710	335	380	0.7	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	21,605	10,970	10,635	21.8	21.8	21.7
Indo-Aryan languages	21,445	10,875	10,570	21.6	21.6	21.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	3,190	1,610	1,580	3.2	3.2	3.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,750	10,550	10,200	20.9	21.0	20.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	355	165	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,160	1,040	1,120	2.2	2.1	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	290	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,495	690	815	1.5	1.4	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	285	105	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	275	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	210	55	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	175	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	925	410	520	0.9	0.8	1.1
Chinese languages	885	380	500	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	580	215	365	0.6	0.4	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	450	220	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	260	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,215	50,255	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,225	5,640	5,585	11.3	11.2	11.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,920	5,505	5,415	11.0	11.0	11.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,180	4,075	4,100	8.2	8.1	8.4
Métis	2,705	1,420	1,285	2.7	2.8	2.6
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	87,990	44,615	43,375	88.7	88.8	88.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,215	50,255	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,820	3,380	3,440	6.9	6.7	7.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,395	46,870	45,520	93.1	93.3	93.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,275	...	...	76.0	...	...
Renter	7,245	...	...	21.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,030	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,465	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not condominium	32,090	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,795	...	...	8.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,660	...	...	22.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,605	...	...	30.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,345	...	...	38.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,785	...	...	22.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,100	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,800	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	4,215	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,655	...	...	36.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,145	...	...	95.9	...	...
More than one person per room	1,410	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	32,240	...	...	93.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,320	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,500	...	...	10.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,890	...	...	25.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,590	...	...	16.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,160	...	...	20.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,865	...	...	8.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,285	...	...	6.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,765	...	...	5.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,505	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	32,085	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,470	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,170	...	...	43.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,005	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,380	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	510	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,650	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,200	...	...	17.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,585	...	...	19.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,740	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,145	...	...	17.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,875	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	855	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,925	...	...	78.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,685	...	...	21.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,965	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,395	...	...	30.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,795	...	...	16.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,815	...	...	5.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,745	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,160	...	...	69.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	30,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,665	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	28,220	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,645	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.6	...	...	62.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.5	...	...	18.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,672	...	...	1,672	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	868,000	...	...	868,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.3	...	...	30.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.7	...	...	19.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,252	...	...	1,252	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	456	...	...	456	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	442	...	...	442	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,215	50,250	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,995	3,025	2,970	6.0	6.0	6.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,920	2,985	2,930	6.0	5.9	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,490	2,760	2,730	5.5	5.5	5.6
Métis single ancestry	435	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,490	2,715	2,770	5.5	5.4	5.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,345	2,635	2,715	5.4	5.2	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,720	1,795	1,920	3.7	3.6	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,605	825	775	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	87,730	44,510	43,220	88.4	88.6	88.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,215	50,250	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,605	45,515	44,090	90.3	90.6	90.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,050	10,995	10,060	21.2	21.9	20.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,555	34,525	34,035	69.1	68.7	69.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,605	4,735	4,870	9.7	9.4	9.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,215	50,250	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,555	38,185	36,370	75.1	76.0	74.3
Immigrants⁸¹	22,365	10,760	11,600	22.5	21.4	23.7
Before 1980	4,300	2,170	2,130	4.3	4.3	4.4
1980 to 1990	2,565	1,270	1,295	2.6	2.5	2.6
1991 to 2000	4,680	2,140	2,545	4.7	4.3	5.2
2001 to 2010	5,660	2,730	2,935	5.7	5.4	6.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,155	2,455	2,700	5.2	4.9	5.5
2011 to 2015	2,580	1,215	1,365	2.6	2.4	2.8
2016 to 2021	2,575	1,240	1,335	2.6	2.5	2.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,295	1,310	985	2.3	2.6	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,365	10,760	11,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,715	865	845	7.7	8.0	7.3
5 to 14 years	2,935	1,515	1,420	13.1	14.1	12.2
15 to 24 years	5,985	2,600	3,385	26.8	24.2	29.2
25 to 44 years	7,975	4,120	3,860	35.7	38.3	33.3
45 years and over	3,755	1,665	2,090	16.8	15.5	18.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,365	10,760	11,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,935	890	1,045	8.7	8.3	9.0
Brazil	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Colombia	60	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.3
El Salvador	120	60	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guyana	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	60	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	125	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Peru	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	985	470	515	4.4	4.4	4.4
Other places of birth in Americas	380	155	225	1.7	1.4	1.9
Europe	4,745	2,425	2,320	21.2	22.5	20.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatia	70	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	625	300	325	2.8	2.8	2.8
Greece	45	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Hungary	120	65	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Italy	90	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	575	315	260	2.6	2.9	2.2
Poland	205	80	125	0.9	0.7	1.1
Portugal	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romania	205	110	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
Russian Federation	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,840	935	900	8.2	8.7	7.8
Other places of birth in Europe	630	330	305	2.8	3.1	2.6
Africa	515	265	245	2.3	2.5	2.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	190	95	90	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	200	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Asia	14,815	7,005	7,805	66.2	65.1	67.3
Afghanistan	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	75	55	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
Iraq	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkey	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	355	145	210	1.6	1.3	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	195	85	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
Taiwan	85	20	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
Philippines	605	235	375	2.7	2.2	3.2
Viet Nam	420	190	230	1.9	1.8	2.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	12,085	5,795	6,290	54.0	53.9	54.2
Pakistan	170	90	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	530	235	295	2.4	2.2	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	360	170	185	1.6	1.6	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,575	1,240	1,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	190	90	105	7.4	7.3	7.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
Mexico	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
United States of America	115	65	55	4.5	5.2	4.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	25	15	1.4	2.0	1.1
Europe	170	75	95	6.6	6.0	7.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	15	1.0	1.2	1.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	25	1.6	1.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	65	30	35	2.5	2.4	2.6
Africa	90	40	55	3.5	3.2	4.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	20	1.2	0.8	1.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	2.1	2.4	1.9
Asia	2,070	1,000	1,070	80.4	80.6	80.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	1.2	0.8	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,735	875	865	67.4	70.6	64.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	25	25	1.9	2.0	1.9
Philippines	85	35	50	3.3	2.8	3.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.1
Turkey	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	50	20	30	1.9	1.6	2.2
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	30	1.4	0.8	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	55	40	10	2.1	3.2	0.7
Australia	25	25	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	20	10	1.2	1.6	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,210	50,255	48,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,580	12,490	13,090	25.8	24.9	26.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,270	11,510	10,760	22.4	22.9	22.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	51,360	26,250	25,110	51.8	52.2	51.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,065	8,590	9,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,860	2,380	2,475	26.9	27.7	26.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,090	1,295	800	11.6	15.1	8.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,770	1,090	1,680	15.3	12.7	17.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,095	5,635	6,455	67.0	65.6	68.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,040	540	500	5.8	6.3	5.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,065	8,590	9,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	335	205	130	1.9	2.4	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,370	715	660	7.6	8.3	7.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	90	115	1.1	1.0	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	675	305	370	3.7	3.6	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	25	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15,390	7,260	8,130	85.2	84.5	85.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,215	50,255	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	29,135	14,495	14,645	29.4	28.8	29.9
South Asian	22,795	11,575	11,210	23.0	23.0	22.9
Chinese	1,110	480	630	1.1	1.0	1.3
Black	745	355	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
Filipino	840	360	480	0.8	0.7	1.0
Arab	200	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	695	330	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Southeast Asian	1,265	615	645	1.3	1.2	1.3
West Asian	180	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	370	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	510	215	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	70,075	35,755	34,320	70.6	71.1	70.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,215	50,255	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,360	5,400	4,960	10.4	10.7	10.1
English	19,740	9,780	9,955	19.9	19.5	20.3
Irish	12,275	5,845	6,430	12.4	11.6	13.1
Scottish	15,290	7,490	7,795	15.4	14.9	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,750	3,250	3,500	6.8	6.5	7.1
German	11,890	6,035	5,850	12.0	12.0	11.9
Chinese	1,390	605	785	1.4	1.2	1.6
Italian	2,800	1,475	1,325	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indian (India)	12,750	6,395	6,355	12.9	12.7	13.0
Ukrainian	4,285	1,975	2,310	4.3	3.9	4.7
Dutch	6,370	3,255	3,110	6.4	6.5	6.4
Polish	2,540	1,245	1,295	2.6	2.5	2.6
Québécois	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,460	1,740	1,725	3.5	3.5	3.5
Filipino	740	295	445	0.7	0.6	0.9
French Canadian	725	370	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,850	915	935	1.9	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,135	2,565	2,575	5.2	5.1	5.3
Métis	2,250	1,175	1,085	2.3	2.3	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,165	1,105	1,055	2.2	2.2	2.2
Russian	2,840	1,385	1,460	2.9	2.8	3.0
Norwegian	2,895	1,455	1,440	2.9	2.9	2.9
Welsh	1,935	900	1,040	2.0	1.8	2.1
Portuguese	425	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	1,290	625	670	1.3	1.2	1.4
Spanish	580	245	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	2,185	1,065	1,125	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hungarian	1,035	555	485	1.0	1.1	1.0
Acadian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	275	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	355	175	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	6,295	3,245	3,050	6.3	6.5	6.2
Vietnamese	785	405	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	515	265	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	555	295	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	260	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	645	325	315	0.7	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,040	525	515	1.0	1.0	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,060	525	545	1.1	1.0	1.1
Sikh	3,965	2,030	1,935	4.0	4.0	4.0
Austrian	725	330	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belgian	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	570	305	265	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mexican	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,115	560	550	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swiss	595	295	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	795	465	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sri Lankan	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	270	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	475	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,000	495	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	575	285	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	475	275	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	400	170	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Turkish	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	90	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Laotian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	670	360	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	180	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jatt	580	305	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,215	50,255	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	545	205	340	0.5	0.4	0.7
Christian	31,070	14,540	16,535	31.3	28.9	33.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,810	5,250	5,555	10.9	10.4	11.3
Anabaptist	1,480	700	780	1.5	1.4	1.6
Anglican	2,130	900	1,230	2.1	1.8	2.5
Baptist	840	400	435	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catholic	7,295	3,500	3,800	7.4	7.0	7.8
Christian Orthodox	455	215	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	605	260	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Latter Day Saints	275	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	895	450	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	925	450	475	0.9	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	525	190	335	0.5	0.4	0.7
Reformed	685	330	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Church	2,020	830	1,190	2.0	1.7	2.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,025	895	1,130	2.0	1.8	2.3
Hindu	1,765	870	890	1.8	1.7	1.8
Jewish	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	635	325	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	19,355	9,830	9,520	19.5	19.6	19.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	885	420	465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	775	355	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	44,095	23,655	20,440	44.4	47.1	41.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,330	49,835	48,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,940	43,680	42,265	87.4	87.6	87.2
Movers	12,385	6,155	6,225	12.6	12.4	12.8
Non-migrants	6,355	3,150	3,205	6.5	6.3	6.6
Migrants	6,030	3,000	3,025	6.1	6.0	6.2
Internal migrants	5,380	2,690	2,685	5.5	5.4	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,680	2,305	2,370	4.8	4.6	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	700	385	315	0.7	0.8	0.6
External migrants	650	310	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,935	47,520	46,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,010	27,275	26,735	57.5	57.4	57.6
Movers	39,920	20,245	19,680	42.5	42.6	42.4
Non-migrants	14,670	7,285	7,390	15.6	15.3	15.9
Migrants	25,250	12,960	12,290	26.9	27.3	26.5
Internal migrants	21,840	11,160	10,680	23.3	23.5	23.0
Intraprovincial migrants	19,400	9,865	9,535	20.7	20.8	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,445	1,295	1,145	2.6	2.7	2.5
External migrants	3,410	1,800	1,610	3.6	3.8	3.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,130	40,790	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,210	10,555	8,660	23.7	25.9	21.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,915	30,240	31,675	76.3	74.1	78.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,795	25,875	25,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,970	5,220	3,750	17.3	20.2	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,830	20,650	22,175	82.7	79.8	85.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,125	40,790	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,030	9,155	7,880	21.0	22.4	19.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,295	14,295	14,005	34.9	35.0	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,800	17,345	18,460	44.1	42.5	45.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,360	12,430	11,930	30.0	30.5	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,535	5,855	1,675	9.3	14.4	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,220	2,035	1,180	4.0	5.0	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,320	3,820	495	5.3	9.4	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,295	5,135	8,160	16.4	12.6	20.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,530	1,440	2,095	4.4	3.5	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,445	4,915	6,535	14.1	12.0	16.2
Bachelor's degree	7,560	3,205	4,355	9.3	7.9	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	985	300	680	1.2	0.7	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	185	115	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,365	1,100	1,265	2.9	2.7	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,795	25,875	25,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,710	4,445	3,265	14.9	17.2	12.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,855	9,205	8,655	34.5	35.6	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,235	12,225	14,005	50.7	47.2	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,495	8,730	8,770	33.8	33.7	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,275	4,095	1,180	10.2	15.8	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,260	1,415	850	4.4	5.5	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,010	2,680	335	5.8	10.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,705	3,640	6,065	18.7	14.1	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	990	1,525	4.9	3.8	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,735	3,495	5,235	16.9	13.5	20.2
Bachelor's degree	5,800	2,350	3,445	11.2	9.1	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	205	575	1.5	0.8	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	110	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,810	750	1,060	3.5	2.9	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,130	40,785	40,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,325	23,450	21,880	55.9	57.5	54.2
Education	2,665	670	1,995	3.3	1.6	4.9
13. Education	2,665	670	1,995	3.3	1.6	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985	490	495	1.2	1.2	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	120	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	835	370	465	1.0	0.9	1.2
Humanities	2,565	1,060	1,505	3.2	2.6	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	60	155	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	330	70	260	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,235	490	745	1.5	1.2	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	230	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
54. History	250	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,240	945	2,295	4.0	2.3	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	40	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	50	770	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	525	125	405	0.6	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	510	150	360	0.6	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	1,135	530	600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,310	2,130	4,180	7.8	5.2	10.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	155	475	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,660	1,965	3,700	7.0	4.8	9.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,005	460	540	1.2	1.1	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	165	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	110	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,050	630	420	1.3	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	875	550	320	1.1	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,350	7,895	455	10.3	19.4	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	105	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
14. Engineering	870	790	80	1.1	1.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,380	1,235	140	1.7	3.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,600	2,535	60	3.2	6.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110	2,050	65	2.6	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,275	1,200	80	1.6	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,255	700	550	1.5	1.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	880	445	435	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	375	260	110	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	5,685	995	4,690	7.0	2.4	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,265	770	4,495	6.5	1.9	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,690	1,360	1,330	3.3	3.3	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,455	385	1,075	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	305	175	0.6	0.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	660	90	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,795	25,875	25,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,565	13,650	11,915	49.4	52.8	46.0
Education	1,865	410	1,455	3.6	1.6	5.6
13. Education	1,865	410	1,455	3.6	1.6	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	710	340	370	1.4	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	75	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	615	265	355	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	1,920	775	1,140	3.7	3.0	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	50	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	235	40	200	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	905	355	550	1.7	1.4	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	140	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	230	95	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,530	635	1,895	4.9	2.5	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	40	650	1.3	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	410	70	340	0.8	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	390	105	285	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	860	365	495	1.7	1.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	4,710	1,505	3,210	9.1	5.8	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	120	375	0.9	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,220	1,390	2,830	8.1	5.4	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	685	315	370	1.3	1.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	110	175	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	130	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	115	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	865	520	340	1.7	2.0	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	750	475	275	1.4	1.8	1.1
25. Library science	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,920	5,565	355	11.4	21.5	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	80	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	650	580	70	1.3	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,005	885	120	1.9	3.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,860	1,825	40	3.6	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,415	1,370	40	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	905	845	60	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	860	445	410	1.7	1.7	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	585	280	305	1.1	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	165	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	4,170	720	3,450	8.1	2.8	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	115	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,880	575	3,300	7.5	2.2	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,000	995	1,010	3.9	3.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,055	250	810	2.0	1.0	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	220	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	580	515	65	1.1	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,795	25,875	25,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,565	13,650	11,915	49.4	52.8	46.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,230	12,225	14,005	50.6	47.2	54.0
Location of study inside Canada	21,390	10,010	11,380	41.3	38.7	43.9
Same as province or territory of residence	18,570	8,560	10,015	35.9	33.1	38.6
Different than province or territory of residence	2,820	1,450	1,365	5.4	5.6	5.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,840	2,220	2,625	9.3	8.6	10.1
Americas	715	325	385	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	570	260	310	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mexico	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	805	390	415	1.6	1.5	1.6
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	160	135	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	3,055	1,345	1,710	5.9	5.2	6.6
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	240	100	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	2,435	1,130	1,310	4.7	4.4	5.1
Pakistan	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	120	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,125	40,790	40,340	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,370	27,010	23,360	...	...	...
Employed	46,560	25,085	21,480	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,800	1,920	1,880	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,765	13,780	16,980	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.1	66.2	57.9	62.1	66.2	57.9
Employment rate	57.4	61.5	53.2	57.4	61.5	53.2
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.1	8.0	7.5	7.1	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,130	40,785	40,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,565	14,400	17,165	38.9	35.3	42.5
Worked	49,565	26,390	23,175	61.1	64.7	57.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,275	15,720	10,555	32.4	38.5	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,285	10,670	12,615	28.7	26.2	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.8	40.1	41.5	42.8	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,365	27,005	23,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	480	430	1.8	1.8	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,455	26,530	22,930	98.2	98.2	98.2
Employee	40,675	20,790	19,885	80.8	77.0	85.1
Permanent position	34,875	18,200	16,675	69.2	67.4	71.4
Temporary position	5,800	2,590	3,210	11.5	9.6	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,685	760	925	3.3	2.8	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,115	1,825	2,280	8.2	6.8	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,780	5,740	3,045	17.4	21.3	13.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,365	27,005	23,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	480	430	1.8	1.8	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,455	26,530	22,930	98.2	98.2	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	470	310	160	0.9	1.1	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,410	1,565	4,850	12.7	5.8	20.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,875	1,465	415	3.7	5.4	1.8
3 Health occupations	3,050	600	2,445	6.1	2.2	10.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,670	1,790	3,875	11.3	6.6	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,140	555	585	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	11,700	4,535	7,160	23.2	16.8	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,130	12,010	1,115	26.1	44.5	4.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,135	1,870	1,265	6.2	6.9	5.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,880	1,820	1,055	5.7	6.7	4.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,365	27,005	23,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	910	480	430	1.8	1.8	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	49,455	26,530	22,930	98.2	98.2	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,195	1,730	1,470	6.3	6.4	6.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	300	240	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
22 Utilities	215	175	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	6,165	5,395	765	12.2	20.0	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	4,150	2,870	1,285	8.2	10.6	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,605	1,120	490	3.2	4.1	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,305	2,300	3,005	10.5	8.5	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,115	3,375	745	8.2	12.5	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	595	375	220	1.2	1.4	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,105	380	725	2.2	1.4	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	620	345	275	1.2	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,300	1,070	1,230	4.6	4.0	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	40	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,265	1,290	975	4.5	4.8	4.2
61 Educational services	3,145	890	2,255	6.2	3.3	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	5,455	970	4,490	10.8	3.6	19.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	820	340	480	1.6	1.3	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,020	1,035	1,980	6.0	3.8	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,275	1,145	1,130	4.5	4.2	4.8
91 Public administration	2,715	1,450	1,265	5.4	5.4	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,235	28,820	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,090	25,440	22,655	88.7	88.3	89.1
French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	1,950	1,080	870	3.6	3.7	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,950	1,080	870	3.6	3.7	3.4
English and French	235	75	160	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,885	2,200	1,685	7.2	7.6	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,235	28,820	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,210	28,235	24,980	98.1	98.0	98.3
Official languages	50,245	26,530	23,715	92.6	92.1	93.3
English	50,160	26,500	23,660	92.5	92.0	93.1
French	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	2,970	1,700	1,265	5.5	5.9	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,965	1,700	1,265	5.5	5.9	5.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,735	1,605	1,130	5.0	5.6	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,690	1,575	1,115	5.0	5.5	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,690	1,575	1,115	5.0	5.5	4.4
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,685	1,570	1,115	5.0	5.4	4.4
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	135	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,025	580	440	1.9	2.0	1.7
English and French	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	975	575	405	1.8	2.0	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,235	28,820	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,080	27,095	23,980	94.2	94.0	94.3
English	1,010	620	390	1.9	2.2	1.5
French	150	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	1,825	965	865	3.4	3.3	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,820	960	860	3.4	3.3	3.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,560	25,080	21,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,235	2,740	3,500	13.4	10.9	16.3
Worked outside Canada	125	110	10	0.3	0.4	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,975	7,495	2,485	21.4	29.9	11.6
Usual place of work	30,225	14,735	15,490	64.9	58.8	72.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,225	14,735	15,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,995	5,630	8,360	46.3	38.2	54.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,245	3,435	3,805	24.0	23.3	24.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,910	5,615	3,295	29.5	38.1	21.3
Commute to a different province or territory	75	55	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,205	22,230	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,020	20,775	16,250	92.1	93.5	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,690	19,125	14,575	83.8	86.0	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,330	1,650	1,680	8.3	7.4	9.3
Public transit	795	320	470	2.0	1.4	2.6
Walked	1,470	630	840	3.7	2.8	4.7
Bicycle	185	130	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	735	375	360	1.8	1.7	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,205	22,230	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,620	5,465	7,150	31.4	24.6	39.8
15 to 29 minutes	11,695	5,975	5,725	29.1	26.9	31.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,940	4,290	2,655	17.3	19.3	14.8
45 to 59 minutes	3,710	2,480	1,230	9.2	11.2	6.8
60 minutes and over	5,235	4,020	1,210	13.0	18.1	6.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,205	22,230	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,370	3,200	1,170	10.9	14.4	6.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,605	5,165	2,435	18.9	23.2	13.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,280	4,840	4,435	23.1	21.8	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,170	3,130	4,040	17.8	14.1	22.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,995	1,990	3,010	12.4	9.0	16.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,785	3,910	2,875	16.9	17.6	16.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,055	11,490	10,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	975	475	505	4.4	4.1	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,075	11,020	10,055	95.6	95.9	95.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,300	8,505	7,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	370	400	4.8	4.4	5.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	395	180	215	2.4	2.1	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	190	195	2.3	2.2	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,525	8,135	7,390	95.2	95.6	94.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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