Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Miramichi--Grand LakeMore information: New Brunswick [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	57,520	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	57,405	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.2	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	28,248	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	25,593	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16,837.24	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	57,520	28,445	29,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,345	3,780	3,560	12.8	13.3	12.2
0 to 4 years	2,050	1,060	985	3.6	3.7	3.4
5 to 9 years	2,550	1,295	1,250	4.4	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	2,750	1,430	1,320	4.8	5.0	4.5
15 to 64 years	34,890	17,430	17,465	60.7	61.3	60.1
15 to 19 years	2,800	1,490	1,310	4.9	5.2	4.5
20 to 24 years	2,815	1,460	1,355	4.9	5.1	4.7
25 to 29 years	2,610	1,365	1,245	4.5	4.8	4.3
30 to 34 years	2,730	1,405	1,325	4.7	4.9	4.6
35 to 39 years	2,700	1,280	1,420	4.7	4.5	4.9
40 to 44 years	3,110	1,570	1,540	5.4	5.5	5.3
45 to 49 years	3,780	1,815	1,960	6.6	6.4	6.7
50 to 54 years	4,200	2,035	2,160	7.3	7.2	7.4
55 to 59 years	5,005	2,465	2,550	8.7	8.7	8.8
60 to 64 years	5,150	2,550	2,600	9.0	9.0	8.9
65 years and over	15,285	7,235	8,050	26.6	25.4	27.7
65 to 69 years	4,925	2,360	2,565	8.6	8.3	8.8
70 to 74 years	4,265	2,110	2,155	7.4	7.4	7.4
75 to 79 years	2,710	1,315	1,395	4.7	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	1,815	830	980	3.2	2.9	3.4
85 years and over	1,575	620	960	2.7	2.2	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,035	450	590	1.8	1.6	2.0
90 to 94 years	405	140	265	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	120	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.8	13.3	12.2	12.8	13.3	12.2
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.3	60.1	60.7	61.3	60.1
65 years and over	26.6	25.4	27.7	26.6	25.4	27.7
85 years and over	2.7	2.2	3.3	2.7	2.2	3.3
Average age of the population	47.2	46.4	48.1	47.2	46.4	48.1
Median age of the population	51.2	50.0	52.0	51.2	50.0	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	25,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,025	...	...	82.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	615	...	...	2.4	...	...
Row house	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	280	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,955	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,485	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	25,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,875	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	10,255	...	...	40.1	...	...
3 persons	3,725	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	2,520	...	...	9.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,225	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	56,395	27,855	28,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	50,175	24,665	25,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,045	14,070	13,980	55.9	57.0	54.8
Married	22,755	11,425	11,325	45.4	46.3	44.4
Living common-law	5,295	2,640	2,650	10.6	10.7	10.4
Living common law - Never married	3,830	1,915	1,920	7.6	7.8	7.5
Living common law - Separated	365	185	175	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	925	470	455	1.8	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	170	65	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	22,130	10,600	11,535	44.1	43.0	45.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,430	7,555	5,875	26.8	30.6	23.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,765	815	945	3.5	3.3	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,860	1,305	1,550	5.7	5.3	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,075	915	3,160	8.1	3.7	12.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,645	...	...	61.5	...	...
3 persons	3,595	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	2,255	...	...	13.0	...	...
5 or more persons	805	...	...	4.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,785	...	...	79.7	...	...
Married couples	11,140	...	...	64.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,200	...	...	24.3	...	...
Without children	6,940	...	...	40.1	...	...
Common-law couples	2,645	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,165	...	...	6.7	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,505	...	...	20.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,745	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	765	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	56,395	27,855	28,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	45,390	22,520	22,870	80.5	80.8	80.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,580	13,785	13,790	48.9	49.5	48.3
Parents in one-parent families	3,505	765	2,740	6.2	2.7	9.6
Children⁶	14,310	7,970	6,335	25.4	28.6	22.2
In a two-parent family	9,030	4,975	4,055	16.0	17.9	14.2
In a one-parent family	5,285	3,000	2,285	9.4	10.8	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,000	5,330	5,665	19.5	19.1	19.8
Living alone	7,870	3,730	4,145	14.0	13.4	14.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,465	685	780	2.6	2.5	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,665	920	745	3.0	3.3	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	25,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,435	...	...	60.3	...	...
Couple-family households	12,775	...	...	49.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,930	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	7,850	...	...	30.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,655	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	625	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	710	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	865	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	7,870	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	49,055	24,075	24,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,540	23,345	24,200	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	30,800	34,400	38,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,550	23,350	24,200	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,000	28,600	31,400	34,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,020	19,375	18,650	77.5	80.5	74.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,400	29,000	23,800	26,400	29,000	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,085	15,595	14,490	61.3	64.8	58.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	29,400	26,600	28,000	29,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,165	19,775	21,385	83.9	82.1	85.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	15,800	13,900	14,800	15,800	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,635	7,285	5,345	25.8	30.3	21.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	10,800	6,900	8,900	10,800	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,025	6,055	5,970	24.5	25.2	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	49,110	24,115	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,590	23,390	24,200	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,480	45,160	35,960	40,480	45,160	35,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,600	23,400	24,200	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,280	38,640	32,040	35,280	38,640	32,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,870	19,255	18,610	77.1	79.8	74.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,000	39,240	30,560	35,000	39,240	30,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,055	15,520	14,535	61.2	64.4	58.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,760	39,080	32,240	35,760	39,080	32,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,310	19,820	21,495	84.1	82.2	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,560	15,160	14,000	14,560	15,160	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,645	7,310	5,340	25.7	30.3	21.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,310	11,380	8,850	10,310	11,380	8,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,185	6,065	6,120	24.8	25.2	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,610	8,640	8,590	8,610	8,640	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	49,110	24,115	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,835	5,810	6,020	24.1	24.1	24.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	57,200	48,800	52,800	57,200	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050	61,700	52,600	57,050	61,700	52,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,995	7,390	6,600	28.5	30.6	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	19,800	14,300	17,200	19,800	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,680	27,720	19,160	23,680	27,720	19,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.8	71.6	65.4	68.8	71.6	65.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.8	57.4	53.9	55.8	57.4	53.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	31.2	28.5	34.6	31.2	28.5	34.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.8	7.9	5.4	6.8	7.9	5.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.6	5.8	7.5	6.6	5.8	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	5.0	6.0	5.5	5.0	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	49,055	24,070	24,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,510	725	785	3.1	3.0	3.1
With total income	47,545	23,345	24,195	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,705	1,485	2,215	7.8	6.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,015	2,895	4,125	14.8	12.4	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	9,740	4,345	5,400	20.5	18.6	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,740	3,800	3,940	16.3	16.3	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,285	3,225	3,055	13.2	13.8	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,160	2,285	1,875	8.7	9.8	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,850	1,675	1,170	6.0	7.2	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,910	1,100	810	4.0	4.7	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	785	705	3.1	3.4	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	965	560	405	2.0	2.4	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,695	1,195	495	3.6	5.1	2.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,300	890	410	2.7	3.8	1.7
$150,000 and over	390	305	85	0.8	1.3	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	49,055	24,070	24,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,510	725	780	3.1	3.0	3.1
With after-tax income	47,545	23,350	24,200	96.9	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,835	1,525	2,310	8.1	6.5	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,355	3,050	4,300	15.5	13.1	17.8
$20,000 to $29,999	11,380	5,165	6,210	23.9	22.1	25.7
$30,000 to $39,999	9,020	4,570	4,450	19.0	19.6	18.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,395	3,540	2,855	13.5	15.2	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,995	2,230	1,765	8.4	9.6	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,340	1,255	1,085	4.9	5.4	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,480	825	660	3.1	3.5	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	695	440	255	1.5	1.9	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	385	265	120	0.8	1.1	0.5
$100,000 and over	670	495	175	1.4	2.1	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	370	255	120	0.8	1.1	0.5
$125,000 and over	300	235	60	0.6	1.0	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	49,055	24,070	24,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	18,970	8,480	10,490	38.7	35.2	42.0
With employment income	30,085	15,590	14,490	61.3	64.8	58.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,830	1,860	1,965	12.7	11.9	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,855	1,305	1,550	9.5	8.4	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,135	2,685	2,450	17.1	17.2	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	3,955	2,040	1,920	13.1	13.1	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,470	1,560	1,915	11.5	10.0	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,745	1,455	1,285	9.1	9.3	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,270	1,285	985	7.5	8.2	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,750	995	755	5.8	6.4	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	665	560	4.1	4.3	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	530	550	3.6	3.4	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	670	395	280	2.2	2.5	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,105	825	275	3.7	5.3	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	630	435	195	2.1	2.8	1.3
$125,000 and over	470	390	80	1.6	2.5	0.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	49,055	24,075	24,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,710	22,905	23,805	95.2	95.1	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,800	27,400	31,800	36,800	27,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,740	22,905	23,840	95.3	95.1	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	33,200	25,800	29,200	33,200	25,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,965	19,315	18,650	77.4	80.2	74.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	30,200	23,800	26,800	30,200	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,540	15,860	14,675	62.3	65.9	58.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	30,800	26,000	28,200	30,800	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,405	18,165	20,240	78.3	75.5	81.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,900	13,600	10,600	11,900	13,600	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,615	7,380	5,240	25.7	30.7	21.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	11,400	7,100	9,300	11,400	7,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	49,110	24,115	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,825	22,995	23,830	95.3	95.4	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	43,560	33,160	38,240	43,560	33,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,850	22,995	23,855	95.4	95.4	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,040	29,480	33,200	37,040	29,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,920	19,265	18,655	77.2	79.9	74.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,000	39,800	30,080	35,000	39,800	30,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,595	15,875	14,725	62.3	65.8	58.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,800	31,920	36,000	39,800	31,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,485	18,240	20,245	78.4	75.6	81.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,040	12,880	11,290	12,040	12,880	11,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,570	7,410	5,155	25.6	30.7	20.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,430	11,480	8,920	10,430	11,480	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	49,110	24,115	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,795	5,795	6,000	24.0	24.0	24.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	54,000	45,600	50,000	54,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,750	58,700	49,000	53,750	58,700	49,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,345	7,055	6,290	27.2	29.3	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	22,400	17,200	19,800	22,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,480	32,520	21,780	27,480	32,520	21,780
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	74.2	76.6	71.0	74.2	76.6	71.0
Employment income (%)	61.5	63.1	59.5	61.5	63.1	59.5
Government transfers (%)	25.9	23.4	29.0	25.9	23.4	29.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	7.3	8.5	5.8	7.3	8.5	5.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	25,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...	29,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	25,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,100	...	...	75,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,360	...	...	38,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,760	...	...	33,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	25,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,055	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,110	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,515	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,545	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,360	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,135	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,225	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,145	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,910	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,585	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,330	...	...	24.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,500	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,555	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,525	...	...	6.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	755	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	25,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	440	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,155	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,350	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,740	...	...	6.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,675	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,430	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,310	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,725	...	...	10.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,405	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,010	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,575	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,340	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,485	...	...	17.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,205	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,130	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,145	...	...	4.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,535	4,645	4,890	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	33,200	29,000	30,800	33,200	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,600	30,200	27,600	28,600	30,200	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,900	...	...	68,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...	123,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	64,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,950	...	...	59,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,605	4,790	4,810	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,680	40,760	34,600	37,680	40,760	34,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,240	31,200	33,200	35,240	31,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	56,390	27,855	28,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,010	4,660	4,350	16.0	16.7	15.2
0 to 5 years	2,530	1,310	1,220	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	32,730	16,205	16,525	58.0	58.2	57.9
65 years and over	14,650	6,995	7,665	26.0	25.1	26.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,020	4,640	5,385	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,755	940	815	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	565	290	275	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,235	1,995	2,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,030	1,705	2,325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.8	16.7	18.9	17.8	16.7	18.9
0 to 17 years (%)	19.5	20.2	18.8	19.5	20.2	18.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.3	22.2	22.4	22.3	22.2	22.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.9	12.3	13.6	12.9	12.3	13.6
65 years and over (%)	27.5	24.4	30.4	27.5	24.4	30.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	52,090	25,710	26,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,810	4,020	3,785	15.0	15.6	14.3
0 to 5 years	2,170	1,115	1,060	4.2	4.3	4.0
18 to 64 years	29,990	14,845	15,150	57.6	57.7	57.4
65 years and over	14,290	6,845	7,445	27.4	26.6	28.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,555	790	760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	200	110	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,185	615	570	...	...	...
65 years and over	165	70	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.4	1.9	2.1	2.4	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.1	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	56,390	27,855	28,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	37,035	17,995	19,035	65.7	64.6	66.7
In bottom decile	8,225	3,805	4,415	14.6	13.7	15.5
In second decile	8,590	4,095	4,490	15.2	14.7	15.7
In third decile	7,505	3,675	3,825	13.3	13.2	13.4
In fourth decile	6,700	3,375	3,325	11.9	12.1	11.7
In fifth decile	6,020	3,045	2,980	10.7	10.9	10.4
In top half of the distribution	19,360	9,855	9,500	34.3	35.4	33.3
In sixth decile	5,560	2,830	2,730	9.9	10.2	9.6
In seventh decile	4,775	2,375	2,400	8.5	8.5	8.4
In eighth decile	4,180	2,130	2,050	7.4	7.6	7.2
In ninth decile	3,085	1,585	1,500	5.5	5.7	5.3
In top decile	1,760	945	820	3.1	3.4	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	56,395	...	...	56,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.299	...	...	0.299	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.478	...	...	0.478	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	56,745	28,030	28,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	39,380	19,725	19,655	69.4	70.4	68.4
French only	2,775	1,370	1,405	4.9	4.9	4.9
English and French	14,535	6,905	7,630	25.6	24.6	26.6
Neither English nor French	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	56,745	28,030	28,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,785	21,500	22,290	77.2	76.7	77.6
French	12,710	6,395	6,310	22.4	22.8	22.0
English and French	200	110	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	56,745	28,030	28,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,275	27,315	27,960	97.4	97.4	97.4
Official languages	53,170	26,295	26,870	93.7	93.8	93.6
English	40,470	19,905	20,560	71.3	71.0	71.6
French	12,700	6,385	6,310	22.4	22.8	22.0
Non-official languages	2,105	1,015	1,090	3.7	3.6	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,235	580	655	2.2	2.1	2.3
Algonquian languages	1,220	575	650	2.1	2.1	2.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,215	565	650	2.1	2.0	2.3
Mi'kmaq	1,210	565	645	2.1	2.0	2.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	875	440	430	1.5	1.6	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	65	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	510	260	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	85	45	45	0.1	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,475	720	760	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	795	370	420	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	575	300	275	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	56,745	28,030	28,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,870	20,645	21,225	73.8	73.7	73.9
French	9,970	5,070	4,900	17.6	18.1	17.1
Non-official language	425	200	230	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	230	105	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	200	95	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	2,395	1,090	1,310	4.2	3.9	4.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,980	970	1,005	3.5	3.5	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	56,745	28,030	28,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,520	27,445	28,075	97.8	97.9	97.8
Official languages	54,705	27,060	27,645	96.4	96.5	96.3
English	43,930	21,605	22,330	77.4	77.1	77.8
French	10,775	5,460	5,320	19.0	19.5	18.5
Non-official languages	815	385	425	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	410	190	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	410	185	220	0.7	0.7	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	410	185	220	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mi'kmaq	410	185	220	0.7	0.7	0.8
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	400	195	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	245	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,230	585	645	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and French	505	235	270	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	695	340	360	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	56,750	28,030	28,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,460	26,480	26,980	94.2	94.5	93.9
English	1,140	545	595	2.0	1.9	2.1
French	1,125	490	635	2.0	1.7	2.2
Non-official language	910	460	450	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	630	315	315	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-Indigenous	280	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	56,345	27,860	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	56,305	27,840	28,465	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	53,465	26,420	27,055	94.9	94.8	95.0
French	17,240	8,325	8,910	30.6	29.9	31.3
Non-official languages	3,375	1,580	1,795	6.0	5.7	6.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,145	1,035	1,115	3.8	3.7	3.9
Algonquian languages	2,095	1,005	1,085	3.7	3.6	3.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,080	995	1,085	3.7	3.6	3.8
Mi'kmaq	2,080	995	1,085	3.7	3.6	3.8
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,235	550	685	2.2	2.0	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	95	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	725	315	410	1.3	1.1	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	210	85	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	125	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	315	150	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	56,350	27,865	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,395	3,170	3,225	11.3	11.4	11.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,240	3,085	3,155	11.1	11.1	11.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,200	2,540	2,655	9.2	9.1	9.3
Métis	955	510	455	1.7	1.8	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	85	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	49,955	24,695	25,260	88.7	88.6	88.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	56,350	27,865	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,735	2,335	2,395	8.4	8.4	8.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	51,615	25,525	26,090	91.6	91.6	91.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,740	...	...	77.0	...	...
Renter	4,500	...	...	17.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,395	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	455	...	...	1.8	...	...
Not condominium	25,180	...	...	98.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,135	...	...	8.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,120	...	...	27.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,050	...	...	43.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,265	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,265	...	...	20.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,320	...	...	20.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,320	...	...	20.8	...	...
7 rooms	3,620	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,105	...	...	23.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,500	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	24,875	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	765	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,435	...	...	25.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,040	...	...	31.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,295	...	...	16.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,220	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,090	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	990	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	720	...	...	2.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	835	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,765	...	...	88.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,875	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,845	...	...	57.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,185	...	...	39.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	610	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	470	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,290	...	...	8.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,960	...	...	11.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,320	...	...	16.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,710	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,675	...	...	22.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,130	...	...	12.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,075	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,550	...	...	90.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,315	...	...	9.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,115	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	25,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,515	...	...	21.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,030	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not suitable only	590	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,465	...	...	9.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,125	...	...	78.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,355	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not in core need	22,305	...	...	94.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,555	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	43.8	...	...	43.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	536	...	...	536	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	706	...	...	706	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	153,800	...	...	153,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,370	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	726	...	...	726	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	118	...	...	118	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	56,350	27,860	28,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,300	2,110	2,190	7.6	7.6	7.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,260	2,085	2,175	7.6	7.5	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,030	1,970	2,065	7.2	7.1	7.2
Métis single ancestry	190	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,650	1,280	1,375	4.7	4.6	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,615	1,265	1,345	4.6	4.5	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,065	995	1,070	3.7	3.6	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	505	250	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	49,395	24,470	24,925	87.7	87.8	87.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	56,350	27,860	28,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,675	27,545	28,125	98.8	98.9	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,805	4,565	4,240	15.6	16.4	14.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,865	22,985	23,880	83.2	82.5	83.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	675	320	360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	56,350	27,860	28,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	54,800	27,150	27,645	97.2	97.5	97.0
Immigrants⁸¹	1,395	645	750	2.5	2.3	2.6
Before 1980	490	225	260	0.9	0.8	0.9
1980 to 1990	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	145	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	250	115	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	395	195	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
2011 to 2015	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
2016 to 2021	345	175	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,395	645	745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	190	100	90	13.6	15.5	12.1
5 to 14 years	330	155	180	23.7	24.0	24.2
15 to 24 years	220	95	120	15.8	14.7	16.1
25 to 44 years	505	235	275	36.2	36.4	36.9
45 years and over	145	65	80	10.4	10.1	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,395	645	745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	385	170	210	27.6	26.4	28.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.3
Jamaica	25	10	10	1.8	1.6	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
United States of America	275	120	160	19.7	18.6	21.5
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	25	3.2	3.9	3.4
Europe	530	245	290	38.0	38.0	38.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	15	30	2.9	2.3	4.0
Germany	95	35	65	6.8	5.4	8.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	10	25	2.5	1.6	3.4
Poland	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	0	1.4	2.3	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	220	105	115	15.8	16.3	15.4
Other places of birth in Europe	50	35	20	3.6	5.4	2.7
Africa	90	50	40	6.5	7.8	5.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	1.4	1.6	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	2.2	3.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	20	2.5	3.1	2.7
Asia	375	175	200	26.9	27.1	26.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.5	3.9	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	1.4	1.6	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	195	75	115	14.0	11.6	15.4
Viet Nam	20	10	10	1.4	1.6	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	20	2.5	3.1	2.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	35	20	15	2.5	3.1	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	340	175	165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	25	25	14.7	14.3	15.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	4.4	5.7	6.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	0	10	4.4	0.0	6.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	5.9	5.7	6.1
Europe	35	20	10	10.3	11.4	6.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	2.9	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	20	30	14.7	11.4	18.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	0	0	5.9	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	5.9	5.7	6.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	210	110	100	61.8	62.9	60.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	145	70	75	42.6	40.0	45.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	25	10	8.8	14.3	6.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	56,350	27,865	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,875	850	1,025	3.3	3.1	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,205	1,040	1,160	3.9	3.7	4.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,270	25,965	26,300	92.8	93.2	92.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	900	420	480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	490	240	255	54.4	57.1	53.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	210	115	95	23.3	27.4	19.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	280	120	160	31.1	28.6	33.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	350	145	200	38.9	34.5	41.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	35	30	7.2	8.3	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	900	420	480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	195	85	110	21.7	20.2	22.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	30	15	5.0	7.1	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	20	40	6.7	4.8	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	585	270	320	65.0	64.3	66.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	56,350	27,865	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	980	480	500	1.7	1.7	1.8
South Asian	195	100	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	250	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	270	125	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	55,370	27,375	27,985	98.3	98.2	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	56,345	27,860	28,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,680	5,775	5,905	20.7	20.7	20.7
English	8,935	4,440	4,495	15.9	15.9	15.8
Irish	14,885	6,965	7,920	26.4	25.0	27.8
Scottish	12,500	6,070	6,425	22.2	21.8	22.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,470	4,555	4,915	16.8	16.3	17.3
German	1,665	885	775	3.0	3.2	2.7
Chinese	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italian	405	200	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	205	140	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Dutch	670	315	360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Polish	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Québécois	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	775	440	335	1.4	1.6	1.2
Filipino	265	125	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	790	390	395	1.4	1.4	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,775	1,410	1,365	4.9	5.1	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,500	755	745	2.7	2.7	2.6
Métis	760	385	375	1.3	1.4	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	440	200	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	300	135	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	520	225	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portuguese	315	155	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	280	150	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	180	60	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Swedish	185	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	7,260	3,560	3,700	12.9	12.8	13.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	90	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	725	355	375	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	3,695	1,800	1,895	6.6	6.5	6.7
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	1,695	875	820	3.0	3.1	2.9
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	56,350	27,865	28,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	44,335	21,405	22,930	78.7	76.8	80.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,880	900	980	3.3	3.2	3.4
Anabaptist	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anglican	2,775	1,375	1,400	4.9	4.9	4.9
Baptist	2,755	1,360	1,390	4.9	4.9	4.9
Catholic	29,050	14,210	14,835	51.6	51.0	52.1
Christian Orthodox	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,055	940	1,115	3.6	3.4	3.9
Presbyterian	815	360	455	1.4	1.3	1.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,925	1,800	2,125	7.0	6.5	7.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	765	325	440	1.4	1.2	1.5
Hindu	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	470	240	230	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	215	70	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	11,090	6,035	5,060	19.7	21.7	17.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	55,960	27,645	28,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,815	25,675	26,150	92.6	92.9	92.3
Movers	4,140	1,970	2,170	7.4	7.1	7.7
Non-migrants	2,140	1,020	1,120	3.8	3.7	4.0
Migrants	2,005	955	1,050	3.6	3.5	3.7
Internal migrants	1,950	935	1,015	3.5	3.4	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,080	490	590	1.9	1.8	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	870	445	420	1.6	1.6	1.5
External migrants	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	54,345	26,825	27,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,290	20,075	20,215	74.1	74.8	73.5
Movers	14,050	6,750	7,305	25.9	25.2	26.5
Non-migrants	5,195	2,440	2,755	9.6	9.1	10.0
Migrants	8,860	4,310	4,550	16.3	16.1	16.5
Internal migrants	8,420	4,105	4,320	15.5	15.3	15.7
Intraprovincial migrants	5,785	2,735	3,050	10.6	10.2	11.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,635	1,365	1,270	4.8	5.1	4.6
External migrants	440	205	235	0.8	0.8	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,110	24,115	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,030	7,950	6,080	28.6	33.0	24.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,080	16,160	18,920	71.4	67.0	75.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,815	14,215	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,435	3,395	2,035	18.9	23.9	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,385	10,820	12,565	81.2	76.1	86.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,110	24,115	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,875	7,055	5,820	26.2	29.3	23.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,355	7,385	7,960	31.3	30.6	31.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,885	9,670	11,210	42.5	40.1	44.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,705	7,830	7,880	32.0	32.5	31.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,060	3,075	990	8.3	12.8	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,985	1,320	660	4.0	5.5	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,075	1,750	330	4.2	7.3	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,875	4,430	6,440	22.1	18.4	25.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	770	325	445	1.6	1.3	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,180	1,845	3,335	10.5	7.7	13.3
Bachelor's degree	3,685	1,225	2,455	7.5	5.1	9.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	395	145	250	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	955	385	570	1.9	1.6	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,815	14,210	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,995	3,070	1,930	17.3	21.6	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,195	4,760	4,435	31.9	33.5	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,620	6,385	8,235	50.7	44.9	56.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,875	5,205	5,670	37.7	36.6	38.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,495	1,805	685	8.7	12.7	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,325	840	485	4.6	5.9	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,170	970	195	4.1	6.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,930	3,190	4,740	27.5	22.4	32.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	450	210	245	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,745	1,185	2,565	13.0	8.3	17.6
Bachelor's degree	2,710	815	1,900	9.4	5.7	13.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	95	180	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	645	215	435	2.2	1.5	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,110	24,110	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,225	14,440	13,785	57.5	59.9	55.2
Education	1,965	560	1,405	4.0	2.3	5.6
13. Education	1,965	560	1,405	4.0	2.3	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345	155	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	260	105	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Humanities	615	235	375	1.3	1.0	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	60	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,550	360	1,200	3.2	1.5	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	25	585	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	155	30	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	275	65	210	0.6	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	330	180	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	4,000	795	3,200	8.1	3.3	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	100	535	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,360	690	2,665	6.8	2.9	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	205	210	0.9	0.9	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	215	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	360	190	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,125	4,860	265	10.4	20.2	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	255	220	40	0.5	0.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	930	830	100	1.9	3.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,595	1,540	55	3.2	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,355	1,335	20	2.8	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	955	910	40	1.9	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	565	400	165	1.2	1.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185	65	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	335	50	0.8	1.4	0.2
Health and related fields	3,380	475	2,905	6.9	2.0	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,210	370	2,840	6.5	1.5	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,500	1,405	1,095	5.1	5.8	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095	225	875	2.2	0.9	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	730	530	195	1.5	2.2	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	655	630	25	1.3	2.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,810	14,215	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,190	7,825	6,360	49.3	55.0	43.6
Education	1,105	270	835	3.8	1.9	5.7
13. Education	1,105	270	835	3.8	1.9	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	130	150	1.0	0.9	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	220	90	130	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	420	145	270	1.5	1.0	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	40	110	0.5	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,205	250	965	4.2	1.8	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	35	65	0.4	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470	25	440	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	130	25	110	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	225	45	180	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	225	105	120	0.8	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	2,975	560	2,415	10.3	3.9	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	70	435	1.8	0.5	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,470	480	1,980	8.6	3.4	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	245	115	130	0.9	0.8	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	320	185	130	1.1	1.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295	175	120	1.0	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,210	2,980	230	11.1	21.0	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	185	155	35	0.6	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	595	500	100	2.1	3.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	995	950	50	3.5	6.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	815	800	15	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	590	560	30	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	420	285	135	1.5	2.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	40	95	0.5	0.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	245	40	1.0	1.7	0.3
Health and related fields	2,540	375	2,170	8.8	2.6	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,425	305	2,120	8.4	2.1	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,905	1,090	810	6.6	7.7	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	745	125	625	2.6	0.9	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	435	165	2.1	3.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	530	15	1.9	3.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	28,810	14,215	14,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,190	7,825	6,360	49.3	55.0	43.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,625	6,385	8,235	50.8	44.9	56.4
Location of study inside Canada	14,125	6,165	7,960	49.0	43.4	54.5
Same as province or territory of residence	11,570	4,990	6,580	40.2	35.1	45.1
Different than province or territory of residence	2,550	1,165	1,385	8.9	8.2	9.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	500	220	275	1.7	1.5	1.9
Americas	180	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	145	70	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	115	70	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	165	55	115	0.6	0.4	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	115	40	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	49,110	24,115	24,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	26,050	13,375	12,675	...	...	...
Employed	21,810	10,570	11,240	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,240	2,805	1,435	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,060	10,740	12,320	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.0	55.5	50.7	53.0	55.5	50.7
Employment rate	44.4	43.8	45.0	44.4	43.8	45.0
Unemployment rate	16.3	21.0	11.3	16.3	21.0	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	49,110	24,110	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	22,280	10,375	11,900	45.4	43.0	47.6
Worked	26,830	13,740	13,090	54.6	57.0	52.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,100	5,940	6,160	24.6	24.6	24.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,735	7,800	6,930	30.0	32.4	27.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.5	36.3	38.8	37.5	36.3	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	26,045	13,370	12,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	825	525	300	3.2	3.9	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	25,220	12,845	12,375	96.8	96.1	97.6
Employee	23,010	11,475	11,540	88.3	85.8	91.0
Permanent position	15,715	7,430	8,285	60.3	55.6	65.3
Temporary position	7,300	4,040	3,255	28.0	30.2	25.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,230	505	730	4.7	3.8	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,065	3,540	2,525	23.3	26.5	19.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,205	1,370	830	8.5	10.2	6.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	26,045	13,370	12,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	825	525	300	3.2	3.9	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	25,220	12,845	12,375	96.8	96.1	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	180	105	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,440	750	2,685	13.2	5.6	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	795	650	140	3.1	4.9	1.1
3 Health occupations	2,290	310	1,980	8.8	2.3	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,470	990	2,485	13.3	7.4	19.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	315	120	195	1.2	0.9	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	6,020	2,335	3,690	23.1	17.5	29.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,295	4,860	435	20.3	36.4	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,680	1,455	225	6.5	10.9	1.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,730	1,270	460	6.6	9.5	3.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	26,045	13,370	12,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	825	525	300	3.2	3.9	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	25,220	12,845	12,375	96.8	96.1	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,830	1,515	315	7.0	11.3	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	560	525	40	2.2	3.9	0.3
22 Utilities	145	135	10	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	2,185	1,980	210	8.4	14.8	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,405	1,765	635	9.2	13.2	5.0
41 Wholesale trade	365	295	70	1.4	2.2	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	2,865	1,230	1,640	11.0	9.2	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	980	750	235	3.8	5.6	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	200	115	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	315	70	240	1.2	0.5	1.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	685	320	365	2.6	2.4	2.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	875	540	335	3.4	4.0	2.6
61 Educational services	1,940	465	1,475	7.4	3.5	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	3,900	560	3,335	15.0	4.2	26.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365	205	160	1.4	1.5	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	1,405	460	945	5.4	3.4	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,050	575	475	4.0	4.3	3.7
91 Public administration	3,010	1,265	1,745	11.6	9.5	13.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	29,040	14,890	14,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,380	11,135	10,255	73.6	74.8	72.5
French	3,665	2,020	1,645	12.6	13.6	11.6
Non-official language	45	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,465	1,480	1,980	11.9	9.9	14.0
English and non-official language(s)	450	220	235	1.5	1.5	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	29,040	14,890	14,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	28,160	14,500	13,665	97.0	97.4	96.6
Official languages	28,025	14,415	13,605	96.5	96.8	96.1
English	23,335	11,970	11,365	80.4	80.4	80.3
French	4,690	2,445	2,245	16.2	16.4	15.9
Non-official languages	135	80	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Algonquian languages	120	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	115	70	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mi'kmaq	115	70	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	880	395	485	3.0	2.7	3.4
English and French	705	315	395	2.4	2.1	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	170	80	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	29,040	14,890	14,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	25,960	13,560	12,400	89.4	91.1	87.6
English	1,115	480	635	3.8	3.2	4.5
French	1,740	755	990	6.0	5.1	7.0
Non-official language	200	95	105	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	180	80	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,810	10,565	11,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,525	965	1,560	11.6	9.1	13.9
Worked outside Canada	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,785	2,770	1,015	17.4	26.2	9.0
Usual place of work	15,460	6,810	8,650	70.9	64.5	77.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,460	6,810	8,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,530	3,110	4,420	48.7	45.7	51.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,275	2,215	3,055	34.1	32.5	35.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,395	1,300	1,100	15.5	19.1	12.7
Commute to a different province or territory	260	185	80	1.7	2.7	0.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,245	9,580	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,120	9,000	9,115	94.2	93.9	94.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,485	8,245	8,240	85.7	86.1	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,630	755	875	8.5	7.9	9.0
Public transit	130	75	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Walked	610	265	345	3.2	2.8	3.6
Bicycle	40	35	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Other method	345	210	140	1.8	2.2	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,245	9,580	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,480	3,735	4,745	44.1	39.0	49.1
15 to 29 minutes	5,435	2,615	2,820	28.2	27.3	29.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,405	1,345	1,060	12.5	14.0	11.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,510	820	685	7.8	8.6	7.1
60 minutes and over	1,420	1,060	355	7.4	11.1	3.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,245	9,580	9,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,560	1,205	355	8.1	12.6	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,760	2,165	1,600	19.5	22.6	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,635	2,580	3,055	29.3	26.9	31.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,895	1,350	2,545	20.2	14.1	26.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,470	445	1,025	7.6	4.6	10.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,930	1,835	1,090	15.2	19.2	11.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,225	4,775	4,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,455	1,245	1,215	26.6	26.1	27.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,775	3,530	3,235	73.4	73.9	72.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,015	3,630	3,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,870	940	930	26.7	25.9	27.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,385	690	695	19.7	19.0	20.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	250	240	6.9	6.9	7.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,145	2,690	2,460	73.3	74.1	72.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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