Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Metro Vancouver A, Regional district electoral area (RDA)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,612	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,133	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,201	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,682	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22.8	...	...	22.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	815.21	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,610	8,795	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,730	1,410	1,315	14.7	16.0	13.4
0 to 4 years	820	430	390	4.4	4.9	4.0
5 to 9 years	940	475	460	5.1	5.4	4.7
10 to 14 years	970	505	465	5.2	5.7	4.7
15 to 64 years	13,735	6,370	7,370	73.8	72.4	75.1
15 to 19 years	1,695	810	885	9.1	9.2	9.0
20 to 24 years	2,930	1,390	1,545	15.7	15.8	15.7
25 to 29 years	1,540	770	765	8.3	8.8	7.8
30 to 34 years	1,310	645	665	7.0	7.3	6.8
35 to 39 years	1,240	595	645	6.7	6.8	6.6
40 to 44 years	1,080	465	615	5.8	5.3	6.3
45 to 49 years	1,100	440	655	5.9	5.0	6.7
50 to 54 years	1,210	500	710	6.5	5.7	7.2
55 to 59 years	1,040	495	550	5.6	5.6	5.6
60 to 64 years	590	265	330	3.2	3.0	3.4
65 years and over	2,145	1,015	1,130	11.5	11.5	11.5
65 to 69 years	510	265	245	2.7	3.0	2.5
70 to 74 years	505	250	255	2.7	2.8	2.6
75 to 79 years	335	165	170	1.8	1.9	1.7
80 to 84 years	315	140	175	1.7	1.6	1.8
85 years and over	485	195	285	2.6	2.2	2.9
85 to 89 years	240	105	135	1.3	1.2	1.4
90 to 94 years	145	60	90	0.8	0.7	0.9
95 to 99 years	90	30	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	16.0	13.4	14.7	16.0	13.4
15 to 64 years	73.8	72.4	75.1	73.8	72.4	75.1
65 years and over	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5
85 years and over	2.6	2.2	2.9	2.6	2.2	2.9
Average age of the population	36.2	35.3	37.0	36.2	35.3	37.0
Median age of the population	31.4	30.2	32.8	31.4	30.2	32.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	495	...	...	6.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
Row house	570	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,495	...	...	32.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,990	...	...	52.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,520	...	...	32.8	...	...
2 persons	2,550	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	1,430	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	855	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	325	...	...	4.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,085	7,975	9,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,880	7,380	8,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,005	3,810	4,195	50.4	51.6	49.4
Married	7,020	3,320	3,700	44.2	45.0	43.5
Living common-law	985	485	495	6.2	6.6	5.8
Living common law - Never married	850	420	435	5.4	5.7	5.1
Living common law - Separated	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	7,880	3,575	4,305	49.6	48.4	50.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,435	3,180	3,255	40.5	43.1	38.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	345	105	245	2.2	1.4	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	645	190	460	4.1	2.6	5.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	450	105	350	2.8	1.4	4.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,150	...	...	47.8	...	...
3 persons	1,290	...	...	28.7	...	...
4 persons	850	...	...	18.9	...	...
5 or more persons	210	...	...	4.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	3,555	...	...	79.0	...	...
Married couples	3,060	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,935	...	...	43.0	...	...
Without children	1,130	...	...	25.1	...	...
Common-law couples	490	...	...	10.9	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	2.1	...	...
Without children	395	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	945	...	...	21.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	840	...	...	18.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	105	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,090	7,975	9,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	12,675	5,990	6,685	74.2	75.1	73.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,115	3,555	3,560	41.6	44.6	39.1
Parents in one-parent families	940	105	840	5.5	1.3	9.2
Children⁶	4,615	2,335	2,280	27.0	29.3	25.0
In a two-parent family	3,300	1,675	1,625	19.3	21.0	17.8
In a one-parent family	1,320	660	660	7.7	8.3	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,410	1,985	2,425	25.8	24.9	26.6
Living alone	2,525	1,130	1,395	14.8	14.2	15.3
Living with other relatives⁷	420	180	240	2.5	2.3	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,470	675	800	8.6	8.5	8.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,165	...	...	54.2	...	...
Couple-family households	3,315	...	...	43.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,910	...	...	24.9	...	...
Without children	1,405	...	...	18.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	850	...	...	11.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	135	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	735	...	...	9.6	...	...
One-person households	2,525	...	...	32.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,415	6,595	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,585	6,205	7,380	94.2	94.1	94.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,800	28,600	31,600	36,800	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,590	6,210	7,380	94.3	94.2	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,400	27,000	29,600	34,400	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,910	5,470	6,440	82.6	82.9	82.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,400	26,000	31,200	38,400	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,640	4,170	4,475	59.9	63.2	57.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,800	36,400	23,400	28,800	36,400	23,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,010	4,700	6,310	76.4	71.3	80.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,440	2,500	4,160	3,440	2,500	4,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	520	195	320	3.6	3.0	4.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,480	6,000	5,760	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,645	1,655	1,990	25.3	25.1	25.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,350	6,605	7,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,510	6,180	7,330	94.1	93.6	94.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,350	69,300	47,320	57,350	69,300	47,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,520	6,190	7,330	94.2	93.7	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	53,400	38,960	45,560	53,400	38,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,805	5,430	6,375	82.3	82.2	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,400	73,400	47,560	59,400	73,400	47,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,640	4,140	4,500	60.2	62.7	58.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	65,700	43,240	54,000	65,700	43,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,035	4,735	6,295	76.9	71.7	81.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,670	6,360	6,900	6,670	6,360	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	575	215	360	4.0	3.3	4.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,600	6,680	6,280	5,600	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,470	1,635	1,835	24.2	24.8	23.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,450	8,510	8,400	8,450	8,510	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,350	6,610	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,520	1,925	1,595	24.5	29.1	20.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	80,000	66,500	75,000	80,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,500	111,700	78,000	96,500	111,700	78,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,720	1,535	2,185	25.9	23.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,700	13,000	11,100	11,700	13,000	11,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,580	27,200	22,760	24,580	27,200	22,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.6	93.0	87.4	90.6	93.0	87.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	63.4	56.2	60.2	63.4	56.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.5	7.0	12.5	9.5	7.0	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.5	4.5	3.8	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.3	4.5	3.8	3.3	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,415	6,590	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	830	385	445	5.8	5.8	5.7
With total income	13,590	6,210	7,380	94.3	94.2	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,275	1,390	1,885	24.1	22.4	25.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,720	745	980	12.7	12.0	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	1,595	650	945	11.7	10.5	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,160	500	660	8.5	8.1	8.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,010	430	575	7.4	6.9	7.8
$50,000 to $59,999	815	350	460	6.0	5.6	6.2
$60,000 to $69,999	635	285	355	4.7	4.6	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	540	265	275	4.0	4.3	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	415	225	190	3.1	3.6	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	330	165	170	2.4	2.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,205	885	15.4	19.4	12.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,085	575	505	8.0	9.3	6.8
$150,000 and over	1,010	630	380	7.4	10.1	5.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,415	6,590	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	825	385	445	5.7	5.8	5.7
With after-tax income	13,590	6,210	7,380	94.3	94.2	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,365	1,425	1,940	24.8	22.9	26.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,765	760	1,005	13.0	12.2	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	1,700	680	1,020	12.5	11.0	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,295	560	735	9.5	9.0	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,125	505	625	8.3	8.1	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	890	385	500	6.5	6.2	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	705	350	355	5.2	5.6	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	520	265	250	3.8	4.3	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	435	225	210	3.2	3.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	350	180	170	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	1,450	870	575	10.7	14.0	7.8
$100,000 to $124,999	580	320	260	4.3	5.2	3.5
$125,000 and over	865	555	315	6.4	8.9	4.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,415	6,590	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,775	2,425	3,350	40.1	36.8	42.8
With employment income	8,645	4,165	4,475	60.0	63.2	57.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,695	720	970	19.6	17.3	21.7
$5,000 to $9,999	910	385	525	10.5	9.2	11.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,110	520	595	12.8	12.5	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	685	310	375	7.9	7.4	8.4
$30,000 to $39,999	525	225	300	6.1	5.4	6.7
$40,000 to $49,999	560	235	320	6.5	5.6	7.2
$50,000 to $59,999	465	205	260	5.4	4.9	5.8
$60,000 to $69,999	380	195	185	4.4	4.7	4.1
$70,000 to $79,999	325	170	155	3.8	4.1	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	265	150	115	3.1	3.6	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	245	130	115	2.8	3.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,480	925	560	17.1	22.2	12.5
$100,000 to $124,999	470	250	220	5.4	6.0	4.9
$125,000 and over	1,015	670	340	11.7	16.1	7.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,415	6,595	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,375	5,635	6,740	85.8	85.4	86.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	35,200	25,600	29,600	35,200	25,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,415	5,645	6,765	86.1	85.6	86.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	32,800	24,000	27,800	32,800	24,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,425	5,235	6,185	79.3	79.4	79.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,800	25,400	30,400	36,800	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,430	4,075	4,355	58.5	61.8	55.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	32,400	21,600	26,200	32,400	21,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,440	3,415	5,015	58.6	51.8	64.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	650	572	870	650	572	870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	320	130	190	2.2	2.0	2.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,240	6,750	6,600	6,240	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,350	6,605	7,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,255	5,535	6,720	85.4	83.8	86.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,550	66,800	46,320	55,550	66,800	46,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,280	5,540	6,735	85.6	83.9	87.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	51,450	38,320	44,240	51,450	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,380	5,165	6,225	79.3	78.2	80.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,600	69,000	46,360	56,600	69,000	46,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,535	4,090	4,450	59.5	61.9	57.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	62,450	39,400	50,440	62,450	39,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,485	3,375	5,110	59.1	51.1	66.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,308	4,080	4,460	4,308	4,080	4,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	155	190	2.4	2.3	2.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,080	9,000	11,000	10,080	9,000	11,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,350	6,610	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,425	1,870	1,550	23.9	28.3	20.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	74,500	56,400	67,500	74,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,800	106,500	69,800	89,800	106,500	69,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,265	1,400	1,865	22.8	21.2	24.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,300	14,300	14,300	14,300	14,300	14,300
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	31,200	24,620	27,440	31,200	24,620
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.6	96.2	92.6	94.6	96.2	92.6
Employment income (%)	63.2	69.0	56.3	63.2	69.0	56.3
Government transfers (%)	5.4	3.7	7.3	5.4	3.7	7.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...	31,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,400	...	...	29,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,650	...	...	58,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,960	...	...	45,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,900	...	...	121,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	785	...	...	10.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	4.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	3.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	290	...	...	3.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	275	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	220	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	435	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	405	...	...	5.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	400	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	340	...	...	4.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	275	...	...	3.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,585	...	...	33.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	610	...	...	7.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	440	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	595	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	945	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	830	...	...	10.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	4.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...	3.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	290	...	...	3.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	345	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	270	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	530	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	455	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	415	...	...	5.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	370	...	...	4.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	345	...	...	4.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,160	...	...	28.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	605	...	...	7.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	460	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,090	...	...	14.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,995	1,800	2,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	21,600	21,200	22,200	21,600	21,200	22,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	21,400	21,000	21,600	21,400	21,000	21,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,600	...	...	166,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,100	...	...	121,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,400	...	...	119,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,990	1,815	2,175	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	42,960	43,880	43,480	42,960	43,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,120	34,320	35,800	35,120	34,320	35,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,085	7,970	9,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,240	1,670	1,575	19.0	21.0	17.3
0 to 5 years	990	520	470	5.8	6.5	5.2
18 to 64 years	12,020	5,445	6,575	70.4	68.3	72.2
65 years and over	1,820	860	965	10.7	10.8	10.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,125	2,270	2,850	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	905	465	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	225	125	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,010	1,730	2,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	205	85	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	30.0	28.5	31.3	30.0	28.5	31.3
0 to 17 years (%)	28.0	27.7	28.1	28.0	27.7	28.1
0 to 5 years (%)	23.0	23.6	22.0	23.0	23.6	22.0
18 to 64 years (%)	33.4	31.7	34.8	33.4	31.7	34.8
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.8	12.6	11.3	9.8	12.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,090	7,975	9,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,245	1,670	1,570	19.0	20.9	17.2
0 to 5 years	985	520	470	5.8	6.5	5.2
18 to 64 years	12,020	5,445	6,575	70.3	68.3	72.2
65 years and over	1,825	860	960	10.7	10.8	10.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,275	1,900	2,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	655	325	330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	85	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,480	1,520	1,960	...	...	...
65 years and over	140	50	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	25.0	23.8	26.1	25.0	23.8	26.1
0 to 17 years (%)	20.2	19.5	21.0	20.2	19.5	21.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.6	16.4	18.4	17.6	16.4	18.4
18 to 64 years (%)	29.0	27.9	29.8	29.0	27.9	29.8
65 years and over (%)	7.6	6.2	8.8	7.6	6.2	8.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,085	7,970	9,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,940	4,535	5,410	58.2	56.9	59.4
In bottom decile	5,025	2,240	2,785	29.4	28.1	30.6
In second decile	1,410	640	770	8.3	8.0	8.5
In third decile	1,310	655	655	7.7	8.2	7.2
In fourth decile	1,160	520	640	6.8	6.5	7.0
In fifth decile	1,035	480	555	6.1	6.0	6.1
In top half of the distribution	7,145	3,440	3,705	41.8	43.2	40.7
In sixth decile	1,055	500	550	6.2	6.3	6.0
In seventh decile	1,000	480	520	5.9	6.0	5.7
In eighth decile	1,025	480	545	6.0	6.0	6.0
In ninth decile	1,500	725	775	8.8	9.1	8.5
In top decile	2,560	1,255	1,310	15.0	15.7	14.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,090	...	...	17,090	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.520	...	...	0.520	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.576	...	...	0.576	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.472	...	...	0.472	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	18,290	8,635	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	15,575	7,495	8,080	85.2	86.8	83.7
French only	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,770	765	1,005	9.7	8.9	10.4
Neither English nor French	930	375	560	5.1	4.3	5.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	18,290	8,635	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,960	8,090	8,870	92.7	93.7	91.9
French	185	85	95	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	235	100	135	1.3	1.2	1.4
Neither English nor French	910	360	550	5.0	4.2	5.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	18,290	8,635	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,160	8,080	9,085	93.8	93.6	94.1
Official languages	7,325	3,660	3,665	40.0	42.4	38.0
English	7,065	3,515	3,550	38.6	40.7	36.8
French	255	145	115	1.4	1.7	1.2
Non-official languages	9,840	4,415	5,425	53.8	51.1	56.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,835	4,415	5,420	53.8	51.1	56.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	200	165	2.0	2.3	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	360	200	165	2.0	2.3	1.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	150	120	1.4	1.7	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	50	95	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tulu	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,390	1,215	1,180	13.1	14.1	12.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	385	180	205	2.1	2.1	2.1
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	385	180	195	2.1	2.1	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian	215	105	110	1.2	1.2	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	195	160	1.9	2.3	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	105	70	1.0	1.2	0.7
German	170	105	65	0.9	1.2	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	75	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	950	490	460	5.2	5.7	4.8
Indo-Aryan languages	440	245	200	2.4	2.8	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	110	60	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	510	245	265	2.8	2.8	2.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	500	240	260	2.7	2.8	2.7
Dari	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	465	230	240	2.5	2.7	2.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	670	330	340	3.7	3.8	3.5
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	115	50	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	455	230	225	2.5	2.7	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	90	150	1.3	1.0	1.6
Korean	830	350	485	4.5	4.1	5.0
Mongolian	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,430	2,315	3,115	29.7	26.8	32.3
Chinese languages	5,425	2,315	3,110	29.7	26.8	32.2
Hakka	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	4,595	1,960	2,635	25.1	22.7	27.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yue (Cantonese)	630	260	370	3.4	3.0	3.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	60	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,125	560	565	6.2	6.5	5.9
English and French	170	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	865	435	425	4.7	5.0	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	20	40	0.4	0.2	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	18,290	8,635	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,810	3,870	3,945	42.7	44.8	40.9
French	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	3,470	1,445	2,025	19.0	16.7	21.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,470	1,445	2,025	19.0	16.7	21.0
English and French	235	110	120	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,365	3,035	3,325	34.8	35.1	34.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	1.0	0.9	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	180	70	110	1.0	0.8	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	18,290	8,635	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,030	8,035	8,995	93.1	93.1	93.2
Official languages	10,505	5,180	5,325	57.4	60.0	55.2
English	10,420	5,135	5,280	57.0	59.5	54.7
French	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	6,520	2,855	3,665	35.6	33.1	38.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,520	2,855	3,665	35.6	33.1	38.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	220	125	95	1.2	1.4	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	120	90	1.2	1.4	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	85	65	0.8	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,230	580	645	6.7	6.7	6.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	165	75	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	75	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	560	250	305	3.1	2.9	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	165	75	95	0.9	0.9	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	390	180	210	2.1	2.1	2.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	390	180	210	2.1	2.1	2.2
Dari	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	365	170	200	2.0	2.0	2.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	420	210	215	2.3	2.4	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	300	150	150	1.6	1.7	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	150	70	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Korean	625	270	350	3.4	3.1	3.6
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,055	1,705	2,350	22.2	19.7	24.3
Chinese languages	4,055	1,705	2,350	22.2	19.7	24.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,590	1,520	2,075	19.6	17.6	21.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	400	160	245	2.2	1.9	2.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,265	600	660	6.9	6.9	6.8
English and French	115	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,110	530	575	6.1	6.1	6.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	18,285	8,635	9,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,410	5,855	6,555	67.9	67.8	67.9
English	2,700	1,260	1,445	14.8	14.6	15.0
French	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,440	1,170	1,265	13.3	13.5	13.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,435	1,170	1,265	13.3	13.5	13.1
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	195	95	100	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	290	135	155	1.6	1.6	1.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,080	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	16,155	7,705	8,450	94.6	95.9	93.4
English	16,145	7,695	8,450	94.5	95.8	93.4
French	1,675	745	930	9.8	9.3	10.3
Non-official languages	12,205	5,615	6,590	71.5	69.9	72.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,185	5,610	6,575	71.3	69.8	72.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	565	290	275	3.3	3.6	3.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	560	290	270	3.3	3.6	3.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	240	230	2.7	3.0	2.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	95	50	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	40	0.4	0.2	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	20	40	0.4	0.2	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	95	180	1.6	1.2	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	40	85	0.8	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	80	70	0.8	1.0	0.8
Kannada	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Malayalam	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,550	1,830	1,715	20.8	22.8	19.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	535	305	230	3.1	3.8	2.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	530	305	225	3.1	3.8	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	45	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Russian	370	200	160	2.2	2.5	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	45	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	315	215	3.1	3.9	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	430	255	175	2.5	3.2	1.9
German	425	255	170	2.5	3.2	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	40	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Danish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swedish	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	720	670	8.1	9.0	7.4
Indo-Aryan languages	775	415	355	4.5	5.2	3.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	430	205	225	2.5	2.6	2.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	70	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	160	110	50	0.9	1.4	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	615	305	310	3.6	3.8	3.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	590	300	295	3.5	3.7	3.3
Dari	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	565	285	280	3.3	3.5	3.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,310	625	690	7.7	7.8	7.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	200	80	110	1.2	1.0	1.2
Portuguese	215	75	140	1.3	0.9	1.5
Romanian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Spanish	1,015	500	520	5.9	6.2	5.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	450	210	235	2.6	2.6	2.6
Korean	1,045	460	580	6.1	5.7	6.4
Mongolian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,390	2,795	3,595	37.4	34.8	39.7
Chinese languages	6,365	2,770	3,595	37.3	34.5	39.7
Hakka	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mandarin	5,830	2,535	3,295	34.1	31.5	36.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	55	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Yue (Cantonese)	1,005	440	565	5.9	5.5	6.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	45	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	195	80	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Uyghur	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uzbek	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,080	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	240	135	105	1.4	1.7	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	230	130	100	1.3	1.6	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	185	100	85	1.1	1.2	0.9
Métis	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	16,845	7,905	8,940	98.6	98.4	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,080	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	160	95	70	0.9	1.2	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,925	7,945	8,975	99.1	98.9	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,275	...	...	42.7	...	...
Renter	4,395	...	...	57.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,970	...	...	64.8	...	...
Not condominium	2,700	...	...	35.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	2.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,885	...	...	24.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,640	...	...	47.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,400	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	555	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,415	...	...	70.6	...	...
5 rooms	1,175	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	490	...	...	6.4	...	...
7 rooms	210	...	...	2.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	380	...	...	5.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,260	...	...	94.7	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,790	...	...	88.5	...	...
Not suitable	880	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	365	...	...	4.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	455	...	...	5.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	270	...	...	3.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,130	...	...	14.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	825	...	...	10.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,555	...	...	20.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,290	...	...	16.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,780	...	...	23.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,510	...	...	97.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	160	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,520	...	...	58.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,885	...	...	37.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	265	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,490	...	...	19.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,345	...	...	17.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,335	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,400	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	940	...	...	12.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	550	...	...	7.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	360	...	...	4.7	...	...
85 years and over	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,400	...	...	45.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,155	...	...	55.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,180	...	...	28.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,670	...	...	60.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,665	...	...	47.8	...	...
Not suitable only	410	...	...	5.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	90	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	435	...	...	5.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,995	...	...	39.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,075	...	...	19.2	...	...
Not in core need	4,510	...	...	80.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,275	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.8	...	...	49.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.1	...	...	44.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,920	...	...	1,920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,476	...	...	2,476	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,786,000	...	...	1,786,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,390	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	63.2	...	...	63.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060	...	...	2,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,266	...	...	2,266	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,085	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125	80	40	0.7	1.0	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125	80	40	0.7	1.0	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	75	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	200	85	110	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	200	85	110	1.2	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	65	85	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,760	7,870	8,895	98.1	97.9	98.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,085	8,040	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,005	5,195	5,810	64.4	64.6	64.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,410	1,290	1,120	14.1	16.0	12.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,595	3,910	4,690	50.3	48.6	51.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,080	2,840	3,240	35.6	35.3	35.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,085	8,040	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	6,070	3,005	3,065	35.5	37.4	33.9
Immigrants⁸¹	7,860	3,505	4,355	46.0	43.6	48.1
Before 1980	515	270	245	3.0	3.4	2.7
1980 to 1990	355	185	165	2.1	2.3	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,175	555	625	6.9	6.9	6.9
2001 to 2010	2,595	1,065	1,535	15.2	13.2	17.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,215	1,425	1,790	18.8	17.7	19.8
2011 to 2015	1,475	620	855	8.6	7.7	9.5
2016 to 2021	1,740	805	935	10.2	10.0	10.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,155	1,530	1,620	18.5	19.0	17.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,860	3,500	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	735	390	350	9.4	11.1	8.0
5 to 14 years	1,500	700	800	19.1	20.0	18.4
15 to 24 years	885	420	465	11.3	12.0	10.7
25 to 44 years	3,925	1,635	2,290	49.9	46.7	52.6
45 years and over	815	355	455	10.4	10.1	10.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,860	3,500	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	640	305	335	8.1	8.7	7.7
Brazil	35	25	15	0.4	0.7	0.3
Colombia	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	425	210	215	5.4	6.0	4.9
Other places of birth in Americas	95	35	60	1.2	1.0	1.4
Europe	910	525	390	11.6	15.0	9.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
France	40	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
Germany	85	50	30	1.1	1.4	0.7
Greece	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Italy	35	30	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.3
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	145	70	80	1.8	2.0	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	60	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	180	110	3.8	5.1	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	135	65	65	1.7	1.9	1.5
Africa	125	75	50	1.6	2.1	1.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	50	20	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	30	10	0.4	0.9	0.2
Asia	6,110	2,570	3,545	77.7	73.4	81.4
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	375	185	185	4.8	5.3	4.2
Iraq	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Turkey	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	3,450	1,415	2,035	43.9	40.4	46.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	365	185	175	4.6	5.3	4.0
Korea, South⁹²	570	225	345	7.3	6.4	7.9
Taiwan	310	115	195	3.9	3.3	4.5
Philippines	95	40	55	1.2	1.1	1.3
Viet Nam	25	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.6
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	210	110	100	2.7	3.1	2.3
Pakistan	65	30	30	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	485	180	305	6.2	5.1	7.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	35	40	1.0	1.0	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,735	800	930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	90	105	11.2	11.3	11.3
Brazil	30	20	10	1.7	2.5	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	125	60	65	7.2	7.5	7.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	25	2.0	1.3	2.7
Europe	250	140	115	14.4	17.5	12.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	15	1.2	1.3	1.6
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.9	1.3	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Russian Federation	60	25	35	3.5	3.1	3.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	25	3.5	5.0	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	65	30	30	3.7	3.8	3.2
Africa	75	30	45	4.3	3.8	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	15	30	2.3	1.9	3.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asia	1,175	525	650	67.7	65.6	69.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	700	300	395	40.3	37.5	42.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	35	25	3.7	4.4	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	80	40	40	4.6	5.0	4.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	10	20	1.7	1.3	2.2
Japan	15	15	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	115	55	60	6.6	6.9	6.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	10	25	2.3	1.3	2.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	20	55	4.3	2.5	5.9
Oceania and other⁹³	40	20	20	2.3	2.5	2.2
Australia	40	20	20	2.3	2.5	2.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,080	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,540	5,315	6,220	67.6	66.1	68.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,195	1,630	1,565	18.7	20.3	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,350	1,090	1,260	13.8	13.6	13.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,340	3,235	4,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,135	2,745	3,380	83.6	84.9	82.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,170	1,245	925	29.6	38.5	22.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,960	1,505	2,455	54.0	46.5	59.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,015	380	635	13.8	11.7	15.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	155	80	75	2.1	2.5	1.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	25	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,340	3,235	4,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	20	40	0.9	0.6	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	760	390	370	10.4	12.1	9.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	605	260	345	8.2	8.0	8.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	630	315	315	8.6	9.7	7.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,275	2,240	3,030	71.9	69.2	73.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,080	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,480	5,215	6,260	67.2	64.9	69.2
South Asian	995	520	475	5.8	6.5	5.3
Chinese	6,610	2,925	3,690	38.7	36.4	40.8
Black	200	85	115	1.2	1.1	1.3
Filipino	165	50	110	1.0	0.6	1.2
Arab	390	195	195	2.3	2.4	2.2
Latin American	415	205	205	2.4	2.6	2.3
Southeast Asian	315	120	200	1.8	1.5	2.2
West Asian	560	285	275	3.3	3.5	3.0
Korean	1,050	475	580	6.1	5.9	6.4
Japanese	325	135	185	1.9	1.7	2.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	130	55	80	0.8	0.7	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	325	160	165	1.9	2.0	1.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	5,610	2,820	2,780	32.8	35.1	30.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,085	8,040	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	710	365	340	4.2	4.5	3.8
English	1,545	740	800	9.0	9.2	8.8
Irish	1,230	515	710	7.2	6.4	7.8
Scottish	1,270	610	665	7.4	7.6	7.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	545	260	285	3.2	3.2	3.2
German	1,010	510	500	5.9	6.3	5.5
Chinese	5,975	2,650	3,325	35.0	33.0	36.8
Italian	330	175	155	1.9	2.2	1.7
Indian (India)	640	330	305	3.7	4.1	3.4
Ukrainian	355	165	195	2.1	2.1	2.2
Dutch	255	115	145	1.5	1.4	1.6
Polish	335	150	190	2.0	1.9	2.1
Québécois	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	400	165	235	2.3	2.1	2.6
Filipino	215	65	145	1.3	0.8	1.6
French Canadian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	230	130	95	1.3	1.6	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	120	65	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Métis	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	185	105	80	1.1	1.3	0.9
Russian	420	205	215	2.5	2.5	2.4
Norwegian	150	80	80	0.9	1.0	0.9
Welsh	160	85	80	0.9	1.1	0.9
Portuguese	145	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
American	200	100	100	1.2	1.2	1.1
Spanish	240	110	130	1.4	1.4	1.4
Swedish	140	60	80	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hungarian	120	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
Acadian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	145	90	60	0.8	1.1	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	325	155	175	1.9	1.9	1.9
Punjabi	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	75	30	50	0.4	0.4	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	175	80	95	1.0	1.0	1.1
Greek	85	45	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	555	245	310	3.2	3.0	3.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	915	425	490	5.4	5.3	5.4
Romanian	70	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Lebanese	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	455	235	220	2.7	2.9	2.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	45	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.4
Danish	100	70	35	0.6	0.9	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	110	70	50	0.6	0.9	0.6
Belgian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	65	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexican	150	80	75	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mennonite	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	70	45	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Sri Lankan	60	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Croatian	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	335	145	195	2.0	1.8	2.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80	35	40	0.5	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	75	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombian	100	60	35	0.6	0.7	0.4
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syrian	90	50	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	185	100	90	1.1	1.2	1.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	180	85	95	1.1	1.1	1.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	125	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigerian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55	40	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	350	140	215	2.0	1.7	2.4
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	160	60	95	0.9	0.7	1.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australian	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	60	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.3
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	95	30	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kurdish	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	65	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Basque	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,080	8,035	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	640	285	355	3.7	3.5	3.9
Christian	3,810	1,575	2,235	22.3	19.6	24.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,080	460	620	6.3	5.7	6.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	290	110	180	1.7	1.4	2.0
Baptist	135	65	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catholic	1,325	540	790	7.8	6.7	8.7
Christian Orthodox	180	80	95	1.1	1.0	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latter Day Saints	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lutheran	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	90	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Presbyterian	165	65	105	1.0	0.8	1.2
Reformed	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
United Church	210	85	125	1.2	1.1	1.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	170	70	105	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hindu	365	190	175	2.1	2.4	1.9
Jewish	215	115	100	1.3	1.4	1.1
Muslim	1,200	605	600	7.0	7.5	6.6
Sikh	105	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	75	95	1.0	0.9	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	10,560	5,140	5,420	61.8	64.0	59.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	16,945	7,960	8,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,420	5,340	6,080	67.4	67.1	67.7
Movers	5,525	2,620	2,905	32.6	32.9	32.3
Non-migrants	2,960	1,320	1,645	17.5	16.6	18.3
Migrants	2,565	1,305	1,255	15.1	16.4	14.0
Internal migrants	1,235	635	595	7.3	8.0	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	710	350	360	4.2	4.4	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	525	290	240	3.1	3.6	2.7
External migrants	1,330	670	660	7.8	8.4	7.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,255	7,585	8,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	5,350	2,430	2,920	32.9	32.0	33.7
Movers	10,900	5,155	5,745	67.1	68.0	66.3
Non-migrants	2,150	985	1,165	13.2	13.0	13.4
Migrants	8,750	4,170	4,580	53.8	55.0	52.9
Internal migrants	4,685	2,230	2,460	28.8	29.4	28.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,550	1,670	1,880	21.8	22.0	21.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,135	560	575	7.0	7.4	6.6
External migrants	4,060	1,940	2,120	25.0	25.6	24.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,350	6,605	7,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	715	400	310	5.0	6.1	4.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,635	6,205	7,430	95.0	93.9	96.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,735	3,895	4,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	70	45	1.3	1.8	0.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,620	3,830	4,790	98.7	98.3	99.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,345	6,605	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	675	375	300	4.7	5.7	3.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,380	1,575	1,805	23.6	23.8	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,295	4,655	5,640	71.8	70.5	72.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,480	565	915	10.3	8.6	11.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	235	115	120	1.6	1.7	1.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	125	65	65	0.9	1.0	0.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	105	50	55	0.7	0.8	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	860	315	545	6.0	4.8	7.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	380	135	250	2.6	2.0	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,820	4,095	4,725	61.5	62.0	61.0
Bachelor's degree	4,060	1,675	2,385	28.3	25.4	30.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	365	135	235	2.5	2.0	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	140	120	1.8	2.1	1.5
Master's degree	2,655	1,220	1,435	18.5	18.5	18.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,475	925	550	10.3	14.0	7.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,735	3,900	4,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	90	45	45	1.0	1.2	0.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	705	310	395	8.1	7.9	8.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,940	3,545	4,395	90.9	90.9	90.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	990	360	635	11.3	9.2	13.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	145	85	60	1.7	2.2	1.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	85	40	45	1.0	1.0	0.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	60	40	15	0.7	1.0	0.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	540	175	365	6.2	4.5	7.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	305	100	205	3.5	2.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,950	3,190	3,765	79.6	81.8	77.9
Bachelor's degree	2,905	1,195	1,705	33.3	30.6	35.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300	105	190	3.4	2.7	3.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175	90	90	2.0	2.3	1.9
Master's degree	2,285	1,010	1,275	26.2	25.9	26.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,295	790	500	14.8	20.3	10.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,350	6,605	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,055	1,945	2,105	28.3	29.4	27.2
Education	535	125	410	3.7	1.9	5.3
13. Education	535	125	410	3.7	1.9	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	115	320	3.0	1.7	4.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	430	110	320	3.0	1.7	4.1
Humanities	860	315	545	6.0	4.8	7.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	50	135	1.3	0.8	1.7
23. English language and literature/letters	250	65	185	1.7	1.0	2.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	50	105	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	40	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	95	55	40	0.7	0.8	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,625	530	1,090	11.3	8.0	14.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	45	0.5	0.2	0.6
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	20	95	0.8	0.3	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	110	10	100	0.8	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	220	85	135	1.5	1.3	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	345	55	290	2.4	0.8	3.7
45. Social sciences	725	330	390	5.1	5.0	5.0
Business, management and public administration	1,685	730	955	11.7	11.1	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	10	50	0.4	0.2	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,630	720	905	11.4	10.9	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,195	600	595	8.3	9.1	7.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	275	360	4.4	4.2	4.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	70	80	1.0	1.1	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	395	255	135	2.8	3.9	1.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	520	325	6.0	7.9	4.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	360	195	3.9	5.5	2.5
25. Library science	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	125	80	1.4	1.9	1.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,625	1,110	520	11.3	16.8	6.7
04. Architecture and related services	140	80	65	1.0	1.2	0.8
14. Engineering	1,245	830	415	8.7	12.6	5.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	135	100	30	0.9	1.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	35	30	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
48. Precision production	35	30	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	270	130	135	1.9	2.0	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	55	70	0.9	0.8	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	80	60	1.0	1.2	0.8
Health and related fields	1,125	440	690	7.8	6.7	8.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	70	60	0.9	1.1	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	890	315	575	6.2	4.8	7.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	50	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	45	40	0.6	0.7	0.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,735	3,900	4,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	795	355	435	9.1	9.1	9.0
Education	350	65	285	4.0	1.7	5.9
13. Education	350	65	285	4.0	1.7	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	350	95	250	4.0	2.4	5.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	345	95	250	3.9	2.4	5.2
Humanities	665	260	405	7.6	6.7	8.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	50	110	1.8	1.3	2.3
23. English language and literature/letters	210	65	145	2.4	1.7	3.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	25	70	1.1	0.6	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	35	40	0.9	0.9	0.8
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
54. History	60	45	15	0.7	1.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,255	425	825	14.4	10.9	17.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	20	85	1.2	0.5	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75	10	65	0.9	0.3	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	165	55	115	1.9	1.4	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
42. Psychology	225	40	185	2.6	1.0	3.8
45. Social sciences	585	270	310	6.7	6.9	6.4
Business, management and public administration	1,345	535	810	15.4	13.7	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,305	530	775	14.9	13.6	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	455	460	10.5	11.7	9.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	225	265	5.6	5.8	5.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	45	65	1.3	1.2	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	305	185	125	3.5	4.7	2.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	685	410	275	7.8	10.5	5.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	475	300	175	5.4	7.7	3.6
25. Library science	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	80	60	1.6	2.1	1.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,290	820	470	14.8	21.0	9.7
04. Architecture and related services	120	65	55	1.4	1.7	1.1
14. Engineering	995	620	375	11.4	15.9	7.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	110	80	25	1.3	2.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
48. Precision production	25	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	95	105	2.3	2.4	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	45	45	1.0	1.2	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	55	60	1.3	1.4	1.2
Health and related fields	820	335	485	9.4	8.6	10.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	50	30	0.9	1.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	675	250	420	7.7	6.4	8.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	35	30	0.6	0.9	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	60	35	25	0.7	0.9	0.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	35	15	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,735	3,900	4,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	795	355	435	9.1	9.1	9.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,940	3,545	4,395	90.9	90.9	90.9
Location of study inside Canada	3,630	1,690	1,945	41.6	43.3	40.2
Same as province or territory of residence	2,680	1,245	1,440	30.7	31.9	29.8
Different than province or territory of residence	950	445	505	10.9	11.4	10.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,305	1,855	2,450	49.3	47.6	50.7
Americas	950	510	435	10.9	13.1	9.0
United States of America	775	425	350	8.9	10.9	7.2
Mexico	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	40	25	0.7	1.0	0.5
Colombia	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Europe	620	345	275	7.1	8.8	5.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	30	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Germany	45	35	10	0.5	0.9	0.2
Netherlands	30	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Switzerland	30	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	65	20	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
Ukraine	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	135	85	2.5	3.5	1.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	60	40	1.1	1.5	0.8
Africa	55	30	30	0.6	0.8	0.6
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Asia	2,645	955	1,690	30.3	24.5	35.0
Iran⁸⁸	170	55	115	1.9	1.4	2.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkey	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,545	545	1,000	17.7	14.0	20.7
Taiwan	65	20	50	0.7	0.5	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	30	35	0.8	0.8	0.7
Japan	115	45	70	1.3	1.2	1.4
Korea, South⁹²	295	85	215	3.4	2.2	4.4
Philippines	70	25	40	0.8	0.6	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	130	60	70	1.5	1.5	1.4
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	55	20	45	0.6	0.5	0.9
Oceania	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australia	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,345	6,605	7,745	...	...	...
In the labour force	8,455	4,125	4,325	...	...	...
Employed	7,405	3,655	3,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,050	470	580	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,895	2,480	3,415	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.9	62.5	55.8	58.9	62.5	55.8
Employment rate	51.6	55.3	48.3	51.6	55.3	48.3
Unemployment rate	12.4	11.4	13.4	12.4	11.4	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,350	6,605	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,215	2,635	3,580	43.3	39.9	46.2
Worked	8,135	3,970	4,165	56.7	60.1	53.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,870	2,150	1,720	27.0	32.6	22.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,265	1,820	2,450	29.7	27.6	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.5	40.3	36.8	38.5	40.3	36.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,455	4,130	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	205	200	4.8	5.0	4.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,050	3,920	4,130	95.2	94.9	95.4
Employee	6,675	3,165	3,510	78.9	76.6	81.1
Permanent position	4,005	1,955	2,050	47.4	47.3	47.3
Temporary position	2,670	1,210	1,460	31.6	29.3	33.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,310	685	625	15.5	16.6	14.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,360	530	835	16.1	12.8	19.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,375	750	625	16.3	18.2	14.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,455	4,130	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	205	200	4.8	5.0	4.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,050	3,920	4,130	95.2	94.9	95.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	135	105	35	1.6	2.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,500	525	980	17.7	12.7	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,200	790	410	14.2	19.1	9.5
3 Health occupations	475	215	260	5.6	5.2	6.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,495	1,170	1,330	29.5	28.3	30.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	395	145	255	4.7	3.5	5.9
6 Sales and service occupations	1,360	580	780	16.1	14.0	18.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	395	320	70	4.7	7.7	1.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	40	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	50	40	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,455	4,130	4,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	205	200	4.8	5.0	4.6
All industries¹⁹¹	8,050	3,920	4,130	95.2	94.9	95.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
22 Utilities	25	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
23 Construction	155	115	40	1.8	2.8	0.9
31-33 Manufacturing	205	120	85	2.4	2.9	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	195	135	60	2.3	3.3	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	600	270	330	7.1	6.5	7.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	165	115	50	2.0	2.8	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	245	150	95	2.9	3.6	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	375	205	170	4.4	5.0	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245	130	115	2.9	3.1	2.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,160	670	490	13.7	16.2	11.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	35	0.5	0.4	0.8
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	105	50	55	1.2	1.2	1.3
61 Educational services	2,730	1,250	1,485	32.3	30.3	34.3
62 Health care and social assistance	635	205	430	7.5	5.0	9.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	100	115	2.5	2.4	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	410	170	235	4.8	4.1	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	250	65	185	3.0	1.6	4.3
91 Public administration	205	95	115	2.4	2.3	2.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,115	4,420	4,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,485	3,685	3,805	82.1	83.4	81.1
French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	450	220	235	4.9	5.0	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	450	220	235	4.9	5.0	5.0
English and French	100	45	50	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,020	455	560	11.2	10.3	11.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,115	4,420	4,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,880	4,335	4,545	97.4	98.1	96.9
Official languages	8,085	3,970	4,115	88.7	89.8	87.7
English	8,055	3,965	4,085	88.4	89.7	87.1
French	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Non-official languages	795	360	430	8.7	8.1	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	360	430	8.7	8.1	9.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	50	35	20	0.5	0.8	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	300	365	7.3	6.8	7.8
Chinese languages	665	300	365	7.3	6.8	7.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	600	285	320	6.6	6.4	6.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	15	45	0.7	0.3	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	235	90	140	2.6	2.0	3.0
English and French	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	80	140	2.4	1.8	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,115	4,420	4,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,175	3,980	4,195	89.7	90.0	89.4
English	335	145	195	3.7	3.3	4.2
French	65	40	30	0.7	0.9	0.6
Non-official language	470	235	230	5.2	5.3	4.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	460	235	225	5.0	5.3	4.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,400	3,660	3,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,680	1,740	1,935	49.7	47.5	51.7
Worked outside Canada	160	105	60	2.2	2.9	1.6
No fixed workplace address	375	245	130	5.1	6.7	3.5
Usual place of work	3,195	1,570	1,620	43.2	42.9	43.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,195	1,570	1,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,325	680	650	41.5	43.3	40.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,800	855	950	56.3	54.5	58.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35	15	25	1.1	1.0	1.5
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,565	1,815	1,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	1,675	860	820	47.0	47.4	46.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,510	805	700	42.4	44.4	40.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	170	55	115	4.8	3.0	6.6
Public transit	610	270	340	17.1	14.9	19.4
Walked	870	390	485	24.4	21.5	27.7
Bicycle	295	225	75	8.3	12.4	4.3
Other method	115	70	45	3.2	3.9	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,565	1,815	1,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	870	440	430	24.4	24.2	24.6
15 to 29 minutes	1,310	670	645	36.7	36.9	36.9
30 to 44 minutes	830	415	420	23.3	22.9	24.0
45 to 59 minutes	285	140	145	8.0	7.7	8.3
60 minutes and over	270	155	110	7.6	8.5	6.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,565	1,815	1,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	65	30	35	1.8	1.7	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	255	160	95	7.2	8.8	5.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	535	280	260	15.0	15.4	14.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,260	680	585	35.3	37.5	33.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,020	470	550	28.6	25.9	31.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	430	205	230	12.1	11.3	13.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,320	1,710	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	85	80	5.0	5.0	5.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,150	1,620	1,530	94.9	94.7	95.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,445	1,245	1,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	55	55	4.7	4.4	4.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	70	30	40	2.9	2.4	3.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	20	1.8	2.0	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,330	1,190	1,145	95.3	95.6	95.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table