Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kings, County (CT)More information: New Brunswick [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	71,184	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	68,941	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	30,283	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,464	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,482.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	71,185	34,895	36,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,760	6,025	5,735	16.5	17.3	15.8
0 to 4 years	3,350	1,740	1,610	4.7	5.0	4.4
5 to 9 years	4,005	2,035	1,970	5.6	5.8	5.4
10 to 14 years	4,405	2,250	2,155	6.2	6.4	5.9
15 to 64 years	44,455	21,765	22,695	62.4	62.4	62.5
15 to 19 years	4,430	2,250	2,185	6.2	6.4	6.0
20 to 24 years	3,530	1,865	1,665	5.0	5.3	4.6
25 to 29 years	3,215	1,615	1,600	4.5	4.6	4.4
30 to 34 years	3,740	1,805	1,930	5.3	5.2	5.3
35 to 39 years	4,055	1,920	2,135	5.7	5.5	5.9
40 to 44 years	4,425	2,105	2,320	6.2	6.0	6.4
45 to 49 years	4,875	2,350	2,525	6.8	6.7	7.0
50 to 54 years	4,975	2,445	2,530	7.0	7.0	7.0
55 to 59 years	5,750	2,740	3,010	8.1	7.9	8.3
60 to 64 years	5,455	2,660	2,795	7.7	7.6	7.7
65 years and over	14,970	7,110	7,855	21.0	20.4	21.6
65 to 69 years	4,985	2,450	2,535	7.0	7.0	7.0
70 to 74 years	4,255	2,075	2,185	6.0	5.9	6.0
75 to 79 years	2,740	1,300	1,440	3.8	3.7	4.0
80 to 84 years	1,630	765	865	2.3	2.2	2.4
85 years and over	1,355	520	835	1.9	1.5	2.3
85 to 89 years	865	365	495	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	365	120	245	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.3	15.8	16.5	17.3	15.8
15 to 64 years	62.4	62.4	62.5	62.4	62.4	62.5
65 years and over	21.0	20.4	21.6	21.0	20.4	21.6
85 years and over	1.9	1.5	2.3	1.9	1.5	2.3
Average age of the population	43.2	42.5	43.9	43.2	42.5	43.9
Median age of the population	45.6	44.8	46.0	45.6	44.8	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,455	...	...	82.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	430	...	...	1.5	...	...
Row house	535	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,955	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,270	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,520	...	...	22.9	...	...
2 persons	11,260	...	...	39.6	...	...
3 persons	4,515	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	4,000	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,170	...	...	7.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	70,400	34,565	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	59,425	28,875	30,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	38,180	19,045	19,135	64.2	66.0	62.6
Married	32,540	16,230	16,305	54.8	56.2	53.4
Living common-law	5,640	2,820	2,825	9.5	9.8	9.2
Living common law - Never married	3,715	1,855	1,860	6.3	6.4	6.1
Living common law - Separated	360	190	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,385	675	710	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	21,240	9,830	11,415	35.7	34.0	37.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,255	7,050	6,200	22.3	24.4	20.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,540	710	830	2.6	2.5	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,085	1,290	1,790	5.2	4.5	5.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,365	775	2,590	5.7	2.7	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,850	...	...	54.3	...	...
3 persons	4,455	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	3,815	...	...	17.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,715	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,890	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	16,070	...	...	73.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,570	...	...	34.7	...	...
Without children	8,505	...	...	39.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,825	...	...	12.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,235	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	1,585	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,940	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,230	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	715	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	70,400	34,565	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	61,465	30,550	30,910	87.3	88.4	86.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,785	18,865	18,920	53.7	54.6	52.8
Parents in one-parent families	2,940	715	2,230	4.2	2.1	6.2
Children⁶	20,740	10,980	9,760	29.5	31.8	27.2
In a two-parent family	16,220	8,585	7,635	23.0	24.8	21.3
In a one-parent family	4,520	2,395	2,125	6.4	6.9	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,935	4,010	4,925	12.7	11.6	13.7
Living alone	6,520	2,880	3,640	9.3	8.3	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,045	400	645	1.5	1.2	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,370	725	645	1.9	2.1	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,935	...	...	70.0	...	...
Couple-family households	17,630	...	...	61.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,250	...	...	29.0	...	...
Without children	9,375	...	...	32.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,305	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	650	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	650	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	610	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	6,520	...	...	22.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	58,660	28,550	30,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,325	27,440	28,880	96.0	96.1	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600	36,400	42,000	49,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,360	27,460	28,900	96.1	96.2	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	32,800	37,200	43,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,705	25,365	25,345	86.4	88.8	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	30,000	36,400	44,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,065	20,615	19,450	68.3	72.2	64.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,600	32,800	38,800	47,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,240	18,555	23,685	72.0	65.0	78.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	12,300	10,900	11,500	12,300	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,380	3,805	3,580	12.6	13.3	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,520	6,000	6,280	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,175	5,740	6,435	20.8	20.1	21.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	7,500	7,500	7,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	58,610	28,535	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,325	27,485	28,840	96.1	96.3	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	65,400	45,160	55,050	65,400	45,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,360	27,490	28,860	96.2	96.3	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,850	38,040	44,800	51,850	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,860	25,485	25,370	86.8	89.3	84.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	61,700	40,280	51,000	61,700	40,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,045	20,665	19,380	68.3	72.4	64.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,550	41,560	51,900	61,550	41,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,005	18,365	23,640	71.7	64.4	78.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,050	12,300	11,850	12,050	12,300	11,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,305	3,650	3,655	12.5	12.8	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,370	7,660	7,080	7,370	7,660	7,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,005	5,655	6,350	20.5	19.8	21.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,150	8,630	8,400	8,150	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	58,610	28,530	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,630	11,315	9,310	35.2	39.7	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	72,000	55,600	64,500	72,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,500	88,900	63,700	77,500	88,900	63,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,830	6,930	7,900	25.3	24.3	26.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	19,600	15,600	17,200	19,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,240	32,440	22,720	27,240	32,440	22,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.4	78.4	83.6	87.4	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	70.8	61.9	67.0	70.8	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.3	12.6	21.5	16.3	12.6	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	2.0	1.7	1.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.0	5.3	4.0	3.0	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.6	4.2	3.3	2.6	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	58,665	28,555	30,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,340	1,110	1,230	4.0	3.9	4.1
With total income	56,320	27,440	28,880	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,640	1,875	2,760	8.2	6.8	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,650	2,380	4,265	11.8	8.7	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	8,395	3,570	4,825	14.9	13.0	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,950	2,930	4,025	12.3	10.7	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,785	3,050	3,730	12.0	11.1	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,205	2,655	2,545	9.2	9.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	2,265	1,745	7.1	8.3	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,140	1,735	1,410	5.6	6.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,585	1,380	1,205	4.6	5.0	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	1,100	800	3.4	4.0	2.8
$100,000 and over	6,065	4,505	1,565	10.8	16.4	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	4,020	2,895	1,125	7.1	10.6	3.9
$150,000 and over	2,045	1,605	440	3.6	5.8	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	58,665	28,555	30,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,300	1,090	1,210	3.9	3.8	4.0
With after-tax income	56,365	27,460	28,900	96.1	96.2	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,950	1,945	3,005	8.8	7.1	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,005	2,520	4,485	12.4	9.2	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,890	4,265	5,625	17.5	15.5	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	8,610	3,710	4,900	15.3	13.5	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,465	3,715	3,755	13.2	13.5	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,590	3,120	2,470	9.9	11.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,135	2,230	1,910	7.3	8.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,865	1,650	1,215	5.1	6.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,885	1,300	585	3.3	4.7	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	780	305	1.9	2.8	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,880	2,230	655	5.1	8.1	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,455	1,120	340	2.6	4.1	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,425	1,105	315	2.5	4.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	58,665	28,555	30,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	18,595	7,940	10,655	31.7	27.8	35.4
With employment income	40,070	20,610	19,455	68.3	72.2	64.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,305	2,620	2,685	13.2	12.7	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,090	1,320	1,770	7.7	6.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,335	1,860	2,480	10.8	9.0	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,750	1,645	2,105	9.4	8.0	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,875	1,570	2,305	9.7	7.6	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,660	1,700	1,965	9.1	8.2	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,025	1,640	1,390	7.5	8.0	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	1,410	1,135	6.4	6.8	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,180	1,200	975	5.4	5.8	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,005	1,030	975	5.0	5.0	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	890	615	3.7	4.3	3.2
$100,000 and over	4,780	3,725	1,060	11.9	18.1	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,230	1,655	575	5.6	8.0	3.0
$125,000 and over	2,550	2,070	485	6.4	10.0	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	58,660	28,550	30,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,260	26,920	28,345	94.2	94.3	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,000	34,000	40,800	50,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,335	26,925	28,410	94.3	94.3	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	30,800	36,400	43,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,305	25,130	25,175	85.8	88.0	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	46,800	30,800	37,600	46,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,470	20,850	19,620	69.0	73.0	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	33,200	39,600	49,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,195	15,800	21,395	63.4	55.3	71.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,700	8,300	8,900	9,700	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,405	3,380	3,015	10.9	11.8	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,450	5,560	5,960	6,450	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	58,610	28,535	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,255	27,000	28,265	94.3	94.6	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,650	65,000	42,880	53,650	65,000	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,330	27,010	28,320	94.4	94.7	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	51,300	36,000	43,480	51,300	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,370	25,215	25,155	85.9	88.4	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	63,050	40,120	51,600	63,050	40,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,475	20,900	19,575	69.1	73.2	65.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,600	62,600	41,920	52,600	62,600	41,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,995	15,710	21,290	63.1	55.1	70.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,920	10,440	9,540	9,920	10,440	9,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,275	3,330	2,950	10.7	11.7	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,730	7,710	7,720	7,730	7,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	58,610	28,530	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,525	11,265	9,255	35.0	39.5	30.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,000	51,600	62,000	71,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	85,100	60,650	74,100	85,100	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,015	6,545	7,470	23.9	22.9	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	25,600	21,200	23,200	25,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,600	42,480	27,720	34,600	42,480	27,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	90.6	83.2	87.6	90.6	83.2
Employment income (%)	71.8	74.6	67.8	71.8	74.6	67.8
Government transfers (%)	12.4	9.3	16.8	12.4	9.3	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.9	1.6	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,680	...	...	40,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,900	...	...	126,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	265	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,160	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	850	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	915	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,020	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,135	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,025	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,110	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,980	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,875	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,900	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,930	...	...	41.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,350	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,565	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,175	...	...	11.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,840	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,240	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,035	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	995	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,275	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,330	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,265	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,495	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,450	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,350	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,215	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,505	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,320	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,395	...	...	11.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,890	3,605	4,285	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,200	36,000	38,000	41,200	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,000	33,200	34,000	36,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,400	...	...	127,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...	103,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...	88,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,800	...	...	163,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,880	3,520	4,360	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,280	50,120	43,200	46,280	50,120	43,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,160	41,280	37,440	39,160	41,280	37,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,460	7,370	7,090	20.5	21.3	19.8
0 to 5 years	4,120	2,140	1,975	5.9	6.2	5.5
18 to 64 years	41,505	20,260	21,245	59.0	58.6	59.3
65 years and over	14,435	6,935	7,505	20.5	20.1	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,125	3,260	3,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,655	825	825	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	270	260	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,235	1,530	1,700	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,245	905	1,335	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.4	10.8	10.1	9.4	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.2	11.7	11.4	11.2	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	12.7	13.2	12.9	12.7	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.6	8.0	7.8	7.6	8.0
65 years and over (%)	15.5	13.0	17.8	15.5	13.0	17.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	70,400	34,565	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,460	7,370	7,090	20.5	21.3	19.8
0 to 5 years	4,115	2,145	1,975	5.8	6.2	5.5
18 to 64 years	41,505	20,255	21,245	59.0	58.6	59.3
65 years and over	14,440	6,930	7,505	20.5	20.0	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,485	740	740	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	295	135	155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	45	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,060	555	505	...	...	...
65 years and over	130	50	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.2	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.4
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.7	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	34,465	16,460	18,005	49.0	47.6	50.2
In bottom decile	5,695	2,635	3,055	8.1	7.6	8.5
In second decile	7,260	3,395	3,870	10.3	9.8	10.8
In third decile	7,250	3,450	3,795	10.3	10.0	10.6
In fourth decile	7,055	3,435	3,620	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	7,200	3,540	3,660	10.2	10.2	10.2
In top half of the distribution	35,940	18,100	17,835	51.1	52.4	49.8
In sixth decile	7,445	3,670	3,780	10.6	10.6	10.5
In seventh decile	7,505	3,765	3,740	10.7	10.9	10.4
In eighth decile	7,185	3,650	3,540	10.2	10.6	9.9
In ninth decile	7,215	3,635	3,580	10.2	10.5	10.0
In top decile	6,585	3,385	3,200	9.4	9.8	8.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.327	...	...	0.327	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	70,660	34,660	35,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	58,155	29,385	28,775	82.3	84.8	79.9
French only	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,355	5,215	7,145	17.5	15.0	19.8
Neither English nor French	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	70,660	34,660	35,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,400	33,630	34,770	96.8	97.0	96.6
French	2,030	920	1,105	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and French	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	70,660	34,660	35,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,970	34,345	35,625	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	68,095	33,420	34,675	96.4	96.4	96.3
English	65,970	32,475	33,495	93.4	93.7	93.1
French	2,130	950	1,180	3.0	2.7	3.3
Non-official languages	1,870	920	950	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,865	925	945	2.6	2.7	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	985	510	475	1.4	1.5	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	365	190	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	200	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	130	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	55	55	0.1	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	145	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	305	145	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	690	315	375	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	460	195	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	70,660	34,660	35,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,895	32,915	33,980	94.7	95.0	94.4
French	575	280	295	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	490	235	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	490	235	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	1,405	600	810	2.0	1.7	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,160	565	590	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	70,660	34,660	35,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,230	34,455	35,775	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	69,315	34,005	35,310	98.1	98.1	98.1
English	68,550	33,640	34,905	97.0	97.1	97.0
French	765	360	400	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-official languages	915	445	465	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	915	445	465	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	340	175	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	225	105	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	425	205	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	225	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	70,655	34,660	35,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	68,345	33,610	34,730	96.7	97.0	96.5
English	515	255	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	1,020	425	595	1.4	1.2	1.7
Non-official language	595	290	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	585	285	300	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	70,400	34,560	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	70,315	34,525	35,790	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	70,265	34,490	35,780	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	12,315	5,280	7,030	17.5	15.3	19.6
Non-official languages	2,660	1,275	1,380	3.8	3.7	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,650	1,270	1,380	3.8	3.7	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	270	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	255	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	55	0.1	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,505	760	745	2.1	2.2	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	240	125	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	125	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	535	275	260	0.8	0.8	0.7
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	175	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	345	175	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	625	290	335	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	435	195	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	160	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	195	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	405	195	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	365	180	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,445	660	785	2.1	1.9	2.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,305	595	710	1.9	1.7	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	800	365	440	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	465	205	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	68,955	33,905	35,050	97.9	98.1	97.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	320	140	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	70,080	34,420	35,665	99.5	99.6	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,690	...	...	86.7	...	...
Renter	3,775	...	...	13.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	470	...	...	1.7	...	...
Not condominium	27,995	...	...	98.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,405	...	...	4.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,900	...	...	20.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,845	...	...	41.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,270	...	...	32.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,645	...	...	12.8	...	...
5 rooms	3,910	...	...	13.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,400	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,295	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,205	...	...	42.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,315	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	27,820	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	645	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,605	...	...	16.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,535	...	...	30.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,195	...	...	18.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,595	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,720	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,080	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,460	...	...	5.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,270	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,600	...	...	93.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,865	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,480	...	...	47.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,345	...	...	50.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	645	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	425	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,025	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,505	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,200	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,320	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,290	...	...	18.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,955	...	...	10.4	...	...
85 years and over	740	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,550	...	...	90.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,685	...	...	9.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,470	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,795	...	...	16.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,365	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not suitable only	525	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,505	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,670	...	...	83.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,105	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not in core need	26,910	...	...	96.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,530	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.7	...	...	56.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	257,600	...	...	257,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	875	...	...	875	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	70,400	34,565	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	465	235	230	0.7	0.7	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	455	230	225	0.6	0.7	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	335	170	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,110	1,025	1,085	3.0	3.0	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,065	1,010	1,060	2.9	2.9	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,625	805	815	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410	190	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	67,830	33,305	34,530	96.3	96.4	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	70,400	34,560	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,875	33,890	34,980	97.8	98.1	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,140	7,220	6,920	20.1	20.9	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	54,735	26,675	28,065	77.7	77.2	78.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,525	670	855	2.2	1.9	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	70,400	34,560	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,765	32,885	33,875	94.8	95.2	94.5
Immigrants⁸¹	3,390	1,550	1,840	4.8	4.5	5.1
Before 1980	1,205	570	635	1.7	1.6	1.8
1980 to 1990	365	160	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
1991 to 2000	215	80	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
2001 to 2010	525	220	305	0.7	0.6	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,075	520	560	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2015	400	205	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
2016 to 2021	680	315	365	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	245	125	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,390	1,550	1,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	400	215	180	11.8	13.9	9.8
5 to 14 years	695	285	410	20.5	18.4	22.3
15 to 24 years	585	255	325	17.3	16.5	17.7
25 to 44 years	1,475	660	815	43.5	42.6	44.3
45 years and over	235	135	105	6.9	8.7	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,390	1,550	1,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	670	255	415	19.8	16.5	22.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.5
Mexico	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
United States of America	490	180	315	14.5	11.6	17.1
Other places of birth in Americas	75	40	35	2.2	2.6	1.9
Europe	1,560	775	785	46.0	50.0	42.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	10	30	1.0	0.6	1.6
Germany	165	90	75	4.9	5.8	4.1
Greece	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Hungary	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
Italy	50	35	10	1.5	2.3	0.5
Netherlands	110	70	40	3.2	4.5	2.2
Poland	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.8
Portugal	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	65	35	30	1.9	2.3	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	865	430	440	25.5	27.7	23.9
Other places of birth in Europe	150	50	100	4.4	3.2	5.4
Africa	220	105	110	6.5	6.8	6.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	10	0.6	1.0	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	30	25	1.5	1.9	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	25	1.6	1.6	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	40	2.1	1.6	2.2
Asia	900	400	505	26.5	25.8	27.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	295	140	150	8.7	9.0	8.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	130	50	85	3.8	3.2	4.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	110	35	75	3.2	2.3	4.1
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	25	35	1.8	1.6	1.9
Pakistan	40	20	20	1.2	1.3	1.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	175	85	90	5.2	5.5	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	15	30	1.5	1.0	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	680	310	370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	45	35	11.0	14.5	9.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	45	30	15	6.6	9.7	4.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	45	60	16.2	14.5	16.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	2.2	3.2	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	65	35	30	9.6	11.3	8.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	20	2.9	0.0	5.4
Africa	85	40	45	12.5	12.9	12.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	20	10	3.7	6.5	2.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	2.2	0.0	4.1
Asia	405	185	220	59.6	59.7	59.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	200	105	95	29.4	33.9	25.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	2.2	3.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	55	30	20	8.1	9.7	5.4
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	20	40	9.6	6.5	10.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,245	1,995	2,250	6.0	5.8	6.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,025	2,385	2,640	7.1	6.9	7.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	61,135	30,185	30,945	86.8	87.3	86.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,185	980	1,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,555	765	795	71.2	78.1	66.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	545	390	155	24.9	39.8	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,015	380	635	46.5	38.8	52.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	495	165	330	22.7	16.8	27.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	35	80	5.5	3.6	6.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,185	980	1,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	20	10	1.4	2.0	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405	215	195	18.5	21.9	16.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	65	100	7.6	6.6	8.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	45	100	6.4	4.6	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	15	15	0.9	1.5	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,425	630	790	65.2	64.3	65.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,250	1,075	1,170	3.2	3.1	3.3
South Asian	375	195	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese	540	235	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
Black	500	300	200	0.7	0.9	0.6
Filipino	175	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin American	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southeast Asian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	115	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	68,155	33,485	34,665	96.8	96.9	96.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	70,400	34,560	35,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,975	7,375	7,600	21.3	21.3	21.2
English	20,070	9,555	10,510	28.5	27.6	29.3
Irish	22,385	10,790	11,600	31.8	31.2	32.4
Scottish	18,115	8,930	9,185	25.7	25.8	25.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,655	4,110	4,545	12.3	11.9	12.7
German	4,120	2,005	2,115	5.9	5.8	5.9
Chinese	590	260	330	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italian	935	480	455	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indian (India)	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	385	205	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Dutch	2,335	1,145	1,195	3.3	3.3	3.3
Polish	460	245	215	0.7	0.7	0.6
Québécois	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,345	1,135	1,215	3.3	3.3	3.4
Filipino	200	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	480	205	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,125	1,520	1,605	4.4	4.4	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	780	370	410	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis	575	260	310	0.8	0.8	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,420	695	725	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian	285	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	440	175	265	0.6	0.5	0.7
Welsh	1,605	785	820	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portuguese	190	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
American	880	440	440	1.3	1.3	1.2
Spanish	235	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	450	210	245	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	2,775	1,360	1,415	3.9	3.9	3.9
Pakistani	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	185	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	265	170	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jamaican	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	520	290	230	0.7	0.8	0.6
Iranian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	400	210	190	0.6	0.6	0.5
Danish	580	270	305	0.8	0.8	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	415	210	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austrian	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belgian	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swiss	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	520	265	250	0.7	0.8	0.7
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	120	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	355	205	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	245	130	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	2,400	1,105	1,295	3.4	3.2	3.6
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Columbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	70,400	34,560	35,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	45,260	21,310	23,950	64.3	61.7	66.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,090	2,565	2,520	7.2	7.4	7.0
Anabaptist	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	7,040	3,135	3,905	10.0	9.1	10.9
Baptist	6,110	2,845	3,265	8.7	8.2	9.1
Catholic	16,365	7,830	8,530	23.2	22.7	23.8
Christian Orthodox	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	265	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	930	430	505	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,395	630	765	2.0	1.8	2.1
Presbyterian	495	235	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	5,380	2,435	2,945	7.6	7.0	8.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,765	870	890	2.5	2.5	2.5
Hindu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jewish	150	105	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Muslim	190	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	265	115	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	24,370	12,850	11,520	34.6	37.2	32.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	69,760	34,260	35,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,450	31,195	32,260	91.0	91.1	90.9
Movers	6,310	3,065	3,245	9.0	8.9	9.1
Non-migrants	2,545	1,220	1,320	3.6	3.6	3.7
Migrants	3,765	1,840	1,920	5.4	5.4	5.4
Internal migrants	3,645	1,760	1,880	5.2	5.1	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,505	1,210	1,295	3.6	3.5	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,140	555	585	1.6	1.6	1.6
External migrants	120	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	67,050	32,845	34,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,640	22,720	22,925	68.1	69.2	67.0
Movers	21,405	10,120	11,285	31.9	30.8	33.0
Non-migrants	5,230	2,490	2,735	7.8	7.6	8.0
Migrants	16,175	7,635	8,540	24.1	23.2	25.0
Internal migrants	15,285	7,180	8,105	22.8	21.9	23.7
Intraprovincial migrants	11,630	5,360	6,275	17.3	16.3	18.3
Interprovincial migrants	3,665	1,825	1,840	5.5	5.6	5.4
External migrants	890	450	435	1.3	1.4	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,610	28,530	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,535	4,635	3,900	14.6	16.2	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,070	23,900	26,170	85.4	83.8	87.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,350	17,495	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,300	1,360	940	6.3	7.8	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,050	16,135	17,915	93.7	92.2	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,605	28,535	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,700	4,000	3,695	13.1	14.0	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,805	8,370	9,435	30.4	29.3	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,105	16,165	16,945	56.5	56.6	56.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,790	10,250	9,540	33.8	35.9	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,745	3,810	935	8.1	13.4	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845	1,215	625	3.1	4.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,900	2,590	310	4.9	9.1	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,100	6,060	8,040	24.1	21.2	26.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	945	380	565	1.6	1.3	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,315	5,915	7,400	22.7	20.7	24.6
Bachelor's degree	9,335	3,960	5,370	15.9	13.9	17.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	340	440	1.3	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	295	145	0.7	1.0	0.5
Master's degree	2,470	1,140	1,330	4.2	4.0	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	180	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,345	17,495	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,035	1,165	870	5.6	6.7	4.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,915	4,870	5,040	27.3	27.8	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,400	11,450	12,945	67.1	65.4	68.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,975	7,115	6,855	38.5	40.7	36.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,950	2,360	595	8.1	13.5	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,185	790	400	3.3	4.5	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,765	1,565	200	4.9	8.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,415	4,470	5,945	28.7	25.6	31.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	605	290	315	1.7	1.7	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,425	4,340	6,085	28.7	24.8	32.3
Bachelor's degree	7,360	2,930	4,430	20.3	16.7	23.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	600	230	370	1.7	1.3	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	205	120	0.9	1.2	0.6
Master's degree	1,945	860	1,085	5.4	4.9	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	115	80	0.5	0.7	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,605	28,535	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,505	12,370	13,135	43.5	43.4	43.7
Education	2,660	640	2,015	4.5	2.2	6.7
13. Education	2,660	640	2,015	4.5	2.2	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	265	250	0.9	0.9	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	100	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	410	170	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	1,475	600	875	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	270	70	200	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	115	265	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	345	210	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
54. History	230	95	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,710	805	1,905	4.6	2.8	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	70	140	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	595	15	585	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	455	185	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	715	175	545	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	675	345	335	1.2	1.2	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,100	2,400	4,700	12.1	8.4	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	80	510	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,485	2,315	4,160	11.1	8.1	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,055	520	540	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	200	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	100	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	170	125	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	950	555	400	1.6	1.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	510	310	1.4	1.8	1.0
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,475	7,950	530	14.5	27.9	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	1,210	1,035	175	2.1	3.6	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,300	2,105	195	3.9	7.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,300	2,225	75	3.9	7.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,615	1,595	20	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,005	960	45	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700	475	225	1.2	1.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	415	250	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	225	60	0.5	0.8	0.2
Health and related fields	5,540	890	4,650	9.5	3.1	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	150	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,000	610	4,390	8.5	2.1	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	120	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,920	1,060	860	3.3	3.7	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	870	130	745	1.5	0.5	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	535	460	80	0.9	1.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	490	455	35	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	36,350	17,495	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,955	6,040	5,910	32.9	34.5	31.4
Education	1,770	340	1,430	4.9	1.9	7.6
13. Education	1,770	340	1,430	4.9	1.9	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	420	190	220	1.2	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	60	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	355	140	220	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	1,080	420	660	3.0	2.4	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	215	60	155	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	80	195	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	145	85	0.6	0.8	0.5
54. History	180	65	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,185	615	1,575	6.0	3.5	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	55	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	15	445	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	365	115	255	1.0	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	615	155	455	1.7	0.9	2.4
45. Social sciences	530	260	275	1.5	1.5	1.5
Business, management and public administration	5,565	1,815	3,745	15.3	10.4	19.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	55	435	1.3	0.3	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,035	1,755	3,285	13.9	10.0	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	770	345	425	2.1	2.0	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	150	180	0.9	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	60	145	0.6	0.3	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	105	80	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	805	495	305	2.2	2.8	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	475	275	2.0	2.7	1.5
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,845	5,395	450	16.1	30.8	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
14. Engineering	930	785	150	2.6	4.5	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,685	1,510	180	4.6	8.6	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,570	1,505	65	4.3	8.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,030	1,025	0	2.8	5.9	0.0
48. Precision production	605	565	40	1.7	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	330	180	1.4	1.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	175	145	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	150	35	0.5	0.9	0.2
Health and related fields	4,020	705	3,315	11.1	4.0	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	135	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,585	470	3,110	9.9	2.7	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	85	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,435	800	635	3.9	4.6	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	625	95	525	1.7	0.5	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	440	365	75	1.2	2.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	330	30	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	36,350	17,495	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,955	6,040	5,910	32.9	34.5	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,395	11,455	12,940	67.1	65.5	68.6
Location of study inside Canada	23,070	10,805	12,265	63.5	61.8	65.1
Same as province or territory of residence	17,350	7,930	9,420	47.7	45.3	50.0
Different than province or territory of residence	5,720	2,875	2,840	15.7	16.4	15.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,330	650	680	3.7	3.7	3.6
Americas	455	210	240	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	410	200	210	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	365	210	150	1.0	1.2	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	120	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	410	180	230	1.1	1.0	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	130	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	58,605	28,535	30,075	...	...	...
In the labour force	36,355	18,640	17,715	...	...	...
Employed	33,270	16,785	16,480	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,085	1,845	1,240	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	22,255	9,895	12,355	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.0	65.3	58.9	62.0	65.3	58.9
Employment rate	56.8	58.8	54.8	56.8	58.8	54.8
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.9	7.0	8.5	9.9	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	58,605	28,535	30,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,925	9,595	12,330	37.4	33.6	41.0
Worked	36,685	18,935	17,750	62.6	66.4	59.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,085	11,625	9,460	36.0	40.7	31.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,595	7,315	8,285	26.6	25.6	27.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.5	42.1	42.3	42.5	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	36,355	18,635	17,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	620	360	265	1.7	1.9	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,730	18,275	17,455	98.3	98.1	98.5
Employee	31,535	15,705	15,835	86.7	84.3	89.4
Permanent position	25,910	12,945	12,965	71.3	69.5	73.2
Temporary position	5,625	2,760	2,870	15.5	14.8	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,095	475	615	3.0	2.5	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,530	2,285	2,250	12.5	12.3	12.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,195	2,570	1,620	11.5	13.8	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	36,355	18,635	17,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	620	360	265	1.7	1.9	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,730	18,275	17,455	98.3	98.1	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455	255	205	1.3	1.4	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,795	1,650	4,145	15.9	8.9	23.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,725	2,140	585	7.5	11.5	3.3
3 Health occupations	3,590	670	2,925	9.9	3.6	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,010	1,500	3,510	13.8	8.0	19.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	665	260	405	1.8	1.4	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	8,055	3,340	4,720	22.2	17.9	26.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,440	6,030	415	17.7	32.4	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,345	1,075	275	3.7	5.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,640	1,370	270	4.5	7.4	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	36,355	18,635	17,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	620	360	265	1.7	1.9	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	35,730	18,275	17,455	98.3	98.1	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,165	860	300	3.2	4.6	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	295	60	1.0	1.6	0.3
22 Utilities	800	690	105	2.2	3.7	0.6
23 Construction	2,960	2,670	290	8.1	14.3	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,015	2,255	765	8.3	12.1	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,140	745	395	3.1	4.0	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	4,180	1,905	2,275	11.5	10.2	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,475	1,120	360	4.1	6.0	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	590	325	265	1.6	1.7	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,255	400	855	3.5	2.1	4.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	305	250	1.5	1.6	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,240	1,245	990	6.2	6.7	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,370	765	605	3.8	4.1	3.4
61 Educational services	2,685	640	2,040	7.4	3.4	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	5,540	910	4,630	15.2	4.9	26.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	540	290	255	1.5	1.6	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	1,785	600	1,190	4.9	3.2	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,625	860	765	4.5	4.6	4.3
91 Public administration	2,335	1,335	1,000	6.4	7.2	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	39,180	20,055	19,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,125	19,340	17,785	94.8	96.4	93.0
French	185	40	145	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official language	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,730	620	1,110	4.4	3.1	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	39,180	20,055	19,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,000	20,000	18,995	99.5	99.7	99.3
Official languages	38,970	19,980	18,985	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	38,590	19,885	18,705	98.5	99.2	97.8
French	375	95	280	1.0	0.5	1.5
Non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	50	130	0.5	0.2	0.7
English and French	150	40	110	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	39,180	20,055	19,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,510	19,440	18,070	95.7	96.9	94.5
English	190	65	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
French	1,395	525	875	3.6	2.6	4.6
Non-official language	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,270	16,785	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,705	2,645	3,060	17.1	15.8	18.6
Worked outside Canada	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,120	3,085	1,035	12.4	18.4	6.3
Usual place of work	23,370	11,010	12,360	70.2	65.6	75.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,370	11,005	12,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,500	1,740	2,765	19.3	15.8	22.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,780	2,300	3,480	24.7	20.9	28.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,875	6,800	6,070	55.1	61.8	49.1
Commute to a different province or territory	215	165	45	0.9	1.5	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,495	14,095	13,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,255	13,495	12,755	95.5	95.7	95.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,525	12,795	11,730	89.2	90.8	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,725	700	1,030	6.3	5.0	7.7
Public transit	130	65	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Walked	625	270	355	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bicycle	60	45	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	425	220	205	1.5	1.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,495	14,095	13,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,760	3,240	4,515	28.2	23.0	33.7
15 to 29 minutes	12,080	6,075	6,010	43.9	43.1	44.9
30 to 44 minutes	4,435	2,530	1,905	16.1	17.9	14.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,930	1,275	660	7.0	9.0	4.9
60 minutes and over	1,290	980	305	4.7	7.0	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,495	14,095	13,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,735	1,410	325	6.3	10.0	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,145	3,275	1,870	18.7	23.2	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,370	4,580	4,785	34.1	32.5	35.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,375	2,135	3,240	19.5	15.1	24.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,460	870	1,590	8.9	6.2	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,405	1,820	1,580	12.4	12.9	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,770	7,540	7,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,385	700	685	9.4	9.3	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,385	6,840	6,545	90.6	90.7	90.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,150	5,670	5,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060	525	535	9.5	9.3	9.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	250	280	4.8	4.4	5.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	275	255	4.8	4.9	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,090	5,145	4,945	90.5	90.7	90.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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