Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kildonan--St. PaulMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,620	48,535	51,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,365	8,435	7,925	16.4	17.4	15.5
0 to 4 years	5,010	2,585	2,430	5.0	5.3	4.8
5 to 9 years	5,615	2,910	2,705	5.6	6.0	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,730	2,945	2,790	5.8	6.1	5.5
15 to 64 years	63,320	31,450	31,875	63.6	64.8	62.4
15 to 19 years	5,675	2,900	2,770	5.7	6.0	5.4
20 to 24 years	6,345	3,405	2,940	6.4	7.0	5.8
25 to 29 years	5,780	2,980	2,805	5.8	6.1	5.5
30 to 34 years	6,140	3,030	3,105	6.2	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	6,485	3,200	3,280	6.5	6.6	6.4
40 to 44 years	6,400	3,095	3,300	6.4	6.4	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,110	3,000	3,105	6.1	6.2	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,245	3,060	3,185	6.3	6.3	6.2
55 to 59 years	7,135	3,385	3,745	7.2	7.0	7.3
60 to 64 years	7,025	3,390	3,630	7.1	7.0	7.1
65 years and over	19,935	8,650	11,290	20.0	17.8	22.1
65 to 69 years	6,300	2,970	3,325	6.3	6.1	6.5
70 to 74 years	5,135	2,310	2,825	5.2	4.8	5.5
75 to 79 years	3,300	1,490	1,810	3.3	3.1	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,465	1,015	1,460	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 years and over	2,735	860	1,870	2.7	1.8	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,725	590	1,135	1.7	1.2	2.2
90 to 94 years	775	210	560	0.8	0.4	1.1
95 to 99 years	205	55	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.4	15.5	16.4	17.4	15.5
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.8	62.4	63.6	64.8	62.4
65 years and over	20.0	17.8	22.1	20.0	17.8	22.1
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.7	2.7	1.8	3.7
Average age of the population	42.2	40.7	43.7	42.2	40.7	43.7
Median age of the population	42.4	40.4	44.0	42.4	40.4	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,575	...	...	67.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,660	...	...	4.2	...	...
Row house	1,200	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,005	...	...	12.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,475	...	...	11.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,635	...	...	27.0	...	...
2 persons	13,280	...	...	33.7	...	...
3 persons	6,010	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	5,910	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,510	...	...	8.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	98,460	48,165	50,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,255	40,095	43,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,510	24,250	24,265	58.3	60.5	56.2
Married	41,735	20,865	20,875	50.1	52.0	48.4
Living common-law	6,780	3,385	3,390	8.1	8.4	7.9
Living common law - Never married	4,720	2,380	2,335	5.7	5.9	5.4
Living common law - Separated	280	145	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,590	775	810	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	34,745	15,850	18,900	41.7	39.5	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,000	12,370	10,630	27.6	30.9	24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,795	740	1,060	2.2	1.8	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,620	1,720	2,900	5.5	4.3	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,335	1,030	4,310	6.4	2.6	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,885	...	...	49.3	...	...
3 persons	6,005	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	5,775	...	...	20.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,485	...	...	8.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,815	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	20,425	...	...	72.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,265	...	...	40.0	...	...
Without children	9,160	...	...	32.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,390	...	...	12.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,375	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	2,010	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,340	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,345	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,000	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	98,460	48,165	50,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	82,105	40,905	41,205	83.4	84.9	81.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,625	23,795	23,830	48.4	49.4	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,345	995	3,345	4.4	2.1	6.7
Children⁶	30,135	16,110	14,025	30.6	33.4	27.9
In a two-parent family	23,505	12,525	10,980	23.9	26.0	21.8
In a one-parent family	6,635	3,585	3,045	6.7	7.4	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,355	7,260	9,095	16.6	15.1	18.1
Living alone	10,635	4,295	6,340	10.8	8.9	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,970	1,325	1,640	3.0	2.8	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,750	1,645	1,110	2.8	3.4	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,875	...	...	63.2	...	...
Couple-family households	21,525	...	...	54.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,300	...	...	28.7	...	...
Without children	10,225	...	...	26.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,350	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,040	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,205	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,370	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	10,635	...	...	27.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	82,135	39,745	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,560	38,480	41,080	96.9	96.8	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,200	38,400	43,200	49,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,585	38,495	41,090	96.9	96.9	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	34,400	37,600	42,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,960	35,775	37,185	88.8	90.0	87.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	30,400	37,200	44,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,605	29,445	28,160	70.1	74.1	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,400	34,800	40,400	46,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,180	34,435	37,740	87.9	86.6	89.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	5,520	9,800	8,100	5,520	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,565	4,055	4,510	10.4	10.2	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,120	5,440	5,320	5,120	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,555	8,905	9,655	22.6	22.4	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	82,440	39,850	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,940	38,650	41,290	97.0	97.0	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	63,400	46,040	54,450	63,400	46,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,960	38,655	41,305	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	50,120	38,600	44,160	50,120	38,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,425	35,955	37,475	89.1	90.2	88.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,440	59,750	39,520	49,440	59,750	39,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,845	29,600	28,240	70.2	74.3	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	58,700	42,000	50,520	58,700	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,795	34,830	37,970	88.3	87.4	89.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,920	8,670	11,070	9,920	8,670	11,070
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,510	4,155	4,360	10.3	10.4	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,350	5,890	6,790	6,350	5,890	6,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,820	9,230	9,585	22.8	23.2	22.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,260	8,050	8,470	8,260	8,050	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	82,440	39,850	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,880	16,735	13,145	36.2	42.0	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,500	55,600	62,000	67,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,600	82,100	62,800	73,600	82,100	62,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,515	9,770	11,745	26.1	24.5	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,000	18,200	18,800	20,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	30,600	25,800	27,960	30,600	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.6	77.8	83.4	87.6	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	71.0	62.4	67.2	71.0	62.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	12.3	22.1	16.6	12.3	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.7	4.5	3.7	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.0	4.3	3.6	3.0	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	82,135	39,745	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,570	1,260	1,315	3.1	3.2	3.1
With total income	79,560	38,480	41,080	96.9	96.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,210	2,805	3,405	7.8	7.3	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,055	3,235	4,815	10.1	8.4	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	11,890	4,755	7,140	14.9	12.3	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,330	4,340	5,995	13.0	11.3	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,805	4,465	5,335	12.3	11.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	3,965	4,180	10.2	10.3	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,180	3,345	2,835	7.8	8.7	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,695	2,680	2,020	5.9	7.0	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,755	2,165	1,590	4.7	5.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,980	1,655	1,325	3.8	4.3	3.2
$100,000 and over	7,525	5,075	2,450	9.5	13.2	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,315	3,435	1,885	6.7	8.9	4.6
$150,000 and over	2,210	1,640	565	2.8	4.3	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	82,135	39,745	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,545	1,250	1,300	3.1	3.1	3.1
With after-tax income	79,585	38,495	41,090	96.9	96.9	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,615	2,925	3,695	8.3	7.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,875	3,595	5,280	11.2	9.3	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,135	5,740	8,400	17.8	14.9	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,060	5,760	7,300	16.4	15.0	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,395	5,500	5,895	14.3	14.3	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,225	4,475	3,750	10.3	11.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,925	3,405	2,520	7.4	8.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,295	2,400	1,890	5.4	6.2	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	1,445	960	3.0	3.8	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	1,010	540	2.0	2.6	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,095	2,240	860	3.9	5.8	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,595	1,105	490	2.0	2.9	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,505	1,135	370	1.9	2.9	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	82,135	39,745	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,525	10,300	14,230	29.9	25.9	33.6
With employment income	57,605	29,445	28,165	70.1	74.1	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,765	3,070	3,695	11.7	10.4	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,045	1,750	2,300	7.0	5.9	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,385	2,855	3,530	11.1	9.7	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,640	2,540	3,100	9.8	8.6	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,600	2,610	2,990	9.7	8.9	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,885	2,810	3,075	10.2	9.6	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,950	2,460	2,485	8.6	8.4	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,005	2,295	1,715	7.0	7.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	2,010	1,360	5.9	6.8	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,835	1,650	1,185	4.9	5.6	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,450	1,365	1,085	4.3	4.6	3.9
$100,000 and over	5,675	4,025	1,650	9.9	13.7	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	1,905	980	5.0	6.5	3.5
$125,000 and over	2,790	2,120	670	4.8	7.2	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	82,135	39,745	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,630	37,450	40,180	94.5	94.2	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,400	36,800	42,000	48,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,655	37,450	40,210	94.5	94.2	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,200	32,400	36,400	41,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,185	35,320	36,865	87.9	88.9	87.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,000	38,400	45,600	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,135	29,590	28,540	70.8	74.4	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	35,600	40,800	47,200	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,810	31,910	34,895	81.3	80.3	82.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,140	1,130	6,080	3,140	1,130	6,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,035	2,810	3,225	7.3	7.1	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,680	6,000	5,880	5,680	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	82,440	39,850	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,910	37,615	40,290	94.5	94.4	94.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,650	59,800	44,080	51,650	59,800	44,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,940	37,615	40,320	94.5	94.4	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,920	47,440	36,720	41,920	47,440	36,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,465	35,500	36,970	87.9	89.1	86.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,880	57,950	40,160	48,880	57,950	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,295	29,740	28,560	70.7	74.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,320	57,850	42,480	50,320	57,850	42,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,840	31,985	34,855	81.1	80.3	81.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,240	5,985	8,380	7,240	5,985	8,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,960	2,850	3,110	7.2	7.2	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,440	6,460	8,340	7,440	6,460	8,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	82,440	39,850	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,755	16,660	13,095	36.1	41.8	30.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,500	53,200	58,800	64,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400	77,100	59,600	69,400	77,100	59,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,360	9,245	11,110	24.7	23.2	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	27,000	23,200	24,800	27,000	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,440	37,000	30,440	33,440	37,000	30,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.4	83.6	88.0	91.4	83.6
Employment income (%)	72.8	76.4	68.4	72.8	76.4	68.4
Government transfers (%)	12.0	8.5	16.4	12.0	8.5	16.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	51,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	395	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,340	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,160	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,365	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,380	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,725	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,640	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,510	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,270	...	...	43.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,050	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,800	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,620	...	...	11.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,795	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,465	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,670	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,470	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,715	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,725	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,650	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,270	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,190	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,255	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,050	...	...	33.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,100	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,650	...	...	11.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,385	5,935	7,450	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,400	37,600	40,400	44,400	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,400	34,000	35,600	38,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,500	...	...	118,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,300	...	...	94,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,900	...	...	73,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,270	5,815	7,460	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,600	51,600	46,280	48,600	51,600	46,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	42,520	39,440	40,800	42,520	39,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	98,460	48,165	50,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,680	10,095	9,580	20.0	21.0	19.0
0 to 5 years	6,100	3,175	2,925	6.2	6.6	5.8
18 to 64 years	59,705	29,650	30,055	60.6	61.6	59.8
65 years and over	19,075	8,415	10,660	19.4	17.5	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,600	3,795	4,800	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,115	1,095	1,020	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	730	385	345	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,200	1,975	2,225	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,285	725	1,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.7	7.9	9.6	8.7	7.9	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	10.9	10.7	10.8	10.9	10.7
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.8	12.0	12.1	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.7	7.4	7.0	6.7	7.4
65 years and over (%)	12.0	8.6	14.6	12.0	8.6	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	98,460	48,165	50,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,680	10,095	9,580	20.0	21.0	19.0
0 to 5 years	6,100	3,175	2,925	6.2	6.6	5.8
18 to 64 years	59,705	29,650	30,055	60.6	61.6	59.8
65 years and over	19,075	8,415	10,660	19.4	17.5	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,680	2,265	2,415	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,115	565	545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	405	210	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,955	1,485	1,475	...	...	...
65 years and over	605	215	390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9
65 years and over (%)	3.2	2.6	3.7	3.2	2.6	3.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	98,460	48,160	50,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,705	21,940	24,760	47.4	45.6	49.2
In bottom decile	7,415	3,475	3,940	7.5	7.2	7.8
In second decile	8,735	3,810	4,925	8.9	7.9	9.8
In third decile	9,610	4,500	5,105	9.8	9.3	10.2
In fourth decile	10,150	4,925	5,225	10.3	10.2	10.4
In fifth decile	10,795	5,235	5,560	11.0	10.9	11.1
In top half of the distribution	51,755	26,220	25,535	52.6	54.4	50.8
In sixth decile	11,205	5,585	5,620	11.4	11.6	11.2
In seventh decile	11,170	5,655	5,520	11.3	11.7	11.0
In eighth decile	11,110	5,610	5,495	11.3	11.6	10.9
In ninth decile	10,305	5,270	5,030	10.5	10.9	10.0
In top decile	7,965	4,100	3,870	8.1	8.5	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	98,460	...	...	98,460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	98,840	48,260	50,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	91,480	45,080	46,405	92.6	93.4	91.7
French only	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	6,300	2,705	3,590	6.4	5.6	7.1
Neither English nor French	1,015	445	575	1.0	0.9	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	98,840	48,260	50,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	96,690	47,265	49,430	97.8	97.9	97.7
French	945	465	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	985	425	560	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	98,840	48,260	50,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,875	46,395	48,475	96.0	96.1	95.8
Official languages	71,820	35,525	36,295	72.7	73.6	71.8
English	70,800	35,040	35,760	71.6	72.6	70.7
French	1,015	485	535	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-official languages	23,060	10,870	12,185	23.3	22.5	24.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	75	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	210	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,830	10,795	12,035	23.1	22.4	23.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	555	270	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	510	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	500	235	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	470	220	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,965	2,775	3,195	6.0	5.8	6.3
Bikol	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,425	2,535	2,885	5.5	5.3	5.7
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,835	7,060	7,775	15.0	14.6	15.4
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,850	2,170	2,685	4.9	4.5	5.3
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,845	2,165	2,685	4.9	4.5	5.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,455	655	795	1.5	1.4	1.6
Russian	770	360	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	455	210	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	280	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	1,915	825	1,090	1.9	1.7	2.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,685	1,640	2,045	3.7	3.4	4.0
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,030	1,325	1,705	3.1	2.7	3.4
German	2,975	1,300	1,680	3.0	2.7	3.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	620	295	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	310	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,765	2,050	1,720	3.8	4.2	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,645	1,990	1,655	3.7	4.1	3.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,285	1,790	1,500	3.3	3.7	3.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,450	1,165	1,285	2.5	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	425	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	1,120	540	580	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	840	400	440	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	400	180	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	380	170	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,965	1,860	2,110	4.0	3.9	4.2
English and French	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,225	1,520	1,705	3.3	3.1	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	98,840	48,260	50,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,735	37,275	38,465	76.6	77.2	76.0
French	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	5,045	2,485	2,565	5.1	5.1	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,015	2,475	2,540	5.1	5.1	5.0
English and French	775	340	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	16,280	7,695	8,585	16.5	15.9	17.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	350	150	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	475	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	98,840	48,260	50,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,100	46,460	48,635	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	83,540	40,800	42,735	84.5	84.5	84.5
English	83,325	40,695	42,625	84.3	84.3	84.3
French	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	11,560	5,665	5,895	11.7	11.7	11.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,500	5,650	5,855	11.6	11.7	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	355	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	170	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	320	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,735	1,780	1,960	3.8	3.7	3.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,515	1,675	1,840	3.6	3.5	3.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,560	3,280	3,285	6.6	6.8	6.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,950	920	1,025	2.0	1.9	2.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,950	920	1,025	2.0	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	535	245	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	525	245	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	615	295	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	540	230	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	440	180	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	435	185	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,115	1,685	1,430	3.2	3.5	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	3,035	1,650	1,385	3.1	3.4	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,800	1,525	1,275	2.8	3.2	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	940	430	510	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	400	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	425	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,745	1,795	1,950	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,520	1,690	1,830	3.6	3.5	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	98,840	48,260	50,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,085	41,355	42,735	85.1	85.7	84.5
English	5,235	2,555	2,680	5.3	5.3	5.3
French	680	290	390	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	7,090	3,225	3,870	7.2	6.7	7.7
Indigenous³⁹	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	6,920	3,150	3,775	7.0	6.5	7.5
English and French	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	880	430	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	210	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	620	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	98,895	48,420	50,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	97,925	48,015	49,910	99.0	99.2	98.9
English	97,865	47,975	49,890	99.0	99.1	98.8
French	6,410	2,775	3,635	6.5	5.7	7.2
Non-official languages	30,220	14,210	16,010	30.6	29.3	31.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	350	130	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	335	125	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220	70	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	200	55	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,870	14,075	15,795	30.2	29.1	31.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	965	455	510	1.0	0.9	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	950	445	500	1.0	0.9	1.0
Amharic	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arabic	510	235	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	620	310	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	595	295	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,230	3,805	4,425	8.3	7.9	8.8
Bikol	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	365	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pangasinan	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	8,170	3,775	4,395	8.3	7.8	8.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,750	8,935	9,815	19.0	18.5	19.4
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,140	2,800	3,345	6.2	5.8	6.6
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	6,130	2,795	3,340	6.2	5.8	6.6
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Polish	1,990	960	1,030	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian	1,515	755	760	1.5	1.6	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	545	255	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bosnian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	2,965	1,300	1,665	3.0	2.7	3.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,625	2,085	2,535	4.7	4.3	5.0
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,055	1,800	2,255	4.1	3.7	4.5
German	3,980	1,775	2,205	4.0	3.7	4.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	760	360	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	265	115	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,490	2,460	2,030	4.5	5.1	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,340	2,390	1,950	4.4	4.9	3.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	1,675	900	770	1.7	1.9	1.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,940	2,155	1,785	4.0	4.5	3.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	125	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,030	1,840	2,190	4.1	3.8	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	680	320	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	1,615	735	880	1.6	1.5	1.7
Romanian	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,750	805	945	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	490	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	230	75	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	225	75	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	220	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	520	210	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	365	155	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lao	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,895	48,425	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,975	5,255	5,725	11.1	10.9	11.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,655	5,120	5,535	10.8	10.6	11.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,015	1,865	2,150	4.1	3.9	4.3
Métis	6,575	3,230	3,340	6.6	6.7	6.6
Inuk (Inuit)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	265	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	87,920	43,165	44,750	88.9	89.1	88.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,895	48,425	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,595	1,690	1,905	3.6	3.5	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	95,300	46,730	48,570	96.4	96.5	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,330	...	...	71.8	...	...
Renter	11,105	...	...	28.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,175	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not condominium	37,260	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,310	...	...	13.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,155	...	...	20.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,640	...	...	39.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,085	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,745	...	...	27.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,055	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,970	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,170	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,500	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,405	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,035	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	37,165	...	...	94.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,265	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,640	...	...	21.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,005	...	...	35.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,015	...	...	15.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,355	...	...	8.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,465	...	...	3.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,915	...	...	4.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,465	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,570	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,755	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,680	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,860	...	...	47.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,800	...	...	47.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,780	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	775	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,380	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,695	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,935	...	...	17.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,195	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,860	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,850	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,745	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,425	...	...	82.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,910	...	...	17.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,375	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,105	...	...	25.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,295	...	...	16.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,875	...	...	4.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,185	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,335	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,990	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	34,805	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,295	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.3	...	...	61.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,354	...	...	1,354	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	364,000	...	...	364,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	403,600	...	...	403,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,110	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.8	...	...	38.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.9	...	...	26.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,154	...	...	1,154	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	98,895	48,420	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,150	1,940	2,210	4.2	4.0	4.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,945	1,880	2,060	4.0	3.9	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,475	1,210	1,255	2.5	2.5	2.5
Métis single ancestry	1,430	645	785	1.4	1.3	1.6
Inuit single ancestry	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	205	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	195	65	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,140	3,515	3,620	7.2	7.3	7.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,785	3,365	3,415	6.9	6.9	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,385	1,175	1,205	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,365	2,185	2,185	4.4	4.5	4.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	350	145	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	350	145	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	87,605	42,970	44,640	88.6	88.7	88.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	98,895	48,425	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	91,560	44,620	46,940	92.6	92.1	93.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,790	9,695	9,090	19.0	20.0	18.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	72,770	34,920	37,850	73.6	72.1	75.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,335	3,805	3,535	7.4	7.9	7.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	98,895	48,425	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	75,370	37,140	38,225	76.2	76.7	75.7
Immigrants⁸¹	22,270	10,560	11,715	22.5	21.8	23.2
Before 1980	5,380	2,395	2,985	5.4	4.9	5.9
1980 to 1990	2,270	1,175	1,095	2.3	2.4	2.2
1991 to 2000	2,080	900	1,180	2.1	1.9	2.3
2001 to 2010	5,260	2,530	2,730	5.3	5.2	5.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,275	3,555	3,725	7.4	7.3	7.4
2011 to 2015	3,900	1,835	2,065	3.9	3.8	4.1
2016 to 2021	3,375	1,715	1,660	3.4	3.5	3.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,255	720	530	1.3	1.5	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,270	10,560	11,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,475	1,215	1,260	11.1	11.5	10.8
5 to 14 years	4,280	2,130	2,150	19.2	20.2	18.4
15 to 24 years	4,575	2,185	2,385	20.5	20.7	20.4
25 to 44 years	9,390	4,345	5,045	42.2	41.1	43.1
45 years and over	1,560	685	875	7.0	6.5	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,270	10,560	11,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,305	980	1,325	10.4	9.3	11.3
Brazil	125	55	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
El Salvador	255	120	135	1.1	1.1	1.2
Guyana	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	205	85	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mexico	150	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Peru	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	120	45	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
United States of America	360	125	235	1.6	1.2	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	945	410	540	4.2	3.9	4.6
Europe	7,055	3,320	3,735	31.7	31.4	31.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatia	185	75	110	0.8	0.7	0.9
France	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germany	745	340	405	3.3	3.2	3.5
Greece	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italy	350	185	170	1.6	1.8	1.5
Netherlands	215	95	120	1.0	0.9	1.0
Poland	1,270	580	690	5.7	5.5	5.9
Portugal	820	385	430	3.7	3.6	3.7
Romania	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Russian Federation	310	120	185	1.4	1.1	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	1,355	680	680	6.1	6.4	5.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	850	405	450	3.8	3.8	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	495	240	255	2.2	2.3	2.2
Africa	1,030	545	485	4.6	5.2	4.1
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	60	40	0.4	0.6	0.3
Egypt	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	120	50	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ethiopia	90	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	180	95	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	400	210	190	1.8	2.0	1.6
Asia	11,815	5,685	6,135	53.1	53.8	52.4
Afghanistan	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	125	45	75	0.6	0.4	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	45	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	7,750	3,615	4,135	34.8	34.2	35.3
Viet Nam	445	220	220	2.0	2.1	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	2,455	1,290	1,160	11.0	12.2	9.9
Pakistan	125	65	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	480	240	240	2.2	2.3	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,370	1,715	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	100	135	7.0	5.8	8.1
Brazil	80	30	40	2.4	1.7	2.4
Colombia	35	20	20	1.0	1.2	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Mexico	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	45	20	30	1.3	1.2	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	15	40	1.5	0.9	2.4
Europe	455	225	225	13.5	13.1	13.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	20	20	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ukraine	250	135	115	7.4	7.9	6.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	120	55	65	3.6	3.2	3.9
Africa	230	140	95	6.8	8.2	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.9
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	120	75	45	3.6	4.4	2.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	20	1.3	1.5	1.2
Asia	2,440	1,245	1,195	72.4	72.6	72.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	30	1.3	0.9	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.6
India	915	530	390	27.2	30.9	23.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	15	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Philippines	1,135	535	595	33.7	31.2	35.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	45	75	3.4	2.6	4.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	0	0.6	0.6	0.0
Viet Nam	30	15	20	0.9	0.9	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	60	30	30	1.8	1.7	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	98,895	48,420	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,135	11,605	12,525	24.4	24.0	24.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,075	10,175	10,905	21.3	21.0	21.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	53,685	26,640	27,040	54.3	55.0	53.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,890	8,165	8,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,800	5,410	5,385	63.9	66.3	61.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,275	2,475	1,800	25.3	30.3	20.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,520	2,935	3,585	38.6	35.9	41.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,130	1,765	2,370	24.5	21.6	27.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,895	965	935	11.2	11.8	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,890	8,165	8,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	180	100	75	1.1	1.2	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	970	500	470	5.7	6.1	5.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	190	85	105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	565	350	215	3.3	4.3	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,940	7,105	7,830	88.5	87.0	89.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	98,895	48,420	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	22,600	11,235	11,360	22.9	23.2	22.5
South Asian	4,725	2,585	2,140	4.8	5.3	4.2
Chinese	595	290	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	2,450	1,245	1,200	2.5	2.6	2.4
Filipino	10,975	5,325	5,650	11.1	11.0	11.2
Arab	355	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	1,045	485	555	1.1	1.0	1.1
Southeast Asian	975	470	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
West Asian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	875	375	500	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,295	37,185	39,115	77.1	76.8	77.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	98,895	48,425	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,450	3,825	3,625	7.5	7.9	7.2
English	14,115	6,845	7,270	14.3	14.1	14.4
Irish	9,640	4,560	5,080	9.7	9.4	10.1
Scottish	12,425	5,700	6,720	12.6	11.8	13.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,050	3,290	3,765	7.1	6.8	7.5
German	15,755	7,645	8,105	15.9	15.8	16.1
Chinese	1,325	610	715	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italian	2,730	1,380	1,350	2.8	2.8	2.7
Indian (India)	2,665	1,470	1,190	2.7	3.0	2.4
Ukrainian	20,530	10,125	10,405	20.8	20.9	20.6
Dutch	3,720	1,860	1,860	3.8	3.8	3.7
Polish	10,840	5,320	5,525	11.0	11.0	10.9
Québécois	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,330	1,150	1,175	2.4	2.4	2.3
Filipino	10,540	5,060	5,480	10.7	10.4	10.9
French Canadian	755	325	430	0.8	0.7	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	905	450	455	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,265	1,110	1,155	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis	6,340	3,035	3,305	6.4	6.3	6.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	970	440	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
Russian	3,730	1,840	1,895	3.8	3.8	3.8
Norwegian	1,290	560	730	1.3	1.2	1.4
Welsh	1,120	595	525	1.1	1.2	1.0
Portuguese	2,660	1,305	1,350	2.7	2.7	2.7
American	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,120	525	595	1.1	1.1	1.2
Swedish	1,580	760	820	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hungarian	1,225	630	595	1.2	1.3	1.2
Acadian	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	235	125	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	470	250	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	1,200	600	605	1.2	1.2	1.2
Punjabi	1,350	750	600	1.4	1.5	1.2
Vietnamese	790	360	430	0.8	0.7	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	415	230	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	955	500	450	1.0	1.0	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,145	505	640	1.2	1.0	1.3
Korean	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	480	210	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	180	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	605	280	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	620	335	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	995	485	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Austrian	1,300	565	730	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belgian	1,120	540	585	1.1	1.1	1.2
Haitian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	3,070	1,545	1,525	3.1	3.2	3.0
Swiss	265	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finnish	360	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	715	360	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	320	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	45	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	260	105	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	2,300	1,160	1,140	2.3	2.4	2.3
Colombian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	500	235	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	915	400	520	0.9	0.8	1.0
Newfoundlander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	270	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	350	170	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	270	115	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
African Caribbean	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	135	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	355	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	70	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	360	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	340	175	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	98,895	48,420	50,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	455	215	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	58,405	27,105	31,295	59.1	56.0	62.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,895	4,785	5,110	10.0	9.9	10.1
Anabaptist	2,765	1,270	1,495	2.8	2.6	3.0
Anglican	2,585	1,145	1,435	2.6	2.4	2.8
Baptist	920	430	490	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	28,245	13,195	15,050	28.6	27.3	29.8
Christian Orthodox	1,560	760	805	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	365	155	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	2,895	1,350	1,545	2.9	2.8	3.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,135	550	580	1.1	1.1	1.1
Presbyterian	340	115	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	400	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	3,985	1,575	2,405	4.0	3.3	4.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,135	1,490	1,645	3.2	3.1	3.3
Hindu	580	310	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	1,075	530	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Muslim	875	450	425	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sikh	3,545	1,930	1,615	3.6	4.0	3.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	545	250	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	340	130	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	33,065	17,495	15,570	33.4	36.1	30.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	97,975	47,940	50,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,670	42,440	44,230	88.5	88.5	88.4
Movers	11,310	5,500	5,810	11.5	11.5	11.6
Non-migrants	8,410	4,085	4,325	8.6	8.5	8.6
Migrants	2,900	1,415	1,485	3.0	3.0	3.0
Internal migrants	2,455	1,190	1,260	2.5	2.5	2.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,615	755	860	1.6	1.6	1.7
Interprovincial migrants	845	440	405	0.9	0.9	0.8
External migrants	445	220	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,930	45,840	48,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,045	29,810	31,230	65.0	65.0	64.9
Movers	32,885	16,035	16,855	35.0	35.0	35.1
Non-migrants	19,515	9,390	10,125	20.8	20.5	21.1
Migrants	13,375	6,640	6,735	14.2	14.5	14.0
Internal migrants	9,755	4,720	5,035	10.4	10.3	10.5
Intraprovincial migrants	7,950	3,830	4,125	8.5	8.4	8.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,800	890	910	1.9	1.9	1.9
External migrants	3,620	1,925	1,700	3.9	4.2	3.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,440	39,845	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,810	7,020	6,790	16.8	17.6	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,625	32,825	35,800	83.2	82.4	84.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,470	25,215	26,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,735	2,860	1,875	9.2	11.3	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,735	22,350	24,375	90.8	88.6	92.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,440	39,845	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,235	6,045	6,185	14.8	15.2	14.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,960	12,970	12,980	31.5	32.6	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,245	20,830	23,420	53.7	52.3	55.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,715	11,945	11,775	28.8	30.0	27.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,740	4,225	1,515	7.0	10.6	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,675	1,610	1,065	3.2	4.0	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,065	2,615	455	3.7	6.6	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,560	6,735	8,830	18.9	16.9	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,420	990	1,430	2.9	2.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,530	8,885	11,645	24.9	22.3	27.3
Bachelor's degree	15,345	6,500	8,840	18.6	16.3	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,755	730	1,030	2.1	1.8	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	195	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	2,745	1,275	1,470	3.3	3.2	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	175	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,465	25,220	26,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,070	2,450	1,615	7.9	9.7	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,535	7,765	6,775	28.2	30.8	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,860	14,995	17,860	63.8	59.5	68.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,520	8,185	8,335	32.1	32.5	31.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,680	2,750	925	7.2	10.9	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,710	1,045	660	3.3	4.1	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,970	1,710	265	3.8	6.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,185	4,765	6,420	21.7	18.9	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,655	670	990	3.2	2.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,340	6,810	9,525	31.7	27.0	36.3
Bachelor's degree	12,360	5,190	7,175	24.0	20.6	27.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,280	490	795	2.5	1.9	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	125	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,155	885	1,275	4.2	3.5	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	250	120	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	82,440	39,850	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,185	19,020	19,170	46.3	47.7	45.0
Education	4,040	1,080	2,960	4.9	2.7	6.9
13. Education	4,040	1,080	2,960	4.9	2.7	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	515	505	1.2	1.3	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	110	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	905	405	500	1.1	1.0	1.2
Humanities	1,975	810	1,165	2.4	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	20	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	270	75	200	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	750	300	445	0.9	0.8	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	355	185	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	250	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,135	1,380	2,755	5.0	3.5	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	50	850	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	650	210	440	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	685	195	495	0.8	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,420	705	710	1.7	1.8	1.7
Business, management and public administration	9,660	3,910	5,750	11.7	9.8	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	860	195	660	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,775	3,705	5,065	10.6	9.3	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	765	835	1.9	1.9	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	250	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	540	250	290	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	320	225	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,150	1,340	805	2.6	3.4	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,860	1,215	650	2.3	3.0	1.5
25. Library science	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,760	8,025	740	10.6	20.1	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	220	145	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,720	1,390	335	2.1	3.5	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,245	2,010	235	2.7	5.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,040	2,020	25	2.5	5.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,680	1,655	25	2.0	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	860	805	55	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	650	360	290	0.8	0.9	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	250	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	115	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	8,115	1,600	6,510	9.8	4.0	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	175	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,515	1,365	6,150	9.1	3.4	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,135	1,035	1,100	2.6	2.6	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,220	305	910	1.5	0.8	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	475	320	155	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	410	30	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,470	25,215	26,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,610	10,215	8,385	36.2	40.5	31.9
Education	2,775	690	2,085	5.4	2.7	7.9
13. Education	2,775	690	2,085	5.4	2.7	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	720	360	360	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	670	310	360	1.3	1.2	1.4
Humanities	1,325	480	845	2.6	1.9	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	15	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	180	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	200	360	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,250	1,065	2,185	6.3	4.2	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	115	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	40	650	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	525	145	380	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	490	135	355	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,155	585	570	2.2	2.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	7,290	2,905	4,380	14.2	11.5	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	655	125	525	1.3	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,610	2,780	3,835	12.8	11.0	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,135	480	655	2.2	1.9	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	435	160	275	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	175	210	0.7	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	210	125	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,735	1,055	675	3.4	4.2	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,545	980	560	3.0	3.9	2.1
25. Library science	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	55	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,360	5,735	625	12.4	22.7	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	150	95	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,480	1,170	300	2.9	4.6	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,595	1,415	180	3.1	5.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,415	1,390	20	2.7	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,185	1,170	20	2.3	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	540	490	45	1.0	1.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	245	225	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	170	170	0.7	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	80	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,340	1,270	5,070	12.3	5.0	19.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	125	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,895	1,105	4,790	11.5	4.4	18.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,455	705	750	2.8	2.8	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	190	600	1.6	0.8	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	235	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	295	275	25	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,470	25,215	26,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,610	10,215	8,385	36.2	40.5	31.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,860	15,000	17,865	63.8	59.5	68.0
Location of study inside Canada	26,095	11,860	14,235	50.7	47.0	54.2
Same as province or territory of residence	23,775	10,625	13,150	46.2	42.1	50.1
Different than province or territory of residence	2,315	1,230	1,085	4.5	4.9	4.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,765	3,140	3,625	13.1	12.5	13.8
Americas	740	325	410	1.4	1.3	1.6
United States of America	480	235	250	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mexico	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	110	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,125	595	530	2.2	2.4	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	115	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	130	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	505	260	240	1.0	1.0	0.9
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	195	105	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	80	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	4,690	2,100	2,585	9.1	8.3	9.8
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	3,140	1,350	1,790	6.1	5.4	6.8
Viet Nam	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,235	615	615	2.4	2.4	2.3
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	82,440	39,850	42,595	...	...	...
In the labour force	52,820	27,375	25,440	...	...	...
Employed	48,775	25,280	23,490	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,040	2,090	1,950	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,620	12,470	17,150	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.1	68.7	59.7	64.1	68.7	59.7
Employment rate	59.2	63.4	55.1	59.2	63.4	55.1
Unemployment rate	7.6	7.6	7.7	7.6	7.6	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	82,440	39,850	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,440	12,420	17,020	35.7	31.2	40.0
Worked	53,000	27,425	25,575	64.3	68.8	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,400	17,075	13,325	36.9	42.8	31.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,600	10,350	12,250	27.4	26.0	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.2	41.3	42.3	43.2	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	52,815	27,380	25,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	520	550	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,750	26,860	24,895	98.0	98.1	97.9
Employee	46,035	23,180	22,860	87.2	84.7	89.9
Permanent position	39,350	20,075	19,275	74.5	73.3	75.8
Temporary position	6,690	3,105	3,585	12.7	11.3	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,030	870	1,155	3.8	3.2	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,660	2,235	2,425	8.8	8.2	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,710	3,680	2,030	10.8	13.4	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	52,815	27,380	25,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	520	550	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,750	26,860	24,895	98.0	98.1	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	675	440	245	1.3	1.6	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,645	2,800	6,840	18.3	10.2	26.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,390	2,615	775	6.4	9.6	3.0
3 Health occupations	4,660	1,085	3,570	8.8	4.0	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,365	2,575	4,790	13.9	9.4	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,060	455	605	2.0	1.7	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,830	5,180	6,650	22.4	18.9	26.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,925	9,290	635	18.8	33.9	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	735	585	150	1.4	2.1	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,475	1,835	635	4.7	6.7	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	52,815	27,380	25,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	520	550	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	51,750	26,860	24,895	98.0	98.1	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	185	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	595	420	175	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	4,730	4,145	590	9.0	15.1	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	4,530	3,320	1,200	8.6	12.1	4.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,770	1,250	520	3.4	4.6	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	5,500	2,695	2,800	10.4	9.8	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,435	2,785	650	6.5	10.2	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	690	415	275	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,390	920	1,465	4.5	3.4	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	900	440	460	1.7	1.6	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,585	1,370	1,215	4.9	5.0	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,065	1,135	930	3.9	4.1	3.7
61 Educational services	4,600	1,400	3,200	8.7	5.1	12.6
62 Health care and social assistance	8,120	1,725	6,395	15.4	6.3	25.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	975	520	455	1.8	1.9	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,360	900	1,465	4.5	3.3	5.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,055	1,045	1,010	3.9	3.8	4.0
91 Public administration	3,910	2,040	1,870	7.4	7.5	7.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,275	28,980	27,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	53,805	27,920	25,885	95.6	96.3	94.8
French	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	630	190	445	1.1	0.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,545	765	780	2.7	2.6	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,275	28,980	27,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,970	28,860	27,115	99.5	99.6	99.3
Official languages	55,645	28,680	26,960	98.9	99.0	98.8
English	55,400	28,625	26,780	98.4	98.8	98.1
French	240	55	185	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	330	175	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	170	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	135	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	110	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	305	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and French	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	245	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,275	28,980	27,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,340	28,110	26,225	96.6	97.0	96.1
English	280	130	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	445	125	320	0.8	0.4	1.2
Non-official language	1,070	525	545	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,010	500	515	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,770	25,285	23,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,355	3,840	4,510	17.1	15.2	19.2
Worked outside Canada	110	95	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,025	4,690	1,335	12.4	18.5	5.7
Usual place of work	34,290	16,650	17,640	70.3	65.8	75.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,290	16,650	17,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,010	11,640	13,360	72.9	69.9	75.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	430	230	200	1.3	1.4	1.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,635	4,630	4,000	25.2	27.8	22.7
Commute to a different province or territory	215	140	80	0.6	0.8	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,310	21,340	18,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,150	19,525	16,625	89.7	91.5	87.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,855	18,590	14,265	81.5	87.1	75.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,300	940	2,360	8.2	4.4	12.4
Public transit	2,180	835	1,345	5.4	3.9	7.1
Walked	1,055	470	585	2.6	2.2	3.1
Bicycle	235	170	70	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	690	345	345	1.7	1.6	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,310	21,340	18,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,160	3,945	5,215	22.7	18.5	27.5
15 to 29 minutes	19,190	10,300	8,890	47.6	48.3	46.9
30 to 44 minutes	9,030	5,385	3,645	22.4	25.2	19.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,690	940	750	4.2	4.4	4.0
60 minutes and over	1,235	770	465	3.1	3.6	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,310	21,340	18,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,120	1,570	545	5.3	7.4	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,495	4,810	2,690	18.6	22.5	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,570	5,930	5,640	28.7	27.8	29.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,810	3,885	4,925	21.9	18.2	26.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,065	1,910	2,160	10.1	9.0	11.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,250	3,245	3,015	15.5	15.2	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,070	10,295	9,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,865	955	910	9.3	9.3	9.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,200	9,340	8,860	90.7	90.7	90.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,695	7,520	7,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,480	755	725	10.1	10.0	10.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	875	435	440	6.0	5.8	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	605	320	285	4.1	4.3	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,215	6,760	6,450	89.9	89.9	89.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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