Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Courtenay--AlberniMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	125,116	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,647	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	62,402	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,910	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,899.15	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	125,115	60,470	64,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,455	7,830	7,625	12.4	12.9	11.8
0 to 4 years	4,415	2,225	2,185	3.5	3.7	3.4
5 to 9 years	5,525	2,780	2,750	4.4	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	5,515	2,820	2,695	4.4	4.7	4.2
15 to 64 years	69,185	33,455	35,730	55.3	55.3	55.3
15 to 19 years	5,060	2,665	2,395	4.0	4.4	3.7
20 to 24 years	4,485	2,305	2,185	3.6	3.8	3.4
25 to 29 years	5,405	2,710	2,695	4.3	4.5	4.2
30 to 34 years	6,240	3,050	3,185	5.0	5.0	4.9
35 to 39 years	6,910	3,325	3,585	5.5	5.5	5.5
40 to 44 years	6,655	3,260	3,390	5.3	5.4	5.2
45 to 49 years	6,565	3,225	3,340	5.2	5.3	5.2
50 to 54 years	6,950	3,255	3,695	5.6	5.4	5.7
55 to 59 years	9,390	4,315	5,080	7.5	7.1	7.9
60 to 64 years	11,515	5,345	6,170	9.2	8.8	9.5
65 years and over	40,480	19,190	21,285	32.4	31.7	32.9
65 to 69 years	11,985	5,515	6,470	9.6	9.1	10.0
70 to 74 years	11,480	5,560	5,920	9.2	9.2	9.2
75 to 79 years	7,895	3,865	4,030	6.3	6.4	6.2
80 to 84 years	4,770	2,325	2,445	3.8	3.8	3.8
85 years and over	4,345	1,925	2,420	3.5	3.2	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,835	1,330	1,500	2.3	2.2	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,170	500	670	0.9	0.8	1.0
95 to 99 years	305	85	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4	12.9	11.8	12.4	12.9	11.8
15 to 64 years	55.3	55.3	55.3	55.3	55.3	55.3
65 years and over	32.4	31.7	32.9	32.4	31.7	32.9
85 years and over	3.5	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.7
Average age of the population	49.4	48.6	50.0	49.4	48.6	50.0
Median age of the population	54.0	52.8	55.2	54.0	52.8	55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	39,495	...	...	69.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,610	...	...	6.3	...	...
Row house	3,055	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,750	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,880	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,695	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,450	...	...	30.7	...	...
2 persons	25,155	...	...	44.2	...	...
3 persons	6,775	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	4,920	...	...	8.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,610	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,365	59,200	63,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	109,665	52,645	57,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,620	33,235	33,385	60.7	63.1	58.6
Married	52,710	26,320	26,390	48.1	50.0	46.3
Living common-law	13,910	6,915	6,995	12.7	13.1	12.3
Living common law - Never married	8,910	4,475	4,440	8.1	8.5	7.8
Living common law - Separated	555	295	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,930	1,935	1,995	3.6	3.7	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	515	220	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	43,040	19,405	23,630	39.2	36.9	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,135	12,590	10,540	21.1	23.9	18.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,060	1,320	1,745	2.8	2.5	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,280	3,720	5,565	8.5	7.1	9.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,565	1,780	5,790	6.9	3.4	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	25,695	...	...	67.9	...	...
3 persons	6,130	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	4,425	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,620	...	...	4.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,510	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	25,565	...	...	67.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,045	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	17,520	...	...	46.3	...	...
Common-law couples	6,945	...	...	18.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,260	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	4,685	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,355	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,045	...	...	10.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,310	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	122,365	59,200	63,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,150	47,450	48,695	78.6	80.2	77.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,015	32,415	32,600	53.1	54.8	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,360	1,315	4,045	4.4	2.2	6.4
Children⁶	25,775	13,720	12,055	21.1	23.2	19.1
In a two-parent family	17,930	9,430	8,495	14.7	15.9	13.4
In a one-parent family	7,845	4,290	3,560	6.4	7.2	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,220	11,745	14,465	21.4	19.8	22.9
Living alone	17,450	7,365	10,085	14.3	12.4	16.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,490	1,000	1,490	2.0	1.7	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	6,275	3,385	2,895	5.1	5.7	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,685	...	...	59.2	...	...
Couple-family households	29,645	...	...	52.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,145	...	...	16.1	...	...
Without children	20,505	...	...	36.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,045	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,070	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	365	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,835	...	...	3.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,505	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	17,450	...	...	30.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,960	51,385	55,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,790	50,340	54,445	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	34,000	38,000	44,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,835	50,370	54,470	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,600	35,200	40,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,435	45,535	47,900	87.4	88.6	86.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	35,600	23,600	29,000	35,600	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,440	31,265	31,175	58.4	60.8	56.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	35,600	25,400	29,800	35,600	25,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,040	42,860	49,180	86.1	83.4	88.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	14,300	13,600	13,900	14,300	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,490	4,765	4,730	8.9	9.3	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,360	5,480	5,520	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,515	11,405	13,110	22.9	22.2	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	107,010	51,400	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,785	50,335	54,445	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,760	55,350	40,760	47,760	55,350	40,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,825	50,355	54,465	98.0	98.0	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400	47,080	36,200	41,400	47,080	36,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,350	45,610	47,745	87.2	88.7	85.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	49,000	32,680	40,640	49,000	32,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,460	31,495	30,970	58.4	61.3	55.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840	48,000	33,560	40,840	48,000	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,995	42,900	49,095	86.0	83.5	88.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,140	12,820	13,440	13,140	12,820	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,605	4,740	4,865	9.0	9.2	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,395	6,450	6,345	6,395	6,450	6,345
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,535	11,340	13,200	22.9	22.1	23.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,030	8,660	9,340	9,030	8,660	9,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	107,010	51,405	55,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,345	13,055	10,290	21.8	25.4	18.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	63,600	52,400	58,000	63,600	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	74,100	57,750	66,900	74,100	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,980	13,330	15,650	27.1	25.9	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,200	17,000	19,200	22,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	34,800	23,940	28,960	34,800	23,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.8	80.2	70.2	75.8	80.2	70.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.0	54.3	46.8	51.0	54.3	46.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.2	19.8	29.7	24.2	19.8	29.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.5	7.2	5.7	4.5	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.5	5.6	4.4	3.5	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,960	51,390	55,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,170	1,045	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.0
With total income	104,790	50,345	54,450	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,595	3,120	4,475	7.2	6.2	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	13,495	5,105	8,390	12.9	10.1	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	18,400	7,635	10,765	17.6	15.2	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,580	6,870	8,715	14.9	13.6	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	12,850	6,000	6,845	12.3	11.9	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,910	4,935	4,975	9.5	9.8	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,330	4,080	3,245	7.0	8.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,430	3,225	2,210	5.2	6.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,805	2,385	1,415	3.6	4.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	1,705	1,010	2.6	3.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,690	5,290	2,400	7.3	10.5	4.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,430	3,600	1,835	5.2	7.2	3.4
$150,000 and over	2,255	1,690	565	2.2	3.4	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,960	51,390	55,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,120	1,015	1,100	2.0	2.0	2.0
With after-tax income	104,840	50,370	54,465	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,200	3,275	4,925	7.8	6.5	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	14,070	5,340	8,725	13.4	10.6	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	20,555	8,590	11,965	19.6	17.1	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	17,655	7,935	9,720	16.8	15.8	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,955	6,840	7,120	13.3	13.6	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,065	5,410	4,655	9.6	10.7	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,970	4,145	2,830	6.6	8.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,470	2,790	1,685	4.3	5.5	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	1,880	1,085	2.8	3.7	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,190	615	1.7	2.4	1.1
$100,000 and over	4,140	2,975	1,160	3.9	5.9	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,250	1,570	685	2.1	3.1	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,885	1,410	480	1.8	2.8	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,960	51,390	55,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	44,520	20,125	24,395	41.6	39.2	43.9
With employment income	62,435	31,260	31,180	58.4	60.8	56.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,375	5,445	5,930	18.2	17.4	19.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,425	2,250	3,180	8.7	7.2	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,885	3,410	4,475	12.6	10.9	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,665	2,900	3,765	10.7	9.3	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,090	2,750	3,345	9.8	8.8	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,340	2,500	2,840	8.6	8.0	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,535	2,255	2,280	7.3	7.2	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,670	2,165	1,505	5.9	6.9	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,860	1,800	1,065	4.6	5.8	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,200	1,365	835	3.5	4.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,710	1,035	675	2.7	3.3	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,680	3,390	1,285	7.5	10.8	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,340	1,570	775	3.7	5.0	2.5
$125,000 and over	2,335	1,820	515	3.7	5.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,960	51,385	55,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,840	49,285	53,555	96.1	95.9	96.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	31,000	36,000	43,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,050	49,315	53,735	96.3	96.0	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	28,400	32,800	38,800	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,245	45,305	47,935	87.2	88.2	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	38,000	25,000	30,600	38,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,530	34,395	34,130	64.1	66.9	61.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	33,600	24,200	28,200	33,600	24,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,680	35,250	43,435	73.6	68.6	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,800	13,200	11,000	11,800	13,200	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,760	3,990	3,770	7.3	7.8	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,360	5,440	5,400	5,360	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	107,010	51,400	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,945	49,350	53,595	96.2	96.0	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	54,100	38,360	45,920	54,100	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,140	49,375	53,770	96.4	96.1	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	45,680	33,480	39,320	45,680	33,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,240	45,320	47,915	87.1	88.2	86.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	50,240	33,280	41,520	50,240	33,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,540	34,535	34,005	64.1	67.2	61.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	45,720	31,880	38,840	45,720	31,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,415	35,220	43,195	73.3	68.5	77.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,900	11,170	10,670	10,900	11,170	10,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,625	3,910	3,715	7.1	7.6	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,580	6,950	6,760	6,580	6,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	107,010	51,405	55,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,215	12,990	10,225	21.7	25.3	18.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,000	48,400	54,000	60,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,700	70,300	53,050	62,700	70,300	53,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,785	12,655	15,130	26.0	24.6	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,400	22,000	24,800	29,400	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,560	41,960	28,360	34,560	41,960	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	85.2	77.6	82.0	85.2	77.6
Employment income (%)	56.3	59.1	52.7	56.3	59.1	52.7
Government transfers (%)	18.1	14.7	22.4	18.1	14.7	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...	47,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,160	...	...	41,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	475	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	470	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,375	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,895	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,190	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,195	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,675	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,650	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,535	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,930	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,690	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,910	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,320	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,045	...	...	31.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,535	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,325	...	...	7.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,930	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	565	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,435	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,015	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,460	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,610	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,910	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,960	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,860	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,630	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,370	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,685	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,180	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,550	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,905	...	...	24.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,080	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,505	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,320	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,725	10,750	12,975	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800	35,200	36,000	36,800	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,000	32,800	33,200	34,000	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,800	...	...	84,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...	114,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,610	10,490	13,120	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,240	46,760	42,200	44,240	46,760	42,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,920	40,480	37,680	38,920	40,480	37,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	122,360	59,195	63,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,520	9,440	9,080	15.1	15.9	14.4
0 to 5 years	5,485	2,765	2,720	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	65,060	31,225	33,835	53.2	52.7	53.6
65 years and over	38,785	18,535	20,250	31.7	31.3	32.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,675	6,630	8,040	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,690	1,360	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	420	395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,170	3,355	3,815	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,820	1,915	2,900	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.2	12.7	12.0	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.4	14.6	14.5	14.4	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	15.2	14.5	14.8	15.2	14.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	10.8	11.3	11.0	10.8	11.3
65 years and over (%)	12.4	10.3	14.3	12.4	10.3	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	120,025	58,025	62,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,810	9,055	8,755	14.8	15.6	14.1
0 to 5 years	5,270	2,650	2,620	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	63,705	30,560	33,145	53.1	52.7	53.5
65 years and over	38,515	18,410	20,105	32.1	31.7	32.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,680	1,845	1,840	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	640	335	300	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	95	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,550	1,295	1,255	...	...	...
65 years and over	490	210	280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.5	2.7	3.1	3.5	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	122,360	59,195	63,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,995	32,035	35,960	55.6	54.1	56.9
In bottom decile	13,535	6,310	7,225	11.1	10.7	11.4
In second decile	13,995	6,390	7,610	11.4	10.8	12.0
In third decile	13,595	6,340	7,255	11.1	10.7	11.5
In fourth decile	13,575	6,540	7,035	11.1	11.0	11.1
In fifth decile	13,295	6,460	6,830	10.9	10.9	10.8
In top half of the distribution	54,365	27,160	27,205	44.4	45.9	43.1
In sixth decile	12,770	6,225	6,540	10.4	10.5	10.4
In seventh decile	12,120	5,990	6,125	9.9	10.1	9.7
In eighth decile	11,000	5,540	5,465	9.0	9.4	8.7
In ninth decile	10,220	5,200	5,020	8.4	8.8	7.9
In top decile	8,255	4,195	4,060	6.7	7.1	6.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	122,365	...	...	122,365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	123,930	60,030	63,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	114,805	56,005	58,805	92.6	93.3	92.0
French only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,780	3,880	4,895	7.1	6.5	7.7
Neither English nor French	315	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	123,930	60,030	63,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	121,575	58,950	62,630	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,990	930	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	270	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	123,930	60,030	63,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	122,195	59,225	62,960	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	113,830	55,455	58,375	91.9	92.4	91.4
English	111,650	54,450	57,200	90.1	90.7	89.5
French	2,175	1,005	1,170	1.8	1.7	1.8
Non-official languages	8,365	3,775	4,585	6.7	6.3	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	195	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,130	3,675	4,455	6.6	6.1	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	600	200	400	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	165	315	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,550	2,570	2,980	4.5	4.3	4.7
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	395	535	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	900	380	520	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,975	1,360	1,615	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,690	755	940	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	1,625	715	905	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	915	440	480	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	775	375	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	200	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	650	330	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	585	300	285	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	400	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	920	435	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	350	205	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	405	160	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	55	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	595	230	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	580	220	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,740	800	935	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	475	570	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	123,930	60,030	63,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	115,895	56,465	59,430	93.5	94.1	93.0
French	350	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	1,165	560	610	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,150	555	600	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,275	555	720	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,925	2,135	2,785	4.0	3.6	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	100	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	123,930	60,030	63,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,040	59,630	63,410	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	120,805	58,585	62,220	97.5	97.6	97.4
English	120,295	58,350	61,945	97.1	97.2	96.9
French	515	235	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	2,235	1,045	1,190	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,210	1,040	1,175	1.8	1.7	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	80	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,000	470	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	340	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	895	400	490	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	700	320	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	123,935	60,030	63,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	118,170	57,525	60,645	95.3	95.8	94.9
English	1,010	465	550	0.8	0.8	0.9
French	985	420	560	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	3,195	1,355	1,840	2.6	2.3	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,950	1,250	1,695	2.4	2.1	2.7
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	290	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	122,395	59,205	63,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	122,135	59,105	63,030	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	122,110	59,095	63,015	99.8	99.8	99.7
French	8,705	3,805	4,895	7.1	6.4	7.7
Non-official languages	13,410	5,950	7,460	11.0	10.0	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	690	290	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	570	250	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	520	230	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,760	5,670	7,090	10.4	9.6	11.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	355	205	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	205	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	940	340	605	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	810	285	525	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,330	4,225	5,110	7.6	7.1	8.1
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,165	535	630	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,140	530	610	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	120	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	285	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,095	1,855	2,240	3.3	3.1	3.5
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,700	1,220	1,475	2.2	2.1	2.3
German	2,635	1,180	1,460	2.2	2.0	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,145	550	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	835	400	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	375	165	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	915	455	465	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	805	395	405	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	415	225	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	550	250	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,470	1,865	2.7	2.5	3.0
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	600	265	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	280	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,570	1,145	1,420	2.1	1.9	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	350	130	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	370	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	60	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	175	55	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	750	310	440	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	745	310	435	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	415	160	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	400	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,395	59,205	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,625	5,395	6,230	9.5	9.1	9.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,325	5,260	6,065	9.3	8.9	9.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,600	3,530	4,070	6.2	6.0	6.4
Métis	3,655	1,700	1,955	3.0	2.9	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,770	53,810	56,955	90.5	90.9	90.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,395	59,205	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,810	2,735	3,070	4.7	4.6	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,585	56,470	60,115	95.3	95.4	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,535	...	...	76.5	...	...
Renter	13,135	...	...	23.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	250	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,325	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not condominium	50,590	...	...	88.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,600	...	...	9.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,720	...	...	31.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,460	...	...	39.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,755	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,445	...	...	25.4	...	...
5 rooms	10,865	...	...	19.1	...	...
6 rooms	10,015	...	...	17.6	...	...
7 rooms	7,280	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,315	...	...	25.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	56,360	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	550	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	55,155	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,755	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,655	...	...	13.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,550	...	...	25.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,685	...	...	13.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,270	...	...	19.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,895	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,575	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,995	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,300	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,455	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,460	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,750	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,990	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,175	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	960	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,810	...	...	8.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,945	...	...	12.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,440	...	...	13.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,035	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,875	...	...	24.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,065	...	...	14.2	...	...
85 years and over	2,785	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	55,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,580	...	...	79.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,285	...	...	20.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,245	...	...	18.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,225	...	...	26.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,200	...	...	17.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,345	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,430	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	835	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,695	...	...	73.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	54,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,305	...	...	9.7	...	...
Not in core need	49,520	...	...	90.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.3	...	...	49.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,161	...	...	1,161	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	670,000	...	...	670,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.1	...	...	40.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,199	...	...	1,199	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	250	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	556	...	...	556	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	532	...	...	532	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	122,390	59,210	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,370	2,565	2,800	4.4	4.3	4.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,335	2,555	2,785	4.4	4.3	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,555	2,195	2,360	3.7	3.7	3.7
Métis single ancestry	745	345	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,880	3,170	3,715	5.6	5.4	5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,680	3,070	3,605	5.5	5.2	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,545	2,055	2,490	3.7	3.5	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,090	1,000	1,090	1.7	1.7	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,145	53,470	56,675	90.0	90.3	89.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	122,390	59,210	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	118,330	57,410	60,920	96.7	97.0	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,215	9,365	8,850	14.9	15.8	14.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	100,120	48,050	52,070	81.8	81.2	82.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,065	1,795	2,265	3.3	3.0	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	122,390	59,210	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105,020	51,145	53,875	85.8	86.4	85.3
Immigrants⁸¹	16,540	7,700	8,840	13.5	13.0	14.0
Before 1980	9,315	4,445	4,870	7.6	7.5	7.7
1980 to 1990	1,910	835	1,075	1.6	1.4	1.7
1991 to 2000	1,395	615	780	1.1	1.0	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,775	770	1,005	1.5	1.3	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,135	1,040	1,100	1.7	1.8	1.7
2011 to 2015	975	470	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,160	570	590	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	830	360	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,540	7,700	8,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,090	1,040	1,055	12.6	13.5	11.9
5 to 14 years	2,975	1,490	1,490	18.0	19.4	16.9
15 to 24 years	3,690	1,580	2,110	22.3	20.5	23.9
25 to 44 years	6,735	3,120	3,615	40.7	40.5	40.9
45 years and over	1,050	470	575	6.3	6.1	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,540	7,700	8,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,515	1,050	1,460	15.2	13.6	16.5
Brazil	40	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Colombia	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
El Salvador	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyana	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mexico	155	45	110	0.9	0.6	1.2
Peru	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	1,820	775	1,050	11.0	10.1	11.9
Other places of birth in Americas	235	105	125	1.4	1.4	1.4
Europe	10,340	5,040	5,295	62.5	65.5	59.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Croatia	80	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
France	205	90	110	1.2	1.2	1.2
Germany	1,360	620	745	8.2	8.1	8.4
Greece	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	75	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italy	245	140	110	1.5	1.8	1.2
Netherlands	710	355	355	4.3	4.6	4.0
Poland	190	80	115	1.1	1.0	1.3
Portugal	85	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Romania	55	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	60	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	65	35	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	90	35	60	0.5	0.5	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	5,865	2,895	2,975	35.5	37.6	33.7
Other places of birth in Europe	1,170	585	585	7.1	7.6	6.6
Africa	630	315	315	3.8	4.1	3.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	335	150	185	2.0	1.9	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	185	105	75	1.1	1.4	0.8
Asia	2,585	1,055	1,535	15.6	13.7	17.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkey	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	255	95	160	1.5	1.2	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	260	120	145	1.6	1.6	1.6
Taiwan	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	685	220	465	4.1	2.9	5.3
Viet Nam	310	165	140	1.9	2.1	1.6
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	430	220	215	2.6	2.9	2.4
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	340	90	250	2.1	1.2	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	470	235	235	2.8	3.1	2.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,160	575	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	190	95	95	16.4	16.5	16.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	135	65	75	11.6	11.3	12.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	20	2.6	2.6	3.4
Europe	265	135	130	22.8	23.5	22.0
France	40	10	25	3.4	1.7	4.2
Germany	25	10	15	2.2	1.7	2.5
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	80	55	11.6	13.9	9.3
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	25	4.3	4.3	4.2
Africa	85	45	35	7.3	7.8	5.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	15	10	2.2	2.6	1.7
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	1.3	1.7	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	2.6	3.5	1.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	1.3	1.7	1.7
Asia	535	255	280	46.1	44.3	47.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15	2.6	1.7	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	75	50	10.8	13.0	8.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	20	4.7	5.2	3.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	210	85	125	18.1	14.8	21.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	25	15	3.4	4.3	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	25	2.2	0.0	4.2
Oceania and other⁹³	85	45	40	7.3	7.8	6.8
Australia	65	35	30	5.6	6.1	5.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	10	1.3	1.7	1.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	122,395	59,205	63,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,610	8,615	9,995	15.2	14.6	15.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,310	11,380	11,930	19.0	19.2	18.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,475	39,210	41,260	65.8	66.2	65.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,225	3,255	3,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,790	1,840	1,945	52.5	56.5	49.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,740	1,020	720	24.1	31.3	18.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,050	825	1,225	28.4	25.3	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,790	1,095	1,700	38.6	33.6	42.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	550	280	270	7.6	8.6	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	90	40	50	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,225	3,255	3,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	120	55	65	1.7	1.7	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,630	750	875	22.6	23.0	22.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	225	85	140	3.1	2.6	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	410	150	260	5.7	4.6	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	20	60	1.1	0.6	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,765	2,195	2,570	66.0	67.4	64.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	122,395	59,205	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,445	2,940	3,505	5.3	5.0	5.5
South Asian	1,320	655	665	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	1,030	470	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Black	570	310	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	1,145	455	685	0.9	0.8	1.1
Arab	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	465	180	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	520	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	405	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	400	125	280	0.3	0.2	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	115,945	56,265	59,675	94.7	95.0	94.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	122,390	59,210	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,575	7,305	7,270	11.9	12.3	11.5
English	40,115	19,360	20,760	32.8	32.7	32.9
Irish	22,885	10,415	12,470	18.7	17.6	19.7
Scottish	29,300	13,785	15,515	23.9	23.3	24.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,910	5,475	6,440	9.7	9.2	10.2
German	17,115	7,995	9,120	14.0	13.5	14.4
Chinese	1,210	520	690	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italian	3,810	1,830	1,980	3.1	3.1	3.1
Indian (India)	1,000	485	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	6,410	3,010	3,405	5.2	5.1	5.4
Dutch	6,385	3,100	3,290	5.2	5.2	5.2
Polish	4,010	1,790	2,225	3.3	3.0	3.5
Québécois	185	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,175	3,420	3,755	5.9	5.8	5.9
Filipino	1,120	455	660	0.9	0.8	1.0
French Canadian	1,555	660	895	1.3	1.1	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,160	1,065	1,100	1.8	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,730	2,210	2,515	3.9	3.7	4.0
Métis	3,060	1,455	1,610	2.5	2.5	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,365	1,640	1,725	2.7	2.8	2.7
Russian	2,725	1,330	1,400	2.2	2.2	2.2
Norwegian	4,870	2,250	2,620	4.0	3.8	4.1
Welsh	4,280	1,965	2,310	3.5	3.3	3.7
Portuguese	565	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	2,450	1,190	1,255	2.0	2.0	2.0
Spanish	905	380	525	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	3,450	1,625	1,825	2.8	2.7	2.9
Hungarian	1,590	810	780	1.3	1.4	1.2
Acadian	305	125	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	745	330	410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	365	200	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	400	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	790	355	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Korean	330	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	700	345	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,000	945	1,055	1.6	1.6	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,055	480	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sikh	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,530	695	830	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belgian	675	350	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	420	205	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	725	350	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	1,275	610	665	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	480	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	460	150	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,065	525	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,020	535	490	0.8	0.9	0.8
Colombian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	550	285	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	215	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	165	115	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	275	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	265	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	580	305	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	160	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	255	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Columbian	840	425	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	285	175	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	80	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	122,395	59,205	63,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	535	220	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	41,490	18,050	23,445	33.9	30.5	37.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,575	3,520	4,055	6.2	5.9	6.4
Anabaptist	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	6,270	2,550	3,715	5.1	4.3	5.9
Baptist	1,700	765	935	1.4	1.3	1.5
Catholic	11,695	5,090	6,600	9.6	8.6	10.4
Christian Orthodox	410	190	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,095	520	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latter Day Saints	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,620	640	975	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	915	420	495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	920	430	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Reformed	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Church	5,980	2,460	3,520	4.9	4.2	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,410	1,045	1,365	2.0	1.8	2.2
Hindu	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	450	200	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	685	325	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,790	640	1,150	1.5	1.1	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	76,425	39,290	37,135	62.4	66.4	58.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,590	58,785	62,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,565	51,140	54,425	86.8	87.0	86.7
Movers	16,020	7,645	8,375	13.2	13.0	13.3
Non-migrants	6,665	3,140	3,520	5.5	5.3	5.6
Migrants	9,360	4,510	4,850	7.7	7.7	7.7
Internal migrants	8,895	4,315	4,580	7.3	7.3	7.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,890	3,270	3,620	5.7	5.6	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,005	1,045	960	1.6	1.8	1.5
External migrants	460	190	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	118,045	56,960	61,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,200	31,460	33,740	55.2	55.2	55.2
Movers	52,840	25,495	27,340	44.8	44.8	44.8
Non-migrants	12,925	6,150	6,775	10.9	10.8	11.1
Migrants	39,910	19,345	20,570	33.8	34.0	33.7
Internal migrants	37,870	18,380	19,490	32.1	32.3	31.9
Intraprovincial migrants	30,695	14,800	15,895	26.0	26.0	26.0
Interprovincial migrants	7,180	3,580	3,595	6.1	6.3	5.9
External migrants	2,045	965	1,080	1.7	1.7	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,010	51,405	55,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,490	10,710	8,780	18.2	20.8	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	87,520	40,690	46,830	81.8	79.2	84.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,735	27,985	30,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,285	4,910	3,370	14.1	17.5	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,450	23,075	27,380	85.9	82.5	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,015	51,400	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,940	8,490	7,450	14.9	16.5	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,025	15,590	17,435	30.9	30.3	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,045	27,320	30,730	54.2	53.2	55.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,590	18,495	19,095	35.1	36.0	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,570	8,645	2,920	10.8	16.8	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,700	2,635	2,060	4.4	5.1	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,865	6,005	860	6.4	11.7	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,280	8,530	13,750	20.8	16.6	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,745	1,320	2,420	3.5	2.6	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,460	8,820	11,635	19.1	17.2	20.9
Bachelor's degree	12,945	5,520	7,425	12.1	10.7	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,600	555	1,045	1.5	1.1	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	585	370	215	0.5	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	4,615	1,950	2,665	4.3	3.8	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	710	425	285	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,740	27,985	30,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,500	3,845	2,650	11.1	13.7	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,335	8,645	8,695	29.5	30.9	28.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,905	15,495	19,410	59.4	55.4	63.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,645	10,825	11,820	38.6	38.7	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,935	5,065	1,870	11.8	18.1	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,875	1,545	1,330	4.9	5.5	4.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,055	3,515	540	6.9	12.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,530	5,020	8,505	23.0	17.9	27.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,185	740	1,445	3.7	2.6	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,255	4,665	7,590	20.9	16.7	24.7
Bachelor's degree	8,100	3,090	5,010	13.8	11.0	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	300	615	1.6	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	180	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	2,625	970	1,650	4.5	3.5	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	125	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	107,010	51,400	55,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,965	24,080	24,885	45.8	46.8	44.7
Education	4,915	1,215	3,700	4.6	2.4	6.7
13. Education	4,915	1,215	3,700	4.6	2.4	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,050	785	1,270	1.9	1.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	160	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,855	625	1,230	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	2,360	900	1,465	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	30	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	700	210	490	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	245	425	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	360	185	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,375	1,845	3,535	5.0	3.6	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	205	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	60	1,065	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	720	210	510	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,050	315	740	1.0	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,810	1,005	805	1.7	2.0	1.4
Business, management and public administration	10,205	3,420	6,785	9.5	6.7	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,075	200	875	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,105	3,215	5,895	8.5	6.3	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,200	1,200	1,000	2.1	2.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,050	530	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	625	455	165	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,285	745	535	1.2	1.4	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	945	600	345	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	145	10	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,455	11,765	680	11.6	22.9	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	275	195	80	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,480	1,320	160	1.4	2.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,450	2,225	235	2.3	4.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,675	3,575	105	3.4	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,020	2,955	70	2.8	5.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,540	1,500	40	1.4	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,340	1,390	945	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,185	550	640	1.1	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,155	845	310	1.1	1.6	0.6
Health and related fields	10,485	1,745	8,745	9.8	3.4	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	590	235	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,705	1,380	8,325	9.1	2.7	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	125	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,370	2,320	2,050	4.1	4.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,715	870	1,850	2.5	1.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	340	115	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,115	1,060	60	1.0	2.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,740	27,985	30,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,835	12,495	11,345	40.6	44.6	36.9
Education	2,225	505	1,720	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	2,225	505	1,720	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	460	855	2.2	1.6	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	385	825	2.1	1.4	2.7
Humanities	1,265	430	830	2.2	1.5	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	375	90	280	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	105	210	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	205	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,490	1,070	2,410	5.9	3.8	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	150	210	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	50	735	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	435	80	355	0.7	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	635	155	480	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,130	595	535	1.9	2.1	1.7
Business, management and public administration	6,275	1,855	4,420	10.7	6.6	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	125	605	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,530	1,725	3,810	9.4	6.2	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,300	590	715	2.2	2.1	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	260	370	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	95	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	325	200	125	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	835	530	305	1.4	1.9	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	480	235	1.2	1.7	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,065	6,510	550	12.0	23.3	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	795	655	145	1.4	2.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,285	1,115	170	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,315	2,215	95	3.9	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,685	1,630	50	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	865	835	25	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,585	865	720	2.7	3.1	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	775	315	465	1.3	1.1	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	805	550	250	1.4	2.0	0.8
Health and related fields	6,655	1,170	5,480	11.3	4.2	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415	165	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,125	945	5,180	10.4	3.4	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,905	1,510	1,395	4.9	5.4	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,895	645	1,255	3.2	2.3	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	310	230	80	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	620	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,740	27,985	30,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,835	12,495	11,345	40.6	44.6	36.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,900	15,495	19,410	59.4	55.4	63.1
Location of study inside Canada	31,355	13,865	17,485	53.4	49.5	56.9
Same as province or territory of residence	22,730	9,945	12,780	38.7	35.5	41.6
Different than province or territory of residence	8,620	3,915	4,705	14.7	14.0	15.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,550	1,630	1,920	6.0	5.8	6.2
Americas	980	455	530	1.7	1.6	1.7
United States of America	835	405	430	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mexico	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,220	620	595	2.1	2.2	1.9
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	175	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	630	360	275	1.1	1.3	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	960	340	615	1.6	1.2	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	305	70	235	0.5	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	100	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	260	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Australia	195	105	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	107,015	51,400	55,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,900	27,770	27,135	...	...	...
Employed	50,075	25,115	24,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,825	2,660	2,170	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	52,105	23,635	28,475	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.3	54.0	48.8	51.3	54.0	48.8
Employment rate	46.8	48.9	44.9	46.8	48.9	44.9
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.6	8.0	8.8	9.6	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	107,010	51,400	55,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	51,155	23,075	28,070	47.8	44.9	50.5
Worked	55,860	28,320	27,535	52.2	55.1	49.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,445	13,760	10,685	22.8	26.8	19.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,415	14,565	16,850	29.4	28.3	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	40.0	39.2	39.6	40.0	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,905	27,770	27,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	535	550	2.0	1.9	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,815	27,230	26,580	98.0	98.1	98.0
Employee	41,715	20,385	21,335	76.0	73.4	78.6
Permanent position	34,370	16,890	17,480	62.6	60.8	64.4
Temporary position	7,345	3,495	3,855	13.4	12.6	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,970	920	1,045	3.6	3.3	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,375	2,570	2,810	9.8	9.3	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,095	6,850	5,245	22.0	24.7	19.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,905	27,770	27,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	535	550	2.0	1.9	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,815	27,230	26,580	98.0	98.1	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	545	355	195	1.0	1.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,930	1,720	5,220	12.6	6.2	19.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,850	2,155	700	5.2	7.8	2.6
3 Health occupations	5,040	900	4,145	9.2	3.2	15.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,135	2,015	4,120	11.2	7.3	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,925	810	1,115	3.5	2.9	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	15,195	6,075	9,115	27.7	21.9	33.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,970	10,015	955	20.0	36.1	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,525	1,820	705	4.6	6.6	2.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,695	1,375	320	3.1	5.0	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,905	27,770	27,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	535	550	2.0	1.9	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	53,815	27,230	26,580	98.0	98.1	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,475	1,730	745	4.5	6.2	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	410	365	40	0.7	1.3	0.1
22 Utilities	235	215	20	0.4	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	6,055	5,270	780	11.0	19.0	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,355	1,810	550	4.3	6.5	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	850	580	270	1.5	2.1	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,235	3,335	3,895	13.2	12.0	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,990	1,445	540	3.6	5.2	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	725	370	350	1.3	1.3	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,145	355	795	2.1	1.3	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	915	405	515	1.7	1.5	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,630	1,865	1,760	6.6	6.7	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,520	1,460	1,060	4.6	5.3	3.9
61 Educational services	3,125	905	2,225	5.7	3.3	8.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,045	1,450	6,590	14.7	5.2	24.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,455	735	720	2.7	2.6	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,485	1,860	2,620	8.2	6.7	9.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,595	1,095	1,505	4.7	3.9	5.5
91 Public administration	3,505	1,945	1,560	6.4	7.0	5.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,385	30,410	29,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,160	29,860	29,300	98.0	98.2	97.8
French	105	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	90	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	560	310	255	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	440	160	280	0.7	0.5	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,385	30,410	29,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,310	30,375	29,930	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	60,135	30,280	29,860	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	59,935	30,230	29,715	99.3	99.4	99.1
French	195	50	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	170	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,385	30,410	29,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,420	29,975	29,450	98.4	98.6	98.3
English	165	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	430	255	180	0.7	0.8	0.6
Non-official language	315	110	205	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	115	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous	195	75	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,075	25,115	24,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,665	3,910	4,755	17.3	15.6	19.1
Worked outside Canada	75	65	10	0.1	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,185	6,795	2,390	18.3	27.1	9.6
Usual place of work	32,150	14,340	17,810	64.2	57.1	71.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,150	14,345	17,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,880	6,565	9,315	49.4	45.8	52.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,455	5,540	6,920	38.7	38.6	38.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,445	1,940	1,500	10.7	13.5	8.4
Commute to a different province or territory	370	295	80	1.2	2.1	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,340	21,140	20,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,545	18,280	17,265	86.0	86.5	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,985	17,050	15,935	79.8	80.7	78.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,560	1,230	1,330	6.2	5.8	6.6
Public transit	630	295	335	1.5	1.4	1.7
Walked	2,915	1,215	1,705	7.1	5.7	8.4
Bicycle	895	530	370	2.2	2.5	1.8
Other method	1,350	820	530	3.3	3.9	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,340	21,140	20,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,395	9,825	11,565	51.8	46.5	57.3
15 to 29 minutes	11,555	5,835	5,725	28.0	27.6	28.3
30 to 44 minutes	4,325	2,550	1,770	10.5	12.1	8.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,685	1,045	640	4.1	4.9	3.2
60 minutes and over	2,380	1,880	500	5.8	8.9	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,340	21,140	20,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,280	1,605	680	5.5	7.6	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,990	3,660	2,325	14.5	17.3	11.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,255	5,860	4,400	24.8	27.7	21.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,655	4,475	6,180	25.8	21.2	30.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,615	2,525	4,085	16.0	11.9	20.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,540	3,015	2,525	13.4	14.3	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,880	9,615	9,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,265	605	650	6.7	6.3	7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,615	9,005	8,615	93.3	93.7	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,105	7,205	6,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	935	465	475	6.6	6.5	6.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	415	195	220	2.9	2.7	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	520	270	255	3.7	3.7	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,170	6,745	6,425	93.4	93.6	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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