Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cariboo--Prince GeorgeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,150	58,845	58,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,250	10,000	9,250	16.4	17.0	15.9
0 to 4 years	5,650	2,910	2,745	4.8	4.9	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,465	3,390	3,080	5.5	5.8	5.3
10 to 14 years	7,130	3,705	3,430	6.1	6.3	5.9
15 to 64 years	74,060	36,965	37,105	63.2	62.8	63.6
15 to 19 years	6,565	3,395	3,170	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	6,455	3,340	3,115	5.5	5.7	5.3
25 to 29 years	7,070	3,570	3,500	6.0	6.1	6.0
30 to 34 years	7,165	3,580	3,590	6.1	6.1	6.2
35 to 39 years	7,220	3,595	3,625	6.2	6.1	6.2
40 to 44 years	6,805	3,410	3,390	5.8	5.8	5.8
45 to 49 years	7,015	3,425	3,590	6.0	5.8	6.2
50 to 54 years	7,560	3,715	3,850	6.5	6.3	6.6
55 to 59 years	8,900	4,325	4,575	7.6	7.3	7.8
60 to 64 years	9,300	4,610	4,690	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over	23,840	11,885	11,960	20.3	20.2	20.5
65 to 69 years	8,395	4,185	4,210	7.2	7.1	7.2
70 to 74 years	6,605	3,420	3,185	5.6	5.8	5.5
75 to 79 years	4,370	2,175	2,195	3.7	3.7	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,510	1,195	1,315	2.1	2.0	2.3
85 years and over	1,965	905	1,060	1.7	1.5	1.8
85 to 89 years	1,335	665	670	1.1	1.1	1.1
90 to 94 years	510	220	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
95 to 99 years	105	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.0	15.9	16.4	17.0	15.9
15 to 64 years	63.2	62.8	63.6	63.2	62.8	63.6
65 years and over	20.3	20.2	20.5	20.3	20.2	20.5
85 years and over	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.8
Average age of the population	42.6	42.1	43.0	42.6	42.1	43.0
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,275	...	...	69.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,310	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	1,970	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,240	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,050	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	4,145	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,745	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	19,235	...	...	39.2	...	...
3 persons	6,840	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	5,605	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,675	...	...	7.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	115,665	58,115	57,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,905	48,845	49,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,050	28,995	29,055	59.3	59.4	59.2
Married	45,400	22,700	22,705	46.4	46.5	46.3
Living common-law	12,650	6,295	6,350	12.9	12.9	12.9
Living common law - Never married	8,915	4,475	4,440	9.1	9.2	9.1
Living common law - Separated	700	350	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,675	1,340	1,330	2.7	2.7	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	360	135	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	39,855	19,855	20,005	40.7	40.6	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,135	14,110	11,025	25.7	28.9	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,060	1,425	1,630	3.1	2.9	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,140	2,845	3,295	6.3	5.8	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,520	1,475	4,050	5.6	3.0	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,940	...	...	58.7	...	...
3 persons	6,280	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	5,215	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,515	...	...	7.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,500	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	22,180	...	...	65.3	...	...
With children⁶	9,450	...	...	27.8	...	...
Without children	12,730	...	...	37.5	...	...
Common-law couples	6,325	...	...	18.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,460	...	...	7.2	...	...
Without children	3,865	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,445	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,025	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,415	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,665	58,115	57,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,195	46,470	46,730	80.6	80.0	81.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,005	28,460	28,545	49.3	49.0	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,445	1,415	4,030	4.7	2.4	7.0
Children⁶	30,745	16,590	14,155	26.6	28.5	24.6
In a two-parent family	22,335	11,975	10,365	19.3	20.6	18.0
In a one-parent family	8,405	4,615	3,790	7.3	7.9	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,470	11,645	10,825	19.4	20.0	18.8
Living alone	13,745	7,100	6,645	11.9	12.2	11.5
Living with other relatives⁷	3,080	1,425	1,655	2.7	2.5	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,645	3,120	2,520	4.9	5.4	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,630	...	...	60.4	...	...
Couple-family households	25,555	...	...	52.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,570	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	14,980	...	...	30.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,075	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,170	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,905	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,335	...	...	4.8	...	...
One-person households	13,740	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,510	48,175	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,690	46,820	46,870	97.1	97.2	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,000	34,400	40,800	50,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,740	46,850	46,890	97.1	97.2	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,800	31,800	37,600	44,800	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,920	42,095	39,825	84.9	87.4	82.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	46,400	26,600	34,800	46,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,575	34,240	31,330	67.9	71.1	64.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	52,800	30,000	39,600	52,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,460	37,225	41,235	81.3	77.3	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	10,700	11,200	11,000	10,700	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,755	5,635	5,120	11.1	11.7	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,520	5,480	5,440	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,540	11,735	11,800	24.4	24.4	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,750	46,845	46,900	97.0	97.0	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,120	61,200	41,040	51,120	61,200	41,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,795	46,875	46,915	97.0	97.1	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	51,250	36,400	43,800	51,250	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,845	42,040	39,805	84.7	87.1	82.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	57,700	35,680	47,000	57,700	35,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,580	34,275	31,310	67.8	71.0	64.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,520	59,000	37,000	48,520	59,000	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,650	37,405	41,240	81.4	77.5	85.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,010	11,770	12,220	12,010	11,770	12,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,890	5,750	5,140	11.3	11.9	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,570	6,270	6,910	6,570	6,270	6,910
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,965	11,915	12,050	24.8	24.7	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,460	8,120	8,800	8,460	8,120	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,740	16,630	12,115	29.7	34.4	25.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	76,000	54,800	66,000	76,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,500	81,800	59,650	72,500	81,800	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,935	12,890	14,050	27.9	26.7	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	29,600	18,200	22,200	29,600	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	42,000	24,760	33,000	42,000	24,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.6	73.8	80.2	84.6	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	70.6	60.2	66.4	70.6	60.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.7	15.4	26.2	19.7	15.4	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.5	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.2	7.2	5.4	4.2	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.5	4.2	3.4	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,510	48,175	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,820	1,355	1,465	2.9	2.8	3.0
With total income	93,690	46,820	46,870	97.1	97.2	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,450	3,290	5,160	9.0	7.0	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,350	4,355	6,990	12.1	9.3	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,225	5,970	8,250	15.2	12.8	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,040	5,265	6,775	12.9	11.2	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,265	4,535	5,725	11.0	9.7	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,035	3,845	4,190	8.6	8.2	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,485	3,555	2,925	6.9	7.6	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,385	3,360	2,020	5.7	7.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,310	2,835	1,475	4.6	6.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,305	2,285	1,020	3.5	4.9	2.2
$100,000 and over	9,850	7,515	2,335	10.5	16.1	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	7,645	5,760	1,885	8.2	12.3	4.0
$150,000 and over	2,205	1,750	455	2.4	3.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,510	48,175	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,770	1,325	1,445	2.9	2.8	3.0
With after-tax income	93,740	46,850	46,890	97.1	97.2	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,750	3,410	5,345	9.3	7.3	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,715	4,505	7,215	12.5	9.6	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	16,000	6,690	9,310	17.1	14.3	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,865	6,170	7,695	14.8	13.2	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,355	5,290	6,065	12.1	11.3	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,820	4,740	4,080	9.4	10.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,095	4,360	2,735	7.6	9.3	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,185	3,550	1,630	5.5	7.6	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,910	2,790	1,120	4.2	5.9	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	1,950	705	2.8	4.2	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,385	3,395	995	4.7	7.2	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,755	2,130	625	2.9	4.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,630	1,265	365	1.7	2.7	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,510	48,175	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,935	13,925	17,010	32.1	28.9	35.2
With employment income	65,575	34,240	31,330	67.9	71.1	64.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,985	4,055	4,925	13.7	11.8	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,775	1,970	2,805	7.3	5.8	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,345	3,015	4,330	11.2	8.8	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,220	2,635	3,585	9.5	7.7	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,760	2,375	3,385	8.8	6.9	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,405	2,410	3,000	8.3	7.0	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,970	2,430	2,535	7.6	7.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515	2,625	1,895	6.9	7.7	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,920	2,555	1,365	6.0	7.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,375	2,270	1,105	5.1	6.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,680	1,885	795	4.1	5.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	7,620	6,020	1,605	11.6	17.6	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,290	3,280	1,015	6.6	9.6	3.2
$125,000 and over	3,330	2,740	590	5.1	8.0	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,510	48,175	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,345	45,690	45,655	94.6	94.8	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	50,000	30,800	38,800	50,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,605	45,720	45,880	94.9	94.9	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	28,600	34,800	44,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,515	41,865	39,655	84.5	86.9	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	48,000	27,600	36,000	48,000	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,530	35,805	32,725	71.0	74.3	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	51,600	29,000	37,600	51,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,230	28,755	35,475	66.6	59.7	73.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,500	8,300	8,800	9,500	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,515	5,110	4,405	9.9	10.6	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,800	5,240	5,560	5,800	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,345	45,705	45,635	94.5	94.7	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	61,000	38,200	49,600	61,000	38,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,625	45,735	45,885	94.8	94.7	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,760	50,280	33,280	41,760	50,280	33,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,485	41,955	39,530	84.3	86.9	81.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,800	59,350	35,600	47,800	59,350	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,280	35,805	32,480	70.6	74.2	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,520	58,250	35,640	47,520	58,250	35,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,340	28,565	35,780	66.6	59.2	74.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,880	10,490	9,400	9,880	10,490	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,770	5,300	4,475	10.1	11.0	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,180	7,180	7,180	7,180	7,180	7,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,595	16,525	12,070	29.6	34.2	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	74,000	50,800	63,200	74,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,500	79,800	55,300	69,500	79,800	55,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,480	12,250	13,230	26.4	25.4	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	37,600	22,000	27,000	37,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,480	47,760	28,000	37,480	47,760	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	89.2	80.8	86.0	89.2	80.8
Employment income (%)	71.6	74.8	66.4	71.6	74.8	66.4
Government transfers (%)	14.0	10.7	19.3	14.0	10.7	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...	83,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,040	...	...	50,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,440	...	...	43,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,900	...	...	115,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,040	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,635	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,675	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,030	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,075	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,955	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,665	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,280	...	...	39.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,950	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,515	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,200	...	...	10.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,615	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,085	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,150	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,815	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,975	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,305	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,265	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,155	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,290	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,110	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,785	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,405	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,110	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,345	...	...	31.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,105	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,970	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,260	...	...	10.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,385	10,225	9,165	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,800	34,800	38,400	42,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800	32,800	35,600	38,800	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,355	10,100	9,260	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,840	52,350	42,920	47,840	52,350	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,680	44,800	38,280	41,680	44,800	38,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,665	58,115	57,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,095	11,950	11,145	20.0	20.6	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,845	3,540	3,310	5.9	6.1	5.8
18 to 64 years	69,470	34,600	34,870	60.1	59.5	60.6
65 years and over	23,095	11,565	11,530	20.0	19.9	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,055	6,230	6,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,910	1,505	1,400	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	945	485	455	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,605	3,150	3,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,545	1,570	1,970	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.7	11.9	11.3	10.7	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.8	13.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.1	9.9	9.5	9.1	9.9
65 years and over (%)	15.3	13.6	17.1	15.3	13.6	17.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,945	56,730	56,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,440	11,620	10,815	19.9	20.5	19.2
0 to 5 years	6,645	3,440	3,205	5.9	6.1	5.7
18 to 64 years	67,815	33,715	34,095	60.0	59.4	60.7
65 years and over	22,690	11,390	11,305	20.1	20.1	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,535	1,750	1,790	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	730	375	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	95	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,480	1,235	1,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	145	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,665	58,115	57,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,995	28,205	29,785	50.1	48.5	51.8
In bottom decile	12,165	5,860	6,310	10.5	10.1	11.0
In second decile	11,745	5,490	6,255	10.2	9.4	10.9
In third decile	11,715	5,695	6,020	10.1	9.8	10.5
In fourth decile	11,350	5,620	5,730	9.8	9.7	10.0
In fifth decile	11,015	5,535	5,480	9.5	9.5	9.5
In top half of the distribution	57,670	29,905	27,765	49.9	51.5	48.2
In sixth decile	11,710	5,960	5,750	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	11,975	6,210	5,770	10.4	10.7	10.0
In eighth decile	12,280	6,360	5,920	10.6	10.9	10.3
In ninth decile	12,050	6,325	5,720	10.4	10.9	9.9
In top decile	9,655	5,060	4,595	8.3	8.7	8.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,665	...	...	115,665	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	116,180	58,355	57,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	110,870	55,980	54,890	95.4	95.9	94.9
French only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,825	2,180	2,650	4.2	3.7	4.6
Neither English nor French	465	195	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	116,180	58,355	57,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	114,700	57,630	57,065	98.7	98.8	98.7
French	900	475	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	440	180	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	116,180	58,355	57,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,035	57,295	56,745	98.2	98.2	98.1
Official languages	103,375	52,250	51,130	89.0	89.5	88.4
English	102,280	51,680	50,605	88.0	88.6	87.5
French	1,095	570	525	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	10,660	5,045	5,615	9.2	8.6	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	795	345	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Algonquian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	575	245	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	570	245	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	150	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	410	185	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,860	4,700	5,160	8.5	8.1	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	780	280	495	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	615	215	395	0.5	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,340	3,580	3,760	6.3	6.1	6.5
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	770	360	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	760	360	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,580	1,240	1,340	2.2	2.1	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,775	855	920	1.5	1.5	1.6
German	1,575	750	830	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	635	305	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	315	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,985	1,515	1,475	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,915	1,480	1,435	2.5	2.5	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,485	1,245	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	430	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	275	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	360	145	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	575	265	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	570	260	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	275	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,140	1,060	1,080	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	275	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,680	825	855	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	116,180	58,355	57,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	105,435	53,205	52,230	90.8	91.2	90.3
French	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,330	1,145	1,180	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,175	1,065	1,105	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	625	300	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,355	3,505	3,855	6.3	6.0	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	116,180	58,355	57,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,600	57,600	57,000	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	109,885	55,290	54,595	94.6	94.7	94.4
English	109,740	55,220	54,515	94.5	94.6	94.3
French	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	4,715	2,310	2,400	4.1	4.0	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,455	2,185	2,270	3.8	3.7	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	310	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,220	1,580	1,640	2.8	2.7	2.8
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	585	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	425	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	350	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,140	1,080	1,065	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,110	1,060	1,045	1.8	1.8	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,870	930	940	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	750	820	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,450	700	755	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	116,180	58,355	57,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,215	55,040	54,170	94.0	94.3	93.7
English	1,995	990	1,010	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	520	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,670	1,705	1,965	3.2	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	550	250	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-Indigenous	3,115	1,450	1,670	2.7	2.5	2.9
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	300	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,710	58,155	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	115,240	57,965	57,275	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	115,215	57,965	57,255	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	4,840	2,000	2,840	4.2	3.4	4.9
Non-official languages	14,845	6,975	7,870	12.8	12.0	13.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,645	770	880	1.4	1.3	1.5
Algonquian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,105	500	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,105	500	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	385	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	715	340	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	380	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,270	6,245	7,030	11.5	10.7	12.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,000	345	660	0.9	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	945	315	630	0.8	0.5	1.1
Waray-Waray	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,945	4,770	5,170	8.6	8.2	9.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,110	525	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,080	515	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	380	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,355	1,575	1,775	2.9	2.7	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,400	1,140	1,260	2.1	2.0	2.2
German	2,330	1,110	1,215	2.0	1.9	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	810	390	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	445	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,595	1,790	1,800	3.1	3.1	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	3,460	1,715	1,745	3.0	2.9	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,345	655	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,960	1,465	1,490	2.6	2.5	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,070	960	1,115	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	420	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,280	560	725	1.1	1.0	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	315	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	330	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	625	305	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	615	305	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	18,245	8,740	9,505	15.8	15.0	16.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	17,580	8,450	9,130	15.2	14.5	15.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,735	5,595	6,140	10.1	9.6	10.7
Métis	5,785	2,825	2,960	5.0	4.9	5.1
Inuk (Inuit)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	390	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	275	100	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	97,470	49,410	48,060	84.2	85.0	83.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,200	4,315	4,885	8.0	7.4	8.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,515	53,835	52,680	92.1	92.6	91.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,570	...	...	74.5	...	...
Renter	11,820	...	...	24.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,335	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not condominium	46,770	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,880	...	...	7.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,840	...	...	24.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,185	...	...	33.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,000	...	...	34.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,620	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 rooms	7,595	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	7,385	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,220	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,285	...	...	35.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,595	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	510	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,520	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,590	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,820	...	...	7.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,450	...	...	47.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,695	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,675	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,685	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,495	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,010	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,975	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,135	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,210	...	...	51.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,790	...	...	44.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,110	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,580	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,500	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,465	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,190	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,490	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,245	...	...	18.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,565	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,075	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,840	...	...	86.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,370	...	...	13.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,745	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,135	...	...	22.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,655	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,220	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,305	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	580	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,975	...	...	77.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,320	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	43,260	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.7	...	...	55.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	368,000	...	...	368,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	386,000	...	...	386,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,745	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.2	...	...	15.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,011	...	...	1,011	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	720	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	266	...	...	266	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	341	...	...	341	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,000	4,360	4,640	7.8	7.5	8.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,890	4,310	4,575	7.7	7.4	7.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,530	3,600	3,935	6.5	6.2	6.8
Métis single ancestry	1,350	715	640	1.2	1.2	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,380	4,940	5,440	9.0	8.5	9.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,955	4,755	5,200	8.6	8.2	9.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,820	3,200	3,620	5.9	5.5	6.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,085	1,530	1,555	2.7	2.6	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	430	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	415	180	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,330	48,855	47,475	83.3	84.0	82.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,650	55,805	54,845	95.6	96.0	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,645	11,670	10,970	19.6	20.1	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,005	44,130	43,870	76.1	75.9	76.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,060	2,350	2,715	4.4	4.0	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,700	52,025	50,675	88.8	89.5	88.0
Immigrants⁸¹	11,375	5,340	6,035	9.8	9.2	10.5
Before 1980	4,575	2,265	2,320	4.0	3.9	4.0
1980 to 1990	1,290	590	700	1.1	1.0	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,330	555	775	1.1	1.0	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,430	645	785	1.2	1.1	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,740	1,290	1,455	2.4	2.2	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,010	435	575	0.9	0.7	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,735	855	875	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,635	785	845	1.4	1.3	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,375	5,335	6,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,370	695	680	12.0	13.0	11.3
5 to 14 years	2,140	1,085	1,050	18.8	20.3	17.4
15 to 24 years	2,575	1,195	1,385	22.6	22.4	22.9
25 to 44 years	4,435	2,000	2,435	39.0	37.5	40.3
45 years and over	850	360	490	7.5	6.7	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,375	5,335	6,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,135	930	1,205	18.8	17.4	20.0
Brazil	50	25	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombia	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	40	55	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mexico	90	30	65	0.8	0.6	1.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,580	720	865	13.9	13.5	14.3
Other places of birth in Americas	230	70	155	2.0	1.3	2.6
Europe	4,595	2,250	2,350	40.4	42.2	38.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.4
Croatia	95	50	50	0.8	0.9	0.8
France	65	30	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Germany	935	475	460	8.2	8.9	7.6
Greece	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungary	70	40	25	0.6	0.7	0.4
Italy	130	75	55	1.1	1.4	0.9
Netherlands	340	180	160	3.0	3.4	2.7
Poland	200	100	90	1.8	1.9	1.5
Portugal	205	90	115	1.8	1.7	1.9
Romania	55	30	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	65	25	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,330	650	685	11.7	12.2	11.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,010	455	550	8.9	8.5	9.1
Africa	675	340	335	5.9	6.4	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	120	65	55	1.1	1.2	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	250	125	130	2.2	2.3	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	265	140	130	2.3	2.6	2.2
Asia	3,710	1,675	2,035	32.6	31.4	33.7
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	75	30	40	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	275	145	130	2.4	2.7	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	165	85	80	1.5	1.6	1.3
Taiwan	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	885	275	610	7.8	5.2	10.1
Viet Nam	95	40	60	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bangladesh	35	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.4
India	1,645	830	815	14.5	15.6	13.5
Pakistan	90	55	40	0.8	1.0	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	270	125	150	2.4	2.3	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	260	145	115	2.3	2.7	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,730	860	880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	90	110	12.1	10.5	12.5
Brazil	25	10	10	1.4	1.2	1.1
Colombia	25	15	10	1.4	1.7	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	2.0	2.3	1.7
Mexico	25	10	15	1.4	1.2	1.7
United States of America	80	30	50	4.6	3.5	5.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	1.7	1.7	1.7
Europe	255	135	125	14.7	15.7	14.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	20	25	2.6	2.3	2.8
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	1.2	1.7	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	25	3.8	4.7	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	95	40	55	5.5	4.7	6.3
Africa	290	135	155	16.8	15.7	17.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	105	50	50	6.1	5.8	5.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	35	55	5.2	4.1	6.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	40	35	4.6	4.7	4.0
Asia	950	480	470	54.9	55.8	53.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	15	1.7	1.7	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	545	295	245	31.5	34.3	27.8
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	15	1.2	1.7	1.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	30	15	2.3	3.5	1.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	20	25	2.6	2.3	2.8
Philippines	180	70	110	10.4	8.1	12.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	1.7	2.3	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	1.4	1.2	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	10	1.4	1.7	1.1
Australia	20	10	0	1.2	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,750	6,485	7,260	11.9	11.2	12.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,205	9,235	8,970	15.7	15.9	15.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,755	42,425	41,330	72.4	73.0	71.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,795	3,080	3,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,960	2,040	1,920	58.3	66.2	51.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,780	1,115	670	26.2	36.2	18.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,180	930	1,250	32.1	30.2	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,430	845	1,580	35.8	27.4	42.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	370	170	200	5.4	5.5	5.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	25	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,795	3,080	3,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85	40	45	1.3	1.3	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,165	480	675	17.1	15.6	18.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245	120	125	3.6	3.9	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	610	370	240	9.0	12.0	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	30	40	1.0	1.0	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,615	2,030	2,585	67.9	65.9	69.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,515	4,600	4,915	8.2	7.9	8.5
South Asian	4,125	2,080	2,045	3.6	3.6	3.6
Chinese	875	425	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Black	1,050	545	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	1,365	545	820	1.2	0.9	1.4
Arab	170	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	400	135	260	0.3	0.2	0.5
Southeast Asian	410	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
West Asian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	335	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,190	53,550	52,640	91.8	92.1	91.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,850	8,815	8,040	14.6	15.2	14.0
English	30,145	14,695	15,450	26.1	25.3	26.8
Irish	18,890	9,085	9,810	16.3	15.6	17.0
Scottish	22,960	11,305	11,655	19.8	19.4	20.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,065	5,380	5,685	9.6	9.3	9.9
German	19,755	9,775	9,980	17.1	16.8	17.3
Chinese	1,110	480	630	1.0	0.8	1.1
Italian	3,315	1,700	1,615	2.9	2.9	2.8
Indian (India)	2,395	1,175	1,215	2.1	2.0	2.1
Ukrainian	6,185	3,140	3,050	5.3	5.4	5.3
Dutch	5,945	2,845	3,105	5.1	4.9	5.4
Polish	3,330	1,465	1,865	2.9	2.5	3.2
Québécois	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,235	2,105	2,135	3.7	3.6	3.7
Filipino	1,475	600	870	1.3	1.0	1.5
French Canadian	1,120	540	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,960	1,545	1,420	2.6	2.7	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,945	2,850	3,100	5.1	4.9	5.4
Métis	4,960	2,470	2,490	4.3	4.2	4.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,790	1,365	1,420	2.4	2.3	2.5
Russian	3,010	1,395	1,615	2.6	2.4	2.8
Norwegian	5,595	2,805	2,790	4.8	4.8	4.8
Welsh	3,055	1,500	1,555	2.6	2.6	2.7
Portuguese	935	450	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
American	2,580	1,270	1,310	2.2	2.2	2.3
Spanish	695	290	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	4,290	2,005	2,285	3.7	3.4	4.0
Hungarian	1,265	610	660	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	440	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	935	490	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vietnamese	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	260	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,620	725	895	1.4	1.2	1.6
Korean	335	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	650	290	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,935	995	935	1.7	1.7	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,480	680	805	1.3	1.2	1.4
Sikh	705	375	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austrian	1,250	650	600	1.1	1.1	1.0
Belgian	485	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,065	560	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swiss	1,235	645	590	1.1	1.1	1.0
Finnish	1,185	585	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	595	265	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Japanese	400	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,265	610	655	1.1	1.0	1.1
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	665	360	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	520	255	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	200	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	215	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	695	340	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Jatt	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,710	58,150	57,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	85	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
Christian	40,970	18,835	22,135	35.4	32.4	38.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,825	5,505	6,315	10.2	9.5	11.0
Anabaptist	815	410	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Anglican	2,880	1,290	1,585	2.5	2.2	2.8
Baptist	1,530	645	890	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	12,005	5,685	6,320	10.4	9.8	11.0
Christian Orthodox	295	100	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	975	425	550	0.8	0.7	1.0
Latter Day Saints	775	380	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lutheran	1,515	650	870	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,300	580	715	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	535	235	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,275	1,480	1,795	2.8	2.5	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,940	1,335	1,600	2.5	2.3	2.8
Hindu	565	300	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	570	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	2,770	1,415	1,365	2.4	2.4	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	570	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,095	445	650	0.9	0.8	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	68,800	36,475	32,315	59.5	62.7	56.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,670	57,655	57,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,430	50,625	49,805	87.6	87.8	87.4
Movers	14,240	7,025	7,215	12.4	12.2	12.7
Non-migrants	9,280	4,610	4,665	8.1	8.0	8.2
Migrants	4,965	2,415	2,550	4.3	4.2	4.5
Internal migrants	4,630	2,275	2,355	4.0	3.9	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,670	1,790	1,880	3.2	3.1	3.3
Interprovincial migrants	960	485	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	335	140	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,185	55,310	54,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,860	32,520	31,340	58.0	58.8	57.1
Movers	46,330	22,790	23,535	42.0	41.2	42.9
Non-migrants	18,360	9,225	9,135	16.7	16.7	16.6
Migrants	27,970	13,565	14,400	25.4	24.5	26.2
Internal migrants	25,440	12,325	13,115	23.1	22.3	23.9
Intraprovincial migrants	21,685	10,430	11,260	19.7	18.9	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,755	1,895	1,860	3.4	3.4	3.4
External migrants	2,525	1,240	1,285	2.3	2.2	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,300	12,585	9,715	23.1	26.1	20.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,365	35,700	38,665	76.9	73.9	79.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,720	29,965	30,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,855	5,745	4,115	16.2	19.2	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,860	24,220	26,640	83.8	80.8	86.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,450	10,600	8,845	20.1	22.0	18.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,005	15,880	17,125	34.1	32.9	35.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,210	21,800	22,410	45.7	45.2	46.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,140	16,055	14,085	31.2	33.3	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,875	8,910	1,965	11.3	18.5	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,890	2,530	1,355	4.0	5.2	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,985	6,375	605	7.2	13.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,535	6,235	10,305	17.1	12.9	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,730	915	1,815	2.8	1.9	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,065	5,740	8,325	14.6	11.9	17.2
Bachelor's degree	9,355	3,715	5,640	9.7	7.7	11.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,035	390	645	1.1	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	2,890	1,235	1,655	3.0	2.6	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	395	210	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,720	29,965	30,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,355	4,805	3,550	13.8	16.0	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,165	9,855	10,310	33.2	32.9	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,200	15,310	16,895	53.0	51.1	54.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,095	10,935	10,160	34.7	36.5	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,265	5,950	1,320	12.0	19.9	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,520	1,630	890	4.2	5.4	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,745	4,315	430	7.8	14.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,960	4,365	7,595	19.7	14.6	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,860	620	1,245	3.1	2.1	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,110	4,375	6,735	18.3	14.6	21.9
Bachelor's degree	7,430	2,870	4,560	12.2	9.6	14.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	745	285	465	1.2	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	140	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	2,310	920	1,395	3.8	3.1	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	155	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	52,455	26,480	25,970	54.3	54.8	53.7
Education	3,385	825	2,560	3.5	1.7	5.3
13. Education	3,385	825	2,560	3.5	1.7	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	770	295	475	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	660	210	455	0.7	0.4	0.9
Humanities	1,715	645	1,070	1.8	1.3	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	355	105	250	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	155	415	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	185	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,270	1,045	2,230	3.4	2.2	4.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	35	715	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	480	130	355	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	680	205	475	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,035	530	505	1.1	1.1	1.0
Business, management and public administration	8,095	2,415	5,680	8.4	5.0	11.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,000	160	840	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,090	2,245	4,840	7.3	4.6	10.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,340	665	680	1.4	1.4	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	700	310	390	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	260	185	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	845	510	335	0.9	1.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	665	420	245	0.7	0.9	0.5
25. Library science	80	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,010	11,270	740	12.4	23.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	850	740	115	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,155	1,900	255	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,275	3,165	110	3.4	6.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,875	3,755	125	4.0	7.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,775	1,685	85	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,485	1,580	910	2.6	3.3	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	250	405	0.7	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,835	1,330	505	1.9	2.8	1.0
Health and related fields	7,490	1,085	6,405	7.7	2.2	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	155	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,995	865	6,135	7.2	1.8	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,785	1,465	1,315	2.9	3.0	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580	420	1,160	1.6	0.9	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	260	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	835	770	65	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,720	29,965	30,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,520	14,655	13,860	47.0	48.9	45.1
Education	2,245	495	1,750	3.7	1.7	5.7
13. Education	2,245	495	1,750	3.7	1.7	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	195	355	0.9	0.7	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	490	155	335	0.8	0.5	1.1
Humanities	1,205	445	765	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	250	65	185	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	405	105	300	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	115	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,540	775	1,765	4.2	2.6	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	585	35	555	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	370	80	290	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	550	155	395	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	785	400	380	1.3	1.3	1.2
Business, management and public administration	6,075	1,720	4,350	10.0	5.7	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	795	115	680	1.3	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,270	1,595	3,670	8.7	5.3	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	995	440	555	1.6	1.5	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545	220	320	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	90	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	185	120	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	680	440	245	1.1	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	365	180	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,280	7,695	585	13.6	25.7	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	665	575	90	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,570	1,360	215	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,250	2,175	80	3.7	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,540	2,445	95	4.2	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	1,205	1,135	70	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,915	1,165	750	3.2	3.9	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	155	315	0.8	0.5	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,450	1,010	435	2.4	3.4	1.4
Health and related fields	5,610	850	4,760	9.2	2.8	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,225	680	4,550	8.6	2.3	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,095	1,080	1,015	3.5	3.6	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,170	290	885	1.9	1.0	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	215	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	625	575	50	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,720	29,965	30,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,520	14,655	13,860	47.0	48.9	45.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,205	15,305	16,895	53.0	51.1	54.9
Location of study inside Canada	28,760	13,800	14,950	47.4	46.1	48.6
Same as province or territory of residence	24,185	11,625	12,555	39.8	38.8	40.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,575	2,175	2,395	7.5	7.3	7.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,445	1,505	1,945	5.7	5.0	6.3
Americas	690	325	365	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	595	290	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	995	435	560	1.6	1.5	1.8
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	210	105	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	130	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	170	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,425	575	850	2.3	1.9	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	455	140	315	0.7	0.5	1.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	665	290	375	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,665	48,280	48,380	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,055	30,760	27,295	...	...	...
Employed	52,585	27,570	25,010	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,470	3,185	2,290	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,605	17,525	21,080	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.1	63.7	56.4	60.1	63.7	56.4
Employment rate	54.4	57.1	51.7	54.4	57.1	51.7
Unemployment rate	9.4	10.4	8.4	9.4	10.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,660	48,280	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,305	17,350	20,950	39.6	35.9	43.3
Worked	58,355	30,935	27,425	60.4	64.1	56.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,665	17,180	12,490	30.7	35.6	25.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,690	13,750	14,940	29.7	28.5	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.8	40.1	41.0	41.8	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,055	30,755	27,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,225	620	605	2.1	2.0	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,830	30,135	26,695	97.9	98.0	97.8
Employee	48,715	25,365	23,345	83.9	82.5	85.5
Permanent position	40,720	21,815	18,905	70.1	70.9	69.2
Temporary position	7,990	3,550	4,440	13.8	11.5	16.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,905	730	1,180	3.3	2.4	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,085	2,825	3,265	10.5	9.2	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,115	4,775	3,345	14.0	15.5	12.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,055	30,755	27,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,225	620	605	2.1	2.0	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,830	30,135	26,695	97.9	98.0	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	425	290	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,700	1,750	5,945	13.3	5.7	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,945	2,210	735	5.1	7.2	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,300	785	3,515	7.4	2.6	12.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,860	2,070	4,790	11.8	6.7	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	975	310	660	1.7	1.0	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	13,705	5,350	8,355	23.6	17.4	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,255	12,095	1,155	22.8	39.3	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,385	2,490	895	5.8	8.1	3.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,290	2,785	505	5.7	9.1	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,055	30,755	27,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,225	620	605	2.1	2.0	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	56,830	30,135	26,695	97.9	98.0	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,105	2,925	1,175	7.1	9.5	4.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,355	1,140	220	2.3	3.7	0.8
22 Utilities	390	270	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
23 Construction	5,005	4,210	790	8.6	13.7	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	5,705	4,680	1,025	9.8	15.2	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,495	1,155	340	2.6	3.8	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,720	3,145	3,580	11.6	10.2	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,905	2,295	605	5.0	7.5	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	630	305	330	1.1	1.0	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,205	310	895	2.1	1.0	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	665	310	355	1.1	1.0	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,405	1,160	1,245	4.1	3.8	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,775	950	825	3.1	3.1	3.0
61 Educational services	4,125	1,105	3,020	7.1	3.6	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,595	1,340	6,255	13.1	4.4	22.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	405	530	1.6	1.3	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,695	1,450	2,240	6.4	4.7	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,585	1,370	1,215	4.5	4.5	4.5
91 Public administration	3,470	1,580	1,885	6.0	5.1	6.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,350	33,405	29,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,350	32,985	29,365	98.4	98.7	98.1
French	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	245	90	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	580	260	320	0.9	0.8	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,350	33,405	29,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,265	33,385	29,885	99.9	99.9	99.8
Official languages	63,060	33,290	29,770	99.5	99.7	99.4
English	62,980	33,265	29,720	99.4	99.6	99.2
French	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	85	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,350	33,405	29,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,585	33,065	29,525	98.8	99.0	98.6
English	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	180	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	410	200	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,585	27,575	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,325	2,715	3,610	12.0	9.8	14.4
Worked outside Canada	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,040	6,045	1,990	15.3	21.9	8.0
Usual place of work	38,180	18,780	19,400	72.6	68.1	77.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,185	18,785	19,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,075	11,930	13,145	65.7	63.5	67.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,185	5,545	5,640	29.3	29.5	29.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,775	1,175	595	4.6	6.3	3.1
Commute to a different province or territory	155	130	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,225	24,835	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,230	22,790	19,440	91.4	91.8	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,155	21,425	17,730	84.7	86.3	82.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,070	1,360	1,710	6.6	5.5	8.0
Public transit	1,070	525	545	2.3	2.1	2.5
Walked	1,740	775	970	3.8	3.1	4.5
Bicycle	275	195	70	0.6	0.8	0.3
Other method	910	550	360	2.0	2.2	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,225	24,835	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,445	11,115	12,330	50.7	44.8	57.6
15 to 29 minutes	15,260	8,445	6,815	33.0	34.0	31.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,510	2,210	1,300	7.6	8.9	6.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,350	950	400	2.9	3.8	1.9
60 minutes and over	2,660	2,110	550	5.8	8.5	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,225	24,835	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,905	3,150	755	8.4	12.7	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,065	4,475	2,590	15.3	18.0	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,635	6,600	6,035	27.3	26.6	28.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,650	4,270	6,380	23.0	17.2	29.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,550	1,820	2,725	9.8	7.3	12.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,420	4,515	2,905	16.1	18.2	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,555	12,190	11,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060	550	505	4.5	4.5	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,495	11,640	10,855	95.5	95.5	95.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,480	9,065	8,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	830	425	405	4.7	4.7	4.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	190	205	2.3	2.1	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	230	200	2.5	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,645	8,635	8,010	95.2	95.3	95.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table