Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Selkirk--Interlake--EastmanMore information: Manitoba [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	98,615	50,055	48,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,685	8,085	7,605	15.9	16.2	15.7
0 to 4 years	4,805	2,435	2,365	4.9	4.9	4.9
5 to 9 years	5,345	2,780	2,560	5.4	5.6	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,535	2,860	2,675	5.6	5.7	5.5
15 to 64 years	59,990	30,680	29,305	60.8	61.3	60.3
15 to 19 years	5,280	2,750	2,530	5.4	5.5	5.2
20 to 24 years	4,845	2,665	2,185	4.9	5.3	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,115	2,745	2,370	5.2	5.5	4.9
30 to 34 years	5,460	2,835	2,625	5.5	5.7	5.4
35 to 39 years	5,240	2,635	2,605	5.3	5.3	5.4
40 to 44 years	5,145	2,680	2,465	5.2	5.4	5.1
45 to 49 years	5,610	2,805	2,805	5.7	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,260	3,075	3,185	6.3	6.1	6.6
55 to 59 years	8,360	4,145	4,215	8.5	8.3	8.7
60 to 64 years	8,670	4,345	4,325	8.8	8.7	8.9
65 years and over	22,940	11,295	11,655	23.3	22.6	24.0
65 to 69 years	7,775	4,035	3,735	7.9	8.1	7.7
70 to 74 years	6,285	3,095	3,190	6.4	6.2	6.6
75 to 79 years	4,040	2,015	2,025	4.1	4.0	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,520	1,215	1,305	2.6	2.4	2.7
85 years and over	2,325	930	1,395	2.4	1.9	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,470	635	825	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	635	235	405	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	185	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.2	15.7	15.9	16.2	15.7
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.3	60.3	60.8	61.3	60.3
65 years and over	23.3	22.6	24.0	23.3	22.6	24.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.9	2.9	2.4	1.9	2.9
Average age of the population	44.4	43.8	45.1	44.4	43.8	45.1
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,965	...	...	84.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	635	...	...	1.6	...	...
Row house	800	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,345	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,620	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,890	...	...	27.2	...	...
2 persons	16,295	...	...	40.6	...	...
3 persons	5,340	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	4,670	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,915	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,575	47,585	46,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,935	41,975	40,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,235	25,520	25,715	61.8	60.8	62.8
Married	42,335	21,110	21,225	51.0	50.3	51.8
Living common-law	8,900	4,405	4,495	10.7	10.5	11.0
Living common law - Never married	5,850	2,920	2,930	7.1	7.0	7.2
Living common law - Separated	475	250	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,225	1,105	1,120	2.7	2.6	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	350	135	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	31,695	16,455	15,245	38.2	39.2	37.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,595	11,740	7,850	23.6	28.0	19.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,005	1,015	990	2.4	2.4	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,585	2,295	2,290	5.5	5.5	5.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,515	1,400	4,110	6.6	3.3	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,925	...	...	58.8	...	...
3 persons	5,220	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	4,430	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,200	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,880	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	20,430	...	...	71.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,530	...	...	29.6	...	...
Without children	11,905	...	...	41.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,450	...	...	15.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,775	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	2,670	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,890	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,850	...	...	9.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,040	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,575	47,580	46,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,355	39,795	39,560	83.9	83.6	84.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,765	24,815	24,955	52.6	52.2	53.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,885	1,040	2,845	4.1	2.2	6.1
Children⁶	25,700	13,940	11,755	27.2	29.3	25.0
In a two-parent family	19,580	10,515	9,065	20.7	22.1	19.3
In a one-parent family	6,110	3,425	2,690	6.5	7.2	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,225	7,790	7,430	16.1	16.4	15.8
Living alone	10,890	5,520	5,370	11.5	11.6	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,335	1,175	1,155	2.5	2.5	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,005	1,095	905	2.1	2.3	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,260	...	...	65.5	...	...
Couple-family households	23,260	...	...	58.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,545	...	...	23.8	...	...
Without children	13,720	...	...	34.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,995	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	780	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,035	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,020	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	10,885	...	...	27.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,335	39,725	39,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,240	38,690	38,550	97.4	97.4	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800	40,800	47,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,315	38,725	38,585	97.5	97.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,400	35,600	41,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,265	35,830	34,435	88.6	90.2	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	41,600	26,200	32,800	41,600	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,835	28,525	25,310	67.9	71.8	63.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,200	29,200	35,200	43,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,520	34,435	35,085	87.6	86.7	88.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,500	10,900	9,700	8,500	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,470	4,290	4,185	10.7	10.8	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,280	5,480	5,760	6,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,025	6,935	8,095	18.9	17.5	20.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,225	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,220	38,650	38,575	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,880	58,000	41,760	49,880	58,000	41,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,330	38,695	38,635	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,880	46,400	35,360	40,880	46,400	35,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,005	35,695	34,315	88.4	90.0	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	53,250	35,000	44,280	53,250	35,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,760	28,410	25,350	67.9	71.6	64.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,720	53,350	37,160	45,720	53,350	37,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,730	34,405	35,325	88.0	86.7	89.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,760	9,910	11,590	10,760	9,910	11,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,635	4,335	4,300	10.9	10.9	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	7,380	7,020	7,200	7,380	7,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,795	6,795	8,000	18.7	17.1	20.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,360	8,160	8,530	8,360	8,160	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,225	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,790	15,005	10,785	32.6	37.8	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	52,400	60,000	66,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	75,500	58,600	68,500	75,500	58,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,435	9,495	10,940	25.8	23.9	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,400	17,200	18,600	20,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,840	33,120	23,240	27,840	33,120	23,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	84.8	74.6	80.6	84.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8	67.6	58.5	63.8	67.6	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	15.2	25.4	19.5	15.2	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.2	5.8	4.2	3.2	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.5	4.2	3.2	2.5	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,335	39,725	39,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,095	1,035	1,060	2.6	2.6	2.7
With total income	77,240	38,690	38,550	97.4	97.4	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,610	3,010	3,595	8.6	7.8	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,960	3,445	5,520	11.6	8.9	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,110	5,075	7,035	15.7	13.1	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,360	4,430	5,935	13.4	11.4	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	9,265	4,360	4,905	12.0	11.3	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,375	3,885	3,485	9.5	10.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,500	3,170	2,325	7.1	8.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,355	2,740	1,615	5.6	7.1	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,475	2,160	1,315	4.5	5.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,635	1,610	1,020	3.4	4.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	6,595	4,805	1,790	8.5	12.4	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,855	3,515	1,340	6.3	9.1	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,735	1,295	445	2.2	3.3	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,335	39,725	39,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,020	995	1,025	2.5	2.5	2.6
With after-tax income	77,315	38,725	38,585	97.5	97.5	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,175	3,180	3,995	9.3	8.2	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,800	3,830	5,965	12.7	9.9	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,255	5,915	8,340	18.4	15.3	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,555	5,730	6,825	16.2	14.8	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,470	5,415	5,060	13.5	14.0	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,520	4,395	3,125	9.7	11.3	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,470	3,465	2,010	7.1	8.9	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,975	2,450	1,530	5.1	6.3	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,235	1,515	720	2.9	3.9	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	935	375	1.7	2.4	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,550	1,905	650	3.3	4.9	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,420	1,080	345	1.8	2.8	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,130	825	310	1.5	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,335	39,725	39,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,500	11,200	14,300	32.1	28.2	36.1
With employment income	53,835	28,525	25,310	67.9	71.8	63.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,070	4,105	3,960	15.0	14.4	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,125	1,825	2,305	7.7	6.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,475	2,895	3,580	12.0	10.1	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,470	2,375	3,095	10.2	8.3	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,155	2,330	2,825	9.6	8.2	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,595	2,185	2,405	8.5	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,025	2,240	1,790	7.5	7.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,395	2,030	1,365	6.3	7.1	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,905	1,895	1,015	5.4	6.6	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,610	1,625	985	4.8	5.7	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,260	785	3.8	4.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	4,960	3,760	1,200	9.2	13.2	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,680	1,970	720	5.0	6.9	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,280	1,790	485	4.2	6.3	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,335	39,725	39,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,440	37,720	37,720	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,000	33,200	39,600	48,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,485	37,725	37,755	95.1	95.0	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	29,800	34,800	41,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,375	35,285	34,090	87.4	88.8	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,600	28,000	34,800	43,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,455	28,645	25,810	68.6	72.1	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,200	30,400	36,800	45,200	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,850	32,345	32,505	81.7	81.4	82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	3,320	7,750	6,400	3,320	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,295	3,720	3,580	9.2	9.4	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	7,700	5,640	6,800	7,700	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,225	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,285	37,650	37,635	95.0	94.9	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	57,900	40,080	49,000	57,900	40,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,315	37,660	37,655	95.1	94.9	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,920	46,080	33,800	39,920	46,080	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,115	35,160	33,950	87.2	88.6	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	54,800	35,640	45,400	54,800	35,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,460	28,510	25,950	68.7	71.8	65.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,320	54,400	37,400	46,320	54,400	37,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,020	32,415	32,605	82.1	81.7	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,860	9,140	8,500	7,860	9,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,620	3,975	3,650	9.6	10.0	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,020	8,190	7,840	8,020	8,190	7,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,225	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,550	14,855	10,695	32.2	37.4	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	65,000	49,600	58,000	65,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	72,500	55,600	65,500	72,500	55,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,195	8,890	10,310	24.2	22.4	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,400	22,200	24,400	28,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,880	40,720	28,000	33,880	40,720	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.4	80.2	85.0	88.4	80.2
Employment income (%)	68.4	71.2	64.4	68.4	71.2	64.4
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.7	19.8	15.0	11.7	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,440	...	...	40,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	585	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,400	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,295	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,575	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,685	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,630	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,235	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,060	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,855	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,990	...	...	37.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,785	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,470	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,955	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,765	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,755	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,630	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,620	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,940	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,110	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,880	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,910	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,705	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,405	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,795	...	...	26.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,595	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,845	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,355	...	...	8.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,895	6,615	6,280	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	43,600	35,600	39,200	43,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,600	32,400	34,800	37,600	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...	65,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,935	6,580	6,360	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,280	51,120	43,280	47,280	51,120	43,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,360	41,720	36,960	39,360	41,720	36,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,575	47,580	46,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,420	9,525	8,895	19.5	20.0	18.9
0 to 5 years	5,685	2,870	2,815	6.0	6.0	6.0
18 to 64 years	54,360	27,230	27,125	57.5	57.2	57.7
65 years and over	21,800	10,830	10,970	23.1	22.8	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,645	5,510	6,130	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,000	1,510	1,490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,015	490	525	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,555	2,700	2,860	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,085	1,305	1,780	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.3	11.6	13.0	12.3	11.6	13.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.3	15.9	16.7	16.3	15.9	16.7
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.0	18.7	17.8	17.0	18.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	9.9	10.5	10.2	9.9	10.5
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.0	16.3	14.2	12.0	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,245	46,920	46,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,935	9,280	8,655	19.2	19.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	5,515	2,790	2,720	5.9	5.9	5.9
18 to 64 years	53,600	26,845	26,745	57.5	57.2	57.7
65 years and over	21,710	10,790	10,920	23.3	23.0	23.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,620	1,410	1,205	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	555	295	265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,770	970	800	...	...	...
65 years and over	290	150	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.7	3.0	3.2	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,575	47,585	46,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,885	24,860	26,020	53.8	52.2	55.4
In bottom decile	9,590	4,655	4,940	10.1	9.8	10.5
In second decile	10,870	5,045	5,830	11.5	10.6	12.4
In third decile	10,100	4,980	5,120	10.7	10.5	10.9
In fourth decile	10,350	5,145	5,205	10.9	10.8	11.1
In fifth decile	9,970	5,035	4,935	10.5	10.6	10.5
In top half of the distribution	43,695	22,725	20,975	46.2	47.8	44.6
In sixth decile	10,110	5,205	4,905	10.7	10.9	10.4
In seventh decile	9,800	5,025	4,785	10.4	10.6	10.2
In eighth decile	9,665	5,065	4,605	10.2	10.6	9.8
In ninth decile	8,250	4,365	3,890	8.7	9.2	8.3
In top decile	5,865	3,070	2,795	6.2	6.5	5.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,580	...	...	94,580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	96,285	48,300	47,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90,280	45,615	44,665	93.8	94.4	93.1
French only	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,680	2,530	3,145	5.9	5.2	6.6
Neither English nor French	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	96,285	48,300	47,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,130	47,250	46,880	97.8	97.8	97.7
French	1,780	870	910	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	96,285	48,300	47,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,560	47,510	47,050	98.2	98.4	98.1
Official languages	85,615	43,180	42,435	88.9	89.4	88.4
English	83,605	42,205	41,400	86.8	87.4	86.3
French	2,010	980	1,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Non-official languages	8,945	4,330	4,615	9.3	9.0	9.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	360	160	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	325	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,585	4,170	4,415	8.9	8.6	9.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	385	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	350	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,640	3,700	3,935	7.9	7.7	8.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,870	905	965	1.9	1.9	2.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,855	900	955	1.9	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	450	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	245	120	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	995	465	530	1.0	1.0	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,615	2,205	2,410	4.8	4.6	5.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,340	1,555	1,790	3.5	3.2	3.7
German	3,310	1,535	1,775	3.4	3.2	3.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,030	535	495	1.1	1.1	1.0
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	640	325	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	475	245	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	445	230	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	165	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	645	325	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	295	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,720	790	935	1.8	1.6	1.9
English and French	435	195	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,160	530	625	1.2	1.1	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	96,285	48,300	47,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	88,625	44,700	43,925	92.0	92.5	91.5
French	285	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	2,195	1,045	1,155	2.3	2.2	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,185	1,040	1,145	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	850	390	460	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	4,130	1,950	2,180	4.3	4.0	4.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	96,285	48,300	47,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,370	47,870	47,495	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	91,930	46,240	45,690	95.5	95.7	95.2
English	91,525	46,050	45,475	95.1	95.3	94.8
French	405	190	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	3,435	1,630	1,805	3.6	3.4	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,395	1,615	1,780	3.5	3.3	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,870	1,345	1,530	3.0	2.8	3.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	140	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,980	895	1,080	2.1	1.9	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,635	720	910	1.7	1.5	1.9
German	1,625	715	905	1.7	1.5	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	355	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	915	435	485	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	740	355	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	96,285	48,300	47,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,910	46,250	45,655	95.5	95.8	95.2
English	1,145	535	610	1.2	1.1	1.3
French	600	275	325	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,275	1,075	1,200	2.4	2.2	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,110	1,000	1,115	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,425	47,520	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	94,170	47,395	46,770	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	94,140	47,385	46,760	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	5,645	2,370	3,270	6.0	5.0	7.0
Non-official languages	9,780	4,790	4,985	10.4	10.1	10.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	605	250	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	490	190	305	0.5	0.4	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	350	140	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	350	140	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	290	120	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,185	4,550	4,635	9.7	9.6	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	205	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	205	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,860	3,920	3,930	8.3	8.2	8.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,485	1,225	1,260	2.6	2.6	2.7
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,470	1,220	1,245	2.6	2.6	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	575	305	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	585	300	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,240	600	640	1.3	1.3	1.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,975	2,020	1,955	4.2	4.3	4.2
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,755	1,410	1,345	2.9	3.0	2.9
German	2,700	1,375	1,330	2.9	2.9	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,105	550	560	1.2	1.2	1.2
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	260	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	685	350	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	260	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	520	260	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	475	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	155	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,370	695	675	1.5	1.5	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	460	245	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	780	365	410	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,430	47,525	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20,320	9,910	10,410	21.5	20.9	22.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	19,900	9,745	10,160	21.1	20.5	21.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,760	3,120	3,640	7.2	6.6	7.8
Métis	13,120	6,615	6,510	13.9	13.9	13.9
Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	325	130	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	74,105	37,615	36,495	78.5	79.1	77.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,430	47,525	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,990	2,775	3,215	6.3	5.8	6.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,440	44,750	43,690	93.7	94.2	93.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,605	...	...	83.9	...	...
Renter	6,205	...	...	15.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,665	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not condominium	38,375	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,715	...	...	6.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,680	...	...	24.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,810	...	...	44.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,710	...	...	24.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,455	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,125	...	...	20.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,625	...	...	19.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,610	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,230	...	...	28.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,650	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,930	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,115	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,035	...	...	20.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,115	...	...	30.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,025	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,920	...	...	12.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,095	...	...	5.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,550	...	...	6.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,285	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,015	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,890	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,150	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,015	...	...	50.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,055	...	...	47.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	970	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	690	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,175	...	...	10.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,370	...	...	13.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,275	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,400	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,385	...	...	20.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,325	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,415	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,675	...	...	87.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,630	...	...	12.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,150	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,160	...	...	20.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,105	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	805	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,530	...	...	6.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,880	...	...	79.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,490	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	34,335	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.3	...	...	55.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,059	...	...	1,059	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	314,400	...	...	314,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.5	...	...	29.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	908	...	...	908	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	225	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	100	...	...	100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	188	...	...	188	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,430	47,520	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,430	3,655	3,775	7.9	7.7	8.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,170	3,520	3,650	7.6	7.4	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,370	2,095	2,270	4.6	4.4	4.8
Métis single ancestry	2,790	1,420	1,370	3.0	3.0	2.9
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	12,485	6,095	6,395	13.2	12.8	13.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	11,930	5,880	6,055	12.6	12.4	12.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,350	1,980	2,375	4.6	4.2	5.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,550	3,885	3,670	8.0	8.2	7.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	555	215	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535	215	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	74,505	37,765	36,735	78.9	79.5	78.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,430	47,525	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	92,470	46,600	45,870	97.9	98.1	97.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,085	9,365	8,730	19.2	19.7	18.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,380	37,240	37,145	78.8	78.4	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,955	920	1,035	2.1	1.9	2.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,430	47,525	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,775	44,215	43,555	93.0	93.0	92.9
Immigrants⁸¹	6,395	3,165	3,230	6.8	6.7	6.9
Before 1980	2,620	1,285	1,335	2.8	2.7	2.8
1980 to 1990	745	360	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
1991 to 2000	550	230	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,085	630	460	1.1	1.3	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,400	655	745	1.5	1.4	1.6
2011 to 2015	660	295	365	0.7	0.6	0.8
2016 to 2021	740	365	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,395	3,165	3,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	920	445	475	14.4	14.1	14.7
5 to 14 years	1,630	890	740	25.5	28.1	22.9
15 to 24 years	1,400	665	735	21.9	21.0	22.8
25 to 44 years	2,130	1,000	1,130	33.3	31.6	35.0
45 years and over	315	165	150	4.9	5.2	4.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,395	3,165	3,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,330	635	700	20.8	20.1	21.7
Brazil	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Haiti	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Mexico	135	75	65	2.1	2.4	2.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
United States of America	595	255	340	9.3	8.1	10.5
Other places of birth in Americas	470	245	225	7.3	7.7	7.0
Europe	3,515	1,830	1,685	55.0	57.8	52.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Croatia	60	45	15	0.9	1.4	0.5
France	70	40	30	1.1	1.3	0.9
Germany	765	405	360	12.0	12.8	11.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	55	35	20	0.9	1.1	0.6
Italy	45	30	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Netherlands	260	125	135	4.1	3.9	4.2
Poland	305	155	150	4.8	4.9	4.6
Portugal	245	130	115	3.8	4.1	3.6
Romania	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	85	50	40	1.3	1.6	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	155	85	70	2.4	2.7	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,045	520	525	16.3	16.4	16.3
Other places of birth in Europe	365	195	165	5.7	6.2	5.1
Africa	165	85	80	2.6	2.7	2.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30	0.9	0.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	0.9	0.9	0.8
Asia	1,330	600	725	20.8	19.0	22.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	0.7	0.8	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	25	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	480	195	285	7.5	6.2	8.8
Viet Nam	50	20	30	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	395	190	200	6.2	6.0	6.2
Pakistan	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	165	75	85	2.6	2.4	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	15	35	0.9	0.5	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	740	365	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	250	115	135	33.8	31.5	36.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
United States of America	135	60	70	18.2	16.4	18.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	35	50	11.5	9.6	13.3
Europe	90	45	45	12.2	12.3	12.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	10	4.1	6.8	2.7
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	2.0	0.0	4.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.7
Africa	30	20	10	4.1	5.5	2.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	360	180	175	48.6	49.3	46.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	85	115	27.0	23.3	30.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	25	10	4.7	6.8	2.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	40	35	10.1	11.0	9.3
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	1.4	2.7	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	30	15	6.1	8.2	4.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,425	47,520	46,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,300	3,615	3,685	7.7	7.6	7.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,575	6,320	6,255	13.3	13.3	13.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,550	37,580	36,970	79.0	79.1	78.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,775	1,880	1,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,230	1,145	1,085	59.1	60.9	57.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	785	545	245	20.8	29.0	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,440	605	840	38.1	32.2	44.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,235	570	660	32.7	30.3	34.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	280	150	130	7.4	8.0	6.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,775	1,880	1,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	20	0.9	1.1	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	515	275	240	13.6	14.6	12.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115	85	30	3.0	4.5	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	55	75	3.4	2.9	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,945	1,440	1,515	78.0	76.6	79.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,430	47,520	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,860	1,420	1,440	3.0	3.0	3.1
South Asian	775	400	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	420	235	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Filipino	760	360	405	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,570	46,100	45,465	97.0	97.0	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,430	47,520	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,955	4,500	4,455	9.5	9.5	9.5
English	20,770	10,035	10,740	22.0	21.1	22.9
Irish	12,930	5,940	6,980	13.7	12.5	14.9
Scottish	18,490	9,010	9,485	19.6	19.0	20.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,390	5,690	5,700	12.1	12.0	12.2
German	18,485	9,375	9,110	19.6	19.7	19.4
Chinese	255	95	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,405	645	760	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indian (India)	530	305	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukrainian	20,235	10,255	9,975	21.4	21.6	21.3
Dutch	4,085	2,060	2,025	4.3	4.3	4.3
Polish	10,390	5,435	4,960	11.0	11.4	10.6
Québécois	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,085	1,045	1,035	2.2	2.2	2.2
Filipino	790	370	420	0.8	0.8	0.9
French Canadian	795	450	345	0.8	0.9	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	990	525	455	1.0	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,445	2,055	2,385	4.7	4.3	5.1
Métis	11,140	5,650	5,490	11.8	11.9	11.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,140	585	555	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	2,850	1,400	1,450	3.0	2.9	3.1
Norwegian	1,840	900	950	1.9	1.9	2.0
Welsh	1,805	815	990	1.9	1.7	2.1
Portuguese	875	450	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	790	395	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	375	135	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swedish	2,350	1,100	1,245	2.5	2.3	2.7
Hungarian	865	415	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	390	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	145	110	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,650	805	850	1.7	1.7	1.8
Korean	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	395	215	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	205	75	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	795	360	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,275	625	645	1.4	1.3	1.4
Sikh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	1,255	685	575	1.3	1.4	1.2
Belgian	1,600	785	810	1.7	1.7	1.7
Haitian	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	2,510	1,260	1,260	2.7	2.7	2.7
Swiss	505	220	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Finnish	440	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	240	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	7,605	3,805	3,805	8.1	8.0	8.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	1,495	680	810	1.6	1.4	1.7
Newfoundlander	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	210	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	240	105	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	250	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	185	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	360	140	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	445	240	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,430	47,520	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	49,600	23,565	26,035	52.5	49.6	55.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,265	3,990	4,270	8.8	8.4	9.1
Anabaptist	1,395	715	680	1.5	1.5	1.4
Anglican	4,970	2,185	2,790	5.3	4.6	5.9
Baptist	1,265	590	675	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catholic	17,695	8,680	9,020	18.7	18.3	19.2
Christian Orthodox	690	315	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	235	80	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	5,780	2,720	3,055	6.1	5.7	6.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	645	260	385	0.7	0.5	0.8
Presbyterian	510	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	5,750	2,560	3,185	6.1	5.4	6.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,075	1,050	1,025	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hindu	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	295	110	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	505	185	320	0.5	0.4	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	755	320	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	42,650	23,020	19,630	45.2	48.4	41.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,605	47,040	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	84,865	42,785	42,075	90.7	91.0	90.4
Movers	8,740	4,255	4,485	9.3	9.0	9.6
Non-migrants	3,055	1,445	1,605	3.3	3.1	3.4
Migrants	5,690	2,810	2,880	6.1	6.0	6.2
Internal migrants	5,545	2,755	2,790	5.9	5.9	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,970	2,455	2,520	5.3	5.2	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	570	300	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	145	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	89,870	45,130	44,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,535	30,820	29,715	67.4	68.3	66.4
Movers	29,330	14,305	15,030	32.6	31.7	33.6
Non-migrants	6,445	3,095	3,355	7.2	6.9	7.5
Migrants	22,885	11,210	11,675	25.5	24.8	26.1
Internal migrants	22,160	10,900	11,260	24.7	24.2	25.2
Intraprovincial migrants	20,255	9,995	10,260	22.5	22.1	22.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,900	900	1,000	2.1	2.0	2.2
External migrants	730	310	415	0.8	0.7	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,225	39,685	39,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,675	10,675	7,995	23.6	26.9	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,550	29,005	31,550	76.4	73.1	79.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,650	23,530	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,540	4,595	2,945	15.8	19.5	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,110	18,935	21,175	84.2	80.5	87.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,230	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,160	9,160	7,000	20.4	23.1	17.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,850	13,350	13,505	33.9	33.6	34.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,215	17,170	19,045	45.7	43.3	48.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,140	13,340	12,800	33.0	33.6	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,765	6,025	1,740	9.8	15.2	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,980	1,865	1,115	3.8	4.7	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,780	4,155	625	6.0	10.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,980	6,240	9,735	20.2	15.7	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,405	1,075	1,325	3.0	2.7	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,075	3,835	6,245	12.7	9.7	15.8
Bachelor's degree	7,470	2,750	4,715	9.4	6.9	11.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	320	690	1.3	0.8	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,165	530	630	1.5	1.3	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	120	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,650	23,535	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,330	3,920	2,410	13.3	16.7	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,100	8,195	7,905	33.8	34.8	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,220	11,410	13,810	52.9	48.5	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,035	9,000	9,030	37.8	38.2	37.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,020	3,900	1,115	10.5	16.6	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,790	1,075	715	3.8	4.6	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,230	2,830	400	6.8	12.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,365	4,350	7,015	23.9	18.5	29.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,650	755	895	3.5	3.2	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,190	2,410	4,780	15.1	10.2	19.8
Bachelor's degree	5,520	1,860	3,660	11.6	7.9	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	650	165	485	1.4	0.7	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	745	260	485	1.6	1.1	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,225	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,010	22,515	20,500	54.3	56.7	51.8
Education	3,460	815	2,645	4.4	2.1	6.7
13. Education	3,460	815	2,645	4.4	2.1	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	645	280	370	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	550	215	330	0.7	0.5	0.8
Humanities	1,205	460	750	1.5	1.2	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	170	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	120	295	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,640	640	2,005	3.3	1.6	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	25	790	1.0	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	415	90	325	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	480	100	385	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	660	340	320	0.8	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	6,380	1,955	4,420	8.1	4.9	11.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	650	135	515	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,690	1,820	3,870	7.2	4.6	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	905	495	410	1.1	1.2	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	145	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	160	140	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	800	435	360	1.0	1.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	620	395	230	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	100	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,270	8,830	440	11.7	22.3	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	545	485	55	0.7	1.2	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,840	1,675	165	2.3	4.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,775	2,730	50	3.5	6.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,980	2,870	115	3.8	7.2	0.3
48. Precision production	1,065	1,030	40	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,645	1,080	565	2.1	2.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,280	835	445	1.6	2.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	365	245	115	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	6,665	875	5,780	8.4	2.2	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	135	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,310	725	5,580	8.0	1.8	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,585	1,300	1,285	3.3	3.3	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,400	290	1,110	1.8	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	510	385	120	0.6	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	605	55	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,655	23,535	24,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,430	12,120	10,310	47.1	51.5	42.8
Education	2,095	405	1,680	4.4	1.7	7.0
13. Education	2,095	405	1,680	4.4	1.7	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	360	145	215	0.8	0.6	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	305	120	190	0.6	0.5	0.8
Humanities	790	270	525	1.7	1.1	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	75	235	0.7	0.3	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,060	430	1,630	4.3	1.8	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	40	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	655	15	640	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	355	60	290	0.7	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	355	65	290	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	500	240	260	1.0	1.0	1.1
Business, management and public administration	4,575	1,360	3,215	9.6	5.8	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
44. Public administration and social service professions	510	95	415	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,025	1,260	2,765	8.4	5.4	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	565	250	310	1.2	1.1	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	70	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	95	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	75	55	10	0.2	0.2	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	545	310	235	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	490	305	180	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,360	5,990	375	13.3	25.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	390	345	45	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,165	1,025	135	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,025	1,980	45	4.2	8.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,120	2,025	100	4.4	8.6	0.4
48. Precision production	625	595	25	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,240	760	480	2.6	3.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	590	365	2.0	2.5	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	170	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	4,855	610	4,240	10.2	2.6	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	95	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,580	500	4,080	9.6	2.1	16.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,770	875	895	3.7	3.7	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	915	175	745	1.9	0.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	280	100	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	420	50	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,655	23,535	24,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,430	12,120	10,310	47.1	51.5	42.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,220	11,415	13,805	52.9	48.5	57.2
Location of study inside Canada	23,830	10,745	13,080	50.0	45.7	54.2
Same as province or territory of residence	21,360	9,500	11,860	44.8	40.4	49.2
Different than province or territory of residence	2,470	1,245	1,220	5.2	5.3	5.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,390	665	730	2.9	2.8	3.0
Americas	370	160	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	300	145	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	455	245	210	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	495	225	270	1.0	1.0	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	195	75	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	85	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pakistan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,225	39,680	39,545	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,145	25,100	22,040	...	...	...
Employed	43,350	23,025	20,330	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,790	2,070	1,715	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,085	14,585	17,500	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.5	63.3	55.7	59.5	63.3	55.7
Employment rate	54.7	58.0	51.4	54.7	58.0	51.4
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.2	7.8	8.0	8.2	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,225	39,680	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,325	14,235	17,095	39.5	35.9	43.2
Worked	47,900	25,450	22,455	60.5	64.1	56.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,465	15,445	11,020	33.4	38.9	27.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,435	10,005	11,430	27.1	25.2	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.6	40.7	41.7	42.6	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,140	25,100	22,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	435	445	1.9	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,255	24,660	21,595	98.1	98.2	98.0
Employee	38,875	19,715	19,165	82.5	78.5	86.9
Permanent position	32,515	16,700	15,815	69.0	66.5	71.7
Temporary position	6,370	3,015	3,350	13.5	12.0	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,485	575	910	3.2	2.3	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,885	2,440	2,445	10.4	9.7	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,380	4,950	2,430	15.7	19.7	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,140	25,100	22,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	435	445	1.9	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,255	24,660	21,595	98.1	98.2	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	485	285	200	1.0	1.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,665	1,440	5,230	14.1	5.7	23.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,820	1,395	420	3.9	5.6	1.9
3 Health occupations	3,925	645	3,285	8.3	2.6	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,020	1,730	4,290	12.8	6.9	19.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	645	220	430	1.4	0.9	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,630	3,990	5,640	20.4	15.9	25.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,640	10,655	980	24.7	42.5	4.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,640	2,785	855	7.7	11.1	3.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,790	1,520	270	3.8	6.1	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,140	25,100	22,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	435	445	1.9	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	46,255	24,660	21,595	98.1	98.2	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,400	2,400	1,000	7.2	9.6	4.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	495	460	40	1.1	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	950	805	145	2.0	3.2	0.7
23 Construction	5,365	4,695	670	11.4	18.7	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,890	2,255	635	6.1	9.0	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,540	1,210	335	3.3	4.8	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	4,770	2,290	2,480	10.1	9.1	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,795	2,200	595	5.9	8.8	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	415	235	180	0.9	0.9	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,340	355	985	2.8	1.4	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	400	220	180	0.8	0.9	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,675	705	970	3.6	2.8	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,440	885	555	3.1	3.5	2.5
61 Educational services	3,680	950	2,730	7.8	3.8	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	6,665	1,010	5,655	14.1	4.0	25.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	855	420	440	1.8	1.7	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,955	670	1,280	4.1	2.7	5.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,985	1,155	835	4.2	4.6	3.8
91 Public administration	3,600	1,740	1,860	7.6	6.9	8.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,230	27,155	24,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,205	26,730	23,475	98.0	98.4	97.5
French	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	95	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	465	110	355	0.9	0.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	360	220	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,230	27,155	24,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,125	27,110	24,020	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	50,945	26,980	23,965	99.4	99.4	99.6
English	50,750	26,930	23,820	99.1	99.2	99.0
French	190	45	145	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	185	130	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	125	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	110	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,230	27,155	24,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,495	26,870	23,625	98.6	99.0	98.2
English	165	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	325	75	250	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official language	215	125	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	185	105	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,355	23,025	20,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,785	3,295	3,495	15.6	14.3	17.2
Worked outside Canada	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,560	5,185	1,375	15.1	22.5	6.8
Usual place of work	29,925	14,485	15,435	69.0	62.9	75.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,920	14,485	15,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,415	4,135	5,280	31.5	28.5	34.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,290	3,285	4,005	24.4	22.7	25.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,975	6,880	6,090	43.4	47.5	39.5
Commute to a different province or territory	245	185	55	0.8	1.3	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,485	19,680	16,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,425	18,135	15,285	91.6	92.1	91.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,330	17,265	14,070	85.9	87.7	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,095	880	1,215	5.7	4.5	7.2
Public transit	220	140	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
Walked	1,870	855	1,020	5.1	4.3	6.1
Bicycle	235	140	95	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other method	730	400	325	2.0	2.0	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,485	19,680	16,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,275	5,590	6,685	33.6	28.4	39.8
15 to 29 minutes	8,985	4,560	4,425	24.6	23.2	26.3
30 to 44 minutes	7,865	4,705	3,150	21.6	23.9	18.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,910	2,345	1,565	10.7	11.9	9.3
60 minutes and over	3,450	2,470	985	9.5	12.6	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,485	19,680	16,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,795	2,105	690	7.7	10.7	4.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,560	4,985	2,570	20.7	25.3	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,235	5,785	4,450	28.1	29.4	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,950	3,105	4,845	21.8	15.8	28.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,435	1,370	2,065	9.4	7.0	12.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,505	2,325	2,180	12.3	11.8	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,800	9,715	9,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,370	695	675	7.3	7.2	7.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,430	9,020	8,410	92.7	92.8	92.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,795	7,170	6,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,020	520	500	7.4	7.3	7.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	250	235	3.5	3.5	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	270	270	3.9	3.8	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,780	6,655	6,120	92.6	92.8	92.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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