Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Income
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Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
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Indigenous peoples
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Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Work activity during the reference year
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Population and dwelling counts
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Kildonan--St. PaulMore information:
Manitoba
[Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
 Remove		 ManitobaMore information:

[Province]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 .. ... ... ... ... ... 1,342,153 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 .. ... ... ... ... ... 1,278,365 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 .. ... ... ... ... ... 5.0 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 .. ... ... ... ... ... 571,528 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 .. ... ... ... ... ... 518,054 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre .. ... ... ... ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres .. ... ... ... ... ... 540,310.19 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 99,620 48,535 51,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,342,150 666,490 675,660 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 16,365 8,435 7,925 16.4 17.4 15.5 252,935 129,850 123,085 18.8 19.5 18.2
0 to 4 years 5,010 2,585 2,430 5.0 5.3 4.8 80,435 41,145 39,290 6.0 6.2 5.8
5 to 9 years 5,615 2,910 2,705 5.6 6.0 5.3 86,250 44,515 41,735 6.4 6.7 6.2
10 to 14 years 5,730 2,945 2,790 5.8 6.1 5.5 86,250 44,190 42,060 6.4 6.6 6.2
15 to 64 years 63,320 31,450 31,875 63.6 64.8 62.4 860,165 432,385 427,780 64.1 64.9 63.3
15 to 19 years 5,675 2,900 2,770 5.7 6.0 5.4 80,905 41,945 38,965 6.0 6.3 5.8
20 to 24 years 6,345 3,405 2,940 6.4 7.0 5.8 91,415 48,255 43,160 6.8 7.2 6.4
25 to 29 years 5,780 2,980 2,805 5.8 6.1 5.5 90,470 46,240 44,230 6.7 6.9 6.5
30 to 34 years 6,140 3,030 3,105 6.2 6.2 6.1 91,805 45,805 46,000 6.8 6.9 6.8
35 to 39 years 6,485 3,200 3,280 6.5 6.6 6.4 90,150 44,695 45,450 6.7 6.7 6.7
40 to 44 years 6,400 3,095 3,300 6.4 6.4 6.5 84,530 41,690 42,840 6.3 6.3 6.3
45 to 49 years 6,110 3,000 3,105 6.1 6.2 6.1 80,235 39,915 40,320 6.0 6.0 6.0
50 to 54 years 6,245 3,060 3,185 6.3 6.3 6.2 78,210 38,715 39,490 5.8 5.8 5.8
55 to 59 years 7,135 3,385 3,745 7.2 7.0 7.3 87,295 43,040 44,255 6.5 6.5 6.5
60 to 64 years 7,025 3,390 3,630 7.1 7.0 7.1 85,155 42,080 43,075 6.3 6.3 6.4
65 years and over 19,935 8,650 11,290 20.0 17.8 22.1 229,050 104,255 124,795 17.1 15.6 18.5
65 to 69 years 6,300 2,970 3,325 6.3 6.1 6.5 73,060 35,565 37,495 5.4 5.3 5.5
70 to 74 years 5,135 2,310 2,825 5.2 4.8 5.5 59,955 28,295 31,665 4.5 4.2 4.7
75 to 79 years 3,300 1,490 1,810 3.3 3.1 3.5 39,885 18,500 21,385 3.0 2.8 3.2
80 to 84 years 2,465 1,015 1,460 2.5 2.1 2.9 26,890 11,700 15,185 2.0 1.8 2.2
85 years and over 2,735 860 1,870 2.7 1.8 3.7 29,255 10,190 19,065 2.2 1.5 2.8
85 to 89 years 1,725 590 1,135 1.7 1.2 2.2 17,200 6,610 10,585 1.3 1.0 1.6
90 to 94 years 775 210 560 0.8 0.4 1.1 8,970 2,845 6,125 0.7 0.4 0.9
95 to 99 years 205 55 150 0.2 0.1 0.3 2,640 650 1,995 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 85 360 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 16.4 17.4 15.5 16.4 17.4 15.5 18.8 19.5 18.2 18.8 19.5 18.2
15 to 64 years 63.6 64.8 62.4 63.6 64.8 62.4 64.1 64.9 63.3 64.1 64.9 63.3
65 years and over 20.0 17.8 22.1 20.0 17.8 22.1 17.1 15.6 18.5 17.1 15.6 18.5
85 years and over 2.7 1.8 3.7 2.7 1.8 3.7 2.2 1.5 2.8 2.2 1.5 2.8
Average age of the population 42.2 40.7 43.7 42.2 40.7 43.7 39.7 38.7 40.7 39.7 38.7 40.7
Median age of the population 42.4 40.4 44.0 42.4 40.4 44.0 38.4 37.2 39.6 38.4 37.2 39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 39,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 26,575 ... ... 67.5 ... ... 343,990 ... ... 66.4 ... ...
Semi-detached house 1,660 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 18,185 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Row house 1,200 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 19,725 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 240 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 7,445 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 5,005 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 74,865 ... ... 14.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 4,475 ... ... 11.4 ... ... 43,665 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Other single-attached house 10 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 600 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 195 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 9,590 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 39,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 10,635 ... ... 27.0 ... ... 146,225 ... ... 28.2 ... ...
2 persons 13,280 ... ... 33.7 ... ... 173,990 ... ... 33.6 ... ...
3 persons 6,010 ... ... 15.3 ... ... 74,615 ... ... 14.4 ... ...
4 persons 5,910 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 69,480 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 3,510 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 53,740 ... ... 10.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 98,460 48,165 50,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,220 656,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 83,255 40,095 43,160 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,089,215 536,645 552,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 48,510 24,250 24,265 58.3 60.5 56.2 616,260 307,545 308,715 56.6 57.3 55.9
Married 41,735 20,865 20,875 50.1 52.0 48.4 515,480 257,300 258,185 47.3 47.9 46.7
Living common-law 6,780 3,385 3,390 8.1 8.4 7.9 100,785 50,250 50,535 9.3 9.4 9.1
Living common law - Never married 4,720 2,380 2,335 5.7 5.9 5.4 75,340 37,700 37,640 6.9 7.0 6.8
Living common law - Separated 280 145 140 0.3 0.4 0.3 4,135 2,140 1,995 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 1,590 775 810 1.9 1.9 1.9 19,035 9,465 9,565 1.7 1.8 1.7
Living common law - Widowed 185 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,275 940 1,330 0.2 0.2 0.2
Not married and not living common-law 34,745 15,850 18,900 41.7 39.5 43.8 472,955 229,095 243,860 43.4 42.7 44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married 23,000 12,370 10,630 27.6 30.9 24.6 330,855 181,470 149,385 30.4 33.8 27.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated 1,795 740 1,060 2.2 1.8 2.5 24,470 10,900 13,565 2.2 2.0 2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 4,620 1,720 2,900 5.5 4.3 6.7 57,440 23,780 33,665 5.3 4.4 6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 5,335 1,030 4,310 6.4 2.6 10.0 60,190 12,945 47,250 5.5 2.4 8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 28,155 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 359,585 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 13,885 ... ... 49.3 ... ... 179,345 ... ... 49.9 ... ...
3 persons 6,005 ... ... 21.3 ... ... 73,610 ... ... 20.5 ... ...
4 persons 5,775 ... ... 20.5 ... ... 67,475 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
5 or more persons 2,485 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 39,150 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 28,155 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 359,585 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 23,815 ... ... 84.6 ... ... 298,295 ... ... 83.0 ... ...
Married couples 20,425 ... ... 72.5 ... ... 247,900 ... ... 68.9 ... ...
With children6 11,265 ... ... 40.0 ... ... 133,760 ... ... 37.2 ... ...
Without children 9,160 ... ... 32.5 ... ... 114,140 ... ... 31.7 ... ...
Common-law couples 3,390 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 50,390 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
With children6 1,375 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 20,505 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Without children 2,010 ... ... 7.1 ... ... 29,885 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Total one-parent families 4,340 ... ... 15.4 ... ... 61,295 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 3,345 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 46,900 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 1,000 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 14,390 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 98,460 48,165 50,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,215 656,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 82,105 40,905 41,205 83.4 84.9 81.9 1,067,425 530,695 536,730 81.7 81.6 81.7
Married spouses or common-law partners 47,625 23,795 23,830 48.4 49.4 47.4 596,590 297,940 298,645 45.6 45.8 45.5
Parents in one-parent families 4,345 995 3,345 4.4 2.1 6.7 61,290 14,395 46,900 4.7 2.2 7.1
Children6 30,135 16,110 14,025 30.6 33.4 27.9 409,545 218,365 191,185 31.3 33.6 29.1
In a two-parent family 23,505 12,525 10,980 23.9 26.0 21.8 306,475 162,400 144,075 23.4 25.0 21.9
In a one-parent family 6,635 3,585 3,045 6.7 7.4 6.1 103,070 55,965 47,110 7.9 8.6 7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 16,355 7,260 9,095 16.6 15.1 18.1 239,765 119,525 120,240 18.3 18.4 18.3
Living alone 10,635 4,295 6,340 10.8 8.9 12.6 146,225 68,910 77,315 11.2 10.6 11.8
Living with other relatives7 2,970 1,325 1,640 3.0 2.8 3.3 42,720 20,255 22,460 3.3 3.1 3.4
Living with non-relatives only 2,750 1,645 1,110 2.8 3.4 2.2 50,815 30,360 20,455 3.9 4.7 3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 39,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 24,875 ... ... 63.2 ... ... 313,500 ... ... 60.5 ... ...
Couple-family households 21,525 ... ... 54.7 ... ... 268,430 ... ... 51.8 ... ...
With children6 11,300 ... ... 28.7 ... ... 137,200 ... ... 26.5 ... ...
Without children 10,225 ... ... 26.0 ... ... 131,230 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
One-parent-family households 3,350 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 45,070 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 1,040 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 14,025 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 225 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 2,815 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 1,205 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 17,525 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 1,370 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 23,950 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
One-person households 10,635 ... ... 27.0 ... ... 146,225 ... ... 28.2 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 82,135 39,745 42,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 79,560 38,480 41,080 96.9 96.8 96.9 1,023,160 504,825 518,335 96.7 96.6 96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 43,200 49,200 38,400 43,200 49,200 38,400 39,200 44,000 35,600 39,200 44,000 35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 79,585 38,495 41,090 96.9 96.9 96.9 1,023,830 505,175 518,655 96.7 96.7 96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 37,600 42,000 34,400 37,600 42,000 34,400 35,200 38,400 32,000 35,200 38,400 32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 72,960 35,775 37,185 88.8 90.0 87.7 906,495 455,895 450,600 85.6 87.2 84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 37,200 44,400 30,400 37,200 44,400 30,400 34,000 40,800 27,800 34,000 40,800 27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 57,605 29,445 28,160 70.1 74.1 66.4 743,325 387,385 355,940 70.2 74.1 66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 46,400 34,800 40,400 46,400 34,800 35,600 41,200 30,200 35,600 41,200 30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 72,180 34,435 37,740 87.9 86.6 89.0 934,305 455,520 478,785 88.3 87.2 89.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,100 5,520 9,800 8,100 5,520 9,800 7,950 5,120 9,800 7,950 5,120 9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 8,565 4,055 4,510 10.4 10.2 10.6 113,175 54,570 58,610 10.7 10.4 10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,320 5,120 5,440 5,320 5,120 5,440 5,440 5,480 5,280 5,440 5,480 5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 18,555 8,905 9,655 22.6 22.4 22.8 254,050 120,985 133,060 24.0 23.2 24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 7,000 8,000 8,000 7,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 82,440 39,850 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 79,940 38,650 41,290 97.0 97.0 96.9 1,024,110 505,340 518,765 96.8 96.7 96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 54,450 63,400 46,040 54,450 63,400 46,040 49,240 55,950 42,720 49,240 55,950 42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 79,960 38,655 41,305 97.0 97.0 97.0 1,024,740 505,665 519,075 96.8 96.8 96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,160 50,120 38,600 44,160 50,120 38,600 40,640 45,080 36,360 40,640 45,080 36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 73,425 35,955 37,475 89.1 90.2 88.0 907,455 456,870 450,590 85.7 87.4 84.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 49,440 59,750 39,520 49,440 59,750 39,520 45,240 53,300 37,040 45,240 53,300 37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 57,845 29,600 28,240 70.2 74.3 66.3 743,345 387,980 355,360 70.2 74.3 66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,520 58,700 42,000 50,520 58,700 42,000 45,400 52,100 38,040 45,400 52,100 38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 72,795 34,830 37,970 88.3 87.4 89.2 935,570 456,400 479,175 88.4 87.3 89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,920 8,670 11,070 9,920 8,670 11,070 10,040 8,600 11,420 10,040 8,600 11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 8,510 4,155 4,360 10.3 10.4 10.2 112,945 54,695 58,245 10.7 10.5 10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,350 5,890 6,790 6,350 5,890 6,790 6,470 6,300 6,620 6,470 6,300 6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 18,820 9,230 9,585 22.8 23.2 22.5 252,860 120,805 132,055 23.9 23.1 24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,260 8,050 8,470 8,260 8,050 8,470 8,710 8,570 8,840 8,710 8,570 8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 82,440 39,850 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 29,880 16,735 13,145 36.2 42.0 30.9 366,740 211,220 155,520 34.7 40.4 29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 62,000 67,500 55,600 62,000 67,500 55,600 56,800 61,200 52,000 56,800 61,200 52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 73,600 82,100 62,800 73,600 82,100 62,800 66,900 72,700 59,050 66,900 72,700 59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 21,515 9,770 11,745 26.1 24.5 27.6 285,105 131,295 153,805 26.9 25.1 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 18,800 20,000 18,200 18,800 20,000 18,200 17,800 19,400 16,600 17,800 19,400 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 27,960 30,600 25,800 27,960 30,600 25,800 26,440 30,120 23,280 26,440 30,120 23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 83.4 87.6 77.8 83.4 87.6 77.8 81.4 86.2 75.4 81.4 86.2 75.4
Employment income (%)19 67.2 71.0 62.4 67.2 71.0 62.4 66.8 71.6 61.0 66.8 71.6 61.0
Government transfers (%)20 16.6 12.3 22.1 16.6 12.3 22.1 18.6 13.9 24.7 18.6 13.9 24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 4.5 3.7 5.7 4.5 3.7 5.7 5.5 4.4 6.8 5.5 4.4 6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 3.6 3.0 4.3 3.6 3.0 4.3 4.4 3.7 5.3 4.4 3.7 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 82,135 39,745 42,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 2,570 1,260 1,315 3.1 3.2 3.1 35,275 17,750 17,525 3.3 3.4 3.3
With total income 79,560 38,480 41,080 96.9 96.8 96.9 1,023,160 504,830 518,335 96.7 96.6 96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss) 6,210 2,805 3,405 7.8 7.3 8.3 101,540 48,555 52,980 9.9 9.6 10.2
$10,000 to $19,999 8,055 3,235 4,815 10.1 8.4 11.7 118,240 49,740 68,505 11.6 9.9 13.2
$20,000 to $29,999 11,890 4,755 7,140 14.9 12.3 17.4 161,905 68,870 93,030 15.8 13.6 17.9
$30,000 to $39,999 10,330 4,340 5,995 13.0 11.3 14.6 138,225 60,295 77,930 13.5 11.9 15.0
$40,000 to $49,999 9,805 4,465 5,335 12.3 11.6 13.0 124,755 58,530 66,225 12.2 11.6 12.8
$50,000 to $59,999 8,140 3,965 4,180 10.2 10.3 10.2 97,815 49,730 48,085 9.6 9.9 9.3
$60,000 to $69,999 6,180 3,345 2,835 7.8 8.7 6.9 72,980 40,630 32,350 7.1 8.0 6.2
$70,000 to $79,999 4,695 2,680 2,020 5.9 7.0 4.9 53,950 31,710 22,240 5.3 6.3 4.3
$80,000 to $89,999 3,755 2,165 1,590 4.7 5.6 3.9 41,095 24,190 16,905 4.0 4.8 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 2,980 1,655 1,325 3.8 4.3 3.2 32,150 18,190 13,960 3.1 3.6 2.7
$100,000 and over 7,525 5,075 2,450 9.5 13.2 6.0 80,510 54,380 26,125 7.9 10.8 5.0
$100,000 to $149,999 5,315 3,435 1,885 6.7 8.9 4.6 57,310 37,335 19,975 5.6 7.4 3.9
$150,000 and over 2,210 1,640 565 2.8 4.3 1.4 23,195 17,045 6,155 2.3 3.4 1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 82,135 39,745 42,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 2,545 1,250 1,300 3.1 3.1 3.1 34,600 17,400 17,200 3.3 3.3 3.2
With after-tax income 79,585 38,495 41,090 96.9 96.9 96.9 1,023,835 505,175 518,660 96.7 96.7 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 6,615 2,925 3,695 8.3 7.6 9.0 106,400 50,060 56,340 10.4 9.9 10.9
$10,000 to $19,999 8,875 3,595 5,280 11.2 9.3 12.8 127,940 54,315 73,625 12.5 10.8 14.2
$20,000 to $29,999 14,135 5,740 8,400 17.8 14.9 20.4 191,015 82,035 108,985 18.7 16.2 21.0
$30,000 to $39,999 13,060 5,760 7,300 16.4 15.0 17.8 168,620 77,035 91,585 16.5 15.2 17.7
$40,000 to $49,999 11,395 5,500 5,895 14.3 14.3 14.3 139,790 70,125 69,665 13.7 13.9 13.4
$50,000 to $59,999 8,225 4,475 3,750 10.3 11.6 9.1 99,005 54,905 44,095 9.7 10.9 8.5
$60,000 to $69,999 5,925 3,405 2,520 7.4 8.8 6.1 66,805 38,905 27,900 6.5 7.7 5.4
$70,000 to $79,999 4,295 2,400 1,890 5.4 6.2 4.6 47,350 26,925 20,425 4.6 5.3 3.9
$80,000 to $89,999 2,405 1,445 960 3.0 3.8 2.3 27,130 16,415 10,715 2.6 3.2 2.1
$90,000 to $99,999 1,555 1,010 540 2.0 2.6 1.3 16,220 10,545 5,680 1.6 2.1 1.1
$100,000 and over 3,095 2,240 860 3.9 5.8 2.1 33,560 23,920 9,645 3.3 4.7 1.9
$100,000 to $124,999 1,595 1,105 490 2.0 2.9 1.2 17,675 12,295 5,375 1.7 2.4 1.0
$125,000 and over 1,505 1,135 370 1.9 2.9 0.9 15,885 11,620 4,265 1.6 2.3 0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 82,135 39,745 42,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 24,525 10,300 14,230 29.9 25.9 33.6 315,110 135,195 179,915 29.8 25.9 33.6
With employment income 57,605 29,445 28,165 70.1 74.1 66.4 743,325 387,385 355,940 70.2 74.1 66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss) 6,765 3,070 3,695 11.7 10.4 13.1 96,985 46,125 50,855 13.0 11.9 14.3
$5,000 to $9,999 4,045 1,750 2,300 7.0 5.9 8.1 59,860 26,670 33,195 8.1 6.9 9.3
$10,000 to $19,999 6,385 2,855 3,530 11.1 9.7 12.5 92,505 42,200 50,305 12.4 10.9 14.1
$20,000 to $29,999 5,640 2,540 3,100 9.8 8.6 11.0 78,855 35,960 42,900 10.6 9.3 12.1
$30,000 to $39,999 5,600 2,610 2,990 9.7 8.9 10.6 77,580 37,430 40,150 10.4 9.7 11.3
$40,000 to $49,999 5,885 2,810 3,075 10.2 9.6 10.9 73,795 37,315 36,480 9.9 9.6 10.2
$50,000 to $59,999 4,950 2,460 2,485 8.6 8.4 8.8 59,960 33,210 26,745 8.1 8.6 7.5
$60,000 to $69,999 4,005 2,295 1,715 7.0 7.8 6.1 48,125 28,725 19,405 6.5 7.4 5.5
$70,000 to $79,999 3,365 2,010 1,360 5.9 6.8 4.8 37,685 23,180 14,505 5.1 6.0 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 2,835 1,650 1,185 4.9 5.6 4.2 31,730 18,800 12,930 4.3 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 2,450 1,365 1,085 4.3 4.6 3.9 25,570 14,610 10,955 3.4 3.8 3.1
$100,000 and over 5,675 4,025 1,650 9.9 13.7 5.9 60,675 43,165 17,505 8.2 11.1 4.9
$100,000 to $124,999 2,885 1,905 980 5.0 6.5 3.5 31,425 21,060 10,365 4.2 5.4 2.9
$125,000 and over 2,790 2,120 670 4.8 7.2 2.4 29,245 22,105 7,140 3.9 5.7 2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 82,135 39,745 42,395 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 77,630 37,450 40,180 94.5 94.2 94.8 989,280 486,735 502,540 93.5 93.1 93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 42,000 48,400 36,800 42,000 48,400 36,800 37,600 43,200 32,800 37,600 43,200 32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 77,655 37,450 40,210 94.5 94.2 94.8 989,625 486,785 502,840 93.5 93.2 93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 36,400 41,200 32,400 36,400 41,200 32,400 33,200 37,600 29,800 33,200 37,600 29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 72,185 35,320 36,865 87.9 88.9 87.0 891,950 447,480 444,475 84.3 85.6 82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 38,400 45,600 32,000 38,400 45,600 32,000 34,800 41,600 29,000 34,800 41,600 29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 58,135 29,590 28,540 70.8 74.4 67.3 744,025 385,850 358,175 70.3 73.8 66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 40,800 47,200 35,600 40,800 47,200 35,600 36,000 41,600 31,000 36,000 41,600 31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 66,810 31,910 34,895 81.3 80.3 82.3 859,170 419,045 440,125 81.2 80.2 82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 3,140 1,130 6,080 3,140 1,130 6,080 2,840 1,210 5,920 2,840 1,210 5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 6,035 2,810 3,225 7.3 7.1 7.6 81,860 39,590 42,270 7.7 7.6 7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,880 5,680 6,000 5,880 5,680 6,000 5,920 6,200 5,600 5,920 6,200 5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 82,440 39,850 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 77,910 37,615 40,290 94.5 94.4 94.6 989,725 487,255 502,470 93.5 93.3 93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,650 59,800 44,080 51,650 59,800 44,080 47,200 54,300 40,280 47,200 54,300 40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 77,940 37,615 40,320 94.5 94.4 94.7 990,055 487,280 502,775 93.5 93.3 93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 41,920 47,440 36,720 41,920 47,440 36,720 38,720 43,520 34,040 38,720 43,520 34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 72,465 35,500 36,970 87.9 89.1 86.8 892,090 447,960 444,130 84.3 85.7 82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 48,880 57,950 40,160 48,880 57,950 40,160 45,480 53,650 37,240 45,480 53,650 37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 58,295 29,740 28,560 70.7 74.6 67.1 743,680 386,010 357,670 70.3 73.9 66.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 50,320 57,850 42,480 50,320 57,850 42,480 45,360 52,200 38,000 45,360 52,200 38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 66,840 31,985 34,855 81.1 80.3 81.8 859,470 419,750 439,720 81.2 80.3 82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,240 5,985 8,380 7,240 5,985 8,380 7,150 5,825 8,410 7,150 5,825 8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 5,960 2,850 3,110 7.2 7.2 7.3 82,490 40,260 42,230 7.8 7.7 7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,440 6,460 8,340 7,440 6,460 8,340 7,410 7,120 7,690 7,410 7,120 7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 82,440 39,850 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 29,755 16,660 13,095 36.1 41.8 30.7 363,910 209,470 154,440 34.4 40.1 28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,800 64,500 53,200 58,800 64,500 53,200 53,600 58,400 48,400 53,600 58,400 48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 69,400 77,100 59,600 69,400 77,100 59,600 63,150 69,000 55,150 63,150 69,000 55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 20,360 9,245 11,110 24.7 23.2 26.1 266,100 121,985 144,115 25.1 23.3 26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 24,800 27,000 23,200 24,800 27,000 23,200 22,800 25,200 21,200 22,800 25,200 21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,440 37,000 30,440 33,440 37,000 30,440 31,560 36,240 27,560 31,560 36,240 27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 88.0 91.4 83.6 88.0 91.4 83.6 86.8 90.8 81.8 86.8 90.8 81.8
Employment income (%) 72.8 76.4 68.4 72.8 76.4 68.4 72.2 76.0 67.2 72.2 76.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 12.0 8.5 16.4 12.0 8.5 16.4 13.2 9.2 18.3 13.2 9.2 18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 39,350 ... ... ... ... ... 518,055 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 90,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 76,500 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 10,635 ... ... ... ... ... 146,225 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,400 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 36,000 ... ... 36,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 28,715 ... ... ... ... ... 371,825 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 111,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 93,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 39,435 ... ... ... ... ... 518,055 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 110,300 ... ... 110,300 ... ... 97,300 ... ... 97,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 89,600 ... ... 89,600 ... ... 80,400 ... ... 80,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 10,560 ... ... ... ... ... 146,310 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 51,200 ... ... 51,200 ... ... 50,040 ... ... 50,040 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 42,800 ... ... 42,800 ... ... 41,480 ... ... 41,480 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 28,875 ... ... ... ... ... 371,745 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 132,000 ... ... 132,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 106,600 ... ... 106,600 ... ... 95,800 ... ... 95,800 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 39,355 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 275 ... ... 0.7 ... ... 6,290 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 155 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 4,145 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 375 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 7,680 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 395 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 7,990 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,340 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 20,100 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,410 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 18,985 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,160 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 17,510 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,400 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 19,860 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,365 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 21,215 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,380 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 20,700 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 2,725 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 40,360 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 2,640 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 38,830 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 2,550 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 36,685 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 2,510 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 33,840 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,425 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 31,625 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 17,270 ... ... 43.9 ... ... 192,235 ... ... 37.1 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 5,050 ... ... 12.8 ... ... 62,870 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,800 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 43,940 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 4,620 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 49,315 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
$200,000 and over 3,795 ... ... 9.6 ... ... 36,110 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 39,355 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 340 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 7,035 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 170 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 4,245 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 380 ... ... 1.0 ... ... 7,915 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 455 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 8,810 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 1,465 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 22,210 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 1,670 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 22,280 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 1,470 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 21,475 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 1,715 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 24,610 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 1,725 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 25,320 ... ... 4.9 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 1,650 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 24,380 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 3,270 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 48,190 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 3,190 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 45,970 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 3,255 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 43,145 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 2,965 ... ... 7.5 ... ... 38,145 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 2,585 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 32,835 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 13,050 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 141,500 ... ... 27.3 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 5,100 ... ... 13.0 ... ... 59,905 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 3,305 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 36,195 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$150,000 and over 4,650 ... ... 11.8 ... ... 45,400 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 27,875 ... ... ... ... ... 356,215 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 111,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 93,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 10,330 ... ... ... ... ... 133,590 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 95,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 80,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 12,675 ... ... ... ... ... 155,030 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 140,000 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 117,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 3,970 ... ... ... ... ... 54,645 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 67,000 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 58,800 ... ... 58,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 13,385 5,935 7,450 ... ... ... 197,045 99,270 97,775 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 40,400 44,400 37,600 40,400 44,400 37,600 37,200 38,800 36,000 37,200 38,800 36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 35,600 38,400 34,000 35,600 38,400 34,000 33,600 34,400 32,800 33,600 34,400 32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 28,040 ... ... ... ... ... 356,080 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 132,200 ... ... 132,200 ... ... 116,200 ... ... 116,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 106,700 ... ... 106,700 ... ... 95,700 ... ... 95,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 10,375 ... ... ... ... ... 133,300 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 118,500 ... ... 118,500 ... ... 106,600 ... ... 106,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 94,300 ... ... 94,300 ... ... 86,600 ... ... 86,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 12,725 ... ... ... ... ... 155,485 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 159,000 ... ... 159,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 127,700 ... ... 127,700 ... ... 115,400 ... ... 115,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 4,055 ... ... ... ... ... 54,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 85,800 ... ... 85,800 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 73,900 ... ... 73,900 ... ... 65,300 ... ... 65,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 13,270 5,815 7,460 ... ... ... 197,160 98,645 98,515 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 48,600 51,600 46,280 48,600 51,600 46,280 45,880 47,720 44,040 45,880 47,720 44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 40,800 42,520 39,440 40,800 42,520 39,440 38,400 39,320 37,480 38,400 39,320 37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 98,460 48,165 50,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,220 656,970 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 19,680 10,095 9,580 20.0 21.0 19.0 296,575 152,305 144,275 22.7 23.4 22.0
0 to 5 years 6,100 3,175 2,925 6.2 6.6 5.8 95,900 49,120 46,785 7.3 7.6 7.1
18 to 64 years 59,705 29,650 30,055 60.6 61.6 59.8 796,825 398,530 398,300 61.0 61.3 60.6
65 years and over 19,075 8,415 10,660 19.4 17.5 21.2 213,785 99,390 114,395 16.4 15.3 17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 8,600 3,795 4,800 ... ... ... 185,145 87,815 97,330 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 2,115 1,095 1,020 ... ... ... 57,935 29,540 28,395 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 730 385 345 ... ... ... 21,125 10,715 10,410 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 4,200 1,975 2,225 ... ... ... 96,515 46,350 50,165 ... ... ...
65 years and over 2,285 725 1,560 ... ... ... 30,695 11,925 18,770 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 8.7 7.9 9.6 8.7 7.9 9.6 14.2 13.5 14.8 14.2 13.5 14.8
0 to 17 years (%) 10.8 10.9 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.7 19.5 19.4 19.7 19.5 19.4 19.7
0 to 5 years (%) 12.0 12.1 11.8 12.0 12.1 11.8 22.0 21.8 22.3 22.0 21.8 22.3
18 to 64 years (%) 7.0 6.7 7.4 7.0 6.7 7.4 12.1 11.6 12.6 12.1 11.6 12.6
65 years and over (%) 12.0 8.6 14.6 12.0 8.6 14.6 14.4 12.0 16.4 14.4 12.0 16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 98,460 48,165 50,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,244,390 618,665 625,725 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 19,680 10,095 9,580 20.0 21.0 19.0 270,600 139,000 131,595 21.7 22.5 21.0
0 to 5 years 6,100 3,175 2,925 6.2 6.6 5.8 87,120 44,525 42,595 7.0 7.2 6.8
18 to 64 years 59,705 29,650 30,055 60.6 61.6 59.8 763,600 382,005 381,590 61.4 61.7 61.0
65 years and over 19,075 8,415 10,660 19.4 17.5 21.2 210,200 97,660 112,535 16.9 15.8 18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 4,680 2,265 2,415 ... ... ... 78,315 40,395 37,915 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 1,115 565 545 ... ... ... 18,130 9,425 8,700 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 405 210 195 ... ... ... 6,445 3,290 3,155 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 2,955 1,485 1,475 ... ... ... 53,920 28,310 25,615 ... ... ...
65 years and over 605 215 390 ... ... ... 6,265 2,665 3,600 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 6.3 6.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.1
0 to 17 years (%) 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.6
0 to 5 years (%) 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.7 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4
18 to 64 years (%) 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 7.1 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 6.7
65 years and over (%) 3.2 2.6 3.7 3.2 2.6 3.7 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.0 2.7 3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 98,460 48,160 50,295 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,220 656,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 46,705 21,940 24,760 47.4 45.6 49.2 752,545 367,895 384,650 57.6 56.6 58.5
In bottom decile 7,415 3,475 3,940 7.5 7.2 7.8 163,795 80,430 83,370 12.5 12.4 12.7
In second decile 8,735 3,810 4,925 8.9 7.9 9.8 157,385 74,055 83,325 12.0 11.4 12.7
In third decile 9,610 4,500 5,105 9.8 9.3 10.2 150,155 73,485 76,675 11.5 11.3 11.7
In fourth decile 10,150 4,925 5,225 10.3 10.2 10.4 143,855 71,230 72,620 11.0 11.0 11.1
In fifth decile 10,795 5,235 5,560 11.0 10.9 11.1 137,355 68,700 68,655 10.5 10.6 10.5
In top half of the distribution 51,755 26,220 25,535 52.6 54.4 50.8 554,645 282,320 272,320 42.4 43.4 41.5
In sixth decile 11,205 5,585 5,620 11.4 11.6 11.2 132,600 67,115 65,490 10.1 10.3 10.0
In seventh decile 11,170 5,655 5,520 11.3 11.7 11.0 125,730 63,715 62,015 9.6 9.8 9.4
In eighth decile 11,110 5,610 5,495 11.3 11.6 10.9 117,230 59,570 57,660 9.0 9.2 8.8
In ninth decile 10,305 5,270 5,030 10.5 10.9 10.0 101,140 51,785 49,355 7.7 8.0 7.5
In top decile 7,965 4,100 3,870 8.1 8.5 7.7 77,940 40,145 37,800 6.0 6.2 5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 98,460 ... ... 98,460 ... ... 1,307,185 ... ... 1,307,185 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.312 ... ... 0.312 ... ... 0.333 ... ... 0.333 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.408 ... ... 0.408 ... ... 0.449 ... ... 0.449 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.271 ... ... 0.271 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.290 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 3.3 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 98,840 48,260 50,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 91,480 45,080 46,405 92.6 93.4 91.7 1,197,535 599,870 597,665 90.3 91.1 89.5
French only 40 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,680 805 875 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 6,300 2,705 3,590 6.4 5.6 7.1 110,435 50,380 60,055 8.3 7.6 9.0
Neither English nor French 1,015 445 575 1.0 0.9 1.1 17,160 7,680 9,480 1.3 1.2 1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 98,840 48,260 50,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 96,690 47,265 49,430 97.8 97.9 97.7 1,269,710 631,880 637,825 95.7 95.9 95.5
French 945 465 485 1.0 1.0 1.0 36,195 17,375 18,815 2.7 2.6 2.8
English and French 220 105 115 0.2 0.2 0.2 4,365 2,115 2,245 0.3 0.3 0.3
Neither English nor French 985 425 560 1.0 0.9 1.1 16,555 7,360 9,195 1.2 1.1 1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 98,840 48,260 50,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 94,875 46,395 48,475 96.0 96.1 95.8 1,268,595 630,270 638,325 95.6 95.7 95.5
Official languages 71,820 35,525 36,295 72.7 73.6 71.8 971,850 485,625 486,225 73.2 73.7 72.8
English 70,800 35,040 35,760 71.6 72.6 70.7 935,110 468,050 467,065 70.5 71.1 69.9
French 1,015 485 535 1.0 1.0 1.1 36,740 17,575 19,160 2.8 2.7 2.9
Non-official languages 23,060 10,870 12,185 23.3 22.5 24.1 296,745 144,650 152,100 22.4 22.0 22.8
Indigenous languages39 230 75 155 0.2 0.2 0.3 18,885 8,910 9,975 1.4 1.4 1.5
Algonquian languages 210 65 140 0.2 0.1 0.3 17,565 8,305 9,265 1.3 1.3 1.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 55 15 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 8,510 4,000 4,515 0.6 0.6 0.7
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 55 15 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 8,510 4,000 4,515 0.6 0.6 0.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,280 530 750 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 25 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,995 3,385 3,615 0.5 0.5 0.5
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 160 55 105 0.2 0.1 0.2 9,045 4,305 4,745 0.7 0.7 0.7
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 50 15 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 5,020 2,485 2,535 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ojibway languages 115 40 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,020 1,815 2,205 0.3 0.3 0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 445 555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s. 70 20 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 2,905 1,310 1,595 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 340 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 340 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 165 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 160 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 22,830 10,795 12,035 23.1 22.4 23.8 277,865 135,735 142,125 20.9 20.6 21.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 555 270 280 0.6 0.6 0.6 14,095 7,350 6,740 1.1 1.1 1.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 50 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,885 940 950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 155 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 180 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 590 675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 510 250 255 0.5 0.5 0.5 11,945 6,265 5,685 0.9 1.0 0.9
Amharic 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,000 955 1,045 0.2 0.1 0.2
Arabic 295 145 145 0.3 0.3 0.3 6,470 3,505 2,965 0.5 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 300 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,875 1,480 1,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 500 235 270 0.5 0.5 0.5 4,980 2,360 2,620 0.4 0.4 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 125 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 470 220 255 0.5 0.5 0.5 4,710 2,230 2,480 0.4 0.3 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 5,965 2,775 3,195 6.0 5.8 6.3 56,125 26,115 30,010 4.2 4.0 4.5
Bikol 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 250 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 110 40 70 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,150 545 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 200 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 180 80 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,515 695 820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,000 490 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pangasinan 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 5,425 2,535 2,885 5.5 5.3 5.7 50,540 23,510 27,025 3.8 3.6 4.0
Waray-Waray 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 250 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 55 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 2,295 1,275 1,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 45 30 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,330 750 580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 275 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 14,835 7,060 7,775 15.0 14.6 15.4 166,785 82,415 84,370 12.6 12.5 12.6
Albanian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 4,850 2,170 2,685 4.9 4.5 5.3 28,660 13,235 15,420 2.2 2.0 2.3
Baltic languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 4,845 2,165 2,685 4.9 4.5 5.3 28,530 13,180 15,350 2.2 2.0 2.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 75 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 500 245 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 1,455 655 795 1.5 1.4 1.6 5,300 2,380 2,915 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 770 360 410 0.8 0.7 0.8 9,095 4,440 4,655 0.7 0.7 0.7
Rusyn 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 455 210 245 0.5 0.4 0.5 2,265 1,090 1,175 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 50 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 620 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 280 125 155 0.3 0.3 0.3 915 425 490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 110 60 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 690 345 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 335 140 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 215 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 1,915 825 1,090 1.9 1.7 2.2 10,465 4,620 5,850 0.8 0.7 0.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 3,685 1,640 2,045 3.7 3.4 4.0 60,445 28,835 31,610 4.6 4.4 4.7
Frisian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 3,030 1,325 1,705 3.1 2.7 3.4 40,700 19,220 21,480 3.1 2.9 3.2
German 2,975 1,300 1,680 3.0 2.7 3.3 40,280 18,990 21,285 3.0 2.9 3.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 40 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 175 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 620 295 325 0.6 0.6 0.6 18,230 8,880 9,350 1.4 1.3 1.4
Afrikaans 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 255 130 130 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,060 1,025 1,035 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,845 1,355 1,490 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low Saxon 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 175 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 310 145 170 0.3 0.3 0.3 12,245 5,970 6,275 0.9 0.9 0.9
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 345 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Greek 65 35 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,185 590 595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 3,765 2,050 1,720 3.8 4.2 3.4 53,135 28,230 24,905 4.0 4.3 3.7
Indo-Aryan languages 3,645 1,990 1,655 3.7 4.1 3.3 49,815 26,535 23,280 3.8 4.0 3.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,130 1,310 820 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 45 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 5,245 2,830 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 200 115 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,390 1,805 1,590 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 370 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 3,285 1,790 1,500 3.3 3.7 3.0 33,315 17,605 15,710 2.5 2.7 2.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 395 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 85 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,805 2,015 1,785 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 115 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,310 1,685 1,625 0.2 0.3 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 445 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 135 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 85 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,135 1,095 1,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 60 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 585 285 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,360 710 650 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,450 1,165 1,285 2.5 2.4 2.5 22,675 11,185 11,490 1.7 1.7 1.7
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 425 200 230 0.4 0.4 0.5 3,185 1,535 1,650 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 1,120 540 580 1.1 1.1 1.1 7,390 3,620 3,770 0.6 0.5 0.6
Romanian 55 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 840 400 440 0.8 0.8 0.9 11,520 5,755 5,770 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 175 335 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korean 55 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 3,475 1,640 1,840 0.3 0.2 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 170 85 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 5,020 2,500 2,525 0.4 0.4 0.4
Akan (Twi) 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 115 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 245 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 480 530 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,675 845 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 250 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 220 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 100 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 200 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 185 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 400 180 220 0.4 0.4 0.4 20,525 9,945 10,585 1.5 1.5 1.6
Chinese languages 380 170 210 0.4 0.4 0.4 19,940 9,640 10,300 1.5 1.5 1.5
Hakka 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 100 45 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,455 6,115 6,340 0.9 0.9 0.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 240 105 135 0.2 0.2 0.3 6,795 3,195 3,595 0.5 0.5 0.5
Chinese, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 290 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 200 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 70 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,020 460 560 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 755 370 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 85 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 245 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 165 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 115 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,175 540 635 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 85 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 110 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 960 440 515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 3,965 1,860 2,110 4.0 3.9 4.2 58,220 28,465 29,750 4.4 4.3 4.5
English and French 345 165 185 0.3 0.3 0.4 7,915 3,855 4,065 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 3,225 1,520 1,705 3.3 3.1 3.4 44,745 21,925 22,820 3.4 3.3 3.4
French and non-official language(s) 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 495 480 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 330 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 310 140 170 0.3 0.3 0.3 3,855 1,870 1,985 0.3 0.3 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 98,840 48,260 50,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 75,735 37,275 38,465 76.6 77.2 76.0 989,765 494,540 495,225 74.6 75.1 74.1
French 155 70 80 0.2 0.1 0.2 9,840 4,640 5,205 0.7 0.7 0.8
Non-official language 5,045 2,485 2,565 5.1 5.1 5.1 82,575 40,585 41,990 6.2 6.2 6.3
Indigenous39 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,910 1,475 1,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 5,015 2,475 2,540 5.1 5.1 5.0 79,660 39,115 40,550 6.0 5.9 6.1
English and French 775 340 435 0.8 0.7 0.9 21,790 9,995 11,795 1.6 1.5 1.8
English and non-official language(s) 16,280 7,695 8,585 16.5 15.9 17.0 208,480 102,105 106,375 15.7 15.5 15.9
French and non-official language(s) 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 410 450 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 350 150 195 0.4 0.3 0.4 5,270 2,450 2,815 0.4 0.4 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 475 230 245 0.5 0.5 0.5 8,240 4,020 4,225 0.6 0.6 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 98,840 48,260 50,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 95,100 46,460 48,635 96.2 96.3 96.1 1,272,180 632,135 640,050 95.9 96.0 95.8
Official languages 83,540 40,800 42,735 84.5 84.5 84.5 1,099,615 546,590 553,025 82.9 83.0 82.8
English 83,325 40,695 42,625 84.3 84.3 84.3 1,084,900 539,735 545,160 81.8 81.9 81.6
French 220 105 115 0.2 0.2 0.2 14,715 6,860 7,860 1.1 1.0 1.2
Non-official languages 11,560 5,665 5,895 11.7 11.7 11.7 172,570 85,540 87,025 13.0 13.0 13.0
Indigenous languages39 60 20 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 7,625 3,850 3,770 0.6 0.6 0.6
Algonquian languages 50 15 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 7,015 3,525 3,485 0.5 0.5 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,385 1,715 1,675 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,385 1,715 1,675 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 125 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,050 1,565 1,485 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,815 1,810 0.3 0.3 0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,550 1,305 1,245 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ojibway languages 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 510 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 385 430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 250 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 250 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 250 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 11,500 5,650 5,855 11.6 11.7 11.6 164,945 81,695 83,255 12.4 12.4 12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 355 180 180 0.4 0.4 0.4 9,250 4,680 4,570 0.7 0.7 0.7
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,260 595 660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 125 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 390 485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 330 170 165 0.3 0.4 0.3 7,875 4,025 3,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Amharic 60 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,135 535 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 220 115 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 4,335 2,245 2,090 0.3 0.3 0.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 205 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,005 1,030 975 0.2 0.2 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 335 160 175 0.3 0.3 0.3 3,565 1,715 1,850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 320 155 170 0.3 0.3 0.3 3,435 1,650 1,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 3,735 1,780 1,960 3.8 3.7 3.9 36,445 17,565 18,880 2.7 2.7 2.8
Bikol 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 150 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 340 315 0.0 0.1 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 80 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 720 345 370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 625 315 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 3,515 1,675 1,840 3.6 3.5 3.6 33,565 16,130 17,435 2.5 2.4 2.6
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 45 30 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,480 800 680 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 35 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 900 500 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 6,560 3,280 3,285 6.6 6.8 6.5 91,465 45,820 45,640 6.9 7.0 6.8
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 1,950 920 1,025 2.0 1.9 2.0 11,345 5,540 5,805 0.9 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 1,950 920 1,025 2.0 1.9 2.0 11,325 5,535 5,795 0.9 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 535 245 290 0.5 0.5 0.6 1,775 800 975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 525 245 280 0.5 0.5 0.6 5,895 2,950 2,940 0.4 0.4 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 200 95 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 955 450 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 5 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 615 295 315 0.6 0.6 0.6 2,350 1,155 1,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 540 230 305 0.5 0.5 0.6 24,050 11,300 12,750 1.8 1.7 1.9
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 440 180 255 0.4 0.4 0.5 18,665 8,700 9,970 1.4 1.3 1.5
German 435 185 255 0.4 0.4 0.5 18,585 8,650 9,935 1.4 1.3 1.5
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 95 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,670 2,275 2,395 0.4 0.3 0.4
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 100 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 540 575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 90 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,005 1,470 1,535 0.2 0.2 0.2
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 300 340 0.0 0.0 0.1
Greek 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 225 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 3,115 1,685 1,430 3.2 3.5 2.8 43,605 22,965 20,635 3.3 3.5 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 3,035 1,650 1,385 3.1 3.4 2.7 41,260 21,815 19,450 3.1 3.3 2.9
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,340 765 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 2,210 1,995 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hindi 130 70 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,375 1,230 1,145 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 265 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 2,800 1,525 1,275 2.8 3.2 2.5 29,395 15,580 13,815 2.2 2.4 2.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 250 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 2,705 1,400 1,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 80 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,335 1,150 1,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 340 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 50 20 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,445 720 725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 180 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 935 475 455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 940 430 510 1.0 0.9 1.0 11,555 5,575 5,975 0.9 0.8 0.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 90 35 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 780 320 455 0.1 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 400 190 215 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,695 1,755 1,945 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 425 200 225 0.4 0.4 0.4 6,885 3,405 3,480 0.5 0.5 0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 85 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,295 1,390 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,160 1,035 1,125 0.2 0.2 0.2
Akan (Twi) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 275 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 320 385 0.1 0.0 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 340 265 0.0 0.1 0.0
American Sign Language 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 290 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 255 125 130 0.3 0.3 0.3 15,585 7,640 7,950 1.2 1.2 1.2
Chinese languages 240 115 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 15,135 7,400 7,735 1.1 1.1 1.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 75 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,985 4,955 5,025 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 145 70 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 4,795 2,270 2,525 0.4 0.3 0.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 240 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 215 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 3,745 1,795 1,950 3.8 3.7 3.9 54,635 26,605 28,025 4.1 4.0 4.2
English and French 110 50 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,330 2,015 2,315 0.3 0.3 0.3
English and non-official language(s) 3,520 1,690 1,830 3.6 3.5 3.6 48,350 23,650 24,700 3.6 3.6 3.7
French and non-official language(s) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 190 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 280 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 70 30 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,000 465 535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 98,840 48,260 50,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 84,085 41,355 42,735 85.1 85.7 84.5 1,128,495 562,275 566,225 85.1 85.4 84.8
English 5,235 2,555 2,680 5.3 5.3 5.3 73,880 36,630 37,250 5.6 5.6 5.6
French 680 290 390 0.7 0.6 0.8 14,475 6,645 7,830 1.1 1.0 1.2
Non-official language 7,090 3,225 3,870 7.2 6.7 7.7 86,505 41,355 45,150 6.5 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 170 75 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 12,015 5,565 6,455 0.9 0.8 1.0
Non-Indigenous 6,920 3,150 3,775 7.0 6.5 7.5 74,485 35,790 38,695 5.6 5.4 5.8
English and French 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 750 335 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 880 430 450 0.9 0.9 0.9 12,370 6,345 6,025 0.9 1.0 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 210 85 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,360 1,060 1,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 620 295 320 0.6 0.6 0.6 7,810 4,005 3,805 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 98,895 48,420 50,475 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 97,925 48,015 49,910 99.0 99.2 98.9 1,290,665 642,990 647,680 98.7 98.9 98.6
English 97,865 47,975 49,890 99.0 99.1 98.8 1,288,945 642,225 646,720 98.6 98.8 98.4
French 6,410 2,775 3,635 6.5 5.7 7.2 111,785 51,090 60,700 8.6 7.9 9.2
Non-official languages 30,220 14,210 16,010 30.6 29.3 31.7 380,140 185,575 194,565 29.1 28.5 29.6
Indigenous languages39 350 130 220 0.4 0.3 0.4 34,405 16,285 18,120 2.6 2.5 2.8
Algonquian languages 335 125 210 0.3 0.3 0.4 32,200 15,235 16,965 2.5 2.3 2.6
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 130 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,120 7,560 8,560 1.2 1.2 1.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 130 65 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,115 7,555 8,560 1.2 1.2 1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 30 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 50 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 2,330 955 1,375 0.2 0.1 0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 65 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 65 45 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 13,310 6,420 6,890 1.0 1.0 1.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 220 70 155 0.2 0.1 0.3 16,400 7,835 8,560 1.3 1.2 1.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,910 4,445 4,460 0.7 0.7 0.7
Ojibway languages 200 55 145 0.2 0.1 0.3 7,595 3,450 4,150 0.6 0.5 0.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 1,690 725 960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s. 140 45 95 0.1 0.1 0.2 5,695 2,630 3,070 0.4 0.4 0.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 425 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 410 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 410 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 155 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 405 495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 885 405 485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 29,870 14,075 15,795 30.2 29.1 31.3 346,060 169,435 176,630 26.5 26.1 26.9
Afro-Asiatic languages 965 455 510 1.0 0.9 1.0 22,735 11,625 11,115 1.7 1.8 1.7
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 235 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 230 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 2,495 1,225 1,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 200 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 205 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,690 810 875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 950 445 500 1.0 0.9 1.0 20,430 10,430 10,000 1.6 1.6 1.5
Amharic 160 100 60 0.2 0.2 0.1 4,055 1,905 2,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Arabic 510 235 270 0.5 0.5 0.5 10,275 5,425 4,850 0.8 0.8 0.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 245 120 130 0.2 0.2 0.3 3,800 1,955 1,850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 135 50 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 4,475 2,225 2,245 0.3 0.3 0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 620 310 315 0.6 0.6 0.6 6,645 3,125 3,520 0.5 0.5 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 175 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 595 295 300 0.6 0.6 0.6 6,260 2,945 3,310 0.5 0.5 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 8,230 3,805 4,425 8.3 7.9 8.8 74,995 35,135 39,860 5.7 5.4 6.1
Bikol 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 145 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 85 30 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 960 430 525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 115 65 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,045 1,065 985 0.2 0.2 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 45 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 820 395 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 365 185 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,395 1,585 1,815 0.3 0.2 0.3
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 195 110 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,830 905 925 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pangasinan 55 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 335 125 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 8,170 3,775 4,395 8.3 7.8 8.7 73,440 34,315 39,130 5.6 5.3 6.0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 135 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 80 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,240 620 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 45 25 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,580 740 840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 155 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 90 40 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,300 1,800 1,500 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kannada 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 180 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,740 930 810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 645 455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 320 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 18,750 8,935 9,815 19.0 18.5 19.4 196,040 97,895 98,150 15.0 15.1 14.9
Albanian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 220 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 6,140 2,800 3,345 6.2 5.8 6.6 36,420 16,940 19,480 2.8 2.6 3.0
Baltic languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 45 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 6,130 2,795 3,340 6.2 5.8 6.6 36,340 16,910 19,430 2.8 2.6 3.0
Belarusian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 30 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 100 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 550 255 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 55 15 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 1,990 960 1,030 2.0 2.0 2.0 7,045 3,285 3,760 0.5 0.5 0.6
Russian 1,515 755 760 1.5 1.6 1.5 14,835 7,225 7,600 1.1 1.1 1.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 545 255 285 0.6 0.5 0.6 2,915 1,445 1,475 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 90 40 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 950 470 480 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 380 190 190 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,500 750 745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,235 615 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 425 155 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 90 25 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 315 125 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 2,965 1,300 1,665 3.0 2.7 3.3 14,845 6,585 8,260 1.1 1.0 1.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 185 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 90 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 40 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 4,625 2,085 2,535 4.7 4.3 5.0 61,790 30,450 31,335 4.7 4.7 4.8
Frisian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 4,055 1,800 2,255 4.1 3.7 4.5 42,555 20,860 21,685 3.3 3.2 3.3
German 3,980 1,775 2,205 4.0 3.7 4.4 41,980 20,605 21,375 3.2 3.2 3.3
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 135 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 80 25 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 425 155 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 760 360 395 0.8 0.7 0.8 22,220 11,000 11,220 1.7 1.7 1.7
Afrikaans 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 520 475 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 265 115 145 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,840 1,380 1,465 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 70 40 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,275 1,615 1,665 0.3 0.2 0.3
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 400 200 200 0.4 0.4 0.4 15,055 7,445 7,610 1.2 1.1 1.2
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 80 40 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,220 615 605 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 215 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 175 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,620 860 760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 4,490 2,460 2,030 4.5 5.1 4.0 66,340 35,640 30,695 5.1 5.5 4.7
Indo-Aryan languages 4,340 2,390 1,950 4.4 4.9 3.9 62,505 33,645 28,860 4.8 5.2 4.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,740 1,635 1,105 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 45 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 6,535 3,685 2,850 0.5 0.6 0.4
Hindi 1,675 900 770 1.7 1.9 1.5 26,980 14,375 12,610 2.1 2.2 1.9
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 245 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 805 405 405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 3,940 2,155 1,785 4.0 4.5 3.5 42,820 22,950 19,870 3.3 3.5 3.0
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,205 605 595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 210 125 90 0.2 0.3 0.2 6,800 3,660 3,140 0.5 0.6 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 170 80 90 0.2 0.2 0.2 4,175 2,180 1,995 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 590 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 255 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 95 50 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,615 1,390 1,225 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 420 450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 45 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,590 885 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 135 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 4,030 1,840 2,190 4.1 3.8 4.3 37,540 18,165 19,375 2.9 2.8 2.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 680 320 360 0.7 0.7 0.7 5,230 2,505 2,725 0.4 0.4 0.4
Portuguese 1,615 735 880 1.6 1.5 1.7 9,590 4,735 4,855 0.7 0.7 0.7
Romanian 70 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 665 345 320 0.1 0.1 0.0
Spanish 1,750 805 945 1.8 1.7 1.9 23,435 11,295 12,140 1.8 1.7 1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 110 45 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,505 765 740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 105 50 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,330 2,075 2,255 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 490 245 240 0.5 0.5 0.5 14,260 7,240 7,020 1.1 1.1 1.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 250 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 145 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 110 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,680 940 745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 475 245 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 270 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 210 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 155 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 170 90 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,005 1,500 1,505 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 200 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 145 60 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 6,075 3,030 3,045 0.5 0.5 0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 80 35 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,790 900 890 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 50 20 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 550 280 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 150 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 230 75 155 0.2 0.2 0.3 2,570 925 1,650 0.2 0.1 0.3
American Sign Language 225 75 155 0.2 0.2 0.3 2,370 830 1,545 0.2 0.1 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 535 220 315 0.5 0.5 0.6 23,835 11,375 12,460 1.8 1.7 1.9
Chinese languages 520 210 310 0.5 0.4 0.6 23,215 11,080 12,135 1.8 1.7 1.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 185 75 110 0.2 0.2 0.2 16,765 8,055 8,715 1.3 1.2 1.3
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 220 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 365 155 215 0.4 0.3 0.4 8,920 4,135 4,790 0.7 0.6 0.7
Chinese, n.o.s. 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 300 330 0.0 0.0 0.1
Burmese 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 190 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,645 720 920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 45 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,210 565 650 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 235 385 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 415 320 0.1 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 355 280 0.0 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 185 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,510 690 815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 185 90 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,255 585 675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 145 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 98,895 48,425 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 10,975 5,255 5,725 11.1 10.9 11.3 237,185 115,585 121,605 18.1 17.8 18.5
Single Indigenous responses46 10,655 5,120 5,535 10.8 10.6 11.0 232,345 113,375 118,970 17.8 17.4 18.1
First Nations (North American Indian) 4,015 1,865 2,150 4.1 3.9 4.3 134,890 65,230 69,660 10.3 10.0 10.6
Métis 6,575 3,230 3,340 6.6 6.7 6.6 96,725 47,820 48,910 7.4 7.4 7.4
Inuk (Inuit) 70 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 725 330 395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 265 110 155 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,935 1,300 1,635 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,905 905 1,000 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-Indigenous identity 87,920 43,165 44,750 88.9 89.1 88.7 1,069,995 534,645 535,350 81.9 82.2 81.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 98,895 48,425 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,595 1,690 1,905 3.6 3.5 3.8 127,205 61,330 65,875 9.7 9.4 10.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 95,300 46,730 48,570 96.4 96.5 96.2 1,179,985 588,900 591,080 90.3 90.6 90.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 28,330 ... ... 71.8 ... ... 349,325 ... ... 67.4 ... ...
Renter 11,105 ... ... 28.2 ... ... 156,490 ... ... 30.2 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 12,240 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 2,175 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 41,700 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Not condominium 37,260 ... ... 94.5 ... ... 476,355 ... ... 92.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 245 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 5,050 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
1 bedroom 5,310 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 67,100 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
2 bedrooms 8,155 ... ... 20.7 ... ... 129,795 ... ... 25.1 ... ...
3 bedrooms 15,640 ... ... 39.7 ... ... 184,620 ... ... 35.6 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 10,085 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 131,485 ... ... 25.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 10,745 ... ... 27.2 ... ... 151,270 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
5 rooms 6,055 ... ... 15.4 ... ... 88,535 ... ... 17.1 ... ...
6 rooms 5,970 ... ... 15.1 ... ... 81,220 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
7 rooms 5,170 ... ... 13.1 ... ... 64,300 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
8 or more rooms 11,500 ... ... 29.2 ... ... 132,725 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.2 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 38,405 ... ... 97.4 ... ... 499,415 ... ... 96.4 ... ...
More than one person per room 1,035 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 18,640 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 37,165 ... ... 94.2 ... ... 481,860 ... ... 93.0 ... ...
Not suitable 2,265 ... ... 5.7 ... ... 36,195 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 8,640 ... ... 21.9 ... ... 137,225 ... ... 26.5 ... ...
1961 to 1980 14,005 ... ... 35.5 ... ... 157,190 ... ... 30.3 ... ...
1981 to 1990 6,015 ... ... 15.3 ... ... 65,060 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
1991 to 2000 3,355 ... ... 8.5 ... ... 43,790 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
2001 to 2005 1,465 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 21,035 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
2006 to 2010 1,915 ... ... 4.9 ... ... 26,890 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
2011 to 2015 1,465 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 30,920 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
2016 to 202157 2,570 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 35,935 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 37,755 ... ... 95.7 ... ... 478,435 ... ... 92.4 ... ...
Major repairs needed 1,680 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 39,615 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 18,860 ... ... 47.8 ... ... 266,615 ... ... 51.5 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 18,800 ... ... 47.7 ... ... 229,405 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 1,780 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 22,035 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 39,440 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 775 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 19,175 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
25 to 34 years 4,380 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 77,045 ... ... 14.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 6,695 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 92,145 ... ... 17.8 ... ...
45 to 54 years 6,935 ... ... 17.6 ... ... 88,630 ... ... 17.1 ... ...
55 to 64 years 8,195 ... ... 20.8 ... ... 100,500 ... ... 19.4 ... ...
65 to 74 years 6,860 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 80,845 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
75 to 84 years 3,850 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 43,190 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
85 years and over 1,745 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 16,520 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 39,330 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 492,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 32,425 ... ... 82.4 ... ... 407,560 ... ... 82.7 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 6,910 ... ... 17.6 ... ... 85,365 ... ... 17.3 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 6,375 ... ... 16.2 ... ... 75,790 ... ... 15.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 39,435 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 10,105 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 145,805 ... ... 28.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 6,295 ... ... 16.0 ... ... 74,850 ... ... 14.4 ... ...
Not suitable only 1,875 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 26,905 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 1,185 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 28,995 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 250 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 4,435 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 355 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 5,770 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 130 ... ... 0.3 ... ... 4,540 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 10 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 310 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 29,335 ... ... 74.4 ... ... 372,245 ... ... 71.9 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 38,800 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 483,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 3,990 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 48,810 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 34,805 ... ... 89.7 ... ... 434,535 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 28,295 ... ... ... ... ... 338,920 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.3 ... ... 61.3 ... ... 61.1 ... ... 61.1 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 9.3 ... ... 9.3 ... ... 9.9 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.9 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,270 ... ... 1,270 ... ... 1,100 ... ... 1,100 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,354 ... ... 1,354 ... ... 1,225 ... ... 1,225 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 364,000 ... ... 364,000 ... ... 304,000 ... ... 304,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 403,600 ... ... 403,600 ... ... 338,800 ... ... 338,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 11,110 ... ... ... ... ... 155,090 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 13.5 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 38.8 ... ... 38.8 ... ... 33.5 ... ... 33.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 26.9 ... ... 26.9 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 22.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,090 ... ... 1,090 ... ... 1,040 ... ... 1,040 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,154 ... ... 1,154 ... ... 1,074 ... ... 1,074 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 12,240 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 200 ... ... 200 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 228 ... ... 228 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 98,895 48,420 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 4,150 1,940 2,210 4.2 4.0 4.4 138,505 67,565 70,940 10.6 10.4 10.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 3,945 1,880 2,060 4.0 3.9 4.1 135,665 66,250 69,410 10.4 10.2 10.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 2,475 1,210 1,255 2.5 2.5 2.5 111,560 54,325 57,230 8.5 8.4 8.7
Métis single ancestry 1,430 645 785 1.4 1.3 1.6 23,765 11,765 12,005 1.8 1.8 1.8
Inuit single ancestry 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 160 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 205 65 145 0.2 0.1 0.3 2,840 1,310 1,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 195 65 135 0.2 0.1 0.3 2,740 1,265 1,470 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 7,140 3,515 3,620 7.2 7.3 7.2 100,900 49,370 51,530 7.7 7.6 7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 6,785 3,365 3,415 6.9 6.9 6.8 96,245 47,335 48,905 7.4 7.3 7.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,385 1,175 1,205 2.4 2.4 2.4 38,520 18,690 19,830 2.9 2.9 3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 4,365 2,185 2,185 4.4 4.5 4.3 57,175 28,405 28,770 4.4 4.4 4.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 240 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 350 145 210 0.4 0.3 0.4 4,660 2,030 2,625 0.4 0.3 0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 350 145 210 0.4 0.3 0.4 4,495 1,955 2,540 0.3 0.3 0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 87,605 42,970 44,640 88.6 88.7 88.4 1,067,785 533,300 534,485 81.7 82.0 81.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 98,895 48,425 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 91,560 44,620 46,940 92.6 92.1 93.0 1,175,775 582,760 593,015 89.9 89.6 90.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 18,790 9,695 9,090 19.0 20.0 18.0 275,095 141,220 133,875 21.0 21.7 20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 72,770 34,920 37,850 73.6 72.1 75.0 900,680 441,540 459,145 68.9 67.9 69.9
Not Canadian citizens78 7,335 3,805 3,535 7.4 7.9 7.0 131,410 67,470 63,940 10.1 10.4 9.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 98,895 48,425 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 75,370 37,140 38,225 76.2 76.7 75.7 1,015,280 505,375 509,905 77.7 77.7 77.6
Immigrants81 22,270 10,560 11,715 22.5 21.8 23.2 257,620 125,385 132,230 19.7 19.3 20.1
Before 1980 5,380 2,395 2,985 5.4 4.9 5.9 38,780 18,260 20,520 3.0 2.8 3.1
1980 to 1990 2,270 1,175 1,095 2.3 2.4 2.2 21,210 10,580 10,630 1.6 1.6 1.6
1991 to 2000 2,080 900 1,180 2.1 1.9 2.3 21,305 9,845 11,460 1.6 1.5 1.7
2001 to 2010 5,260 2,530 2,730 5.3 5.2 5.4 65,555 32,250 33,305 5.0 5.0 5.1
2011 to 202182 7,275 3,555 3,725 7.4 7.3 7.4 110,770 54,455 56,315 8.5 8.4 8.6
2011 to 2015 3,900 1,835 2,065 3.9 3.8 4.1 52,400 25,565 26,840 4.0 3.9 4.1
2016 to 2021 3,375 1,715 1,660 3.4 3.5 3.3 58,370 28,890 29,480 4.5 4.4 4.5
Non-permanent residents83 1,255 720 530 1.3 1.5 1.1 34,290 19,475 14,820 2.6 3.0 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 22,270 10,560 11,715 100.0 100.0 100.0 257,620 125,385 132,230 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 2,475 1,215 1,260 11.1 11.5 10.8 26,725 13,740 12,990 10.4 11.0 9.8
5 to 14 years 4,280 2,130 2,150 19.2 20.2 18.4 50,695 26,085 24,615 19.7 20.8 18.6
15 to 24 years 4,575 2,185 2,385 20.5 20.7 20.4 45,575 21,480 24,095 17.7 17.1 18.2
25 to 44 years 9,390 4,345 5,045 42.2 41.1 43.1 113,910 54,055 59,855 44.2 43.1 45.3
45 years and over 1,560 685 875 7.0 6.5 7.5 20,710 10,035 10,680 8.0 8.0 8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 22,270 10,560 11,715 100.0 100.0 100.0 257,620 125,385 132,230 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 2,305 980 1,325 10.4 9.3 11.3 32,020 15,230 16,795 12.4 12.1 12.7
Brazil 125 55 70 0.6 0.5 0.6 1,810 905 900 0.7 0.7 0.7
Colombia 65 40 25 0.3 0.4 0.2 1,140 565 575 0.4 0.5 0.4
El Salvador 255 120 135 1.1 1.1 1.2 2,575 1,350 1,230 1.0 1.1 0.9
Guyana 65 30 30 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,190 505 685 0.5 0.4 0.5
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaica 205 85 115 0.9 0.8 1.0 2,110 995 1,115 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mexico 150 65 85 0.7 0.6 0.7 5,845 2,825 3,025 2.3 2.3 2.3
Peru 30 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 250 110 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidad and Tobago 120 45 75 0.5 0.4 0.6 1,630 800 835 0.6 0.6 0.6
United States of America 360 125 235 1.6 1.2 2.0 6,705 2,875 3,830 2.6 2.3 2.9
Other places of birth in Americas 945 410 540 4.2 3.9 4.6 8,570 4,205 4,365 3.3 3.4 3.3
Europe 7,055 3,320 3,735 31.7 31.4 31.9 53,125 26,140 26,980 20.6 20.8 20.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 65 65 0.6 0.6 0.6 940 495 450 0.4 0.4 0.3
Croatia 185 75 110 0.8 0.7 0.9 765 365 400 0.3 0.3 0.3
France 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.3 975 535 440 0.4 0.4 0.3
Germany 745 340 405 3.3 3.2 3.5 9,360 4,805 4,560 3.6 3.8 3.4
Greece 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 770 440 335 0.3 0.4 0.3
Hungary 135 65 70 0.6 0.6 0.6 625 300 330 0.2 0.2 0.2
Italy 350 185 170 1.6 1.8 1.5 2,470 1,225 1,245 1.0 1.0 0.9
Netherlands 215 95 120 1.0 0.9 1.0 2,055 1,055 995 0.8 0.8 0.8
Poland 1,270 580 690 5.7 5.5 5.9 4,395 1,995 2,405 1.7 1.6 1.8
Portugal 820 385 430 3.7 3.6 3.7 4,040 1,965 2,075 1.6 1.6 1.6
Romania 50 15 30 0.2 0.1 0.3 615 310 305 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 310 120 185 1.4 1.1 1.6 4,235 1,910 2,320 1.6 1.5 1.8
Serbia86 85 40 45 0.4 0.4 0.4 405 190 220 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 1,355 680 680 6.1 6.4 5.8 5,370 2,580 2,785 2.1 2.1 2.1
United Kingdom87 850 405 450 3.8 3.8 3.8 10,995 5,390 5,605 4.3 4.3 4.2
Other places of birth in Europe 495 240 255 2.2 2.3 2.2 5,105 2,585 2,520 2.0 2.1 1.9
Africa 1,030 545 485 4.6 5.2 4.1 27,150 13,605 13,545 10.5 10.9 10.2
Algeria 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 145 200 0.1 0.1 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 100 60 40 0.4 0.6 0.3 1,425 750 675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Egypt 50 25 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,315 690 630 0.5 0.6 0.5
Eritrea 120 50 70 0.5 0.5 0.6 2,940 1,550 1,390 1.1 1.2 1.1
Ethiopia 90 50 35 0.4 0.5 0.3 2,945 1,380 1,565 1.1 1.1 1.2
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 250 230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigeria 180 95 85 0.8 0.9 0.7 8,550 4,420 4,125 3.3 3.5 3.1
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 350 530 0.3 0.3 0.4
South Africa, Republic of 65 30 35 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,180 615 565 0.5 0.5 0.4
Other places of birth in Africa 400 210 190 1.8 2.0 1.6 7,090 3,465 3,625 2.8 2.8 2.7
Asia 11,815 5,685 6,135 53.1 53.8 52.4 144,495 69,980 74,515 56.1 55.8 56.4
Afghanistan 55 25 30 0.2 0.2 0.3 845 395 450 0.3 0.3 0.3
Iran88 40 25 15 0.2 0.2 0.1 1,105 630 475 0.4 0.5 0.4
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,295 650 645 0.5 0.5 0.5
Lebanon 35 15 15 0.2 0.1 0.1 345 190 150 0.1 0.2 0.1
Syria89 125 45 75 0.6 0.4 0.6 1,905 1,020 880 0.7 0.8 0.7
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 145 110 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 140 45 95 0.6 0.4 0.8 10,250 4,760 5,490 4.0 3.8 4.2
Hong Kong91 85 35 50 0.4 0.3 0.4 1,255 640 620 0.5 0.5 0.5
Korea, South92 60 25 30 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,955 1,440 1,515 1.1 1.1 1.1
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 105 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Philippines 7,750 3,615 4,135 34.8 34.2 35.3 70,265 32,770 37,500 27.3 26.1 28.4
Viet Nam 445 220 220 2.0 2.1 1.9 4,575 2,120 2,455 1.8 1.7 1.9
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,295 655 640 0.5 0.5 0.5
India 2,455 1,290 1,160 11.0 12.2 9.9 32,155 16,625 15,535 12.5 13.3 11.7
Pakistan 125 65 60 0.6 0.6 0.5 4,170 2,155 2,015 1.6 1.7 1.5
Sri Lanka 10 10 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,125 535 585 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other places of birth in Asia 480 240 240 2.2 2.3 2.0 10,410 5,145 5,265 4.0 4.1 4.0
Oceania and other places of birth93 65 30 40 0.3 0.3 0.3 830 430 395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 3,370 1,715 1,660 100.0 100.0 100.0 58,370 28,890 29,480 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas 235 100 135 7.0 5.8 8.1 5,285 2,610 2,675 9.1 9.0 9.1
Brazil 80 30 40 2.4 1.7 2.4 1,435 740 695 2.5 2.6 2.4
Colombia 35 20 20 1.0 1.2 1.2 290 145 150 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaica 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 435 230 205 0.7 0.8 0.7
Mexico 20 10 10 0.6 0.6 0.6 660 325 335 1.1 1.1 1.1
United States of America 45 20 30 1.3 1.2 1.8 1,035 520 515 1.8 1.8 1.7
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Other places of birth in Americas 50 15 40 1.5 0.9 2.4 1,340 615 725 2.3 2.1 2.5
Europe 455 225 225 13.5 13.1 13.6 4,380 2,200 2,175 7.5 7.6 7.4
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 95 70 0.3 0.3 0.2
Germany 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.6 565 275 290 1.0 1.0 1.0
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 55 0.3 0.3 0.2
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation 40 20 20 1.2 1.2 1.2 655 320 335 1.1 1.1 1.1
Ukraine 250 135 115 7.4 7.9 6.9 1,305 610 695 2.2 2.1 2.4
United Kingdom87 20 10 10 0.6 0.6 0.6 405 235 165 0.7 0.8 0.6
Other places of birth in Europe 120 55 65 3.6 3.2 3.9 1,010 510 500 1.7 1.8 1.7
Africa 230 140 95 6.8 8.2 5.7 11,065 5,545 5,525 19.0 19.2 18.7
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 85 160 0.4 0.3 0.5
Burundi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
Cameroon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15 15 0 0.4 0.9 0.0 445 235 210 0.8 0.8 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 140 140 0.5 0.5 0.5
Eritrea 25 0 15 0.7 0.0 0.9 1,445 755 685 2.5 2.6 2.3
Ethiopia 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 680 280 405 1.2 1.0 1.4
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.4 0.4 0.4
Nigeria 120 75 45 3.6 4.4 2.7 5,105 2,660 2,445 8.7 9.2 8.3
Somalia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 155 230 0.7 0.5 0.8
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 150 120 0.5 0.5 0.4
Sudan97 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 200 0.7 0.6 0.7
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 75 30 0.2 0.3 0.1
Other places of birth in Africa 45 25 20 1.3 1.5 1.2 1,235 580 655 2.1 2.0 2.2
Asia 2,440 1,245 1,195 72.4 72.6 72.0 37,420 18,415 19,005 64.1 63.7 64.5
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.3
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 265 315 1.0 0.9 1.1
China90 45 15 30 1.3 0.9 1.8 3,585 1,670 1,915 6.1 5.8 6.5
Hong Kong91 25 10 10 0.7 0.6 0.6 210 100 115 0.4 0.3 0.4
India 915 530 390 27.2 30.9 23.5 13,340 6,785 6,550 22.9 23.5 22.2
Iran88 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 265 150 120 0.5 0.5 0.4
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 305 355 1.1 1.1 1.2
Israel 15 15 0 0.4 0.9 0.0 505 250 255 0.9 0.9 0.9
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 25 60 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jordan 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 145 60 85 0.2 0.2 0.3
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 440 425 1.5 1.5 1.4
Lebanon 15 10 10 0.4 0.6 0.6 180 105 75 0.3 0.4 0.3
Nepal 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistan 15 0 10 0.4 0.0 0.6 1,210 640 570 2.1 2.2 1.9
Philippines 1,135 535 595 33.7 31.2 35.8 11,705 5,535 6,165 20.1 19.2 20.9
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 100 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syria89 115 45 75 3.4 2.6 4.5 1,575 855 725 2.7 3.0 2.5
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Arab Emirates 20 10 0 0.6 0.6 0.0 175 95 80 0.3 0.3 0.3
Viet Nam 30 15 20 0.9 0.9 1.2 580 250 335 1.0 0.9 1.1
Other places of birth in Asia 60 30 30 1.8 1.7 1.8 1,075 545 530 1.8 1.9 1.8
Oceania and other93 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 215 120 100 0.4 0.4 0.3
Australia 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 105 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other places of birth98 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 98,895 48,420 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 24,135 11,605 12,525 24.4 24.0 24.8 302,745 150,415 152,330 23.2 23.1 23.2
Second generation101 21,075 10,175 10,905 21.3 21.0 21.6 202,165 100,815 101,345 15.5 15.5 15.4
Third generation or more102 53,685 26,640 27,040 54.3 55.0 53.6 802,280 398,995 403,280 61.4 61.4 61.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 16,890 8,165 8,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 218,840 107,130 111,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 10,800 5,410 5,385 63.9 66.3 61.7 147,400 74,600 72,800 67.4 69.6 65.2
Principal applicants105 4,275 2,475 1,800 25.3 30.3 20.6 57,330 34,270 23,060 26.2 32.0 20.6
Secondary applicants106 6,520 2,935 3,585 38.6 35.9 41.1 90,070 40,330 49,740 41.2 37.6 44.5
Immigrants sponsored by family107 4,130 1,765 2,370 24.5 21.6 27.1 45,750 19,465 26,285 20.9 18.2 23.5
Refugees108 1,895 965 935 11.2 11.8 10.7 24,560 12,580 11,985 11.2 11.7 10.7
Other immigrants109 65 25 35 0.4 0.3 0.4 1,130 485 645 0.5 0.5 0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 16,890 8,165 8,730 100.0 100.0 100.0 218,840 107,130 111,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 180 100 75 1.1 1.2 0.9 2,360 1,280 1,080 1.1 1.2 1.0
Work permits only before admission112 970 500 470 5.7 6.1 5.4 16,195 8,620 7,570 7.4 8.0 6.8
Study permits only before admission113 190 85 105 1.1 1.0 1.2 4,360 2,245 2,115 2.0 2.1 1.9
Work and study permits before admission114 565 350 215 3.3 4.3 2.5 11,250 6,310 4,935 5.1 5.9 4.4
Other permits before admission115 55 30 25 0.3 0.4 0.3 1,235 510 725 0.6 0.5 0.6
No pre-admission experience116 14,940 7,105 7,830 88.5 87.0 89.7 183,440 88,155 95,290 83.8 82.3 85.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 98,895 48,420 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 22,600 11,235 11,360 22.9 23.2 22.5 290,735 146,545 144,190 22.2 22.5 21.9
South Asian 4,725 2,585 2,140 4.8 5.3 4.2 71,215 38,300 32,915 5.4 5.9 5.0
Chinese 595 290 305 0.6 0.6 0.6 25,390 12,400 12,995 1.9 1.9 2.0
Black 2,450 1,245 1,200 2.5 2.6 2.4 46,485 23,800 22,680 3.6 3.7 3.5
Filipino 10,975 5,325 5,650 11.1 11.0 11.2 94,315 45,640 48,675 7.2 7.0 7.4
Arab 355 170 185 0.4 0.4 0.4 7,820 4,120 3,695 0.6 0.6 0.6
Latin American 1,045 485 555 1.1 1.0 1.1 12,835 6,425 6,410 1.0 1.0 1.0
Southeast Asian 975 470 500 1.0 1.0 1.0 11,370 5,470 5,905 0.9 0.8 0.9
West Asian 105 55 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,450 1,800 1,645 0.3 0.3 0.3
Korean 100 35 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,325 2,095 2,225 0.3 0.3 0.3
Japanese 195 115 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,860 885 975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 205 90 115 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,220 1,520 1,700 0.2 0.2 0.3
Multiple visible minorities 875 375 500 0.9 0.8 1.0 8,455 4,080 4,375 0.6 0.6 0.7
Not a visible minority120 76,295 37,185 39,115 77.1 76.8 77.5 1,016,450 503,690 512,760 77.8 77.5 78.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 98,895 48,425 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 7,450 3,825 3,625 7.5 7.9 7.2 109,195 55,655 53,545 8.4 8.6 8.2
English 14,115 6,845 7,270 14.3 14.1 14.4 210,285 102,600 107,685 16.1 15.8 16.4
Irish 9,640 4,560 5,080 9.7 9.4 10.1 144,420 68,390 76,030 11.0 10.5 11.6
Scottish 12,425 5,700 6,720 12.6 11.8 13.3 189,650 92,140 97,500 14.5 14.2 14.8
French, n.o.s.122 7,050 3,290 3,765 7.1 6.8 7.5 121,095 59,145 61,945 9.3 9.1 9.4
German 15,755 7,645 8,105 15.9 15.8 16.1 177,355 87,730 89,630 13.6 13.5 13.6
Chinese 1,325 610 715 1.3 1.3 1.4 29,550 14,350 15,200 2.3 2.2 2.3
Italian 2,730 1,380 1,350 2.8 2.8 2.7 22,835 11,405 11,435 1.7 1.8 1.7
Indian (India) 2,665 1,470 1,190 2.7 3.0 2.4 38,825 20,540 18,280 3.0 3.2 2.8
Ukrainian 20,530 10,125 10,405 20.8 20.9 20.6 165,305 80,985 84,320 12.6 12.5 12.8
Dutch 3,720 1,860 1,860 3.8 3.8 3.7 43,390 21,330 22,055 3.3 3.3 3.4
Polish 10,840 5,320 5,525 11.0 11.0 10.9 78,860 38,085 40,780 6.0 5.9 6.2
Québécois 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 2,330 1,150 1,175 2.4 2.4 2.3 26,990 13,555 13,440 2.1 2.1 2.0
Filipino 10,540 5,060 5,480 10.7 10.4 10.9 90,945 43,995 46,955 7.0 6.8 7.1
French Canadian 755 325 430 0.8 0.7 0.9 12,435 5,870 6,555 1.0 0.9 1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 905 450 455 0.9 0.9 0.9 17,290 8,920 8,365 1.3 1.4 1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 2,265 1,110 1,155 2.3 2.3 2.3 58,255 28,405 29,850 4.5 4.4 4.5
Métis 6,340 3,035 3,305 6.4 6.3 6.5 88,300 43,445 44,860 6.8 6.7 6.8
European, n.o.s.126 970 440 530 1.0 0.9 1.1 14,900 7,525 7,380 1.1 1.2 1.1
Russian 3,730 1,840 1,895 3.8 3.8 3.8 48,570 23,770 24,795 3.7 3.7 3.8
Norwegian 1,290 560 730 1.3 1.2 1.4 19,115 8,940 10,180 1.5 1.4 1.5
Welsh 1,120 595 525 1.1 1.2 1.0 17,180 8,090 9,090 1.3 1.2 1.4
Portuguese 2,660 1,305 1,350 2.7 2.7 2.7 13,395 6,755 6,645 1.0 1.0 1.0
American 415 210 205 0.4 0.4 0.4 8,345 4,040 4,310 0.6 0.6 0.7
Spanish 1,120 525 595 1.1 1.1 1.2 10,845 5,165 5,680 0.8 0.8 0.9
Swedish 1,580 760 820 1.6 1.6 1.6 21,165 9,840 11,325 1.6 1.5 1.7
Hungarian 1,225 630 595 1.2 1.3 1.2 10,175 5,030 5,150 0.8 0.8 0.8
Acadian 110 30 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 1,465 710 760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pakistani 235 125 110 0.2 0.3 0.2 5,030 2,605 2,425 0.4 0.4 0.4
African, n.o.s.127 470 250 215 0.5 0.5 0.4 8,460 4,385 4,070 0.6 0.7 0.6
Jewish 1,200 600 605 1.2 1.2 1.2 11,745 5,775 5,970 0.9 0.9 0.9
Punjabi 1,350 750 600 1.4 1.5 1.2 13,790 7,570 6,215 1.1 1.2 0.9
Vietnamese 790 360 430 0.8 0.7 0.9 7,290 3,470 3,820 0.6 0.5 0.6
Arab, n.o.s.128 45 35 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 3,245 1,750 1,495 0.2 0.3 0.2
Greek 295 150 145 0.3 0.3 0.3 3,795 1,960 1,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Jamaican 415 230 180 0.4 0.5 0.4 4,475 2,370 2,100 0.3 0.4 0.3
Asian, n.o.s.129 955 500 450 1.0 1.0 0.9 9,280 4,610 4,680 0.7 0.7 0.7
Cree, n.o.s.130 1,145 505 640 1.2 1.0 1.3 40,225 19,450 20,770 3.1 3.0 3.2
Korean 110 45 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,250 2,040 2,210 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 480 210 270 0.5 0.4 0.5 5,510 2,655 2,855 0.4 0.4 0.4
Lebanese 180 75 95 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,505 765 740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian 40 25 15 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,455 825 630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian, n.i.e.131 295 130 165 0.3 0.3 0.3 5,240 2,640 2,600 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 605 280 320 0.6 0.6 0.6 7,700 3,640 4,060 0.6 0.6 0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 620 335 285 0.6 0.7 0.6 17,400 8,510 8,890 1.3 1.3 1.4
Sikh 995 485 510 1.0 1.0 1.0 9,095 4,855 4,240 0.7 0.7 0.6
Austrian 1,300 565 730 1.3 1.2 1.4 11,440 5,540 5,900 0.9 0.9 0.9
Belgian 1,120 540 585 1.1 1.1 1.2 20,580 10,335 10,245 1.6 1.6 1.6
Haitian 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 230 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 135 60 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,560 2,485 2,075 0.3 0.4 0.3
Mexican 230 100 130 0.2 0.2 0.3 7,425 3,720 3,710 0.6 0.6 0.6
Mennonite 3,070 1,545 1,525 3.1 3.2 3.0 51,200 25,700 25,500 3.9 4.0 3.9
Swiss 265 110 150 0.3 0.2 0.3 5,255 2,550 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 360 155 200 0.4 0.3 0.4 4,100 1,950 2,145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Sri Lankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,180 625 560 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 715 360 355 0.7 0.7 0.7 3,080 1,545 1,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Japanese 320 160 150 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,770 1,305 1,465 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.133 65 40 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,730 910 820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 65 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,115 560 555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.135 310 140 165 0.3 0.3 0.3 4,505 2,125 2,375 0.3 0.3 0.4
Muslim 45 30 25 0.0 0.1 0.0 1,895 980 910 0.1 0.2 0.1
Egyptian 55 30 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,635 870 765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 260 105 150 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,755 1,290 1,470 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 205 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 2,300 1,160 1,140 2.3 2.4 2.3 31,105 15,305 15,795 2.4 2.4 2.4
Colombian 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,380 650 730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 250 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 500 235 260 0.5 0.5 0.5 4,330 2,080 2,245 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 140 60 80 0.1 0.1 0.2 1,680 875 800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guyanese 70 35 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,375 670 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afghan 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,240 625 615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Black, n.o.s.137 180 105 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,175 1,135 1,045 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 140 50 95 0.1 0.1 0.2 1,335 665 670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway 915 400 520 0.9 0.8 1.0 24,885 11,890 12,995 1.9 1.8 2.0
Newfoundlander 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 440 395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hong Konger 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,020 515 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ontarian 35 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 530 260 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 285 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 200 75 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,460 1,215 1,245 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 885 520 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.138 85 25 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,140 515 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 1,125 725 0.1 0.2 0.1
Algerian 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 145 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 120 55 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,110 1,030 1,080 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 180 65 115 0.2 0.1 0.2 5,580 2,860 2,720 0.4 0.4 0.4
Armenian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 180 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 270 125 145 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,135 1,005 1,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 350 170 180 0.4 0.4 0.4 2,975 1,425 1,550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 700 785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Taiwanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 160 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Salvadorean 270 115 155 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,575 1,360 1,215 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 75 20 50 0.1 0.0 0.1 820 355 455 0.1 0.1 0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 140 75 65 0.1 0.2 0.1 2,060 1,030 1,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 390 325 0.1 0.1 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 80 25 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,240 565 685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 300 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 75 30 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,150 555 595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lithuanian 160 80 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,330 660 665 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,195 595 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 65 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 895 435 465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 240 120 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,580 810 770 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 125 80 45 0.1 0.2 0.1 1,410 715 690 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 145 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 170 105 65 0.2 0.2 0.1 2,975 1,440 1,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 95 50 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,130 635 500 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 345 160 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 50 40 10 0.1 0.1 0.0 4,885 2,540 2,350 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cambodian (Khmer) 100 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 815 400 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 375 160 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 145 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 170 60 110 0.2 0.1 0.2 990 470 525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 75 40 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 825 385 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,250 765 480 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 185 80 105 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,345 1,670 1,675 0.3 0.3 0.3
African Canadian 80 40 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 610 325 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 110 70 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,435 770 670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 180 105 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,645 740 905 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 45 25 20 0.0 0.1 0.0 350 185 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 335 235 0.0 0.1 0.0
Barbadian 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 515 250 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 120 55 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 860 455 405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 150 55 90 0.2 0.1 0.2 860 425 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 105 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 145 60 85 0.1 0.1 0.2 1,175 600 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 90 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 165 65 100 0.2 0.1 0.2 1,040 510 530 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 65 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 135 85 50 0.1 0.2 0.1 1,310 660 650 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 325 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 105 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 285 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 45 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.1 605 265 340 0.0 0.0 0.1
Laotian 135 60 65 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,840 895 950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 190 105 85 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,365 740 625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 320 330 0.0 0.0 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 335 300 0.0 0.1 0.0
British Columbian 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 120 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 625 290 335 0.0 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 170 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 55 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,240 610 625 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 270 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 300 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 70 30 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 820 315 505 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 135 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 335 285 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,715 915 800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 100 45 55 0.1 0.1 0.1 775 390 390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,370 650 725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 245 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 160 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 25 25 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 395 170 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 200 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 120 45 75 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,445 1,545 1,900 0.3 0.2 0.3
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 355 160 190 0.4 0.3 0.4 3,585 1,550 2,030 0.3 0.2 0.3
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 200 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 60 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,400 735 665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nicaraguan 60 25 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 405 205 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 130 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 70 45 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 5,665 2,790 2,880 0.4 0.4 0.4
Vincentian 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 100 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 360 160 200 0.4 0.3 0.4 7,155 3,600 3,555 0.5 0.6 0.5
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 165 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 275 335 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mayan 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 310 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 110 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 50 25 25 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,095 495 590 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Empire Loyalist 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 95 45 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 370 165 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 80 35 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 455 210 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 185 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 90 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 55 35 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.1 225 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 260 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 60 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 65 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 125 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 250 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 210 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 225 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 340 175 160 0.3 0.4 0.3 3,210 1,570 1,640 0.2 0.2 0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 98,895 48,420 50,470 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 455 215 245 0.5 0.4 0.5 7,440 3,365 4,080 0.6 0.5 0.6
Christian 58,405 27,105 31,295 59.1 56.0 62.0 708,850 335,490 373,365 54.2 51.6 56.8
Christian, n.o.s.162 9,895 4,785 5,110 10.0 9.9 10.1 149,880 73,465 76,415 11.5 11.3 11.6
Anabaptist 2,765 1,270 1,495 2.8 2.6 3.0 31,000 14,905 16,095 2.4 2.3 2.4
Anglican 2,585 1,145 1,435 2.6 2.4 2.8 42,660 18,960 23,700 3.3 2.9 3.6
Baptist 920 430 490 0.9 0.9 1.0 14,260 6,770 7,490 1.1 1.0 1.1
Catholic 28,245 13,195 15,050 28.6 27.3 29.8 276,925 132,290 144,635 21.2 20.3 22.0
Christian Orthodox 1,560 760 805 1.6 1.6 1.6 17,445 8,240 9,205 1.3 1.3 1.4
Jehovah's Witness 365 155 210 0.4 0.3 0.4 3,985 1,770 2,215 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latter Day Saints 90 45 40 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,640 815 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lutheran 2,895 1,350 1,545 2.9 2.8 3.1 27,775 12,665 15,115 2.1 1.9 2.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 100 50 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,860 915 945 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1,135 550 580 1.1 1.1 1.1 20,465 9,700 10,765 1.6 1.5 1.6
Presbyterian 340 115 220 0.3 0.2 0.4 5,725 2,585 3,140 0.4 0.4 0.5
Reformed 400 190 210 0.4 0.4 0.4 2,430 1,210 1,220 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 3,985 1,575 2,405 4.0 3.3 4.8 75,425 33,275 42,150 5.8 5.1 6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 3,135 1,490 1,645 3.2 3.1 3.3 37,380 17,925 19,455 2.9 2.8 3.0
Hindu 580 310 275 0.6 0.6 0.5 18,355 10,005 8,350 1.4 1.5 1.3
Jewish 1,075 530 545 1.1 1.1 1.1 11,565 5,685 5,875 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 875 450 425 0.9 0.9 0.8 26,430 13,960 12,470 2.0 2.1 1.9
Sikh 3,545 1,930 1,615 3.6 4.0 3.2 35,470 18,625 16,850 2.7 2.9 2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 545 250 290 0.6 0.5 0.6 10,190 4,735 5,455 0.8 0.7 0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions 340 130 210 0.3 0.3 0.4 8,570 3,665 4,910 0.7 0.6 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 33,065 17,495 15,570 33.4 36.1 30.9 480,315 254,700 225,615 36.7 39.2 34.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 97,975 47,940 50,035 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,291,715 642,120 649,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 86,670 42,440 44,230 88.5 88.5 88.4 1,131,315 562,370 568,945 87.6 87.6 87.6
Movers 11,310 5,500 5,810 11.5 11.5 11.6 160,395 79,750 80,650 12.4 12.4 12.4
Non-migrants 8,410 4,085 4,325 8.6 8.5 8.6 107,815 53,405 54,415 8.3 8.3 8.4
Migrants 2,900 1,415 1,485 3.0 3.0 3.0 52,580 26,350 26,235 4.1 4.1 4.0
Internal migrants 2,455 1,190 1,260 2.5 2.5 2.5 43,010 21,565 21,445 3.3 3.4 3.3
Intraprovincial migrants 1,615 755 860 1.6 1.6 1.7 28,745 13,895 14,850 2.2 2.2 2.3
Interprovincial migrants 845 440 405 0.9 0.9 0.8 14,260 7,670 6,595 1.1 1.2 1.0
External migrants 445 220 220 0.5 0.5 0.4 9,575 4,785 4,790 0.7 0.7 0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 93,930 45,840 48,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,228,155 609,800 618,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 61,045 29,810 31,230 65.0 65.0 64.9 754,005 374,495 379,510 61.4 61.4 61.4
Movers 32,885 16,035 16,855 35.0 35.0 35.1 474,145 235,305 238,850 38.6 38.6 38.6
Non-migrants 19,515 9,390 10,125 20.8 20.5 21.1 249,915 123,190 126,720 20.3 20.2 20.5
Migrants 13,375 6,640 6,735 14.2 14.5 14.0 224,235 112,110 112,125 18.3 18.4 18.1
Internal migrants 9,755 4,720 5,035 10.4 10.3 10.5 154,275 76,075 78,205 12.6 12.5 12.6
Intraprovincial migrants 7,950 3,830 4,125 8.5 8.4 8.6 122,120 59,775 62,345 9.9 9.8 10.1
Interprovincial migrants 1,800 890 910 1.9 1.9 1.9 32,155 16,295 15,860 2.6 2.7 2.6
External migrants 3,620 1,925 1,700 3.9 4.2 3.5 69,960 36,035 33,925 5.7 5.9 5.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 82,440 39,845 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 13,810 7,020 6,790 16.8 17.6 15.9 220,975 119,615 101,360 20.9 22.9 18.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 68,625 32,825 35,800 83.2 82.4 84.1 837,440 402,890 434,545 79.1 77.1 81.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 51,470 25,215 26,255 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 4,735 2,860 1,875 9.2 11.3 7.1 93,765 54,570 39,190 13.9 16.3 11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 46,735 22,350 24,375 90.8 88.6 92.8 581,930 280,590 301,345 86.1 83.7 88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 82,440 39,845 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,415 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 12,235 6,045 6,185 14.8 15.2 14.5 199,845 106,915 92,930 18.9 20.5 17.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 25,960 12,970 12,980 31.5 32.6 30.5 326,725 165,725 161,000 30.9 31.7 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 44,245 20,830 23,420 53.7 52.3 55.0 531,840 249,865 281,975 50.2 47.8 52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 23,715 11,945 11,775 28.8 30.0 27.6 289,775 143,310 146,465 27.4 27.4 27.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 5,740 4,225 1,515 7.0 10.6 3.6 70,655 50,775 19,880 6.7 9.7 3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 2,675 1,610 1,065 3.2 4.0 2.5 33,000 19,615 13,385 3.1 3.8 2.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 3,065 2,615 455 3.7 6.6 1.1 37,655 31,170 6,495 3.6 6.0 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 15,560 6,735 8,830 18.9 16.9 20.7 187,205 78,650 108,555 17.7 15.1 20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2,420 990 1,430 2.9 2.5 3.4 31,915 13,885 18,030 3.0 2.7 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 20,530 8,885 11,645 24.9 22.3 27.3 242,070 106,550 135,515 22.9 20.4 25.3
Bachelor's degree 15,345 6,500 8,840 18.6 16.3 20.8 170,835 73,420 97,410 16.1 14.1 18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,755 730 1,030 2.1 1.8 2.4 19,020 8,040 10,980 1.8 1.5 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 365 195 170 0.4 0.5 0.4 6,605 3,540 3,055 0.6 0.7 0.6
Master's degree 2,745 1,275 1,470 3.3 3.2 3.5 39,155 17,765 21,395 3.7 3.4 4.0
Earned doctorate171 315 175 140 0.4 0.4 0.3 6,460 3,790 2,670 0.6 0.7 0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 51,465 25,220 26,255 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 4,070 2,450 1,615 7.9 9.7 6.2 82,960 48,095 34,865 12.3 14.3 10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 14,535 7,765 6,775 28.2 30.8 25.8 191,820 101,785 90,030 28.4 30.4 26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 32,860 14,995 17,860 63.8 59.5 68.0 400,915 185,280 215,635 59.3 55.3 63.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 16,520 8,185 8,335 32.1 32.5 31.7 206,375 101,960 104,415 30.5 30.4 30.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 3,680 2,750 925 7.2 10.9 3.5 48,360 34,915 13,440 7.2 10.4 3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 1,710 1,045 660 3.3 4.1 2.5 21,795 13,050 8,745 3.2 3.9 2.6
Apprenticeship certificate169 1,970 1,710 265 3.8 6.8 1.0 26,560 21,860 4,695 3.9 6.5 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 11,185 4,765 6,420 21.7 18.9 24.5 136,480 57,535 78,945 20.2 17.2 23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,655 670 990 3.2 2.7 3.8 21,540 9,510 12,025 3.2 2.8 3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher 16,340 6,810 9,525 31.7 27.0 36.3 194,545 83,315 111,225 28.8 24.9 32.7
Bachelor's degree 12,360 5,190 7,175 24.0 20.6 27.3 138,130 58,540 79,585 20.4 17.5 23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,280 490 795 2.5 1.9 3.0 14,055 5,695 8,360 2.1 1.7 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 290 125 160 0.6 0.5 0.6 5,440 2,700 2,740 0.8 0.8 0.8
Master's degree 2,155 885 1,275 4.2 3.5 4.9 32,255 13,895 18,355 4.8 4.1 5.4
Earned doctorate171 250 120 130 0.5 0.5 0.5 4,665 2,480 2,180 0.7 0.7 0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 82,440 39,850 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 38,185 19,020 19,170 46.3 47.7 45.0 526,565 272,640 253,930 49.8 52.2 47.4
Education 4,040 1,080 2,960 4.9 2.7 6.9 46,425 12,035 34,390 4.4 2.3 6.4
13. Education 4,040 1,080 2,960 4.9 2.7 6.9 46,425 12,035 34,390 4.4 2.3 6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,020 515 505 1.2 1.3 1.2 13,220 5,915 7,305 1.2 1.1 1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 115 110 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 1,400 1,070 325 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 905 405 500 1.1 1.0 1.2 11,820 4,840 6,980 1.1 0.9 1.3
Humanities 1,975 810 1,165 2.4 2.0 2.7 26,260 11,175 15,085 2.5 2.1 2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 135 20 120 0.2 0.1 0.3 1,910 505 1,405 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 270 75 200 0.3 0.2 0.5 4,390 1,270 3,120 0.4 0.2 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 750 300 445 0.9 0.8 1.0 8,810 3,550 5,260 0.8 0.7 1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 35 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 520 205 320 0.0 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 100 55 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,810 1,085 725 0.2 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 355 185 170 0.4 0.5 0.4 4,670 2,665 2,010 0.4 0.5 0.4
54. History 250 145 100 0.3 0.4 0.2 3,250 1,745 1,510 0.3 0.3 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 75 20 60 0.1 0.1 0.1 890 155 740 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 4,135 1,380 2,755 5.0 3.5 6.5 53,520 18,160 35,360 5.1 3.5 6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 65 25 45 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,105 230 880 0.1 0.0 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 295 150 145 0.4 0.4 0.3 4,755 2,230 2,525 0.4 0.4 0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 905 50 850 1.1 0.1 2.0 11,430 840 10,590 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 650 210 440 0.8 0.5 1.0 7,840 2,605 5,235 0.7 0.5 1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 125 45 75 0.2 0.1 0.2 1,425 430 995 0.1 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 685 195 495 0.8 0.5 1.2 9,330 2,620 6,715 0.9 0.5 1.3
45. Social sciences 1,420 705 710 1.7 1.8 1.7 17,630 9,200 8,425 1.7 1.8 1.6
Business, management and public administration 9,660 3,910 5,750 11.7 9.8 13.5 109,380 42,975 66,405 10.3 8.2 12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.1 285 55 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 860 195 660 1.0 0.5 1.5 9,140 2,145 6,995 0.9 0.4 1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 8,775 3,705 5,065 10.6 9.3 11.9 99,955 40,780 59,175 9.4 7.8 11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,600 765 835 1.9 1.9 2.0 18,690 9,215 9,480 1.8 1.8 1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 595 250 350 0.7 0.6 0.8 7,670 3,530 4,140 0.7 0.7 0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 540 250 290 0.7 0.6 0.7 5,710 2,780 2,930 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 50 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 650 110 545 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 320 225 95 0.4 0.6 0.2 3,680 2,510 1,170 0.3 0.5 0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians 100 30 65 0.1 0.1 0.2 990 290 700 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,150 1,340 805 2.6 3.4 1.9 23,790 15,020 8,770 2.2 2.9 1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,860 1,215 650 2.3 3.0 1.5 20,040 13,490 6,550 1.9 2.6 1.2
25. Library science 75 15 55 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,190 190 1,000 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 205 110 95 0.2 0.3 0.2 2,300 1,180 1,125 0.2 0.2 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 155 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 8,760 8,025 740 10.6 20.1 1.7 101,835 92,590 9,240 9.6 17.7 1.7
04. Architecture and related services 220 145 70 0.3 0.4 0.2 2,910 1,660 1,245 0.3 0.3 0.2
14. Engineering 1,720 1,390 335 2.1 3.5 0.8 20,020 16,270 3,745 1.9 3.1 0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2,245 2,010 235 2.7 5.0 0.6 22,455 19,910 2,550 2.1 3.8 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 2,040 2,020 25 2.5 5.1 0.1 23,215 22,610 605 2.2 4.3 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,680 1,655 25 2.0 4.2 0.1 23,255 22,635 620 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 860 805 55 1.0 2.0 0.1 9,980 9,495 480 0.9 1.8 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 650 360 290 0.8 0.9 0.7 17,715 11,285 6,435 1.7 2.2 1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 480 250 225 0.6 0.6 0.5 14,210 9,130 5,075 1.3 1.7 0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation 175 115 60 0.2 0.3 0.1 3,510 2,150 1,355 0.3 0.4 0.3
Health and related fields 8,115 1,600 6,510 9.8 4.0 15.3 92,705 18,030 74,675 8.8 3.5 13.9
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 450 175 275 0.5 0.4 0.6 4,550 2,195 2,355 0.4 0.4 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 7,515 1,365 6,150 9.1 3.4 14.4 85,955 14,675 71,285 8.1 2.8 13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 40 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 125 60 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,005 1,120 885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,135 1,035 1,100 2.6 2.6 2.6 28,215 13,460 14,755 2.7 2.6 2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 1,220 305 910 1.5 0.8 2.1 17,270 4,460 12,810 1.6 0.9 2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 120 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 145 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 475 320 155 0.6 0.8 0.4 5,055 3,610 1,450 0.5 0.7 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 440 410 30 0.5 1.0 0.1 5,590 5,125 465 0.5 1.0 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 15 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 51,470 25,215 26,255 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 18,610 10,215 8,385 36.2 40.5 31.9 274,780 149,880 124,900 40.7 44.7 36.7
Education 2,775 690 2,085 5.4 2.7 7.9 31,325 7,835 23,490 4.6 2.3 6.9
13. Education 2,775 690 2,085 5.4 2.7 7.9 31,325 7,835 23,490 4.6 2.3 6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 720 360 360 1.4 1.4 1.4 9,955 4,360 5,595 1.5 1.3 1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 55 45 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 910 675 240 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 670 310 360 1.3 1.2 1.4 9,040 3,685 5,355 1.3 1.1 1.6
Humanities 1,325 480 845 2.6 1.9 3.2 18,715 7,650 11,075 2.8 2.3 3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 115 15 100 0.2 0.1 0.4 1,605 415 1,185 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 180 35 140 0.3 0.1 0.5 3,280 895 2,385 0.5 0.3 0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 565 200 360 1.1 0.8 1.4 6,415 2,490 3,925 0.9 0.7 1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 30 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 355 125 235 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 55 30 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,310 770 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 210 105 100 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,060 1,795 1,270 0.5 0.5 0.4
54. History 125 70 55 0.2 0.3 0.2 2,120 1,090 1,030 0.3 0.3 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 50 10 35 0.1 0.0 0.1 575 65 510 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 3,250 1,065 2,185 6.3 4.2 8.3 42,590 13,760 28,825 6.3 4.1 8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 55 10 40 0.1 0.0 0.2 945 195 745 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 225 115 110 0.4 0.5 0.4 4,080 1,845 2,235 0.6 0.6 0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 695 40 650 1.4 0.2 2.5 9,110 660 8,460 1.3 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 525 145 380 1.0 0.6 1.4 6,550 1,940 4,600 1.0 0.6 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 110 35 75 0.2 0.1 0.3 1,170 320 850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 490 135 355 1.0 0.5 1.4 6,975 1,905 5,065 1.0 0.6 1.5
45. Social sciences 1,155 585 570 2.2 2.3 2.2 13,760 6,895 6,865 2.0 2.1 2.0
Business, management and public administration 7,290 2,905 4,380 14.2 11.5 16.7 83,775 32,270 51,505 12.4 9.6 15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 245 50 200 0.0 0.0 0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions 655 125 525 1.3 0.5 2.0 6,845 1,410 5,440 1.0 0.4 1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 6,610 2,780 3,835 12.8 11.0 14.6 76,680 30,810 45,870 11.3 9.2 13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,135 480 655 2.2 1.9 2.5 13,795 6,460 7,340 2.0 1.9 2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 435 160 275 0.8 0.6 1.0 5,835 2,520 3,320 0.9 0.8 1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 380 175 210 0.7 0.7 0.8 4,110 1,925 2,180 0.6 0.6 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 40 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1 575 95 480 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 210 125 80 0.4 0.5 0.3 2,685 1,735 945 0.4 0.5 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 75 15 60 0.1 0.1 0.2 595 180 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 1,735 1,055 675 3.4 4.2 2.6 19,205 12,210 6,995 2.8 3.6 2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 1,545 980 560 3.0 3.9 2.1 16,540 11,145 5,400 2.4 3.3 1.6
25. Library science 50 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 710 120 590 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 135 55 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,745 830 920 0.3 0.2 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 115 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 6,360 5,735 625 12.4 22.7 2.4 75,965 68,175 7,790 11.2 20.3 2.3
04. Architecture and related services 150 95 55 0.3 0.4 0.2 2,355 1,325 1,035 0.3 0.4 0.3
14. Engineering 1,480 1,170 300 2.9 4.6 1.1 17,060 13,635 3,420 2.5 4.1 1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 1,595 1,415 180 3.1 5.6 0.7 16,245 14,270 1,975 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 1,415 1,390 20 2.7 5.5 0.1 16,955 16,450 500 2.5 4.9 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 1,185 1,170 20 2.3 4.6 0.1 16,450 15,985 470 2.4 4.8 0.1
48. Precision production 540 490 45 1.0 1.9 0.2 6,895 6,505 390 1.0 1.9 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 470 245 225 0.9 1.0 0.9 13,630 8,205 5,425 2.0 2.4 1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 340 170 170 0.7 0.7 0.6 10,770 6,525 4,250 1.6 1.9 1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation 130 80 50 0.3 0.3 0.2 2,865 1,680 1,175 0.4 0.5 0.3
Health and related fields 6,340 1,270 5,070 12.3 5.0 19.3 71,165 14,460 56,705 10.5 4.3 16.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 320 125 195 0.6 0.5 0.7 3,525 1,675 1,850 0.5 0.5 0.5
51. Health professions and related programs178 5,895 1,105 4,790 11.5 4.4 18.2 65,865 11,910 53,955 9.7 3.6 15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 155 20 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 100 40 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,625 855 770 0.2 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,455 705 750 2.8 2.8 2.9 20,725 9,890 10,830 3.1 3.0 3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 800 190 600 1.6 0.8 2.3 12,365 3,115 9,250 1.8 0.9 2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 100 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 90 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 355 235 125 0.7 0.9 0.5 4,075 2,870 1,205 0.6 0.9 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 295 275 25 0.6 1.1 0.1 4,070 3,720 355 0.6 1.1 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 10 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 51,470 25,215 26,255 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 18,610 10,215 8,385 36.2 40.5 31.9 274,780 149,880 124,900 40.7 44.7 36.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 32,860 15,000 17,865 63.8 59.5 68.0 400,920 185,280 215,640 59.3 55.3 63.3
Location of study inside Canada 26,095 11,860 14,235 50.7 47.0 54.2 313,465 143,310 170,160 46.4 42.8 50.0
Same as province or territory of residence 23,775 10,625 13,150 46.2 42.1 50.1 273,970 123,770 150,205 40.5 36.9 44.1
Different than province or territory of residence 2,315 1,230 1,085 4.5 4.9 4.1 39,495 19,545 19,955 5.8 5.8 5.9
Location of study outside Canada182 6,765 3,140 3,625 13.1 12.5 13.8 87,445 41,970 45,480 12.9 12.5 13.4
Americas 740 325 410 1.4 1.3 1.6 11,310 5,465 5,845 1.7 1.6 1.7
United States of America 480 235 250 0.9 0.9 1.0 6,955 3,465 3,485 1.0 1.0 1.0
Mexico 40 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 435 160 275 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cuba 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 30 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 145 175 0.0 0.0 0.1
Brazil 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,315 640 685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 555 265 290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 110 40 65 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,425 685 745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 1,125 595 530 2.2 2.4 2.0 11,290 5,965 5,320 1.7 1.8 1.6
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 65 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 30 20 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 460 225 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germany 45 20 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,860 1,105 760 0.3 0.3 0.2
Netherlands 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 165 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 90 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 115 70 50 0.2 0.3 0.2 510 255 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 130 50 85 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,150 530 615 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 505 260 240 1.0 1.0 0.9 2,255 1,100 1,155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ireland96 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 140 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 100 70 30 0.2 0.3 0.1 2,600 1,435 1,165 0.4 0.4 0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 140 85 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 90 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 105 50 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,010 485 525 0.1 0.1 0.2
Africa 195 105 90 0.4 0.4 0.3 7,235 3,740 3,490 1.1 1.1 1.0
Nigeria 60 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,665 1,845 1,820 0.5 0.6 0.5
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 105 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 70 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 335 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 30 10 15 0.1 0.0 0.1 515 255 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 80 55 30 0.2 0.2 0.1 1,935 1,055 885 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 4,690 2,100 2,585 9.1 8.3 9.8 56,830 26,370 30,465 8.4 7.9 8.9
Iran88 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 35 15 20 0.1 0.1 0.1 770 390 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 35 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 3,920 1,785 2,140 0.6 0.5 0.6
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 40 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435 220 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 65 175 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korea, South92 30 0 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,220 510 710 0.2 0.2 0.2
Philippines 3,140 1,350 1,790 6.1 5.4 6.8 28,440 12,715 15,730 4.2 3.8 4.6
Viet Nam 60 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 560 260 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 275 310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 150 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 1,235 615 615 2.4 2.4 2.3 16,235 8,035 8,205 2.4 2.4 2.4
Pakistan 40 15 25 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,575 785 795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other locations of study in Asia 55 25 30 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,455 705 755 0.2 0.2 0.2
Oceania 25 20 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 785 425 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australia 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 340 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Zealand 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 75 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 82,440 39,850 42,595 ... ... ... 1,058,415 522,505 535,905 ... ... ...
In the labour force 52,820 27,375 25,440 ... ... ... 681,505 360,485 321,020 ... ... ...
Employed 48,775 25,280 23,490 ... ... ... 625,115 330,885 294,235 ... ... ...
Unemployed 4,040 2,090 1,950 ... ... ... 56,390 29,605 26,785 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 29,620 12,470 17,150 ... ... ... 376,905 162,015 214,890 ... ... ...
Participation rate 64.1 68.7 59.7 64.1 68.7 59.7 64.4 69.0 59.9 64.4 69.0 59.9
Employment rate 59.2 63.4 55.1 59.2 63.4 55.1 59.1 63.3 54.9 59.1 63.3 54.9
Unemployment rate 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 82,440 39,850 42,590 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 29,440 12,420 17,020 35.7 31.2 40.0 379,950 164,955 215,000 35.9 31.6 40.1
Worked 53,000 27,425 25,575 64.3 68.8 60.0 678,460 357,550 320,910 64.1 68.4 59.9
Worked full year full time187 30,400 17,075 13,325 36.9 42.8 31.3 376,840 217,465 159,370 35.6 41.6 29.7
Worked part year and/or part time188 22,600 10,350 12,250 27.4 26.0 28.8 301,625 140,085 161,540 28.5 26.8 30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.3 43.2 41.3 42.3 43.2 41.3 41.9 42.8 41.0 41.9 42.8 41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 52,815 27,380 25,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 681,505 360,490 321,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 1,065 520 550 2.0 1.9 2.2 15,625 7,580 8,050 2.3 2.1 2.5
All classes of workers191 51,750 26,860 24,895 98.0 98.1 97.9 665,880 352,910 312,970 97.7 97.9 97.5
Employee 46,035 23,180 22,860 87.2 84.7 89.9 582,575 298,460 284,115 85.5 82.8 88.5
Permanent position 39,350 20,075 19,275 74.5 73.3 75.8 490,370 254,540 235,830 72.0 70.6 73.5
Temporary position 6,690 3,105 3,585 12.7 11.3 14.1 92,210 43,920 48,290 13.5 12.2 15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more) 2,030 870 1,155 3.8 3.2 4.5 27,250 11,760 15,495 4.0 3.3 4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 4,660 2,235 2,425 8.8 8.2 9.5 64,960 32,165 32,795 9.5 8.9 10.2
Self-employed192 5,710 3,680 2,030 10.8 13.4 8.0 83,305 54,450 28,855 12.2 15.1 9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 52,815 27,380 25,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 681,505 360,490 321,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 1,065 520 550 2.0 1.9 2.2 15,625 7,580 8,050 2.3 2.1 2.5
All occupations191 51,750 26,860 24,895 98.0 98.1 97.9 665,880 352,910 312,970 97.7 97.9 97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 675 440 245 1.3 1.6 1.0 6,440 4,200 2,235 0.9 1.2 0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 9,645 2,800 6,840 18.3 10.2 26.9 106,520 33,100 73,420 15.6 9.2 22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 3,390 2,615 775 6.4 9.6 3.0 39,030 29,915 9,115 5.7 8.3 2.8
3 Health occupations 4,660 1,085 3,570 8.8 4.0 14.0 57,585 12,770 44,810 8.4 3.5 14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 7,365 2,575 4,790 13.9 9.4 18.8 91,725 30,655 61,070 13.5 8.5 19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 1,060 455 605 2.0 1.7 2.4 15,375 6,815 8,560 2.3 1.9 2.7
6 Sales and service occupations 11,830 5,180 6,650 22.4 18.9 26.1 160,900 71,660 89,240 23.6 19.9 27.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 9,925 9,290 635 18.8 33.9 2.5 124,140 115,210 8,930 18.2 32.0 2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 735 585 150 1.4 2.1 0.6 29,805 23,260 6,540 4.4 6.5 2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 2,475 1,835 635 4.7 6.7 2.5 34,355 25,310 9,045 5.0 7.0 2.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 52,815 27,380 25,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 681,505 360,490 321,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 1,065 520 550 2.0 1.9 2.2 15,625 7,580 8,050 2.3 2.1 2.5
All industries191 51,750 26,860 24,895 98.0 98.1 97.9 665,880 352,910 312,970 97.7 97.9 97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 350 185 165 0.7 0.7 0.6 27,485 19,635 7,850 4.0 5.4 2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 95 90 10 0.2 0.3 0.0 5,045 4,385 660 0.7 1.2 0.2
22 Utilities 595 420 175 1.1 1.5 0.7 6,655 5,135 1,520 1.0 1.4 0.5
23 Construction 4,730 4,145 590 9.0 15.1 2.3 52,245 46,295 5,950 7.7 12.8 1.9
31-33 Manufacturing 4,530 3,320 1,200 8.6 12.1 4.7 56,805 41,690 15,110 8.3 11.6 4.7
41 Wholesale trade 1,770 1,250 520 3.4 4.6 2.0 18,970 14,050 4,915 2.8 3.9 1.5
44-45 Retail trade 5,500 2,695 2,800 10.4 9.8 11.0 72,205 35,375 36,835 10.6 9.8 11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 3,435 2,785 650 6.5 10.2 2.6 41,485 33,330 8,155 6.1 9.2 2.5
51 Information and cultural industries 690 415 275 1.3 1.5 1.1 9,760 5,850 3,905 1.4 1.6 1.2
52 Finance and insurance 2,390 920 1,465 4.5 3.4 5.8 25,885 10,060 15,825 3.8 2.8 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 900 440 460 1.7 1.6 1.8 8,410 4,705 3,700 1.2 1.3 1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 2,585 1,370 1,215 4.9 5.0 4.8 32,425 17,065 15,355 4.8 4.7 4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises 95 50 40 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,000 465 535 0.1 0.1 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 2,065 1,135 930 3.9 4.1 3.7 26,870 15,280 11,585 3.9 4.2 3.6
61 Educational services 4,600 1,400 3,200 8.7 5.1 12.6 57,480 18,115 39,365 8.4 5.0 12.3
62 Health care and social assistance 8,120 1,725 6,395 15.4 6.3 25.1 99,895 21,420 78,475 14.7 5.9 24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 975 520 455 1.8 1.9 1.8 12,075 6,300 5,775 1.8 1.7 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 2,360 900 1,465 4.5 3.3 5.8 37,515 15,535 21,985 5.5 4.3 6.8
81 Other services (except public administration) 2,055 1,045 1,010 3.9 3.8 4.0 28,120 14,060 14,055 4.1 3.9 4.4
91 Public administration 3,910 2,040 1,870 7.4 7.5 7.4 45,555 24,155 21,405 6.7 6.7 6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 56,275 28,980 27,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 727,130 382,175 344,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 53,805 27,920 25,885 95.6 96.3 94.8 680,505 360,060 320,445 93.6 94.2 92.9
French 100 20 85 0.2 0.1 0.3 3,730 1,140 2,590 0.5 0.3 0.8
Non-official language 160 70 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 3,570 2,035 1,530 0.5 0.5 0.4
Indigenous39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 170 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 160 70 90 0.3 0.2 0.3 3,265 1,865 1,400 0.4 0.5 0.4
English and French 630 190 445 1.1 0.7 1.6 14,225 5,650 8,575 2.0 1.5 2.5
English and non-official language(s) 1,545 765 780 2.7 2.6 2.9 24,415 12,970 11,450 3.4 3.4 3.3
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 30 10 25 0.1 0.0 0.1 440 210 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 56,275 28,980 27,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 727,130 382,175 344,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 55,970 28,860 27,115 99.5 99.6 99.3 719,895 378,430 341,470 99.0 99.0 99.0
Official languages 55,645 28,680 26,960 98.9 99.0 98.8 711,975 373,990 337,980 97.9 97.9 98.0
English 55,400 28,625 26,780 98.4 98.8 98.1 705,145 371,885 333,260 97.0 97.3 96.6
French 240 55 185 0.4 0.2 0.7 6,825 2,105 4,720 0.9 0.6 1.4
Non-official languages 330 175 155 0.6 0.6 0.6 7,925 4,440 3,485 1.1 1.2 1.0
Indigenous languages39 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 760 610 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,250 705 550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 410 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 410 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 380 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 295 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 235 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 325 170 155 0.6 0.6 0.6 6,550 3,675 2,880 0.9 1.0 0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 25 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 220 65 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 25 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 220 65 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 45 0 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 770 360 415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 45 0 40 0.1 0.0 0.1 765 350 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 225 135 90 0.4 0.5 0.3 3,530 2,210 1,325 0.5 0.6 0.4
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 330 160 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 65 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 325 160 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 30 10 20 0.1 0.0 0.1 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 30 15 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 1,065 665 405 0.1 0.2 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 700 400 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.1 700 400 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 255 85 0.0 0.1 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 75 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 160 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 110 85 30 0.2 0.3 0.1 1,670 1,130 535 0.2 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 110 85 30 0.2 0.3 0.1 1,630 1,115 515 0.2 0.3 0.1
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 110 85 30 0.2 0.3 0.1 1,465 1,030 440 0.2 0.3 0.1
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 30 25 0 0.1 0.1 0.0 450 235 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 25 15 0 0.0 0.1 0.0 355 195 160 0.0 0.1 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,450 780 670 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chinese languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,450 780 670 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 475 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 305 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 305 120 190 0.5 0.4 0.7 7,230 3,740 3,490 1.0 1.0 1.0
English and French 60 20 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,110 895 1,215 0.3 0.2 0.4
English and non-official language(s) 245 100 145 0.4 0.3 0.5 5,020 2,805 2,215 0.7 0.7 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 56,275 28,980 27,300 100.0 100.0 100.0 727,130 382,175 344,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 54,340 28,110 26,225 96.6 97.0 96.1 694,535 366,700 327,830 95.5 96.0 95.0
English 280 130 150 0.5 0.4 0.5 7,010 3,170 3,845 1.0 0.8 1.1
French 445 125 320 0.8 0.4 1.2 9,175 3,840 5,330 1.3 1.0 1.5
Non-official language 1,070 525 545 1.9 1.8 2.0 14,510 7,430 7,080 2.0 1.9 2.1
Indigenous39 55 25 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,975 1,405 1,575 0.4 0.4 0.5
Non-Indigenous 1,010 500 515 1.8 1.7 1.9 11,530 6,025 5,510 1.6 1.6 1.6
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 25 15 10 0.0 0.1 0.0 265 105 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.1 265 140 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 95 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1 1,360 775 590 0.2 0.2 0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 48,770 25,285 23,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 625,115 330,890 294,235 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 8,355 3,840 4,510 17.1 15.2 19.2 106,565 51,780 54,785 17.0 15.6 18.6
Worked outside Canada 110 95 15 0.2 0.4 0.1 1,450 1,150 290 0.2 0.3 0.1
No fixed workplace address 6,025 4,690 1,335 12.4 18.5 5.7 78,405 60,795 17,605 12.5 18.4 6.0
Usual place of work 34,290 16,650 17,640 70.3 65.8 75.1 438,705 217,160 221,550 70.2 65.6 75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 34,290 16,650 17,640 100.0 100.0 100.0 438,705 217,160 221,550 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 25,010 11,640 13,360 72.9 69.9 75.7 328,415 157,380 171,035 74.9 72.5 77.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 430 230 200 1.3 1.4 1.1 46,100 22,990 23,115 10.5 10.6 10.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 8,635 4,630 4,000 25.2 27.8 22.7 61,140 34,635 26,500 13.9 15.9 12.0
Commute to a different province or territory 215 140 80 0.6 0.8 0.5 3,055 2,150 900 0.7 1.0 0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 40,310 21,340 18,970 100.0 100.0 100.0 517,110 277,950 239,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 36,150 19,525 16,625 89.7 91.5 87.6 445,070 244,870 200,200 86.1 88.1 83.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver 32,855 18,590 14,265 81.5 87.1 75.2 401,745 229,310 172,435 77.7 82.5 72.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 3,300 940 2,360 8.2 4.4 12.4 43,325 15,560 27,765 8.4 5.6 11.6
Public transit 2,180 835 1,345 5.4 3.9 7.1 29,345 12,095 17,250 5.7 4.4 7.2
Walked 1,055 470 585 2.6 2.2 3.1 27,440 12,330 15,105 5.3 4.4 6.3
Bicycle 235 170 70 0.6 0.8 0.4 5,395 3,720 1,680 1.0 1.3 0.7
Other method 690 345 345 1.7 1.6 1.8 9,855 4,935 4,925 1.9 1.8 2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 40,310 21,340 18,970 100.0 100.0 100.0 517,110 277,950 239,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 9,160 3,945 5,215 22.7 18.5 27.5 187,385 91,055 96,330 36.2 32.8 40.3
15 to 29 minutes 19,190 10,300 8,890 47.6 48.3 46.9 191,315 103,060 88,255 37.0 37.1 36.9
30 to 44 minutes 9,030 5,385 3,645 22.4 25.2 19.2 90,020 53,555 36,465 17.4 19.3 15.2
45 to 59 minutes 1,690 940 750 4.2 4.4 4.0 25,475 14,980 10,495 4.9 5.4 4.4
60 minutes and over 1,235 770 465 3.1 3.6 2.5 22,915 15,300 7,615 4.4 5.5 3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 40,310 21,340 18,970 100.0 100.0 100.0 517,110 277,950 239,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 2,120 1,570 545 5.3 7.4 2.9 26,980 19,745 7,235 5.2 7.1 3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 7,495 4,810 2,690 18.6 22.5 14.2 87,745 57,035 30,705 17.0 20.5 12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 11,570 5,930 5,640 28.7 27.8 29.7 143,110 78,985 64,125 27.7 28.4 26.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 8,810 3,885 4,925 21.9 18.2 26.0 116,395 50,465 65,930 22.5 18.2 27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 4,065 1,910 2,160 10.1 9.0 11.4 59,845 26,620 33,220 11.6 9.6 13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 6,250 3,245 3,015 15.5 15.2 15.9 83,035 45,100 37,940 16.1 16.2 15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 20,070 10,295 9,770 100.0 100.0 100.0 302,080 155,205 146,880 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,865 955 910 9.3 9.3 9.3 30,475 15,430 15,050 10.1 9.9 10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 18,200 9,340 8,860 90.7 90.7 90.7 271,605 139,775 131,830 89.9 90.1 89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 14,695 7,520 7,175 100.0 100.0 100.0 217,225 111,805 105,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,480 755 725 10.1 10.0 10.1 23,030 11,620 11,405 10.6 10.4 10.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 875 435 440 6.0 5.8 6.1 14,755 7,340 7,415 6.8 6.6 7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 605 320 285 4.1 4.3 4.0 8,280 4,285 3,990 3.8 3.8 3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 13,215 6,760 6,450 89.9 89.9 89.9 194,195 100,175 94,020 89.4 89.6 89.2

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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