Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Miramichi--Grand LakeMore information: New Brunswick [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	59,725	29,540	30,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,770	4,000	3,770	13.0	13.5	12.5
0 to 4 years	2,210	1,150	1,065	3.7	3.9	3.5
5 to 9 years	2,660	1,355	1,310	4.5	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	2,900	1,500	1,400	4.9	5.1	4.6
15 to 64 years	36,185	18,055	18,125	60.6	61.1	60.0
15 to 19 years	2,915	1,545	1,370	4.9	5.2	4.5
20 to 24 years	2,895	1,500	1,395	4.8	5.1	4.6
25 to 29 years	2,715	1,410	1,305	4.5	4.8	4.3
30 to 34 years	2,850	1,465	1,385	4.8	5.0	4.6
35 to 39 years	2,815	1,345	1,470	4.7	4.6	4.9
40 to 44 years	3,210	1,615	1,595	5.4	5.5	5.3
45 to 49 years	3,885	1,865	2,015	6.5	6.3	6.7
50 to 54 years	4,325	2,080	2,240	7.2	7.0	7.4
55 to 59 years	5,205	2,575	2,630	8.7	8.7	8.7
60 to 64 years	5,370	2,650	2,710	9.0	9.0	9.0
65 years and over	15,775	7,485	8,285	26.4	25.3	27.4
65 to 69 years	5,070	2,430	2,640	8.5	8.2	8.7
70 to 74 years	4,425	2,195	2,230	7.4	7.4	7.4
75 to 79 years	2,805	1,370	1,435	4.7	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	1,880	860	1,020	3.1	2.9	3.4
85 years and over	1,595	635	960	2.7	2.1	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,045	455	585	1.7	1.5	1.9
90 to 94 years	415	145	270	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	120	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.0	13.5	12.5	13.0	13.5	12.5
15 to 64 years	60.6	61.1	60.0	60.6	61.1	60.0
65 years and over	26.4	25.3	27.4	26.4	25.3	27.4
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.2	2.7	2.1	3.2
Average age of the population	47.1	46.3	47.9	47.1	46.3	47.9
Median age of the population	50.8	50.0	51.6	50.8	50.0	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,830	...	...	82.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	610	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,960	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,625	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,125	...	...	30.6	...	...
2 persons	10,710	...	...	40.3	...	...
3 persons	3,805	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	2,630	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,290	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	58,600	28,960	29,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,955	25,540	26,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	29,465	14,775	14,685	56.7	57.9	55.6
Married	24,020	12,060	11,955	46.2	47.2	45.3
Living common-law	5,450	2,715	2,735	10.5	10.6	10.4
Living common law - Never married	3,860	1,925	1,935	7.4	7.5	7.3
Living common law - Separated	375	195	180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,025	525	505	2.0	2.1	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	190	75	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	22,495	10,765	11,725	43.3	42.1	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,515	7,595	5,920	26.0	29.7	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,780	825	950	3.4	3.2	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,030	1,390	1,645	5.8	5.4	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,160	955	3,210	8.0	3.7	12.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,075	...	...	61.5	...	...
3 persons	3,685	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	2,375	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	860	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,490	...	...	80.5	...	...
Married couples	11,765	...	...	65.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,435	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	7,330	...	...	40.7	...	...
Common-law couples	2,725	...	...	15.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,185	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	1,540	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,505	...	...	19.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,720	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	785	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	58,600	28,960	29,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	47,300	23,490	23,810	80.7	81.1	80.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	28,980	14,480	14,495	49.5	50.0	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,505	790	2,725	6.0	2.7	9.2
Children⁶	14,815	8,225	6,590	25.3	28.4	22.2
In a two-parent family	9,525	5,220	4,300	16.3	18.0	14.5
In a one-parent family	5,295	3,000	2,290	9.0	10.4	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,300	5,470	5,835	19.3	18.9	19.7
Living alone	8,125	3,835	4,285	13.9	13.2	14.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,455	675	780	2.5	2.3	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,720	955	770	2.9	3.3	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,130	...	...	60.7	...	...
Couple-family households	13,455	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,170	...	...	19.5	...	...
Without children	8,285	...	...	31.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,675	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	625	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	715	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	880	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	8,125	...	...	30.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,835	24,960	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,260	24,200	25,060	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,200	34,800	38,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,270	24,210	25,060	96.9	97.0	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	34,400	28,800	31,600	34,400	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,780	20,230	19,545	78.3	81.0	75.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	30,200	24,200	27,200	30,200	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,295	16,175	15,120	61.6	64.8	58.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	31,000	27,200	29,000	31,000	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,260	20,235	22,030	83.1	81.1	85.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	15,600	13,600	14,600	15,600	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,330	7,075	5,260	24.3	28.3	20.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	10,300	6,700	8,400	10,300	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,295	6,200	6,090	24.2	24.8	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,785	24,930	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,200	24,165	25,030	96.9	96.9	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,040	45,840	36,440	41,040	45,840	36,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,215	24,180	25,030	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,680	39,120	32,400	35,680	39,120	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,590	20,050	19,540	78.0	80.4	75.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,720	40,240	31,080	35,720	40,240	31,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,310	16,080	15,230	61.7	64.5	58.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,600	40,200	32,800	36,600	40,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,270	20,210	22,060	83.2	81.1	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,340	14,900	13,800	14,340	14,900	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,340	7,085	5,255	24.3	28.4	20.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	11,030	8,610	10,000	11,030	8,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,480	6,230	6,250	24.6	25.0	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,650	8,660	8,640	8,650	8,660	8,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,785	24,930	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,765	6,325	6,440	25.1	25.4	24.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,000	48,800	53,200	58,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	62,300	52,900	57,550	62,300	52,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,120	7,365	6,760	27.8	29.5	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	19,800	14,500	17,200	19,800	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,960	28,080	19,480	23,960	28,080	19,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	72.8	66.6	70.0	72.8	66.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.7	58.3	54.8	56.7	58.3	54.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.0	27.2	33.4	30.0	27.2	33.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.1	7.1	5.0	6.1	7.1	5.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.4	5.7	7.3	6.4	5.7	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.9	5.9	5.3	4.9	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,835	24,960	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,575	760	815	3.1	3.0	3.1
With total income	49,260	24,200	25,060	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,835	1,545	2,290	7.8	6.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,130	2,910	4,215	14.5	12.0	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	10,010	4,480	5,525	20.3	18.5	22.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,780	3,775	4,005	15.8	15.6	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,480	3,310	3,165	13.2	13.7	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,390	2,405	1,985	8.9	9.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,065	1,810	1,260	6.2	7.5	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,055	1,180	875	4.2	4.9	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,600	855	745	3.3	3.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,040	600	440	2.1	2.5	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,865	1,315	550	3.8	5.4	2.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,420	970	450	2.9	4.0	1.8
$150,000 and over	445	345	95	0.9	1.4	0.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,835	24,960	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,565	755	815	3.1	3.0	3.1
With after-tax income	49,270	24,210	25,060	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,990	1,590	2,400	8.1	6.6	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,475	3,080	4,395	15.2	12.7	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,630	5,300	6,330	23.6	21.9	25.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,145	4,585	4,555	18.6	19.0	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,720	3,680	3,035	13.6	15.2	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,275	2,395	1,880	8.7	9.9	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,530	1,375	1,155	5.1	5.7	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,595	880	710	3.2	3.6	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	745	470	275	1.5	1.9	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	430	300	130	0.9	1.2	0.5
$100,000 and over	735	540	195	1.5	2.3	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	405	280	125	0.8	1.1	0.5
$125,000 and over	335	260	70	0.7	1.1	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,835	24,960	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,545	8,785	10,760	38.4	35.2	41.6
With employment income	31,295	16,175	15,115	61.6	64.8	58.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,965	1,920	2,050	12.7	11.9	13.5
$5,000 to $9,999	2,875	1,320	1,555	9.2	8.1	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,145	2,635	2,510	16.4	16.3	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,015	2,045	1,975	12.8	12.6	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	3,570	1,610	1,960	11.4	10.0	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,940	1,555	1,385	9.4	9.6	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,445	1,380	1,070	7.8	8.5	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,905	1,090	815	6.1	6.7	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,330	720	600	4.2	4.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	580	585	3.7	3.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	720	415	300	2.3	2.6	2.0
$100,000 and over	1,225	915	310	3.9	5.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	700	480	220	2.2	3.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	525	435	90	1.7	2.7	0.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,835	24,960	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,400	23,740	24,660	95.2	95.1	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	27,800	32,400	37,200	27,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,435	23,740	24,695	95.3	95.1	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,600	26,000	29,600	33,600	26,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,705	20,155	19,550	78.1	80.7	75.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	31,400	24,200	27,600	31,400	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,765	16,455	15,305	62.5	65.9	59.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	32,000	26,800	29,200	32,000	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,300	18,485	20,810	77.3	74.1	80.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	13,300	10,400	11,700	13,300	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,275	7,145	5,130	24.1	28.6	19.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	10,900	6,800	8,900	10,900	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,785	24,930	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,415	23,750	24,665	95.3	95.3	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	44,320	33,600	38,840	44,320	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,445	23,750	24,690	95.4	95.3	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,640	37,640	29,760	33,640	37,640	29,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,630	20,035	19,590	78.0	80.4	75.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,760	40,840	30,520	35,760	40,840	30,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,855	16,435	15,420	62.7	65.9	59.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,840	40,920	32,480	36,840	40,920	32,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,245	18,485	20,760	77.3	74.1	80.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,830	12,660	11,100	11,830	12,660	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,215	7,155	5,055	24.1	28.7	19.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,160	11,210	8,670	10,160	11,210	8,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,785	24,930	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,720	6,305	6,415	25.0	25.3	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,400	46,000	50,400	54,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,100	58,950	49,320	54,100	58,950	49,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,470	7,035	6,440	26.5	28.2	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	23,000	17,400	20,200	23,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	33,320	22,080	27,960	33,320	22,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.4	77.8	72.2	75.4	77.8	72.2
Employment income (%)	62.4	63.9	60.4	62.4	63.9	60.4
Government transfers (%)	24.7	22.2	27.8	24.7	22.2	27.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.6	7.6	5.3	6.6	7.6	5.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	31,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...	29,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,760	...	...	38,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	440	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	490	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,085	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,150	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,580	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,380	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,165	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,305	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,195	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,680	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,415	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,740	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,625	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,645	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,655	...	...	6.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	815	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	520	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,190	...	...	8.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,390	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,710	...	...	6.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,710	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,485	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,825	...	...	10.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,475	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,105	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,670	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,405	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,785	...	...	18.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,340	...	...	8.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,220	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,230	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,840	4,790	5,055	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	33,200	29,400	31,000	33,200	29,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	30,200	27,800	28,800	30,200	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...	80,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,550	...	...	59,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,815	4,915	4,900	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,040	40,920	35,160	38,040	40,920	35,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,440	35,320	31,560	33,440	35,320	31,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	58,600	28,960	29,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,500	4,915	4,585	16.2	17.0	15.5
0 to 5 years	2,710	1,405	1,310	4.6	4.9	4.4
18 to 64 years	33,955	16,800	17,165	57.9	58.0	57.9
65 years and over	15,145	7,245	7,895	25.8	25.0	26.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,190	4,740	5,450	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,825	975	850	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	595	305	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,335	2,060	2,275	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,030	1,705	2,325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.4	18.4	17.4	16.4	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	19.2	19.8	18.6	19.2	19.8	18.6
0 to 5 years (%)	21.9	21.8	22.0	21.9	21.8	22.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	12.3	13.3	12.8	12.3	13.3
65 years and over (%)	26.6	23.5	29.4	26.6	23.5	29.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	54,300	26,815	27,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,300	4,275	4,020	15.3	15.9	14.6
0 to 5 years	2,355	1,210	1,145	4.3	4.5	4.2
18 to 64 years	31,220	15,440	15,780	57.5	57.6	57.4
65 years and over	14,780	7,095	7,685	27.2	26.5	28.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,625	835	795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	215	110	100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	30	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,235	650	585	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	70	105	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.4	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	58,600	28,955	29,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	38,055	18,475	19,580	64.9	63.8	66.1
In bottom decile	8,335	3,885	4,455	14.2	13.4	15.0
In second decile	8,810	4,195	4,620	15.0	14.5	15.6
In third decile	7,695	3,765	3,930	13.1	13.0	13.3
In fourth decile	6,985	3,505	3,485	11.9	12.1	11.8
In fifth decile	6,220	3,135	3,095	10.6	10.8	10.4
In top half of the distribution	20,545	10,480	10,065	35.1	36.2	34.0
In sixth decile	5,790	2,945	2,845	9.9	10.2	9.6
In seventh decile	5,100	2,550	2,550	8.7	8.8	8.6
In eighth decile	4,425	2,260	2,165	7.6	7.8	7.3
In ninth decile	3,310	1,700	1,605	5.6	5.9	5.4
In top decile	1,915	1,025	895	3.3	3.5	3.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	58,600	...	...	58,600	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.473	...	...	0.473	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	58,970	29,140	29,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	43,005	21,620	21,380	72.9	74.2	71.7
French only	1,580	775	800	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	14,335	6,720	7,615	24.3	23.1	25.5
Neither English nor French	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	58,970	29,140	29,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	47,770	23,530	24,235	81.0	80.7	81.3
French	10,945	5,470	5,470	18.6	18.8	18.3
English and French	205	110	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	58,970	29,140	29,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,470	28,410	29,060	97.5	97.5	97.4
Official languages	55,320	27,375	27,950	93.8	93.9	93.7
English	44,360	21,900	22,460	75.2	75.2	75.3
French	10,965	5,470	5,490	18.6	18.8	18.4
Non-official languages	2,145	1,035	1,110	3.6	3.6	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,230	580	655	2.1	2.0	2.2
Algonquian languages	1,220	570	645	2.1	2.0	2.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,215	565	645	2.1	1.9	2.2
Mi'kmaq	1,215	565	645	2.1	1.9	2.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	915	460	455	1.6	1.6	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	65	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	540	270	270	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	185	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,495	735	765	2.5	2.5	2.6
English and French	815	385	430	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	585	300	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	58,970	29,140	29,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,840	22,675	23,165	77.7	77.8	77.7
French	8,150	4,120	4,030	13.8	14.1	13.5
Non-official language	435	200	235	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	230	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	2,425	1,100	1,325	4.1	3.8	4.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,015	990	1,025	3.4	3.4	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	58,970	29,140	29,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,725	28,555	29,175	97.9	98.0	97.8
Official languages	56,895	28,155	28,740	96.5	96.6	96.4
English	47,970	23,665	24,305	81.3	81.2	81.5
French	8,925	4,495	4,435	15.1	15.4	14.9
Non-official languages	830	395	435	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	415	190	225	0.7	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	410	185	225	0.7	0.6	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	410	185	225	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mi'kmaq	410	185	225	0.7	0.6	0.8
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	205	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	250	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,245	590	655	2.1	2.0	2.2
English and French	510	235	280	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	700	340	360	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	58,970	29,140	29,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,630	27,570	28,065	94.3	94.6	94.1
English	1,130	540	585	1.9	1.9	2.0
French	1,165	505	665	2.0	1.7	2.2
Non-official language	925	465	460	1.6	1.6	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	630	315	315	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-Indigenous	295	155	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	58,510	28,890	29,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	58,465	28,870	29,595	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	56,865	28,110	28,760	97.2	97.3	97.1
French	15,845	7,505	8,335	27.1	26.0	28.1
Non-official languages	3,405	1,605	1,805	5.8	5.6	6.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,150	1,030	1,110	3.7	3.6	3.7
Algonquian languages	2,090	1,005	1,090	3.6	3.5	3.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,080	995	1,090	3.6	3.4	3.7
Mi'kmaq	2,080	995	1,090	3.6	3.4	3.7
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,275	575	700	2.2	2.0	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	765	340	430	1.3	1.2	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	90	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	45	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	125	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	335	170	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	225	135	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	58,510	28,895	29,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,475	3,215	3,260	11.1	11.1	11.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,320	3,130	3,190	10.8	10.8	10.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,270	2,580	2,685	9.0	8.9	9.1
Métis	960	505	455	1.6	1.7	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	90	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	52,035	25,680	26,360	88.9	88.9	89.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	58,510	28,895	29,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,785	2,355	2,420	8.2	8.2	8.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	53,730	26,530	27,190	91.8	91.8	91.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,635	...	...	77.7	...	...
Renter	4,525	...	...	17.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,400	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	455	...	...	1.7	...	...
Not condominium	26,105	...	...	98.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,185	...	...	8.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,260	...	...	27.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,520	...	...	43.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,525	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,310	...	...	20.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,440	...	...	20.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,505	...	...	20.7	...	...
7 rooms	3,825	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,480	...	...	24.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,420	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,785	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	770	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,565	...	...	24.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,180	...	...	30.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,475	...	...	16.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,365	...	...	12.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,155	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,115	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	830	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	875	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,575	...	...	88.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,985	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,160	...	...	57.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,800	...	...	40.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	595	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	490	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,445	...	...	9.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,085	...	...	11.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,470	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,945	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,890	...	...	22.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,150	...	...	11.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,070	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,380	...	...	90.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,385	...	...	9.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,170	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,680	...	...	21.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,085	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not suitable only	590	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,545	...	...	9.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,880	...	...	78.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,460	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	23,095	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.3	...	...	44.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	544	...	...	544	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	719	...	...	719	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	159,800	...	...	159,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	730	...	...	730	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	118	...	...	118	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	58,510	28,890	29,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,290	2,090	2,190	7.3	7.2	7.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,245	2,070	2,175	7.3	7.2	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,025	1,955	2,075	6.9	6.8	7.0
Métis single ancestry	195	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,745	1,325	1,415	4.7	4.6	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,705	1,315	1,390	4.6	4.6	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,145	1,045	1,100	3.7	3.6	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	505	245	260	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	51,480	25,470	26,010	88.0	88.2	87.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	58,510	28,895	29,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	57,785	28,550	29,230	98.8	98.8	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,310	4,790	4,520	15.9	16.6	15.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	48,475	23,765	24,710	82.8	82.2	83.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	725	345	380	1.2	1.2	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	58,510	28,895	29,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,825	28,125	28,700	97.1	97.3	96.9
Immigrants⁸¹	1,530	705	820	2.6	2.4	2.8
Before 1980	530	235	295	0.9	0.8	1.0
1980 to 1990	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	155	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	280	125	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	435	230	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
2011 to 2015	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
2016 to 2021	360	185	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	155	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,525	710	825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	210	100	110	13.8	14.1	13.3
5 to 14 years	345	165	180	22.6	23.2	21.8
15 to 24 years	235	110	125	15.4	15.5	15.2
25 to 44 years	565	255	315	37.0	35.9	38.2
45 years and over	165	80	85	10.8	11.3	10.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,525	710	825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	440	195	245	28.9	27.5	29.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	15	1.0	1.4	1.8
Jamaica	25	15	10	1.6	2.1	1.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10	0	0.0	1.4	0.0
United States of America	320	130	195	21.0	18.3	23.6
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	25	3.3	3.5	3.0
Europe	585	275	315	38.4	38.7	38.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	15	25	3.0	2.1	3.0
Germany	115	45	80	7.5	6.3	9.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Netherlands	40	10	25	2.6	1.4	3.0
Poland	20	10	15	1.3	1.4	1.8
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	0	1.3	2.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245	120	120	16.1	16.9	14.5
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20	3.6	4.9	2.4
Africa	90	50	40	5.9	7.0	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	1.3	1.4	1.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	2.3	2.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	20	2.3	2.1	2.4
Asia	390	185	205	25.6	26.1	24.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	25	10	2.6	3.5	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	1.3	1.4	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	190	80	110	12.5	11.3	13.3
Viet Nam	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	15	20	2.6	2.1	2.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	1.3	1.4	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	20	3.3	3.5	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	360	185	175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	30	30	15.3	16.2	17.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	5.6	5.4	5.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	10	4.2	5.4	5.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	6.9	8.1	5.7
Europe	30	20	10	8.3	10.8	5.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	2.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	2.8	0.0	0.0
Africa	45	15	30	12.5	8.1	17.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	5.6	5.4	5.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	5.6	5.4	8.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	225	120	105	62.5	64.9	60.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	5.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	150	70	80	41.7	37.8	45.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	10	9.7	10.8	5.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	58,510	28,895	29,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,035	930	1,105	3.5	3.2	3.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,465	1,175	1,290	4.2	4.1	4.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	54,010	26,785	27,225	92.3	92.7	91.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	995	475	525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	560	275	290	56.3	57.9	55.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	240	125	110	24.1	26.3	21.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	330	145	180	33.2	30.5	34.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	370	160	205	37.2	33.7	39.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	40	30	6.5	8.4	5.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	995	475	525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	210	85	125	21.1	17.9	23.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	40	10	5.5	8.4	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	35	35	7.5	7.4	6.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	640	295	350	64.3	62.1	66.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	58,510	28,890	29,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,035	510	525	1.8	1.8	1.8
South Asian	205	100	100	0.4	0.3	0.3
Chinese	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	275	125	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Filipino	270	125	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	57,470	28,380	29,090	98.2	98.2	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	58,510	28,890	29,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,945	5,870	6,075	20.4	20.3	20.5
English	10,235	5,070	5,165	17.5	17.5	17.4
Irish	15,885	7,465	8,420	27.1	25.8	28.4
Scottish	13,520	6,655	6,870	23.1	23.0	23.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,585	4,550	5,030	16.4	15.7	17.0
German	1,940	1,015	925	3.3	3.5	3.1
Chinese	110	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italian	445	220	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indian (India)	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	235	160	80	0.4	0.6	0.3
Dutch	780	365	415	1.3	1.3	1.4
Polish	275	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	875	485	395	1.5	1.7	1.3
Filipino	275	130	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	725	360	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,820	1,430	1,390	4.8	4.9	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,515	760	755	2.6	2.6	2.5
Métis	765	380	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	510	240	275	0.9	0.8	0.9
Russian	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	330	155	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Welsh	595	255	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Portuguese	315	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	365	200	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Spanish	190	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Swedish	210	90	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	6,705	3,270	3,440	11.5	11.3	11.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	195	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	190	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	135	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	680	335	350	1.2	1.2	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	3,705	1,800	1,905	6.3	6.2	6.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	1,760	900	855	3.0	3.1	2.9
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	58,510	28,890	29,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	44,785	21,475	23,310	76.5	74.3	78.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,285	1,110	1,175	3.9	3.8	4.0
Anabaptist	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anglican	3,020	1,490	1,530	5.2	5.2	5.2
Baptist	3,335	1,625	1,705	5.7	5.6	5.8
Catholic	27,650	13,395	14,255	47.3	46.4	48.1
Christian Orthodox	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	45	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,290	1,055	1,230	3.9	3.7	4.2
Presbyterian	840	375	470	1.4	1.3	1.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,180	1,925	2,250	7.1	6.7	7.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	825	340	480	1.4	1.2	1.6
Hindu	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	470	240	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220	70	145	0.4	0.2	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	12,800	6,995	5,805	21.9	24.2	19.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	58,070	28,645	29,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,665	26,560	27,105	92.4	92.7	92.1
Movers	4,410	2,090	2,320	7.6	7.3	7.9
Non-migrants	2,185	1,035	1,150	3.8	3.6	3.9
Migrants	2,225	1,050	1,170	3.8	3.7	4.0
Internal migrants	2,170	1,035	1,135	3.7	3.6	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,225	555	670	2.1	1.9	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	945	480	465	1.6	1.7	1.6
External migrants	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	56,330	27,770	28,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,190	20,525	20,665	73.1	73.9	72.3
Movers	15,140	7,240	7,900	26.9	26.1	27.7
Non-migrants	5,320	2,510	2,810	9.4	9.0	9.8
Migrants	9,820	4,730	5,090	17.4	17.0	17.8
Internal migrants	9,365	4,515	4,845	16.6	16.3	17.0
Intraprovincial migrants	6,515	3,050	3,465	11.6	11.0	12.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,845	1,465	1,385	5.1	5.3	4.8
External migrants	455	215	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,785	24,930	25,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,605	7,760	5,850	26.8	31.1	22.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,180	17,175	20,005	73.2	68.9	77.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,970	14,760	15,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,095	3,205	1,890	17.0	21.7	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,865	11,555	13,315	83.0	78.3	87.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,785	24,935	25,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,425	6,840	5,585	24.5	27.4	21.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,195	7,795	8,405	31.9	31.3	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,165	10,295	11,865	43.6	41.3	45.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,625	8,350	8,275	32.7	33.5	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,330	3,305	1,035	8.5	13.3	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,000	1,340	665	3.9	5.4	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,335	1,965	365	4.6	7.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,500	4,710	6,780	22.6	18.9	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	795	335	460	1.6	1.3	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,540	1,945	3,590	10.9	7.8	13.9
Bachelor's degree	3,965	1,300	2,660	7.8	5.2	10.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	410	145	265	0.8	0.6	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	1,025	415	605	2.0	1.7	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,970	14,755	15,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,655	2,875	1,790	15.5	19.5	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,725	5,045	4,680	32.4	34.2	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,585	6,845	8,740	52.0	46.4	57.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,550	5,565	5,980	38.5	37.7	39.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,660	1,950	715	8.9	13.2	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,345	855	490	4.5	5.8	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,315	1,090	220	4.4	7.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,415	3,400	5,015	28.1	23.0	33.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	475	220	260	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,035	1,275	2,755	13.5	8.6	18.1
Bachelor's degree	2,930	880	2,055	9.8	6.0	13.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	285	95	195	1.0	0.6	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	705	245	465	2.4	1.7	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,785	24,930	25,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,620	14,635	13,990	56.4	58.7	54.1
Education	2,035	560	1,470	4.0	2.2	5.7
13. Education	2,035	560	1,470	4.0	2.2	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	160	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	280	105	170	0.6	0.4	0.7
Humanities	675	250	425	1.3	1.0	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	80	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	55	160	0.4	0.2	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,640	375	1,265	3.2	1.5	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	625	30	595	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	155	30	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	290	60	230	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	370	190	180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	4,220	855	3,370	8.3	3.4	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	100	555	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,550	745	2,805	7.0	3.0	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	440	215	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	495	280	210	1.0	1.1	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	435	245	190	0.9	1.0	0.7
25. Library science	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,515	5,220	290	10.9	20.9	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	290	240	50	0.6	1.0	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,015	900	110	2.0	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,715	1,660	55	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,475	1,450	20	2.9	5.8	0.1
48. Precision production	995	945	50	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	430	170	1.2	1.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	60	120	0.3	0.2	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	420	370	55	0.8	1.5	0.2
Health and related fields	3,570	485	3,090	7.0	1.9	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,375	375	3,000	6.6	1.5	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,600	1,465	1,135	5.1	5.9	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	225	905	2.2	0.9	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	750	550	200	1.5	2.2	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	700	675	20	1.4	2.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,965	14,760	15,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,380	7,915	6,470	48.0	53.6	42.6
Education	1,160	280	880	3.9	1.9	5.8
13. Education	1,160	280	880	3.9	1.9	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	135	150	1.0	0.9	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	230	100	130	0.8	0.7	0.9
Humanities	460	160	305	1.5	1.1	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	40	120	0.5	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
54. History	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,280	270	1,015	4.3	1.8	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	45	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	480	25	450	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	135	25	110	0.5	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	240	45	200	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	260	120	140	0.9	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,110	595	2,515	10.4	4.0	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	75	450	1.8	0.5	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,570	515	2,055	8.6	3.5	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	130	140	0.9	0.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	240	160	1.3	1.6	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	365	220	140	1.2	1.5	0.9
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,470	3,205	255	11.6	21.7	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	215	165	45	0.7	1.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	655	545	110	2.2	3.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,065	1,015	50	3.6	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	885	865	15	3.0	5.9	0.1
48. Precision production	635	595	35	2.1	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	445	310	135	1.5	2.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	45	95	0.5	0.3	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	270	35	1.0	1.8	0.2
Health and related fields	2,725	385	2,335	9.1	2.6	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	55	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,580	305	2,270	8.6	2.1	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,980	1,135	840	6.6	7.7	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	780	125	655	2.6	0.8	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	605	440	165	2.0	3.0	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	585	565	15	2.0	3.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	29,965	14,760	15,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,380	7,915	6,470	48.0	53.6	42.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,585	6,845	8,740	52.0	46.4	57.5
Location of study inside Canada	15,050	6,610	8,440	50.2	44.8	55.5
Same as province or territory of residence	12,300	5,320	6,980	41.0	36.0	45.9
Different than province or territory of residence	2,755	1,295	1,460	9.2	8.8	9.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	535	235	295	1.8	1.6	1.9
Americas	195	95	95	0.7	0.6	0.6
United States of America	150	75	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	130	70	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	175	55	120	0.6	0.4	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	115	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,785	24,930	25,855	...	...	...
In the labour force	27,300	13,970	13,330	...	...	...
Employed	23,040	11,175	11,860	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,260	2,800	1,465	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,485	10,960	12,525	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.8	56.0	51.6	53.8	56.0	51.6
Employment rate	45.4	44.8	45.9	45.4	44.8	45.9
Unemployment rate	15.6	20.0	11.0	15.6	20.0	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,785	24,930	25,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	22,830	10,660	12,170	45.0	42.8	47.1
Worked	27,960	14,275	13,685	55.1	57.3	52.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,050	6,465	6,590	25.7	25.9	25.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,905	7,810	7,095	29.3	31.3	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.2	37.0	39.4	38.2	37.0	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,300	13,970	13,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	845	530	320	3.1	3.8	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	26,455	13,445	13,010	96.9	96.2	97.6
Employee	24,020	11,935	12,090	88.0	85.4	90.7
Permanent position	16,840	7,995	8,840	61.7	57.2	66.3
Temporary position	7,180	3,935	3,245	26.3	28.2	24.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,280	525	755	4.7	3.8	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,895	3,410	2,485	21.6	24.4	18.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,430	1,515	925	8.9	10.8	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,300	13,970	13,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	845	530	320	3.1	3.8	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	26,455	13,445	13,010	96.9	96.2	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	195	115	80	0.7	0.8	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,620	790	2,830	13.3	5.7	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	930	750	180	3.4	5.4	1.4
3 Health occupations	2,400	305	2,095	8.8	2.2	15.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,710	1,080	2,630	13.6	7.7	19.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345	125	225	1.3	0.9	1.7
6 Sales and service occupations	6,310	2,405	3,900	23.1	17.2	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,630	5,190	435	20.6	37.2	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,675	1,450	230	6.1	10.4	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,645	1,250	395	6.0	8.9	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,300	13,970	13,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	845	530	320	3.1	3.8	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	26,455	13,445	13,010	96.9	96.2	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,785	1,465	320	6.5	10.5	2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	555	520	40	2.0	3.7	0.3
22 Utilities	165	155	10	0.6	1.1	0.1
23 Construction	2,380	2,170	210	8.7	15.5	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,360	1,780	580	8.6	12.7	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	400	315	80	1.5	2.3	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	2,955	1,280	1,675	10.8	9.2	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,055	805	255	3.9	5.8	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	215	130	90	0.8	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	365	80	285	1.3	0.6	2.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	130	65	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	790	365	425	2.9	2.6	3.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	910	560	355	3.3	4.0	2.7
61 Educational services	2,050	480	1,570	7.5	3.4	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	4,105	570	3,535	15.0	4.1	26.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	360	205	160	1.3	1.5	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,485	475	1,010	5.4	3.4	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,110	605	505	4.1	4.3	3.8
91 Public administration	3,240	1,400	1,840	11.9	10.0	13.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	30,230	15,445	14,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,480	12,225	11,255	77.7	79.2	76.1
French	2,780	1,505	1,275	9.2	9.7	8.6
Non-official language	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,440	1,460	1,985	11.4	9.5	13.4
English and non-official language(s)	450	220	235	1.5	1.4	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	30,230	15,445	14,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,360	15,055	14,305	97.1	97.5	96.7
Official languages	29,220	14,970	14,250	96.7	96.9	96.3
English	25,515	13,085	12,435	84.4	84.7	84.0
French	3,705	1,890	1,820	12.3	12.2	12.3
Non-official languages	135	80	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Algonquian languages	120	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	115	70	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mi'kmaq	115	70	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	875	390	485	2.9	2.5	3.3
English and French	700	305	395	2.3	2.0	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	170	80	95	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	30,230	15,445	14,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	27,180	14,145	13,035	89.9	91.6	88.1
English	1,010	430	575	3.3	2.8	3.9
French	1,825	775	1,050	6.0	5.0	7.1
Non-official language	195	90	105	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	180	80	95	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	23,040	11,175	11,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,690	1,055	1,635	11.7	9.4	13.8
Worked outside Canada	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,925	2,880	1,045	17.0	25.8	8.8
Usual place of work	16,390	7,220	9,170	71.1	64.6	77.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,390	7,220	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,385	3,055	4,330	45.1	42.3	47.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,490	2,315	3,170	33.5	32.1	34.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,240	1,645	1,590	19.8	22.8	17.3
Commute to a different province or territory	275	195	75	1.7	2.7	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	20,310	10,095	10,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	19,125	9,480	9,640	94.2	93.9	94.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,465	8,735	8,730	86.0	86.5	85.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,660	745	915	8.2	7.4	9.0
Public transit	140	90	55	0.7	0.9	0.5
Walked	620	270	350	3.1	2.7	3.4
Bicycle	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	385	230	155	1.9	2.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	20,310	10,095	10,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,630	3,795	4,835	42.5	37.6	47.3
15 to 29 minutes	5,910	2,820	3,090	29.1	27.9	30.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,650	1,465	1,180	13.0	14.5	11.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,610	890	715	7.9	8.8	7.0
60 minutes and over	1,515	1,120	395	7.5	11.1	3.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	20,310	10,095	10,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,610	1,230	380	7.9	12.2	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,950	2,270	1,675	19.4	22.5	16.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,055	2,800	3,260	29.8	27.7	31.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,120	1,490	2,635	20.3	14.8	25.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,620	480	1,140	8.0	4.8	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,955	1,830	1,125	14.5	18.1	11.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,720	5,040	4,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,355	1,190	1,170	24.2	23.6	25.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,365	3,850	3,515	75.8	76.4	75.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,335	3,795	3,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,775	885	890	24.2	23.3	25.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,285	640	645	17.5	16.9	18.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	250	245	6.7	6.6	6.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,560	2,910	2,650	75.8	76.7	74.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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