Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48062623More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	3,391	...	...	1,306,784	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,239,220	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,366	...	...	531,062	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,332	...	...	502,301	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	806.3	...	...	1,592.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4.21	...	...	820.62	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	3,390	1,630	1,765	1,306,780	648,835	657,950
0 to 14 years	715	355	360	235,855	121,145	114,710
0 to 4 years	330	160	175	73,840	37,865	35,980
5 to 9 years	235	110	120	80,585	41,225	39,365
10 to 14 years	150	85	70	81,425	42,055	39,370
15 to 64 years	2,495	1,185	1,310	893,525	445,660	447,865
15 to 19 years	160	75	85	73,490	37,720	35,770
20 to 24 years	170	75	100	78,365	40,280	38,085
25 to 29 years	405	195	205	88,385	43,930	44,460
30 to 34 years	465	205	255	105,960	52,030	53,930
35 to 39 years	400	200	200	110,765	54,785	55,985
40 to 44 years	270	145	130	100,080	49,490	50,595
45 to 49 years	200	110	95	91,385	45,430	45,945
50 to 54 years	170	75	90	84,725	42,550	42,175
55 to 59 years	145	55	85	82,570	41,000	41,570
60 to 64 years	110	45	70	77,790	38,450	39,345
65 years and over	180	85	95	177,405	82,035	95,375
65 to 69 years	80	45	35	62,120	30,410	31,710
70 to 74 years	50	20	30	46,495	22,225	24,270
75 to 79 years	30	20	15	28,965	13,485	15,485
80 to 84 years	15	5	5	19,405	8,370	11,035
85 years and over	5	0	0	20,420	7,540	12,875
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	12,620	4,995	7,625
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	6,225	2,115	4,110
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,375	390	990
100 years and over	0	0	0	195	45	155
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.1	21.8	20.4	18.0	18.7	17.4
15 to 64 years	73.6	72.7	74.2	68.4	68.7	68.1
65 years and over	5.3	5.2	5.4	13.6	12.6	14.5
85 years and over	0.1	0.0	0.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
Average age of the population	32.5	32.3	32.8	38.8	38.2	39.5
Median age of the population	32.8	32.8	32.8	38.0	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,335	...	...	502,300	...	...
Single-detached house	630	...	...	276,050	...	...
Semi-detached house	90	...	...	31,660	...	...
Row house	200	...	...	48,860	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	21,165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	400	...	...	81,870	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,700	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	200	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	1,790	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,335	...	...	502,305	...	...
1 person	300	...	...	132,695	...	...
2 persons	480	...	...	159,955	...	...
3 persons	240	...	...	80,020	...	...
4 persons	195	...	...	79,565	...	...
5 or more persons	115	...	...	50,070	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,395	1,625	1,765	1,291,770	642,160	649,610
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,675	1,275	1,400	1,070,930	527,695	543,240
Married or living common-law	1,860	925	935	624,845	312,690	312,150
Married	1,515	750	760	529,175	264,635	264,545
Living common-law	345	170	170	95,665	48,060	47,610
Living common law - Never married	285	145	140	73,555	37,065	36,490
Living common law - Separated	25	10	10	3,080	1,645	1,435
Living common law - Divorced	35	15	20	17,645	8,750	8,890
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,390	595	795
Not married and not living common-law	815	345	465	446,090	215,005	231,085
Not married and not living common law - Never married	590	280	305	313,900	170,360	143,540
Not married and not living common law - Separated	55	20	35	24,245	10,380	13,865
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	135	40	90	67,400	25,865	41,535
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40	5	35	40,550	8,395	32,150
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,020	...	...	356,225	...	...
2 persons	500	...	...	164,970	...	...
3 persons	250	...	...	78,740	...	...
4 persons	195	...	...	79,565	...	...
5 or more persons	80	...	...	32,950	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,025	...	...	356,220	...	...
Total couple families	910	...	...	304,050	...	...
Married couples	735	...	...	256,225	...	...
With children⁶	450	...	...	155,795	...	...
Without children	290	...	...	100,430	...	...
Common-law couples	175	...	...	47,830	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	14,805	...	...
Without children	135	...	...	33,020	...	...
Total one-parent families	110	...	...	52,170	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	90	...	...	40,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...	11,505	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,291,770	642,160	649,610
Total - Persons in census families	2,945	1,420	1,520	1,060,650	527,080	533,570
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,825	905	915	608,110	304,145	303,965
Parents in one-parent families	110	20	95	52,170	11,500	40,665
Children⁶	1,010	490	515	400,375	211,435	188,940
In a two-parent family	855	425	430	319,875	167,975	151,905
In a one-parent family	150	70	80	80,495	43,460	37,035
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	445	210	240	231,120	115,080	116,040
Living alone	300	130	175	132,690	62,770	69,920
Living with other relatives⁷	55	25	30	34,850	14,875	19,980
Living with non-relatives only	90	50	35	63,575	37,435	26,140
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,330	...	...	502,300	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	915	...	...	302,280	...	...
Couple-family households	820	...	...	262,950	...	...
With children⁶	440	...	...	147,735	...	...
Without children	380	...	...	115,220	...	...
One-parent-family households	95	...	...	39,325	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	30	...	...	17,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	4,035	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	45	...	...	18,975	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	40	...	...	27,275	...	...
One-person households	300	...	...	132,690	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,675	1,270	1,400	1,056,225	521,185	535,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,550	1,220	1,325	1,003,515	495,570	507,940
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	62,000	47,600	44,400	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,550	1,220	1,325	1,004,015	495,845	508,175
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	52,800	42,400	40,000	44,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,410	1,185	1,225	909,585	457,190	452,395
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	59,200	43,200	40,400	48,400	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,250	1,115	1,135	761,365	391,230	370,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	59,200	44,400	42,400	49,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,225	1,035	1,190	880,900	428,430	452,470
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,720	2,740	6,160	7,500	5,640	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	160	195	115,990	54,710	61,280
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,600	6,320	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	825	400	425	326,795	158,290	168,500
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,175	535,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,510	1,210	1,305	1,003,175	495,345	507,830
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,750	67,000	51,120	64,600	76,500	53,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,510	1,210	1,305	1,003,685	495,595	508,095
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,440	55,600	43,760	52,500	60,400	44,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,365	1,165	1,200	909,780	457,395	452,390
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	63,100	46,000	61,600	74,500	48,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,210	1,110	1,100	761,230	391,465	369,765
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	63,100	47,000	60,450	71,900	48,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,215	1,055	1,160	879,935	427,945	451,995
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	7,280	9,860	10,010	8,920	11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	215	240	115,600	54,695	60,905
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	6,800	8,600	7,060	6,620	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	825	405	410	325,765	158,290	167,480
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,520	9,080	9,350	9,260	9,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,175	535,055
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,170	620	545	356,230	200,300	155,925
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,000	62,400	72,500	79,000	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,200	78,000	69,600	93,600	105,800	77,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	830	395	435	309,535	144,060	165,475
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	32,800	17,400	20,400	23,000	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,400	44,400	23,500	33,600	39,360	28,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	90.4	82.8	86.4	90.0	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	82.4	86.4	77.6	71.0	74.2	66.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.0	9.5	17.2	13.6	10.1	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	1.8	3.1	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.1	6.4	5.2	4.2	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.8	5.6	4.7	3.9	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,675	1,275	1,400	1,056,220	521,185	535,035
Without total income	125	55	70	52,710	25,610	27,100
With total income	2,550	1,220	1,330	1,003,510	495,570	507,940
Under $10,000 (including loss)	170	55	120	88,650	37,295	51,350
$10,000 to $19,999	165	50	120	95,485	40,550	54,935
$20,000 to $29,999	260	105	160	150,395	67,505	82,885
$30,000 to $39,999	275	105	165	120,085	52,190	67,895
$40,000 to $49,999	265	120	145	102,800	47,405	55,400
$50,000 to $59,999	305	140	170	84,010	40,150	43,855
$60,000 to $69,999	280	130	150	69,945	34,995	34,950
$70,000 to $79,999	195	100	95	56,175	29,855	26,315
$80,000 to $89,999	160	95	70	43,630	24,315	19,315
$90,000 to $99,999	150	100	55	36,520	20,230	16,285
$100,000 and over	320	215	100	155,825	101,065	54,765
$100,000 to $149,999	230	145	80	90,875	54,255	36,615
$150,000 and over	95	75	15	64,950	46,810	18,145
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,675	1,275	1,400	1,056,220	521,185	535,035
Without after-tax income	125	55	70	52,205	25,340	26,860
With after-tax income	2,550	1,220	1,330	1,004,020	495,845	508,175
Under $10,000 (including loss)	175	55	120	92,205	38,635	53,565
$10,000 to $19,999	175	55	120	99,660	42,515	57,150
$20,000 to $29,999	320	130	185	170,545	76,940	93,605
$30,000 to $39,999	335	140	195	139,800	62,515	77,285
$40,000 to $49,999	380	175	205	119,345	56,570	62,770
$50,000 to $59,999	370	185	190	94,265	46,850	47,410
$60,000 to $69,999	250	130	125	71,155	37,840	33,320
$70,000 to $79,999	200	125	80	52,530	29,120	23,415
$80,000 to $89,999	125	75	50	41,555	22,700	18,850
$90,000 to $99,999	70	45	25	28,220	16,610	11,610
$100,000 and over	150	115	30	94,730	65,540	29,195
$100,000 to $124,999	70	55	15	39,250	25,260	13,985
$125,000 and over	75	60	15	55,485	40,285	15,205
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,675	1,275	1,400	1,056,220	521,185	535,035
Without employment income	425	160	265	294,855	129,955	164,905
With employment income	2,245	1,110	1,135	761,365	391,235	370,135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	170	60	105	93,565	43,905	49,665
$5,000 to $9,999	130	45	90	61,265	26,265	35,000
$10,000 to $19,999	185	75	115	84,600	37,635	46,965
$20,000 to $29,999	170	75	95	65,430	30,260	35,170
$30,000 to $39,999	190	90	105	62,020	29,540	32,480
$40,000 to $49,999	240	105	140	60,110	29,420	30,685
$50,000 to $59,999	245	125	125	56,160	27,655	28,505
$60,000 to $69,999	215	100	115	50,010	25,670	24,345
$70,000 to $79,999	165	90	75	40,770	22,575	18,195
$80,000 to $89,999	135	80	60	33,160	18,845	14,315
$90,000 to $99,999	120	75	50	29,855	16,295	13,560
$100,000 and over	275	195	85	124,415	83,170	41,245
$100,000 to $124,999	135	85	55	49,530	29,135	20,400
$125,000 and over	135	110	30	74,880	54,035	20,845
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,675	1,270	1,400	1,056,225	521,185	535,040
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,515	1,190	1,325	980,505	483,190	497,310
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	60,400	45,600	43,600	51,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,520	1,190	1,325	980,815	483,265	497,550
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	51,600	40,400	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,395	1,170	1,225	897,540	451,120	446,420
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	60,400	44,000	43,200	51,200	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,245	1,105	1,140	762,840	391,880	370,965
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	60,400	45,200	44,400	51,600	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,140	1,000	1,145	833,025	405,905	427,120
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	980	890	1,430	1,140	950	2,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	260	110	145	70,610	32,260	38,350
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	5,400	9,100	6,600	5,840	7,300
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,175	535,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,480	1,190	1,290	980,005	482,985	497,015
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,000	68,800	50,000	64,200	77,400	51,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,485	1,190	1,295	980,295	483,045	497,250
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	56,400	42,680	51,800	60,800	43,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,385	1,170	1,210	897,990	451,595	446,395
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,450	67,600	47,700	64,500	78,300	50,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,240	1,135	1,105	762,865	392,125	370,740
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,850	66,000	49,400	63,450	75,800	50,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,070	965	1,110	833,205	406,035	427,170
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,660	2,995	6,100	6,005	4,932	7,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	125	185	70,185	31,980	38,210
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,200	10,200	8,230	7,210	9,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,175	535,055
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,160	615	545	352,800	198,465	154,335
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	68,500	57,600	69,500	76,500	62,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,600	76,400	66,000	91,200	104,000	74,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	805	395	405	292,225	136,270	155,955
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	48,000	30,800	28,800	32,400	26,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,500	55,800	35,400	43,240	51,500	36,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.4	96.4	89.6	92.0	94.6	88.2
Employment income (%)	88.4	91.2	84.8	77.0	79.6	73.2
Government transfers (%)	6.6	3.5	10.5	7.9	5.4	11.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.0	2.9	0.9	0.6	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,335	...	...	502,305	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	300	...	...	132,690	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,030	...	...	369,610	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	290	...	...	132,725	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	67,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	55,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,010	...	...	369,575	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	151,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	122,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,335	...	...	502,305	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	5,975	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	2,895	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	3,930	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5,410	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	14,160	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	14,505	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	12,430	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	14,120	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	15,160	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	15,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	70	...	...	30,875	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	90	...	...	31,950	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	80	...	...	31,405	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	80	...	...	29,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	110	...	...	28,640	...	...
$100,000 and over	725	...	...	245,760	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	230	...	...	61,565	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	180	...	...	47,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	180	...	...	61,440	...	...
$200,000 and over	130	...	...	75,515	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,335	...	...	502,305	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	6,665	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	2,985	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	4,035	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5,855	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	15,290	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	16,415	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	14,475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	16,635	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	18,230	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	45	...	...	18,030	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	100	...	...	37,875	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	100	...	...	38,390	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	115	...	...	36,910	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	135	...	...	35,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	115	...	...	31,690	...	...
$100,000 and over	545	...	...	203,605	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	230	...	...	64,210	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	145	...	...	45,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	175	...	...	93,720	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,000	...	...	350,080	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	385	...	...	119,715	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	485	...	...	170,690	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	47,790	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	390	185	205	196,265	100,210	96,060
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,600	61,200	54,800	44,000	45,200	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,200	51,200	48,800	39,600	40,000	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	955	...	...	350,020	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	151,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	122,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	330	...	...	119,860	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	113,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	490	...	...	170,590	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	178,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	47,630	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	77,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	405	190	215	196,265	100,075	96,185
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,400	66,000	62,400	59,850	61,150	58,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,400	53,600	49,600	49,480	50,080	48,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	3,390	1,630	1,765	1,291,770	642,160	649,610
0 to 17 years	815	400	415	279,980	143,740	136,235
0 to 5 years	400	185	215	90,035	46,090	43,945
18 to 64 years	2,395	1,140	1,255	844,490	419,605	424,880
65 years and over	180	90	95	167,305	78,810	88,495
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	170	75	95	115,560	55,845	59,720
0 to 17 years	40	20	25	30,045	15,495	14,550
0 to 5 years	25	10	10	9,980	5,085	4,895
18 to 64 years	100	50	55	68,060	33,225	34,835
65 years and over	25	10	15	17,455	7,120	10,335
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.0	4.6	5.5	9.0	8.7	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	4.5	6.0	10.7	10.8	10.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4	6.0	6.0	11.1	11.0	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.0	4.4	8.1	7.9	8.2
65 years and over (%)	14.0	12.0	18.0	10.4	9.0	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,291,770	642,160	649,610
0 to 17 years	815	400	415	279,975	143,740	136,235
0 to 5 years	395	185	210	90,035	46,090	43,945
18 to 64 years	2,395	1,145	1,255	844,490	419,610	424,880
65 years and over	180	85	90	167,305	78,810	88,495
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	105	50	60	74,755	38,790	35,970
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	16,260	8,345	7,910
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	5,165	2,630	2,530
18 to 64 years	80	40	40	52,615	27,685	24,930
65 years and over	5	0	5	5,885	2,755	3,135
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2	5.8	6.0	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.0	2.8	5.8	5.8	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	2.5	3.0	5.7	5.7	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	6.2	6.6	5.9
65 years and over (%)	4.0	x	5.0	3.5	3.5	3.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	3,390	1,630	1,765	1,291,770	642,160	649,610
In bottom half of the distribution	1,400	650	755	567,165	277,385	289,775
In bottom decile	140	65	80	107,675	54,440	53,230
In second decile	210	90	120	113,610	53,540	60,065
In third decile	270	135	140	112,705	54,705	58,005
In fourth decile	365	170	190	115,075	56,390	58,690
In fifth decile	420	195	225	118,100	58,310	59,790
In top half of the distribution	1,985	975	1,010	724,605	364,770	359,830
In sixth decile	440	210	230	122,380	60,845	61,535
In seventh decile	415	195	215	125,895	62,890	63,005
In eighth decile	360	180	175	132,170	66,300	65,865
In ninth decile	460	225	235	145,410	73,125	72,290
In top decile	310	160	150	198,750	101,615	97,135
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	3,390	...	...	1,291,770	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.265	...	...	0.376	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.332	...	...	0.471	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.239	...	...	0.327	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,296,120	644,020	652,095
English only	3,155	1,520	1,635	1,177,415	591,385	586,025
French only	0	0	0	825	350	480
English and French	170	85	90	85,355	39,160	46,200
Neither English nor French	60	25	35	32,520	13,125	19,395
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,296,120	644,020	652,095
English	3,270	1,570	1,700	1,240,980	619,695	621,280
French	35	20	20	16,810	8,335	8,480
English and French	30	20	20	6,620	3,275	3,345
Neither English nor French	55	20	35	31,705	12,710	18,995
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,296,120	644,020	652,095
Single responses	3,145	1,515	1,630	1,229,455	611,620	617,835
Official languages	2,020	990	1,030	846,405	428,260	418,145
English	1,980	975	1,010	830,305	420,265	410,040
French	40	20	20	16,100	7,990	8,105
Non-official languages	1,125	525	600	383,050	183,360	199,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	580	240	345
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	415	165	250
Blackfoot	0	0	0	175	80	90
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	185	70	120
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	185	70	120
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	15	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	45	75
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	45	15	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	80	30	55
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	15	5	10
Stoney	0	0	0	60	20	40
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,125	525	600	382,470	183,120	199,345
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	34,290	17,610	16,680
Berber languages	0	0	0	125	70	55
Kabyle	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,165	1,585	1,580
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85
Oromo	0	0	0	1,370	685	685
Somali	0	0	0	1,600	795	805
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5
Semitic languages	45	20	25	30,935	15,925	15,005
Amharic	5	5	5	4,460	2,140	2,315
Arabic	30	15	20	20,395	10,695	9,705
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	325	160	165
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	215	100	110
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55
Harari	0	0	0	40	20	25
Hebrew	0	0	0	455	225	230
Maltese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tigrigna	10	0	0	4,890	2,510	2,380
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	13,755	6,180	7,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	795	365	425
Vietnamese	10	0	5	12,855	5,750	7,100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50
Austronesian languages	350	150	200	51,040	22,530	28,505
Bikol	0	0	0	195	85	110
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	865	370	495
Cebuano	20	5	10	1,840	815	1,020
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	955	405	550
Ilocano	10	10	5	3,435	1,545	1,890
Indonesian	0	0	0	665	270	395
Kankanaey	0	0	0	190	80	110
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	40	40
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	0	0	0	135	65	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	460	225	240
Pangasinan	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	115	155	41,375	18,235	23,135
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	155	75	75
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	420	180	235
Creole languages	0	0	0	560	275	285
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	165	75	85
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	5
Krio	0	0	0	55	25	30
Morisyen	0	0	0	95	50	50
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	145	75	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	40	40
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	6,430	3,300	3,125
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	175
Malayalam	5	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,320
Tamil	15	5	10	2,095	1,095	1,000
Telugu	5	0	0	1,255	660	595
Tulu	0	0	0	50	25	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	575	275	300	182,725	89,715	93,015
Albanian	0	0	0	1,330	695	630
Armenian	0	0	0	260	135	125
Balto-Slavic languages	145	60	80	27,355	12,635	14,725
Baltic languages	0	0	0	435	205	230
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95
Lithuanian	0	0	0	270	130	140
Slavic languages	140	60	85	26,925	12,430	14,490
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	785	395	390
Czech	0	0	0	1,190	545	650
Macedonian	0	0	0	135	70	70
Polish	25	10	10	6,845	3,190	3,650
Russian	75	30	45	9,460	4,205	5,255
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	4,440	2,150	2,290
Bosnian	0	0	0	780	380	405
Croatian	15	5	10	1,755	830	925
Serbian	5	5	5	1,830	900	925
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Slovak	5	5	5	940	465	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	195	85	110
Ukrainian	10	0	10	2,900	1,315	1,585
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	100	55	45
Irish	0	0	0	30	20	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	20	10	5	12,360	5,935	6,430
Frisian	0	0	0	30	15	15
High German languages	15	5	5	7,370	3,450	3,915
German	15	5	5	7,100	3,315	3,790
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	210	105	100
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,940	1,950	1,990
Afrikaans	0	0	0	905	445	455
Dutch	0	0	0	2,750	1,370	1,375
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	180	75	105
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,000	495	505
Danish	0	0	0	560	295	265
Icelandic	0	0	0	40	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	165	70	95
Swedish	0	0	0	235	110	125
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	5
Greek	0	0	0	1,385	640	745
Indo-Iranian languages	195	105	95	98,325	49,490	48,840
Indo-Aryan languages	175	95	85	85,530	43,050	42,485
Assamese	0	0	0	45	20	25
Bengali	0	5	0	4,350	2,175	2,180
Gujarati	45	25	20	6,290	3,245	3,045
Hindi	25	15	10	7,905	3,990	3,920
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,030	455	580
Kashmiri	0	0	0	75	40	35
Konkani	0	0	0	160	75	85
Marathi	0	0	0	980	495	480
Nepali	10	5	5	2,195	1,135	1,065
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	43,685	21,975	21,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sindhi	10	5	0	285	150	135
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	960	475	490
Urdu	30	15	15	16,835	8,445	8,390
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	625	330	290
Iranian languages	15	5	10	12,760	6,425	6,335
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,055	515	540
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Pashto	0	0	0	1,960	1,000	960
Persian languages	15	5	10	9,625	4,835	4,780
Dari	10	0	5	2,800	1,400	1,395
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	5,565	2,800	2,765
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,255	635	620
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages	220	105	115	41,550	20,105	21,450
Catalan	0	0	0	45	15	25
Italian	5	0	5	4,100	2,060	2,040
Portuguese	15	5	5	4,065	1,935	2,125
Romanian	35	20	15	4,155	2,045	2,115
Spanish	170	85	85	29,175	14,035	15,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Japanese	0	0	0	2,195	735	1,455
Korean	15	5	5	10,205	4,705	5,510
Mongolian	0	0	0	450	200	245
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	5,870	2,945	2,920
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	620	315	305
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	90	45	40
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	80	35	45
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	55	25	30
Igbo	5	0	5	730	380	355
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	190	95	95
Lingala	0	0	0	55	30	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	115	55	60
Ndebele	0	0	0	85	40	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	140	60	80
Shona	0	0	0	290	130	155
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Swahili	0	0	0	725	355	380
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	80	40	45
Yoruba	20	10	10	1,685	880	805
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	700	335	360
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,270	640	625
Dinka	0	0	0	535	295	240
Nuer	0	0	0	375	165	215
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	155	155
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	35	25
Sign languages	0	0	0	230	115	110
American Sign Language	0	0	0	185	100	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	30	67,255	31,260	36,000
Chinese languages	55	25	30	65,980	30,640	35,335
Hakka	0	0	0	280	135	150
Mandarin	30	15	15	31,270	14,465	16,810
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,205	515	690
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	250	125	125
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	32,065	14,990	17,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	380	460
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,235	600	635
Burmese	0	0	0	255	120	135
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,070	390	685
Lao	0	0	0	415	195	215
Thai	0	0	0	620	175	445
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,870	1,000	865
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	240	135	110
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35
Turkish	0	0	0	1,340	730	610
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	40
Uralic languages	5	5	0	3,070	1,415	1,655
Estonian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Finnish	0	0	0	240	85	155
Hungarian	5	5	0	2,765	1,300	1,465
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Multiple responses	250	110	135	66,660	32,400	34,265
English and French	15	5	5	5,245	2,530	2,715
English and non-official language(s)	215	95	115	53,970	26,410	27,560
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,145	565	580
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,015	465	545
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	5,295	2,430	2,865
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,296,120	644,020	652,095
English	2,055	985	1,070	858,205	432,905	425,300
French	5	0	5	3,800	1,885	1,915
Non-official language	330	160	170	119,530	56,930	62,595
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	45	20	20
Non-Indigenous	330	160	170	119,485	56,915	62,570
English and French	35	15	15	12,035	5,650	6,380
English and non-official language(s)	915	445	470	283,170	137,555	145,610
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	525	235	290
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	6,990	3,275	3,715
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	11,860	5,575	6,290
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	3,390	1,625	1,765	1,296,120	644,020	652,095
Single responses	3,165	1,510	1,650	1,226,245	609,935	616,315
Official languages	2,430	1,160	1,270	983,495	492,440	491,055
English	2,420	1,155	1,265	977,675	489,585	488,090
French	10	5	5	5,820	2,860	2,965
Non-official languages	730	350	380	242,750	117,500	125,255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	105	40	60
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	15	20
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	730	350	380	242,650	117,455	125,195
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	21,960	10,980	10,975
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	30	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,135	1,040	1,100
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70
Oromo	0	0	0	995	495	495
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	19,740	9,895	9,845
Amharic	0	0	0	2,800	1,320	1,485
Arabic	15	5	5	12,395	6,275	6,120
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	485	230	255
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	250	120	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	75	80
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	45	45
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hebrew	0	0	0	235	115	115
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	3,765	1,920	1,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,355	4,270	5,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	430	190	240
Vietnamese	0	0	0	8,840	4,030	4,810
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35
Austronesian languages	220	100	120	32,480	15,230	17,250
Bikol	0	0	0	75	35	35
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	470	220	245
Cebuano	15	5	5	1,090	530	560
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	520	250	270
Ilocano	5	0	0	2,135	990	1,150
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	55
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	40	20	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	240	120	120
Pangasinan	0	0	0	50	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	80	90	27,210	12,710	14,500
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	70	40	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	180	90	90
Creole languages	0	0	0	325	155	170
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	4,160	2,085	2,080
Kannada	0	0	0	190	90	95
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,785	890	900
Tamil	10	0	5	1,395	710	680
Telugu	5	0	0	760	375	380
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	405	195	210	112,245	55,440	56,805
Albanian	0	0	0	610	325	290
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75
Balto-Slavic languages	105	45	60	12,980	6,225	6,760
Baltic languages	0	0	0	195	95	95
Latvian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	120	60	60
Slavic languages	105	45	60	12,790	6,130	6,660
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	360	175	185
Czech	0	0	0	345	160	185
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Polish	15	5	5	2,795	1,345	1,455
Russian	60	25	35	6,055	2,880	3,170
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	1,860	905	960
Bosnian	0	0	0	315	155	160
Croatian	10	5	5	650	300	350
Serbian	10	0	5	895	440	450
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	10	5	0	350	165	180
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ukrainian	5	5	5	905	435	470
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,535	735	805
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	5
High German languages	0	0	0	665	320	345
German	0	0	0	640	305	335
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	725	345	380
Afrikaans	0	0	0	435	215	225
Dutch	0	0	0	275	125	150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	130	60	75
Danish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Swedish	0	0	0	70	30	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	430	185	245
Indo-Iranian languages	140	70	70	73,220	36,630	36,595
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	64,720	32,425	32,290
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bengali	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Gujarati	30	15	15	4,045	2,085	1,960
Hindi	20	10	10	5,165	2,605	2,565
Kacchi	0	0	0	565	235	325
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35
Marathi	0	0	0	565	285	280
Nepali	10	5	5	1,565	805	765
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	20	36,445	18,325	18,120
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sindhi	10	5	0	165	85	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	520	255	265
Urdu	15	10	10	12,250	6,075	6,175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	340	165	175
Iranian languages	10	5	10	8,490	4,190	4,295
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	735	355	380
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	1,215	625	595
Persian languages	10	5	10	6,470	3,185	3,285
Dari	10	5	0	1,710	830	880
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	3,900	1,930	1,975
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	860	430	430
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	155	75	75	23,265	11,255	12,015
Catalan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Italian	0	0	0	945	425	520
Portuguese	5	5	5	2,220	1,090	1,125
Romanian	10	10	5	1,980	980	995
Spanish	135	70	65	18,095	8,740	9,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Japanese	0	0	0	1,075	455	615
Korean	10	5	5	7,740	3,650	4,090
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	2,045	965	1,080
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	315	155	160
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	5
Éwé	0	0	0	10	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	195	100	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	20	10	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30
Shona	0	0	0	85	35	50
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swahili	0	0	0	275	125	145
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20
Yoruba	10	5	0	615	290	325
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	65	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	700	350	350
Dinka	0	0	0	325	185	145
Nuer	0	0	0	255	110	145
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages	5	0	0	380	210	165
American Sign Language	0	0	0	295	160	135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25	47,145	22,180	24,965
Chinese languages	45	25	25	46,220	21,715	24,505
Hakka	0	0	0	80	30	50
Mandarin	20	10	15	23,495	11,210	12,290
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	460	185	280
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	150	75	75
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	21,510	9,980	11,530
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	230	270
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	910	460	455
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	80
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	435	205	230
Lao	0	0	0	175	80	95
Thai	0	0	0	240	110	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,135	580	560
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	65
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5
Turkish	0	0	0	910	470	440
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,065	505	555
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	35	20	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,025	490	540
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Multiple responses	230	115	115	69,870	34,085	35,785
English and French	5	5	5	2,485	1,205	1,285
English and non-official language(s)	210	105	105	64,950	31,765	33,190
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	240	105	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	640	290	350
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	1,550	715	835
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	3,395	1,625	1,765	1,296,115	644,020	652,100
None	2,565	1,230	1,340	1,038,845	519,700	519,145
English	335	165	170	97,335	47,975	49,365
French	20	10	15	9,450	4,360	5,090
Non-official language	375	175	195	116,850	55,575	61,275
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	600	265	330
Non-Indigenous	365	175	195	116,250	55,305	60,945
English and French	5	0	0	1,235	595	640
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	15,885	7,880	8,005
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	3,285	1,535	1,755
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	105	90
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	25	13,040	6,300	6,735
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	3,430	1,605	1,820	1,291,770	642,130	649,635
Official languages	3,375	1,585	1,790	1,259,370	628,960	630,410
English	3,375	1,585	1,790	1,258,480	628,565	629,915
French	145	55	90	86,135	39,155	46,980
Non-official languages	1,470	735	735	518,025	249,240	268,785
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	15	1,600	630	965
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,045	395	650
Blackfoot	0	0	0	460	180	275
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	520	215	305
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	520	215	305
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	220	65	155
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	25	25	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	105	130
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	120	40	85
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	120	40	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	15	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	215	85	130
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	10	20
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	215	115	100
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dakota	0	0	0	20	20	0
Stoney	0	0	0	170	90	80
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous languages	1,445	720	715	516,570	248,665	267,905
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	60	40	52,310	27,045	25,265
Berber languages	0	0	0	275	175	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	165	90	70
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	25	10
Chadic languages	0	0	0	350	215	135
Hausa	0	0	0	340	210	135
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,685	2,455	2,225
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105
Oromo	0	0	0	2,085	1,115	970
Somali	0	0	0	2,420	1,260	1,165
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Semitic languages	85	45	40	48,400	24,960	23,435
Amharic	20	0	15	8,360	4,130	4,230
Arabic	45	30	15	33,325	17,480	15,845
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	820	480	345
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	345	210	135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	370	210	160
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	50
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35
Hebrew	25	10	10	1,975	1,000	975
Maltese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,570	3,870	3,695
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	19,430	8,935	10,495
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,135	540	595
Vietnamese	0	0	0	18,090	8,270	9,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	270	150	120
Austronesian languages	425	205	225	70,310	31,065	39,240
Bikol	0	0	0	505	265	240
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	1,065	475	595
Cebuano	50	20	30	3,285	1,510	1,775
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,265	525	735
Ilocano	40	20	20	6,395	2,785	3,610
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,175	545	635
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Malay	0	0	0	780	350	430
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	1,130	490	635
Pangasinan	0	0	0	460	235	225
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	190	200	66,715	29,420	37,300
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	390	190	200
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,700	770	925
Creole languages	10	0	0	1,915	975	940
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	540	285	255
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	135	55	80
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	60
Morisyen	0	0	0	355	170	185
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	475	275	205
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	470	225	240
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	10,080	5,160	4,920
Kannada	0	0	0	1,075	550	530
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,775	1,935	1,840
Tamil	20	10	15	4,200	2,140	2,055
Telugu	0	0	0	2,335	1,220	1,115
Tulu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	745	375	370	257,340	126,440	130,900
Albanian	0	0	0	1,825	990	840
Armenian	20	10	10	460	265	195
Balto-Slavic languages	140	65	75	34,205	16,055	18,150
Baltic languages	0	0	0	485	220	270
Latvian	0	0	0	155	65	90
Lithuanian	0	0	0	330	155	175
Slavic languages	140	65	75	33,920	15,935	17,985
Belarusian	0	0	0	85	30	50
Bulgarian	0	0	0	985	445	540
Czech	0	0	0	1,940	970	970
Macedonian	0	0	0	290	135	150
Polish	30	15	10	8,485	4,025	4,460
Russian	100	50	55	14,155	6,685	7,470
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,010	2,820	3,195
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,560	745	810
Croatian	0	0	0	3,010	1,400	1,615
Serbian	0	0	0	2,905	1,385	1,520
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Slovak	0	0	0	1,295	590	700
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	280	115	165
Ukrainian	10	10	0	4,265	1,890	2,375
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	435	245	190
Irish	0	0	0	205	125	85
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	85	35	40
Welsh	0	0	0	135	80	60
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	21,235	10,295	10,935
Frisian	0	0	0	55	20	35
High German languages	25	15	10	14,220	6,860	7,360
German	25	15	10	13,950	6,720	7,235
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	350	165	185
Yiddish	0	0	0	110	65	40
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,870	2,990	2,885
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,785	960	825
Dutch	0	0	0	3,780	1,890	1,885
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	230	90	135
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	125	60	65
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,920	895	1,030
Danish	0	0	0	940	480	460
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	15	35
Norwegian	0	0	0	380	165	215
Swedish	0	0	0	630	275	355
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,155	1,065	1,090
Indo-Iranian languages	325	155	160	132,795	67,155	65,640
Indo-Aryan languages	280	135	145	118,560	60,020	58,540
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35
Bengali	0	0	0	6,005	3,015	2,990
Gujarati	45	20	25	10,800	5,485	5,315
Hindi	105	50	55	42,160	21,290	20,875
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,245	985	1,260
Kashmiri	0	0	0	190	95	95
Konkani	0	0	0	425	200	230
Marathi	0	0	0	2,245	1,150	1,095
Nepali	0	0	0	2,880	1,485	1,395
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	60	65	61,205	31,170	30,030
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	15	0	630	360	270
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	1,330	640	690
Urdu	75	40	35	29,980	15,280	14,705
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,355	730	625
Iranian languages	40	25	20	16,480	8,290	8,195
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	35	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,360	690	670
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445
Persian languages	40	25	20	12,595	6,355	6,230
Dari	0	0	0	4,430	2,165	2,265
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,735	3,460	3,275
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,605	835	770
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75
Italic (Romance) languages	245	135	110	71,550	34,010	37,540
Catalan	0	0	0	100	45	60
Italian	0	0	0	8,730	4,240	4,490
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,170	3,070	3,100
Romanian	45	25	20	5,390	2,695	2,695
Spanish	180	95	90	54,235	25,520	28,715
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	75	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	65	80
Japanese	20	15	10	4,845	2,125	2,715
Korean	15	10	10	11,695	5,490	6,205
Mongolian	0	0	0	640	300	335
Niger-Congo languages	110	60	50	16,975	8,610	8,365
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,270	645	620
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	310	165	145
Éwé	0	0	0	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	170	110	65
Ga	0	0	0	275	140	140
Ganda	0	0	0	110	60	45
Gikuyu	0	0	0	155	70	85
Igbo	25	10	15	2,800	1,465	1,335
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	295	140	150
Lingala	0	0	0	395	185	210
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mwani	0	0	0	255	140	110
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	65	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	85	65
Shona	0	0	0	580	270	310
Soninke	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55
Swahili	0	0	0	3,220	1,700	1,520
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10
Wolof	0	0	0	230	130	100
Yoruba	70	35	35	5,915	2,900	3,015
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,355	1,175	1,180
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,815	925	890
Dinka	0	0	0	815	435	380
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	575	300	270
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	80	90
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,775	630	1,145
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,495	515	980
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	335	155	185
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	81,025	38,350	42,680
Chinese languages	20	10	10	79,265	37,475	41,795
Hakka	0	0	0	390	160	235
Mandarin	15	10	10	45,330	21,095	24,235
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,295	1,000	1,295
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	335	140	195
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,090	19,730	22,350
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	395	445
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,785	885	900
Burmese	0	0	0	495	245	250
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	120	60	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	70	85
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,640	680	955
Lao	0	0	0	595	300	295
Thai	0	0	0	1,160	445	710
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,420	1,785	1,635
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95
Turkish	0	0	0	2,530	1,425	1,100
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80
Uzbek	0	0	0	180	80	100
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	65
Uralic languages	10	10	0	3,760	1,750	2,010
Estonian	0	0	0	125	55	70
Finnish	0	0	0	360	170	190
Hungarian	10	10	0	3,290	1,535	1,755
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	485	275	210
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,425	1,610	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,635
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	80	35	50	41,350	19,270	22,085
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	75	35	45	39,720	18,515	21,210
First Nations (North American Indian)	35	25	15	18,440	8,300	10,135
Métis	35	10	30	20,855	9,990	10,865
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	430	220	205
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	865	385	475
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	765	365	395
Non-Indigenous identity	3,345	1,575	1,770	1,250,420	622,865	627,555
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	3,425	1,610	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,635
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	35	25	15	14,405	6,575	7,825
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,395	1,585	1,805	1,277,370	635,560	641,810
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
Owner	1,145	...	...	345,690	...	...
Renter	155	...	...	156,615	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
Condominium	480	...	...	124,190	...	...
Not condominium	825	...	...	378,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	2,920	...	...
1 bedroom	75	...	...	59,385	...	...
2 bedrooms	385	...	...	116,625	...	...
3 bedrooms	605	...	...	167,895	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	220	...	...	155,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	500	...	...	153,485	...	...
5 rooms	255	...	...	78,585	...	...
6 rooms	220	...	...	69,385	...	...
7 rooms	155	...	...	59,530	...	...
8 or more rooms	175	...	...	141,320	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,245	...	...	486,420	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...	15,885	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
Suitable	1,205	...	...	476,790	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...	25,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	43,855	...	...
1961 to 1980	0	...	...	133,035	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	59,780	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	75,685	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	50,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	47,665	...	...
2011 to 2015	70	...	...	45,850	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,220	...	...	46,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,285	...	...	479,525	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	22,780	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
One-maintainer household	530	...	...	242,815	...	...
Two-maintainer household	685	...	...	228,860	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	80	...	...	30,630	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
15 to 24 years	45	...	...	13,825	...	...
25 to 34 years	440	...	...	83,280	...	...
35 to 44 years	385	...	...	110,705	...	...
45 to 54 years	190	...	...	100,130	...	...
55 to 64 years	160	...	...	93,305	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...	62,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	27,860	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	10,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,295	...	...	499,855	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	945	...	...	385,380	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	350	...	...	114,470	...	...
30% to less than 100%	325	...	...	102,665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,300	...	...	502,305	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	430	...	...	150,520	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	325	...	...	103,650	...	...
Not suitable only	85	...	...	19,875	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	14,995	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	4,215	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	6,360	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,170	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	250	...	...
Acceptable housing	870	...	...	351,785	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,270	...	...	488,040	...	...
In core need	75	...	...	49,860	...	...
Not in core need	1,195	...	...	438,185	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,140	...	...	345,680	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	91.2	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.4	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,004	...	...	1,774	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	456,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	416,000	...	...	519,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155	...	...	156,615	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.7	...	...	34.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.1	...	...	20.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,404	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	3,425	1,610	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,635
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	45	20	20	14,495	6,615	7,875
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45	20	20	14,125	6,430	7,695
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	35	20	10	10,035	4,560	5,475
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	3,975	1,790	2,185
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	115	75	40
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	370	190	185
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	355	180	180
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	50	20	30	34,850	16,545	18,305
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	50	20	30	33,825	16,090	17,740
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	19,015	9,015	10,005
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20	14,490	6,925	7,565
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	320	145	170
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,030	460	570
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	935	420	515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	3,340	1,570	1,770	1,242,425	618,970	623,455
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	3,430	1,605	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,640
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	2,820	1,320	1,500	1,131,540	565,050	566,495
Canadian citizens aged under 18	800	340	460	257,900	132,670	125,230
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,020	980	1,040	873,645	432,380	441,265
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	605	290	320	160,225	77,085	83,140
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	3,430	1,605	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,640
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,970	930	1,045	834,100	420,985	413,120
Immigrants⁸¹	1,425	665	755	430,640	207,060	223,575
Before 1980	20	10	15	48,430	23,310	25,115
1980 to 1990	75	25	50	40,330	19,730	20,600
1991 to 2000	150	70	75	61,465	29,575	31,890
2001 to 2010	390	180	210	117,055	56,175	60,875
2011 to 2021⁸²	790	380	410	163,365	78,275	85,095
2011 to 2015	370	185	190	82,050	39,320	42,735
2016 to 2021	415	195	225	81,315	38,960	42,360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	30	20	15	27,025	14,085	12,940
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,420	665	755	430,640	207,065	223,575
Under 5 years	120	45	70	37,050	18,960	18,090
5 to 14 years	255	120	130	71,460	37,200	34,265
15 to 24 years	190	80	105	74,550	34,020	40,525
25 to 44 years	745	355	395	204,525	97,045	107,480
45 years and over	110	60	50	43,060	19,840	23,220
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,420	665	755	430,640	207,065	223,575
Americas	160	70	90	44,125	20,585	23,540
Brazil	0	0	0	2,010	890	1,120
Colombia	55	20	30	5,865	2,710	3,160
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,425	1,135	1,290
Guyana	0	0	0	740	340	400
Haiti	0	0	0	510	295	220
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,135	1,475	1,660
Mexico	10	10	0	4,895	2,410	2,480
Peru	0	0	0	1,070	470	595
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,315	620	695
United States of America	30	15	15	10,895	4,960	5,935
Other places of birth in Americas	35	0	25	11,260	5,275	5,985
Europe	235	125	115	68,740	34,275	34,465
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045
Croatia	0	0	0	1,330	620	705
France	0	0	0	1,265	645	620
Germany	10	0	0	4,685	2,155	2,525
Greece	0	0	0	865	455	415
Hungary	0	0	0	1,550	740	815
Italy	0	0	0	3,075	1,590	1,490
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,620	1,375	1,245
Poland	25	15	10	5,890	2,750	3,140
Portugal	0	0	0	990	505	485
Romania	35	20	15	4,025	2,030	1,995
Russian Federation	15	0	10	4,210	1,785	2,430
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	980	460	515
Ukraine	20	15	0	3,035	1,385	1,655
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	30	45	20,420	10,815	9,600
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	20	11,795	6,010	5,780
Africa	235	115	120	51,610	26,045	25,560
Algeria	0	0	0	630	310	315
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	855	425	435
Egypt	15	15	0	3,320	1,745	1,575
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,720	2,465	2,250
Ethiopia	25	10	15	7,090	3,435	3,655
Morocco	0	0	0	870	445	425
Nigeria	150	70	80	12,450	6,340	6,110
Somalia	0	0	0	1,580	775	805
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	3,095	1,620	1,480
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	10	17,005	8,480	8,525
Asia	790	350	435	262,700	124,535	138,160
Afghanistan	25	10	15	3,980	1,970	2,010
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,515	2,865	2,650
Iraq	0	0	0	3,935	1,990	1,950
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,095	2,205	1,890
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,340	2,280	2,060
Turkey	0	0	0	1,085	540	545
China⁹⁰	20	15	0	36,245	16,615	19,625
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,775	5,180	5,595
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	8,215	3,835	4,375
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,110	885	1,220
Philippines	435	180	250	65,430	29,000	36,430
Viet Nam	0	0	0	15,395	6,875	8,525
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,510	1,785	1,725
India	145	75	75	56,510	28,275	28,240
Pakistan	65	30	30	18,375	9,305	9,070
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	1,820	900	925
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	45	21,375	10,040	11,335
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	3,470	1,630	1,840
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	415	195	225	81,315	38,960	42,360
Americas	35	20	20	7,550	3,475	4,070
Brazil	0	0	0	840	355	490
Colombia	0	0	0	615	245	370
Haiti	0	0	0	105	55	45
Jamaica	0	0	0	475	215	255
Mexico	0	0	0	1,265	645	615
United States of America	15	0	15	2,130	1,000	1,130
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	885	390	500
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,245	570	675
Europe	40	20	15	6,505	3,340	3,170
France	0	0	0	200	95	105
Germany	0	0	0	225	105	120
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	470	315	160
Italy	0	0	0	260	160	105
Russian Federation	10	0	10	635	235	405
Ukraine	0	0	0	680	295	385
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,420	805	610
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	2,615	1,330	1,290
Africa	115	50	60	15,065	7,475	7,590
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25
Cameroon	0	0	0	380	170	210
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	155	85	75
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20
Egypt	0	0	0	595	300	300
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,525	1,325	1,195
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,845	880	965
Morocco	0	0	0	210	95	110
Nigeria	105	45	60	5,885	2,895	2,990
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	650	360	295
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	445	215	225
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,815	895	920
Asia	230	110	125	51,570	24,320	27,250
Afghanistan	0	0	0	845	405	435
Bangladesh	0	0	0	630	310	320
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,520	2,410	3,115
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	310	120	190
India	65	30	35	14,070	7,095	6,970
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	865	415	445
Iraq	0	0	0	945	440	505
Israel	0	0	0	340	185	150
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	140
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,740	740	1,000
Lebanon	0	0	0	425	215	210
Nepal	0	0	0	460	235	230
Pakistan	20	10	10	2,315	1,130	1,185
Philippines	120	65	60	15,485	7,055	8,435
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	265	160	105
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	145	75	70
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,070	1,630	1,445
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	360	200	165
Viet Nam	0	0	0	955	310	640
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,090	885	1,205
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	620	345	280
Australia	0	0	0	435	230	205
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	185	115	75
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	3,425	1,605	1,820	1,291,770	642,130	649,635
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,495	690	805	471,470	228,280	243,195
Second generation¹⁰¹	800	380	420	281,465	142,090	139,380
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,130	540	595	538,830	271,765	267,065
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,400	660	740	382,215	183,750	198,460
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	980	475	505	215,420	108,005	107,410
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	385	230	155	88,050	52,955	35,090
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	595	245	355	127,375	55,055	72,315
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	315	145	170	107,140	43,925	63,210
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	35	60	55,735	29,885	25,845
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	3,920	1,925	1,990
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,400	660	740	382,215	183,750	198,460
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	13,615	7,955	5,660
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	235	125	110	46,635	20,170	26,460
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	20	10	9,450	4,855	4,595
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	50	45	22,045	11,495	10,545
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,375	605	770
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,015	450	565	289,095	138,665	150,425
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	3,425	1,605	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,635
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,640	755	880	534,695	262,355	272,340
South Asian	350	165	185	141,660	71,810	69,845
Chinese	35	15	20	91,410	44,315	47,095
Black	305	150	155	70,680	35,655	35,020
Filipino	630	275	360	84,215	38,660	45,550
Arab	55	30	25	30,735	16,175	14,560
Latin American	155	80	85	31,855	15,340	16,520
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	26,395	12,300	14,095
West Asian	20	0	15	15,150	7,705	7,440
Korean	15	10	10	12,380	5,945	6,430
Japanese	20	0	15	5,825	2,530	3,295
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,445	2,710	2,740
Multiple visible minorities	45	25	25	18,955	9,210	9,745
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,795	850	935	757,075	379,775	377,295
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	3,430	1,605	1,815	1,291,770	642,135	649,635
Canadian	360	200	160	125,490	65,430	60,065
English	400	170	230	205,980	102,400	103,575
Irish	270	130	135	153,865	74,665	79,195
Scottish	355	145	210	177,490	87,675	89,815
French, n.o.s.¹²²	185	60	125	79,635	39,135	40,500
German	320	140	180	146,970	72,775	74,190
Chinese	80	25	55	96,180	46,325	49,860
Italian	75	55	20	36,235	18,060	18,175
Indian (India)	180	75	105	71,115	35,960	35,155
Ukrainian	135	55	80	69,030	33,640	35,390
Dutch	70	45	30	38,505	19,070	19,430
Polish	105	50	55	42,735	20,560	22,175
Québécois	0	0	0	1,580	785	795
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	75	25	50	41,520	20,955	20,570
Filipino	570	240	330	79,200	36,580	42,625
French Canadian	25	0	15	9,130	4,545	4,590
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	85	45	40	20,860	10,850	10,005
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	12,415	5,805	6,615
Métis	30	0	20	19,805	9,345	10,460
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	50	20	30	22,790	11,410	11,380
Russian	145	80	75	28,470	13,255	15,215
Norwegian	60	35	30	32,675	15,535	17,140
Welsh	10	10	0	21,030	9,965	11,065
Portuguese	20	0	20	6,770	3,400	3,370
American	20	0	15	18,030	8,720	9,310
Spanish	75	30	50	17,085	7,820	9,265
Swedish	60	20	30	20,940	10,255	10,685
Hungarian	45	25	20	16,335	7,965	8,375
Acadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,520	1,415
Pakistani	75	40	35	22,800	11,565	11,240
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	35	30	13,470	6,635	6,830
Jewish	40	15	20	6,595	3,345	3,250
Punjabi	35	15	20	18,050	9,135	8,920
Vietnamese	0	0	0	21,145	9,890	11,255
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	10,585	5,620	4,965
Greek	0	0	0	5,540	2,865	2,680
Jamaican	0	0	0	5,860	2,915	2,950
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	15	14,510	6,955	7,555
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	5,915	2,675	3,240
Korean	30	15	15	12,445	5,920	6,525
Romanian	40	20	20	10,540	4,990	5,545
Lebanese	0	0	0	11,360	5,955	5,405
Iranian	0	0	0	6,105	3,130	2,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	4,815	2,325	2,490
Danish	45	10	35	14,575	7,305	7,270
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	4,225	2,020	2,200
Sikh	0	0	0	14,120	7,270	6,850
Austrian	25	15	10	10,255	5,080	5,175
Belgian	0	0	0	5,295	2,545	2,755
Haitian	0	0	0	930	475	455
Hindu	35	15	20	8,550	4,305	4,245
Mexican	15	10	0	7,685	3,755	3,930
Mennonite	0	0	0	3,750	1,840	1,910
Swiss	15	10	0	5,765	2,795	2,965
Finnish	0	0	0	5,250	2,540	2,705
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	1,865	925	940
Croatian	0	0	0	5,170	2,540	2,635
Japanese	20	0	15	7,785	3,465	4,320
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	4,655	2,305	2,345
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,330	620	705
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	25	0	6,340	3,050	3,290
Muslim	0	0	0	6,060	3,145	2,915
Egyptian	35	15	25	4,610	2,475	2,135
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	25	25	5,960	2,910	3,050
Tamil	15	0	10	1,370	710	665
Icelandic	0	0	0	6,025	3,195	2,830
Colombian	50	20	20	6,420	3,075	3,345
Moroccan	0	0	0	880	425	460
Czech	0	0	0	6,295	3,085	3,215
Syrian	0	0	0	4,215	2,150	2,065
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,210	595	615
Afghan	40	15	25	6,465	3,170	3,290
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,205
Serbian	0	0	0	3,125	1,485	1,635
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,165	595	575
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,500	795	705
Hong Konger	0	0	0	3,940	1,925	2,015
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,030	470	565
Persian	0	0	0	2,700	1,440	1,260
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,495	745	750
Turkish	0	0	0	2,610	1,435	1,175
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	520	265	255
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,570	1,810	1,765
Algerian	0	0	0	645	320	320
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,555	1,260	1,290
Nigerian	120	65	55	8,120	4,145	3,975
Armenian	0	0	0	925	495	430
Slovak	0	0	0	3,520	1,750	1,770
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	2,620	1,220	1,400
Somali	0	0	0	2,830	1,485	1,350
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,120	890	1,230
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,035	1,470	1,570
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,325	1,150	1,175
African Caribbean	0	0	0	930	495	430
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,670	1,710	1,960
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,645	1,375	1,270
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,330	650	680
Algonquin	0	0	0	380	165	220
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	835	370	465
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,015	880	1,130
South African	0	0	0	2,915	1,465	1,445
Australian	15	10	0	3,060	1,585	1,475
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,675	910	760
Chilean	0	0	0	2,925	1,505	1,420
Congolese	0	0	0	1,045	500	545
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	850	380	470
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,695	3,225	3,465
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	15	2,920	1,375	1,550
Peruvian	20	0	15	1,450	690	760
Yoruba	80	25	60	5,200	2,640	2,560
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	1,960	965	985
Berber	0	0	0	405	225	175
Albanian	0	0	0	1,870	1,030	835
Maltese	0	0	0	505	230	275
Macedonian	0	0	0	385	185	200
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,445	715	730
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	1,960	925	1,035
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	410	170	235
Gujarati	25	0	20	1,665	880	785
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,320	2,700	2,615
African Canadian	0	0	0	940	465	475
Israeli	0	0	0	1,095	565	525
Mohawk	0	0	0	500	300	200
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0	1,685	790	900
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,305	635	670
Albertan	15	10	10	5,465	2,785	2,685
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,405	705	700
Barbadian	0	0	0	640	310	330
African American	0	0	0	935	435	495
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,030	545	480
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,305	675	630
Cuban	0	0	0	830	395	435
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,870	890	975
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,025	1,445	1,575
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	30	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	1,025	485	540
Bengali	0	0	0	1,200	585	610
Cameroonian	0	0	0	930	485	450
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,200	555	645
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,555	750	800
Laotian	0	0	0	1,015	505	510
Ilocano	30	15	20	2,575	1,195	1,380
Northern Irish	0	0	0	920	445	475
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	805	420	385
British Columbian	0	0	0	520	295	225
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	405	210	190
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	125	85	40
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,050	545	510
Estonian	0	0	0	980	480	500
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,060	525	530
Fijian	0	0	0	1,145	525	620
Jatt	0	0	0	1,410	705	705
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	645	320	325
Coptic	0	0	0	440	225	215
Thai	0	0	0	1,185	370	810
Dominican	0	0	0	405	245	160
Nepali	0	0	0	2,255	1,175	1,085
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	45
Assyrian	0	0	0	420	215	200
Igbo	45	25	20	3,150	1,635	1,515
Byelorussian	15	10	10	730	350	380
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	215	95	120
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	10	1,580	685	895
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25
Moldovan	0	0	0	990	545	445
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	245	125	120
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,095	590	500
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,480	1,205	1,275
Breton	0	0	0	40	30	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	350	125	225
Malaysian	25	15	10	1,175	560	620
Plains Cree	0	0	0	200	100	95
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	420	210	210
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	80	40	45
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,150	595	555
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,010	480	525
Gaspesian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	145	100	45
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,270	645	625
Ivorian	0	0	0	210	110	105
Saulteaux	0	0	0	280	120	160
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	160	60	105
Burundian	0	0	0	150	70	85
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,240	1,220	1,020
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	800	355	445
Mauritian	0	0	0	450	190	255
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,050	510	540
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Vincentian	0	0	0	175	65	110
Jordanian	0	0	0	445	220	225
Manitoban	0	0	0	460	245	210
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	175	90	85
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130
Grenadian	0	0	0	225	90	135
Malayali	0	0	0	665	375	290
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85
Sinhalese	0	0	0	555	255	305
Mayan	0	0	0	575	310	270
Honduran	0	0	0	340	150	185
Cherokee	0	0	0	545	255	285
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	110	45	65
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	140	70	70
Flemish	0	0	0	420	190	235
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	180	65	115
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320
Sicilian	0	0	0	110	35	70
Pashtun	0	0	0	820	420	400
Malay	0	0	0	790	340	450
Goan	0	0	0	350	185	165
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	330	165	160
Tibetan	0	0	0	790	415	375
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	660	295	365
Burmese	0	0	0	540	250	285
Mongolian	0	0	0	985	455	535
Azorean	0	0	0	70	25	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	105	60	45
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35
Ugandan	0	0	0	300	145	150
Oromo	0	0	0	1,560	875	685
Tanzanian	0	0	0	795	425	375
Yemeni	0	0	0	555	280	275
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40
Libyan	0	0	0	445	255	190
Basque	0	0	0	175	80	90
Uruguayan	0	0	0	85	40	45
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	295	125	165
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	345	210	130
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	625
Fulani	0	0	0	65	25	35
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	70	35	30
Guinean	0	0	0	155	80	70
St. Lucian	0	0	0	230	90	140
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	215	100	110
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Beninese	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	255	135	120
Roma	0	0	0	200	95	100
Costa Rican	0	0	0	180	95	85
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415
Singaporean	0	0	0	325	120	205
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195
Edo	0	0	0	605	340	265
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145
Amhara	0	0	0	810	435	380
Paraguayan	20	0	20	100	30	70
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	3,425	1,610	1,820	1,291,770	642,135	649,635
Buddhist	0	0	0	20,855	9,225	11,625
Christian	1,890	825	1,060	575,250	270,555	304,690
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	455	185	275	121,585	58,010	63,575
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,100	1,020	1,075
Anglican	40	20	20	27,005	12,375	14,635
Baptist	30	10	20	10,875	5,050	5,825
Catholic	1,015	465	545	262,720	125,010	137,705
Christian Orthodox	85	40	40	24,020	11,690	12,330
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	5,160	2,300	2,860
Latter Day Saints	30	10	20	9,895	4,590	5,305
Lutheran	0	0	0	14,005	6,325	7,675
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,570	1,160	1,415
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	45	10	35	14,690	6,905	7,785
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,330	3,730	4,600
Reformed	0	0	0	1,250	600	655
United Church	60	20	45	37,055	15,800	21,255
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	100	50	55	33,980	15,990	17,990
Hindu	125	55	75	33,450	17,180	16,265
Jewish	0	0	0	6,390	3,140	3,255
Muslim	190	100	85	95,925	48,855	47,075
Sikh	60	25	40	49,465	24,885	24,580
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,370	500	870
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	10	0	9,695	4,165	5,535
No religion and secular perspectives	1,130	590	545	499,375	263,630	235,745
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	3,345	1,560	1,785	1,277,835	634,945	642,885
Non-movers	2,220	1,005	1,220	1,101,965	547,205	554,760
Movers	1,125	560	565	175,865	87,745	88,125
Non-migrants	1,000	500	500	132,940	66,500	66,445
Migrants	120	60	60	42,925	21,245	21,680
Internal migrants	110	55	55	29,285	14,520	14,770
Intraprovincial migrants	55	30	25	13,780	6,700	7,080
Interprovincial migrants	60	30	30	15,505	7,820	7,690
External migrants	15	0	0	13,640	6,730	6,910
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	3,090	1,475	1,615	1,217,975	604,435	613,540
Non-movers	115	60	60	707,190	350,630	356,560
Movers	2,975	1,415	1,560	510,785	253,805	256,980
Non-migrants	2,285	1,060	1,225	333,555	166,780	166,775
Migrants	695	355	335	177,230	87,025	90,205
Internal migrants	450	240	200	103,835	51,155	52,680
Intraprovincial migrants	205	110	95	52,115	25,805	26,310
Interprovincial migrants	240	135	105	51,725	25,355	26,370
External migrants	245	115	130	73,395	35,870	37,525
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,175	535,050
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	290	150	140	149,010	77,165	71,850
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,390	1,130	1,260	907,215	444,015	463,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,160	1,065	1,095	737,750	364,645	373,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	75	40	65,615	35,580	30,040
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,050	995	1,055	672,130	329,065	343,070
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,180	535,055
No certificate, diploma or degree	260	130	135	134,565	68,700	65,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	645	335	310	273,135	137,495	135,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,780	825	960	648,530	314,980	333,550
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	820	380	440	271,085	134,270	136,810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135	105	30	62,155	45,900	16,255
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	20	20	22,795	12,780	10,015
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	95	85	10	39,360	33,125	6,235
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	570	225	340	172,905	73,135	99,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	120	45	75	36,020	15,235	20,790
Bachelor's degree or higher	960	445	515	377,450	180,710	196,740
Bachelor's degree	705	325	380	258,985	121,715	137,275
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	50	20	30	19,835	9,020	10,810
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	15	9,365	4,285	5,080
Master's degree	180	100	85	77,600	38,555	39,040
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	11,670	7,130	4,540
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,165	1,065	1,095	737,750	364,645	373,105
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	50	35	56,150	30,270	25,880
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	465	255	205	158,090	83,330	74,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,615	755	860	523,505	251,045	272,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	720	340	380	207,210	103,010	104,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	115	95	20	46,300	34,495	11,805
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	20	20	16,310	9,360	6,950
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	80	75	0	29,990	25,135	4,860
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	495	200	295	132,925	56,660	76,265
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	45	60	27,990	11,860	16,130
Bachelor's degree or higher	890	420	475	316,295	148,035	168,260
Bachelor's degree	650	305	345	215,545	99,580	115,960
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	50	15	35	15,980	7,050	8,925
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	0	10	8,070	3,480	4,595
Master's degree	175	95	80	67,610	32,685	34,925
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,100	5,240	3,855
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,690	1,285	1,405	1,056,230	521,180	535,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	905	465	445	407,695	206,200	201,495
Education	85	25	65	37,900	8,205	29,695
13. Education	85	25	65	37,900	8,205	29,695
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	20	25	20,300	8,295	12,000
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,095	1,585	515
50. Visual and performing arts	40	15	25	18,205	6,715	11,490
Humanities	70	20	50	29,295	10,450	18,845
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	3,420	660	2,760
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	6,610	1,750	4,860
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	15	10,070	3,555	6,515
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	455	155	300
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,925	1,050	875
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,775	1,575	1,200
54. History	0	0	0	3,320	1,570	1,750
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	720	130	585
Social and behavioural sciences and law	190	60	125	72,710	25,400	47,315
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	1,020	200	820
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	9,885	3,435	6,450
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	7,890	615	7,275
22. Legal professions and studies	20	0	20	13,435	4,770	8,665
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	1,430	480	945
42. Psychology	30	10	20	11,935	2,745	9,190
45. Social sciences	85	35	40	27,130	13,155	13,975
Business, management and public administration	470	200	265	151,340	66,070	85,275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	145	60	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	7,190	1,385	5,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	455	195	260	144,000	64,630	79,380
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	45	40	35,280	18,270	17,015
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	20	15	11,915	4,605	7,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	7,125	3,260	3,870
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	560	230	330
40. Physical sciences	35	20	15	14,385	9,680	4,705
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	1,295	495	800
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	90	50	32,775	21,555	11,215
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	90	45	27,025	18,865	8,165
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,385	170	1,210
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,675	2,070	1,610
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	685	455	230
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	315	260	50	141,165	119,620	21,550
04. Architecture and related services	25	10	10	5,715	3,555	2,165
14. Engineering	100	85	15	60,975	48,265	12,715
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	85	70	20	30,160	24,830	5,325
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10
46. Construction trades	50	40	0	20,365	19,740	625
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0	15,535	15,080	455
48. Precision production	30	30	0	8,400	8,145	260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	10	15	10,880	5,175	5,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	6,525	3,070	3,455
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	4,350	2,100	2,250
Health and related fields	275	55	225	91,710	19,495	72,215
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	25	10	15	7,380	3,540	3,845
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	240	40	200	81,445	14,515	66,930
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	150	55	95
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	2,740	1,395	1,350
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	40	45	24,990	12,345	12,645
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	40	10	35	16,005	5,380	10,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	105	90	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	125	105	20
43. Security and protective services	25	15	10	4,485	2,870	1,615
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	4,270	3,900	370
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	90	90
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,160	1,070	1,100	737,745	364,640	373,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	545	310	240	214,245	113,600	100,640
Education	80	20	55	27,425	5,745	21,680
13. Education	80	20	55	27,425	5,745	21,680
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	20	20	16,520	6,735	9,785
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,595	1,150	450
50. Visual and performing arts	35	15	20	14,920	5,580	9,335
Humanities	70	20	50	23,385	8,110	15,275
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	2,795	520	2,270
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	5,440	1,440	3,995
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	8,205	2,785	5,420
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	340	110	230
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,575	845	730
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,930	1,110	820
54. History	0	0	0	2,585	1,210	1,375
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	515	90	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	175	60	115	60,535	20,560	39,980
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	870	180	685
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	8,695	2,925	5,770
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	15	6,225	450	5,780
22. Legal professions and studies	20	0	20	11,170	3,705	7,465
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	1,180	385	795
42. Psychology	30	10	20	9,685	2,100	7,590
45. Social sciences	70	35	35	22,700	10,805	11,895
Business, management and public administration	420	175	240	124,905	53,865	71,040
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	105	45	60
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	5,835	1,070	4,765
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	415	175	240	118,970	52,750	66,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	35	40	27,230	13,335	13,895
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	15	9,575	3,600	5,975
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	5,600	2,495	3,105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	465	190	270
40. Physical sciences	30	20	10	10,735	6,710	4,020
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	860	335	525
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	85	45	28,300	18,680	9,610
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	85	40	24,085	16,720	7,360
25. Library science	0	0	0	900	120	780
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	2,765	1,500	1,265
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	555	350	205
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	290	235	50	113,170	94,000	19,170
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	10	4,610	2,700	1,910
14. Engineering	95	80	20	51,005	39,500	11,510
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	80	65	15	24,030	19,430	4,600
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10
46. Construction trades	50	40	10	15,725	15,190	535
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	11,690	11,295	400
48. Precision production	25	25	0	6,095	5,885	200
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	0	15	8,820	4,045	4,780
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	5,000	2,240	2,765
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	3,820	1,805	2,015
Health and related fields	245	50	200	73,600	16,045	57,555
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	25	10	15	5,910	2,840	3,070
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	210	35	175	65,330	12,095	53,230
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	130	45	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	2,240	1,065	1,180
Personal, protective and transportation services	65	35	30	19,480	9,855	9,625
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	10	20	12,230	4,210	8,020
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	80	70	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	50	45	0
43. Security and protective services	30	15	10	3,695	2,380	1,315
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	3,425	3,150	275
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	70	70
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,160	1,070	1,100	737,745	364,640	373,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	545	310	240	214,245	113,600	100,640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,615	760	855	523,510	251,045	272,465
Location of study inside Canada	1,000	480	515	372,000	180,455	191,540
Same as province or territory of residence	730	335	390	267,640	128,510	139,130
Different than province or territory of residence	265	145	125	104,355	51,950	52,410
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	615	280	340	151,510	70,585	80,925
Americas	75	30	45	24,755	12,395	12,360
United States of America	25	10	10	14,510	7,920	6,590
Mexico	0	0	0	2,085	930	1,160
Cuba	0	0	0	235	135	95
Haiti	0	0	0	75	45	30
Jamaica	0	0	0	400	175	230
Brazil	0	0	0	1,555	665	890
Colombia	20	0	15	2,015	880	1,140
Peru	0	0	0	365	140	225
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	20	10	1,780	745	1,035
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,735	760	970
Europe	110	55	55	25,250	13,170	12,080
Belgium	0	0	0	170	100	70
France	0	0	0	1,155	600	555
Germany	0	0	0	925	515	405
Netherlands	0	0	0	600	315	285
Switzerland	0	0	0	280	150	130
Hungary	0	0	0	330	165	165
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	570	270	300
Poland	10	0	10	1,375	540	835
Romania	15	0	0	1,725	935	795
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,065	890	1,170
Ukraine	10	10	0	1,465	680	785
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	855	520	335
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	35	20	9,355	5,195	4,155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	280	145	130
Italy	0	0	0	315	170	140
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	360	180	180
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,635
Africa	80	40	45	12,240	6,200	6,040
Nigeria	65	30	35	4,635	2,225	2,415
Algeria	0	0	0	330	170	160
Morocco	0	0	0	380	205	175
Tunisia	0	0	0	180	110	70
Egypt	15	0	10	1,610	825	785
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,315	665	655
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	3,795	2,005	1,790
Asia	340	155	190	86,450	37,320	49,140
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,105	980	1,120
Iraq	0	0	0	895	440	455
Israel	0	0	0	385	210	175
Lebanon	0	0	0	590	275	315
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	730	375	355
Turkey	0	0	0	385	235	155
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,965	4,890	6,075
Taiwan	0	0	0	565	140	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	790	310	485
Japan	0	0	0	995	270	720
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	3,715	1,535	2,175
Philippines	210	100	110	28,045	11,105	16,945
Viet Nam	0	0	0	810	315	495
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,360	510	845
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	455	235	220
India	70	30	40	23,485	11,025	12,455
Pakistan	30	10	15	6,015	2,670	3,345
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	10	4,170	1,795	2,375
Oceania	10	0	0	2,815	1,510	1,305
Australia	0	0	0	2,225	1,200	1,025
New Zealand	0	0	0	480	255	230
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	105	55	45
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,685	1,285	1,400	1,056,230	521,180	535,055
In the labour force	2,125	1,055	1,070	730,055	382,305	347,750
Employed	1,900	945	955	638,645	335,655	302,995
Unemployed	225	105	120	91,405	46,650	44,755
Not in the labour force	560	230	325	326,175	138,875	187,310
Participation rate	79.1	82.1	76.4	69.1	73.4	65.0
Employment rate	70.8	73.5	68.2	60.5	64.4	56.6
Unemployment rate	10.6	10.0	11.2	12.5	12.2	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,690	1,285	1,405	1,056,230	521,180	535,055
Did not work¹⁸⁶	620	250	370	350,820	153,180	197,640
Worked	2,065	1,040	1,030	705,410	367,995	337,415
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,190	625	565	370,495	210,090	160,405
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	875	410	465	334,920	157,910	177,010
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.8	40.6	40.6	41.4	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,130	1,050	1,075	730,050	382,305	347,745
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	20	25,210	12,180	13,025
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,095	1,040	1,055	704,840	370,120	334,720
Employee	1,900	935	965	596,075	303,490	292,590
Permanent position	1,640	850	790	498,865	258,105	240,765
Temporary position	265	85	175	97,210	45,385	51,825
Fixed term (1 year or more)	80	25	55	33,010	14,890	18,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	180	60	120	64,200	30,500	33,700
Self-employed¹⁹²	190	105	90	108,770	66,635	42,130
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,130	1,050	1,075	730,050	382,305	347,745
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	20	25,210	12,180	13,025
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,095	1,040	1,055	704,840	370,120	334,720
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	0	0	8,910	6,645	2,265
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530	190	340	135,315	46,270	89,040
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	215	175	35	83,405	63,705	19,695
3 Health occupations	220	45	175	58,670	11,985	46,685
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	200	60	145	77,125	25,355	51,770
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	0	25	20,330	9,105	11,230
6 Sales and service occupations	460	200	260	175,295	80,580	94,715
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	345	305	45	115,655	103,615	12,040
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	15	10	10,185	8,205	1,980
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	55	45	15	19,960	14,655	5,300
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,130	1,050	1,075	730,050	382,305	347,745
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	20	25,210	12,180	13,025
All industries¹⁹¹	2,095	1,040	1,055	704,840	370,120	334,720
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	2,635	1,590	1,050
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	65	35	32,410	20,860	11,545
22 Utilities	10	10	0	8,485	5,525	2,960
23 Construction	205	170	40	58,805	49,750	9,055
31-33 Manufacturing	130	90	40	33,130	24,105	9,030
41 Wholesale trade	80	60	20	22,295	15,400	6,895
44-45 Retail trade	220	105	110	80,115	38,770	41,340
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	90	60	25	46,840	34,225	12,610
51 Information and cultural industries	50	35	15	12,790	7,585	5,205
52 Finance and insurance	125	50	75	26,450	12,325	14,125
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45	20	25	14,175	7,965	6,215
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	240	135	105	83,970	48,655	35,310
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,240	995	1,250
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	100	30	65	31,495	17,855	13,640
61 Educational services	115	30	85	46,695	14,690	32,005
62 Health care and social assistance	305	50	250	90,910	18,065	72,845
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	15	14,470	7,345	7,125
72 Accommodation and food services	95	35	55	42,785	19,585	23,200
81 Other services (except public administration)	100	30	65	29,975	12,560	17,415
91 Public administration	60	40	20	24,185	12,265	11,920
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,215	1,080	1,135	764,085	398,215	365,870
English	2,060	1,010	1,050	720,920	377,180	343,730
French	0	0	0	1,020	295	725
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,605	3,350	3,255
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,600	3,350	3,250
English and French	25	0	25	6,415	2,620	3,795
English and non-official language(s)	115	65	45	27,865	14,130	13,730
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	665	305	370
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	570	320	250
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,215	1,080	1,135	764,085	398,215	365,870
Single responses	2,195	1,065	1,125	757,765	394,970	362,795
Official languages	2,180	1,060	1,115	745,365	388,565	356,810
English	2,170	1,060	1,110	743,325	387,970	355,360
French	0	0	0	2,040	595	1,445
Non-official languages	15	0	10	12,400	6,410	5,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	12,390	6,410	5,980
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	450	245	205
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	430	235	195
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10
Arabic	0	0	0	315	165	150
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	800	305	490
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	780	295	485
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	535	275	260
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	480	245	235
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	4,915	2,660	2,260
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	425	175	250
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	425	175	250
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	130	50	80
Russian	0	0	0	175	75	100
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	95	50	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
German	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,090	1,860	1,225
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	2,955	1,810	1,140
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	70	35	30
Hindi	0	0	0	110	60	45
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,505	1,605	900
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,285	565	720
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	75	50	30
Romanian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Spanish	0	0	0	1,150	475	670
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75
Korean	0	0	0	775	435	345
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,560	2,355	2,205
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,540	2,340	2,200
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,910	975	935
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,595	1,340	1,250
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	35	0	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	15	0	6,320	3,245	3,075
English and French	0	0	0	805	365	435
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	5,280	2,770	2,515
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	75	30	50
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,215	1,080	1,135	764,085	398,215	365,870
None	2,085	1,020	1,060	734,060	383,675	350,390
English	15	0	10	5,720	2,795	2,930
French	20	0	15	4,720	2,005	2,720
Non-official language	80	40	40	16,030	8,000	8,030
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	40	50
Non-Indigenous	80	40	40	15,945	7,965	7,980
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	640	305	330
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	440	215	225
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,460	1,210	1,250
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,900	945	960	638,645	335,655	302,990
Worked at home	470	215	255	182,015	89,915	92,100
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,460	1,800	660
No fixed workplace address	260	180	75	89,650	66,145	23,505
Usual place of work	1,170	545	625	364,515	177,790	186,730
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,170	545	625	364,520	177,790	186,730
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,050	480	570	332,545	158,240	174,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	80	45	35	22,900	13,305	9,595
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	20	10	5,875	4,210	1,665
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0	3,200	2,035	1,165
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,430	725	705	454,170	243,935	210,235
Car, truck or van	1,245	660	585	378,085	208,085	169,995
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,160	645	515	350,765	198,775	151,990
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	90	20	75	27,315	9,310	18,005
Public transit	75	20	55	39,905	17,255	22,645
Walked	35	0	30	19,195	8,805	10,390
Bicycle	10	10	0	3,955	2,970	985
Other method	65	30	35	13,035	6,820	6,215
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,430	725	705	454,170	243,935	210,235
Less than 15 minutes	210	85	125	97,610	44,795	52,810
15 to 29 minutes	700	345	355	213,150	115,080	98,070
30 to 44 minutes	370	220	145	99,695	58,885	40,805
45 to 59 minutes	80	40	45	20,845	11,730	9,110
60 minutes and over	65	40	25	22,870	13,440	9,430
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,430	725	705	454,170	243,935	210,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	110	85	25	28,655	20,330	8,325
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	285	165	110	79,585	49,005	30,585
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	460	220	235	116,785	61,460	55,320
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	220	90	135	86,045	42,180	43,860
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	140	70	70	67,250	30,565	36,680
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	220	95	120	75,850	40,390	35,455
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	820	400	420	285,180	146,410	138,775
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	20,385	10,340	10,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	755	370	390	264,795	136,070	128,725
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	465	230	235	205,680	105,675	100,005
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	15	15,120	7,690	7,430
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	15	10	7,850	3,820	4,030
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	5	10	7,275	3,870	3,400
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	430	210	220	190,560	97,990	92,580

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 28, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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