Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	48061169More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062048More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	291	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	1,144	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	103	...	...	638,160	...	...	470	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	97	...	...	604,628	...	...	453	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,518.7	...	...	126.1	...	...	1,199.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	0.95	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	290	140	150	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	1,145	515	630
0 to 14 years	45	15	30	294,075	151,285	142,785	175	90	85
0 to 4 years	20	5	15	89,790	46,155	43,630	50	20	25
5 to 9 years	15	5	5	100,905	51,680	49,225	70	35	35
10 to 14 years	10	5	10	103,380	53,450	49,930	60	35	30
15 to 64 years	210	105	105	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	575	270	305
15 to 19 years	15	5	5	92,025	47,355	44,675	50	25	20
20 to 24 years	30	15	10	91,515	47,260	44,260	50	30	25
25 to 29 years	10	5	10	101,235	50,320	50,915	65	20	40
30 to 34 years	15	5	10	123,235	60,255	62,980	70	30	35
35 to 39 years	25	15	15	132,045	64,950	67,095	50	20	30
40 to 44 years	30	20	10	121,735	60,110	61,625	80	40	35
45 to 49 years	20	5	15	111,345	55,485	55,860	55	25	35
50 to 54 years	20	15	10	103,325	51,835	51,490	55	25	25
55 to 59 years	25	15	15	101,580	50,260	51,320	60	35	20
60 to 64 years	20	10	15	96,735	47,710	49,020	40	10	30
65 years and over	30	15	15	221,795	103,495	118,300	395	155	245
65 to 69 years	10	5	5	78,095	38,250	39,845	65	25	45
70 to 74 years	5	0	0	58,785	28,310	30,475	70	35	35
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	60	25	40
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	75	35	35
85 years and over	5	5	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	125	35	90
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	65	20	40
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	40	15	30
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	20	0	15
100 years and over	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	10.7	20.0	18.5	19.1	17.8	15.3	17.5	13.5
15 to 64 years	72.4	75.0	70.0	67.6	67.8	67.4	50.2	52.4	48.4
65 years and over	10.3	10.7	10.0	13.9	13.1	14.8	34.5	30.1	38.9
85 years and over	1.7	3.6	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	10.9	6.8	14.3
Average age of the population	40.2	40.4	39.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	49.0	45.7	51.6
Median age of the population	41.6	41.6	41.2	38.4	38.0	39.2	48.4	44.0	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	95	...	...	604,630	...	...	450	...	...
Single-detached house	15	...	...	351,925	...	...	75	...	...
Semi-detached house	45	...	...	39,065	...	...	55	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	57,180	...	...	140	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	21,855	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	89,225	...	...	135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	455	...	...
1 person	15	...	...	151,770	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	30	...	...	196,980	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	96,165	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	97,780	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	61,930	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	290	135	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	980	460	525
Average household size	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	245	120	125	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	970	425	545
Married or living common-law	135	70	65	773,480	387,015	386,465	490	250	245
Married	105	55	55	657,160	328,650	328,510	385	200	190
Living common-law	25	10	10	116,320	58,365	57,960	105	50	55
Living common law - Never married	25	15	10	87,265	43,935	43,330	70	30	40
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	5	5	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	25	15	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	115	55	55	523,090	252,020	271,065	480	175	305
Not married and not living common law - Never married	75	45	35	364,145	197,890	166,255	170	90	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	35	15	25
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	15	79,920	30,945	48,970	85	25	55
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	185	40	140
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	70	...	...	438,900	...	...	290	...	...
2 persons	30	...	...	204,395	...	...	165	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	94,815	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	97,660	...	...	55	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	42,025	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	438,900	...	...	285	...	...
Total couple families	65	...	...	377,050	...	...	230	...	...
Married couples	50	...	...	318,890	...	...	180	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	190,345	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	128,545	...	...	95	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	19,165	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	30	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	61,850	...	...	55	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	47,785	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	14,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	290	135	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	980	455	525
Total - Persons in census families	225	105	115	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	785	380	405
Married spouses or common-law partners	130	65	65	754,090	377,085	377,010	465	230	235
Parents in one-parent families	10	5	10	61,855	14,065	47,790	60	10	50
Children⁶	80	40	45	492,710	260,395	232,315	270	140	125
In a two-parent family	65	30	35	396,580	208,580	188,000	185	90	95
In a one-parent family	20	5	10	96,130	51,815	44,315	80	50	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	35	35	263,280	130,670	132,615	195	80	120
Living alone	15	5	10	151,765	71,605	80,165	160	60	100
Living with other relatives⁷	10	10	5	40,060	17,085	22,975	20	10	10
Living with non-relatives only	40	20	20	71,460	41,975	29,480	20	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	455	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	50	...	...	375,185	...	...	265	...	...
Couple-family households	45	...	...	328,515	...	...	220	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	182,665	...	...	100	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	145,845	...	...	120	...	...
One-parent-family households	5	...	...	46,670	...	...	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	20,165	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...	4,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	22,485	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	30,295	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	15	...	...	151,765	...	...	160	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	245	125	125	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	805	370	440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	230	110	120	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	780	350	425
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,000	32,800	44,800	52,400	39,200	40,000	47,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	230	110	120	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	780	350	425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,200	31,600	40,400	46,000	36,000	37,200	42,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	190	95	95	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	695	320	375
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,600	25,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	31,400	41,600	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	80	85	922,195	474,800	447,395	515	250	265
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	39,600	30,400	42,400	50,800	34,800	39,200	50,400	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	100	110	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	710	320	390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,100	13,000	7,600	5,600	9,100	13,400	10,500	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	20	136,975	64,415	72,555	90	40	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,280	6,550	5,800	5,760	5,880	4,600	5,480	3,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	35	40	384,535	184,820	199,710	230	95	130
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,000	11,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	220	125	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	805	380	425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	105	90	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	790	370	420
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	45,000	43,000	65,500	78,400	52,850	48,200	56,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	105	90	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	790	370	420
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	39,000	38,000	53,050	61,750	44,560	42,000	48,000	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	95	75	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	735	365	370
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	38,500	35,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	39,900	48,400	31,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	165	95	75	922,200	475,075	447,125	560	275	285
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,500	31,000	60,800	73,200	47,640	46,200	56,800	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180	90	85	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	700	325	375
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	10,200	16,000	10,020	8,930	11,050	12,360	10,400	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	0	15	136,685	64,550	72,135	90	40	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	...	14,000	7,070	6,620	7,480	6,800	7,200	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85	45	40	383,100	184,610	198,485	220	95	120
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,600	10,000	9,270	9,160	9,380	8,100	6,900	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	220	125	95	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	805	380	425
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	85	50	35	432,255	245,295	186,965	275	150	120
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	59,200	46,400	73,000	80,000	65,000	56,000	63,200	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	58,000	48,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	60,800	69,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60	25	35	374,345	173,060	201,290	230	105	125
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	x	x	20,400	23,400	18,400	25,200	56,800	22,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,200	18,000	13,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	33,600	44,000	24,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.0	80.0	64.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	77.2	84.0	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	78.0	56.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	68.0	76.0	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.8	20.0	35.0	13.4	9.8	18.5	22.7	16.2	30.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.2	x	6.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.4	10.0	11.0	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.5	3.7	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.6	9.0	10.0	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.6	3.1	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	245	120	125	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	810	370	440
Without total income	20	10	5	63,430	30,900	32,525	30	15	15
With total income	230	110	115	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	775	355	425
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	5	15	107,500	44,415	63,085	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	30	20	15	115,465	47,780	67,690	70	20	45
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	25	178,230	78,800	99,430	155	65	85
$30,000 to $39,999	35	20	20	142,910	61,170	81,740	115	40	75
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	10	122,655	55,960	66,690	95	40	55
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	101,530	48,280	53,245	90	35	55
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	5	85,080	42,725	42,355	55	30	25
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	50	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	53,900	30,515	23,385	30	25	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	25	15	5
$100,000 and over	5	5	5	193,625	128,165	65,460	50	35	15
$100,000 to $149,999	5	0	5	113,250	69,295	43,955	30	25	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	245	120	125	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	810	370	440
Without after-tax income	20	10	5	62,710	30,505	32,210	30	15	15
With after-tax income	230	110	115	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	775	355	425
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	5	15	112,205	46,185	66,020	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	15	120,545	50,115	70,430	75	25	50
$20,000 to $29,999	50	20	30	201,940	89,680	112,255	165	75	90
$30,000 to $39,999	40	20	20	166,565	73,405	93,160	140	50	90
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	20	143,135	67,430	75,705	130	55	70
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	114,565	57,190	57,380	70	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	5	87,375	47,045	40,330	60	35	20
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	65,115	36,810	28,305	45	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	51,690	28,935	22,760	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	20	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	10	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	245	120	125	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	810	370	440
Without employment income	80	40	40	356,175	156,380	199,795	295	120	175
With employment income	170	85	80	922,200	474,800	447,395	515	250	270
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20	5	15	116,020	54,130	61,895	55	20	35
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	5	73,350	31,190	42,165	45	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	25	15	15	101,970	44,705	57,260	60	25	40
$20,000 to $29,999	15	5	10	78,390	35,640	42,745	50	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	5	73,695	34,455	39,235	50	15	35
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	10	71,335	34,515	36,815	50	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	67,050	32,805	34,245	60	20	35
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	0	60,120	30,900	29,220	30	25	5
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	49,420	27,665	21,750	40	25	15
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	30	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	153,280	104,755	48,525	40	25	10
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	20	10	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	25	15	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	245	125	125	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	805	370	440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	225	115	115	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	765	345	415
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200	33,600	44,400	53,200	37,600	38,800	46,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	225	115	115	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	765	345	420
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,600	30,600	40,000	46,400	34,400	36,000	42,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	195	95	90	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	695	315	375
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200	32,000	43,600	52,800	35,600	34,000	43,200	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	170	85	85	923,490	475,205	448,285	520	250	270
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,600	35,600	44,800	53,600	37,600	40,400	48,800	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	200	95	100	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	685	305	380
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,300	1,420	3,840	1,190	960	3,040	7,550	1,820	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	85,480	38,765	46,720	60	30	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200	4,760	3,960	7,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	220	125	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	805	380	425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	115	90	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	765	360	410
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	39,000	39,000	65,500	80,000	51,400	44,200	53,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	115	90	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	765	360	410
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	33,500	34,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	39,000	46,200	32,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	165	90	70	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	730	350	380
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	42,000	39,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	38,400	48,000	29,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	155	85	70	923,490	475,385	448,110	555	280	270
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	44,000	39,000	64,100	77,600	49,760	44,800	53,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	180	110	75	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	700	320	380
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	4,700	8,000	6,130	5,076	7,130	8,660	7,900	9,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545	70	45	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080	7,200	6,400	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	220	125	95	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	805	380	425
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	80	50	30	428,265	243,165	185,105	275	150	120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	57,200	x	70,500	78,500	62,000	48,400	52,400	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	54,000	56,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	54,400	63,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60	25	35	353,070	163,500	189,570	200	95	110
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	x	x	28,800	33,200	25,600	34,000	43,600	25,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	26,000	28,000	43,720	53,050	35,720	39,600	50,000	30,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	88.0	85.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	82.4	87.0	76.0
Employment income (%)	84.0	84.0	85.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	73.0	78.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	11.2	17.0	7.9	5.3	11.9	17.8	13.0	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.5	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	455	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	87,000	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15	...	...	151,765	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	50,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	44,000	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	80	...	...	452,860	...	...	290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	151,830	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	67,800	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	55,250	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	452,795	...	...	300	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	455	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	36,405	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	37,740	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	37,230	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	35,705	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	34,355	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	303,255	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	74,975	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	58,215	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	76,310	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	93,755	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	455	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	19,345	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	21,155	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	44,695	...	...	45	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	45,520	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	44,095	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	42,705	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	38,715	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	251,600	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	78,970	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,565	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	116,060	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	75	...	...	431,155	...	...	290	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	151,045	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	209,715	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	56,700	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	55	25	30	223,225	113,580	109,645	180	70	110
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	33,600	30,600	44,400	46,000	43,200	38,400	46,400	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	33,200	28,800	40,000	40,800	38,800	35,600	42,000	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	80	...	...	431,010	...	...	295	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	151,205	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	209,670	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	56,445	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	90,200	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	25	15	223,320	113,715	109,605	155	60	95
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	x	x	60,050	61,950	58,050	51,000	58,000	46,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	x	x	49,640	50,640	48,560	45,000	50,000	42,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	290	140	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	980	460	520
0 to 17 years	55	25	30	349,785	179,925	169,860	195	105	95
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	109,785	56,290	53,495	60	25	30
18 to 64 years	200	100	105	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	540	250	290
65 years and over	30	15	15	209,135	99,390	109,740	240	105	140
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	25	10	15	134,160	64,550	69,610	90	35	55
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	35,370	18,260	17,110	20	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	15	5	10	78,110	37,880	40,225	40	20	25
65 years and over	0	0	0	20,680	8,400	12,270	25	10	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.0	10.0	8.5	8.3	8.8	9.2	8.0	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1	10.0	10.0	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	6.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.0	10.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	8.0	7.0	8.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	12.0	8.0	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	290	135	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	980	455	525
0 to 17 years	55	25	30	349,790	179,930	169,855	200	100	95
0 to 5 years	25	5	15	109,785	56,290	53,500	60	30	30
18 to 64 years	205	100	105	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	540	255	285
65 years and over	35	20	20	209,130	99,390	109,740	245	105	140
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25	15	15	81,680	42,310	39,370	15	10	5
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	18,085	9,305	8,780	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	57,155	29,990	27,170	15	5	5
65 years and over	5	5	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.0	9.0	8.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	1.6	1.6	1.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	8.0	10.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	2.4	2.5	2.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	290	140	150	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	980	460	520
In bottom half of the distribution	195	90	100	673,690	328,825	344,865	595	255	335
In bottom decile	35	15	15	124,250	62,485	61,770	65	30	35
In second decile	35	15	20	132,700	62,320	70,380	150	60	90
In third decile	35	20	20	133,855	64,900	68,960	130	55	75
In fourth decile	45	25	20	138,980	68,120	70,855	125	60	70
In fifth decile	40	20	20	143,905	71,000	72,900	120	55	60
In top half of the distribution	100	45	55	898,245	453,385	444,865	385	200	190
In sixth decile	45	20	25	150,845	75,135	75,710	90	45	50
In seventh decile	20	10	10	155,985	78,075	77,910	105	55	50
In eighth decile	15	10	5	164,975	82,995	81,980	65	45	25
In ninth decile	15	10	10	181,315	91,520	89,795	70	40	35
In top decile	0	0	0	245,130	125,660	119,470	50	25	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	290	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	980	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.279	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.288	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.245	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	290	140	155	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,145	510	630
English only	265	120	140	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	1,090	495	595
French only	0	0	0	980	425	555	0	0	0
English and French	10	5	5	103,090	47,140	55,945	50	20	30
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	34,235	13,810	20,420	5	5	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	290	140	155	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,145	510	630
English	270	130	145	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	1,125	500	620
French	5	5	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	15	5	5
English and French	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	33,340	13,355	19,985	5	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	290	140	155	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,145	510	630
Single responses	280	135	145	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	1,125	500	625
Official languages	135	55	75	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	990	445	545
English	130	55	70	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	970	435	535
French	5	5	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	15	5	5
Non-official languages	150	75	75	415,050	198,790	216,260	140	60	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	75	70	414,405	198,525	215,885	140	60	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	35,495	18,255	17,240	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	32,085	16,545	15,535	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	0	5	0	21,355	11,215	10,145	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	480	240	240	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	14,785	6,645	8,140	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	13,810	6,185	7,625	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	35	45	55,755	24,650	31,110	60	25	40
Bikol	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	970	415	555	5	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	2,010	900	1,115	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	700	280	420	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	35	45,300	20,005	25,290	55	25	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	605	300	310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	10	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	10	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	5	5	203,750	100,055	103,695	55	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	275	135	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	490	225	260	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	305	145	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	7,595	3,540	4,050	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	895	435	460	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	5	5	5
German	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	5	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	20	5	5	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	90	115	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	106,625	53,665	52,955	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305	15	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420	10	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	45,970	22,265	23,700	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	775	400	375	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	68,720	31,925	36,790	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	67,430	31,300	36,130	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	32,755	15,315	17,435	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	5	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	460	220	245	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	740	205	535	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	73,050	35,515	37,535	15	5	5
English and French	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	58,650	28,715	29,930	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	290	140	155	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,145	510	630
English	140	60	75	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	990	445	545
French	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	5	5	5
Non-official language	60	30	35	127,600	60,835	66,760	60	25	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	30	35	127,540	60,810	66,730	60	25	40
English and French	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	306,635	148,985	157,650	65	30	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	12,395	5,820	6,575	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	290	140	155	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	1,145	510	630
Single responses	275	130	140	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	1,120	500	620
Official languages	165	75	90	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	1,030	460	570
English	165	75	90	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	1,020	460	565
French	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	5	5	5
Non-official languages	110	60	50	259,415	125,675	133,740	95	35	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	60	50	259,295	125,620	133,675	95	35	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	245	125	125	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	9,940	4,535	5,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	9,395	4,280	5,110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	30	30	35,275	16,595	18,675	45	20	30
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	240	265	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	29,630	13,885	15,750	45	15	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	10	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	10	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	5	0	122,940	60,715	62,220	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	380	180	195	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	715	335	375	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	980	470	515	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	635	305	330	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245	5	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	555	270	285	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100	20	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215	20	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	47,945	22,570	25,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	47,025	22,110	24,915	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	21,815	10,130	11,685	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	500	230	270	5	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	205	100	105	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	10	75,555	36,865	38,685	25	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	69,995	34,230	35,770	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	290	135	150	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	1,145	515	635
None	215	95	120	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	1,085	485	595
English	30	15	10	104,745	51,660	53,085	20	10	10
French	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	10	5	5
Non-official language	35	20	20	127,610	60,685	66,920	30	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	20	126,970	60,410	66,565	30	10	15
English and French	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	16,885	8,395	8,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	305	175	130	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,010	505	500
Official languages	285	160	125	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	995	505	495
English	285	160	125	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	995	505	495
French	0	0	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	35	10	25
Non-official languages	190	115	75	562,910	270,945	291,960	235	120	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	115	75	561,340	270,320	291,010	235	120	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	30	15	20,885	9,635	11,250	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	30	15	19,415	8,900	10,515	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	55	55	76,815	33,930	42,890	145	65	80
Bikol	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	15	25	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	55	55	72,900	32,140	40,755	145	65	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0	286,570	140,880	145,685	35	25	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	15	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	15	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	10	10	0
German	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425	25	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370	15	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	30	20	10
Lao	0	0	0	685	350	330	30	15	10
Thai	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	305	175	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,010	510	500
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	20	0	20
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	20	0	20
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	305	175	130	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	985	510	480
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	305	175	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,010	510	500
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	305	175	135	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	1,010	510	500
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	431,680	...	...	245	...	...
Renter	40	...	...	172,945	...	...	190	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	250	...	...
Not condominium	100	...	...	466,125	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	65	...	...
2 bedrooms	35	...	...	132,670	...	...	150	...	...
3 bedrooms	30	...	...	208,570	...	...	170	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	196,735	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	40	...	...	168,320	...	...	160	...	...
5 rooms	0	...	...	92,700	...	...	90	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	85,005	...	...	85	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	74,790	...	...	45	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	183,815	...	...	60	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	6.3	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
One person or fewer per room	90	...	...	587,240	...	...	425	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	17,390	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
Suitable	100	...	...	576,220	...	...	430	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	28,410	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	85	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	67,920	...	...	85	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	93,515	...	...	80	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	63,060	...	...	125	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	50	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	85	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	100	...	...	578,295	...	...	435	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
One-maintainer household	35	...	...	286,505	...	...	225	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45	...	...	282,890	...	...	195	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	35,230	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	95,360	...	...	75	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	132,875	...	...	90	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	121,200	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	15	...	...	114,325	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	0	...	...	78,705	...	...	90	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	40	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	95	...	...	599,605	...	...	445	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	80	...	...	466,085	...	...	330	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	133,520	...	...	110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	0	...	...	119,800	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	100	...	...	604,630	...	...	440	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	174,520	...	...	130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20	...	...	121,340	...	...	110	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	22,225	...	...	15	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	75	...	...	430,110	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	95	...	...	585,885	...	...	435	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	55,440	...	...	60	...	...
Not in core need	85	...	...	530,445	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	429,490	...	...	250	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	65.7	...	...	72.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,792	...	...	1,490	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	286,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	270,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	280,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	172,840	...	...	190	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	13.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	34.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	310	170	135	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	1,005	505	500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	60	25	35
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	60	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	45	25	25
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	300	170	125	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	950	485	465
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	305	170	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,005	505	500
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	225	135	95	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	825	435	395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	80	50	35	325,765	167,940	157,820	195	120	75
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	140	80	60	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	635	310	320
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	80	40	40	174,615	83,940	90,680	180	75	105
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	305	170	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,005	505	500
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	140	75	65	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	745	400	340
Immigrants⁸¹	150	90	65	473,580	227,640	245,935	250	100	150
Before 1980	0	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	20	0	15
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	67,220	32,280	34,935	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	35	25	15	127,170	61,140	66,030	40	20	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	95	55	40	177,465	84,835	92,630	170	80	95
2011 to 2015	75	45	25	89,810	43,015	46,795	25	10	20
2016 to 2021	20	10	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	145	70	75
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470	10	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	155	85	65	473,580	227,640	245,935	250	100	145
Under 5 years	10	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220	15	0	15
5 to 14 years	25	10	15	79,795	41,370	38,425	30	15	15
15 to 24 years	20	10	10	82,830	37,905	44,930	45	25	20
25 to 44 years	75	45	35	223,080	105,885	117,190	130	55	75
45 years and over	20	15	0	46,670	21,495	25,170	30	10	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	155	85	65	473,580	227,640	245,935	250	100	145
Americas	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	25	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	83,855	41,815	42,040	25	0	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	0	0	0
Asia	130	70	60	279,930	132,545	147,390	185	90	95
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	0	0	0
Philippines	90	45	50	71,315	31,605	39,715	140	65	75
Viet Nam	30	20	10	16,350	7,325	9,030	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850	15	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	25	10	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	10	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	140	70	75
Americas	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	20	0	15	55,100	25,850	29,250	130	65	65
Afghanistan	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	110	55	55
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	305	175	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,010	510	500
First generation¹⁰⁰	165	95	70	518,345	251,010	267,335	265	105	160
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	25	20	329,675	166,505	163,165	145	100	45
Third generation or more¹⁰²	95	50	40	723,920	364,750	359,170	595	305	290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	150	85	65	416,830	200,210	216,615	230	100	130
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	90	40	50	235,880	118,150	117,730	150	75	75
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	15	20	95,815	58,035	37,780	75	45	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	55	30	30	140,065	60,120	79,950	75	35	45
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	25	10	117,720	48,395	69,330	75	25	55
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	20	0	58,995	31,595	27,395	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	150	85	65	416,830	200,210	216,615	230	100	130
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	20	15	53,180	23,440	29,750	85	40	45
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	25	10	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	110	65	50	313,060	149,760	163,300	125	45	75
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	305	175	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	1,010	510	500
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	200	105	95	575,650	282,735	292,910	260	120	140
South Asian	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955	20	10	10
Chinese	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800	20	0	15
Filipino	135	70	70	92,235	42,365	49,880	180	85	95
Arab	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	55	30	20	28,720	13,405	15,310	25	15	10
West Asian	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	110	70	40	996,285	499,530	496,755	745	380	360
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	305	170	130	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,005	505	500
Canadian	40	25	15	168,075	87,325	80,750	90	45	45
English	0	0	0	276,300	136,835	139,465	285	130	155
Irish	35	25	10	202,260	98,040	104,225	245	130	115
Scottish	10	0	0	235,385	115,820	119,575	180	90	90
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	70	30	35
German	20	10	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	165	80	85
Chinese	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	25	10	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355	20	10	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	60	35	25
Dutch	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	20	0	15
Polish	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790	20	0	20
Québécois	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	15	0	0
Filipino	110	55	60	86,850	40,140	46,710	175	85	90
French Canadian	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	60	30	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	35	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	35	15	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	40	30	10
Spanish	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	50	20	25
Acadian	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	30	20	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	15	10	0
Korean	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	30	25	0
Danish	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	20	10	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	20	0	15
Sikh	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	30	20	10
Finnish	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	10	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	15	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	650	375	275	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	30	15	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	660	370	290	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	990	465	525	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	775	345	430	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	305	175	135	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	1,010	510	500
Buddhist	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470	30	20	10
Christian	165	80	80	713,465	336,705	376,760	545	270	280
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	153,665	73,675	79,985	100	65	35
Anabaptist	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	30	10	15
Baptist	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	15	0	10
Catholic	130	60	75	312,410	149,290	163,120	250	120	125
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	10	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	20	10	10
Presbyterian	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	80	35	45
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	25	15	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	0	0	0
Muslim	10	10	0	101,285	51,675	49,610	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	15	0	15
No religion and secular perspectives	110	60	45	623,560	328,795	294,765	395	205	190
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	300	170	130	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	1,000	500	500
Non-movers	260	145	115	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	805	395	415
Movers	40	25	20	209,550	104,275	105,275	190	105	85
Non-migrants	20	10	10	147,415	73,505	73,910	110	65	50
Migrants	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	80	45	35
Internal migrants	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	80	45	35
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	60	35	25
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	20	0	10
External migrants	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	265	155	110	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	950	475	475
Non-movers	170	100	70	863,155	429,060	434,095	355	165	190
Movers	95	55	40	619,175	307,300	311,880	590	310	280
Non-migrants	75	35	35	363,260	181,560	181,700	190	100	90
Migrants	0	0	0	255,920	125,740	130,180	405	210	190
Internal migrants	0	0	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	320	175	145
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	205	105	100
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	120	70	50
External migrants	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180	80	35	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	220	125	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	805	380	425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	40	20	182,850	95,955	86,895	125	70	60
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	160	90	75	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	675	315	365
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	190	100	85	886,650	437,700	448,950	490	220	270
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	20	20	79,025	43,715	35,310	45	20	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	145	80	70	807,620	393,985	413,640	445	195	250
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225	125	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	805	380	425
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	35	25	163,710	84,360	79,350	105	60	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	35	35	339,400	169,445	169,950	255	135	125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	95	60	40	775,265	377,350	397,915	445	185	255
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	45	25	348,595	174,345	174,250	310	135	175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	25	0	84,805	63,760	21,050	95	55	45
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	50	15	30
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	50	40	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20	0	15	221,065	92,585	128,480	170	60	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	15	10	42,725	18,000	24,720	45	20	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	35	20	15	426,670	203,005	223,660	130	50	80
Bachelor's degree	25	15	15	294,610	137,240	157,375	115	40	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	86,005	42,875	43,130	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	185	100	90	886,650	437,700	448,950	485	220	270
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	66,625	36,450	30,175	35	20	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	35	30	197,715	102,665	95,045	120	65	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85	50	40	622,315	298,585	323,730	330	130	200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55	35	25	266,590	133,640	132,950	205	85	120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	63,270	48,090	15,175	60	30	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	35	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	25	15	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15	0	10	170,270	71,565	98,700	110	35	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	10	33,050	13,985	19,070	35	20	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	30	10	20	355,720	164,940	190,775	125	45	80
Bachelor's degree	20	10	10	244,340	111,530	132,810	110	35	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	74,335	35,965	38,370	10	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	225	130	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	805	380	425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125	65	60	503,110	253,805	249,305	360	195	165
Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	25	15	10
13. Education	0	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	25	15	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	830	165	665	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	83,860	28,790	55,065	45	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	10	0	0	177,710	75,825	101,885	115	20	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10	0	0	168,935	74,160	94,770	105	20	80
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	15	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	15	0	15
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	730	485	250	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	25	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	70	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	10	66,620	53,075	13,545	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	28,060	27,225	835	25	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	111,080	22,865	88,215	70	15	55
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	98,680	16,900	81,780	70	10	55
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	20	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	65	35	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	30	0	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	5,925	5,440	480	20	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	185	100	85	886,650	437,700	448,950	490	215	270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	100	55	50	264,340	139,115	125,220	160	90	70
Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	15	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	0	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	595	105	490	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	69,810	23,220	46,590	35	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	15	0	10	145,930	61,450	84,480	75	10	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15	0	10	138,835	60,195	78,640	75	10	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	20	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	20	0	15
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	600	380	225	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	10	138,260	116,630	21,630	40	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	10	55,310	43,055	12,260	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,755	21,035	720	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	88,715	18,735	69,980	55	15	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	78,745	14,010	64,730	50	10	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	50	25	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	30	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	4,710	4,340	370	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	185	100	85	886,650	437,700	448,950	490	215	270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	55	50	264,340	139,115	125,220	160	90	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	85	45	40	622,310	298,585	323,730	325	130	200
Location of study inside Canada	35	20	15	455,590	220,680	234,910	200	80	120
Same as province or territory of residence	30	20	10	328,175	157,540	170,630	160	55	105
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	40	25	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	50	25	25	166,725	77,905	88,820	125	50	75
Americas	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	380	180	205	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	630	295	335	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	45	25	20	91,990	39,695	52,295	115	40	70
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	20	30,585	12,115	18,470	95	30	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	225	125	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	805	380	425
In the labour force	170	95	80	882,705	463,170	419,540	530	265	260
Employed	135	70	65	776,015	408,675	367,335	470	230	245
Unemployed	35	25	10	106,695	54,490	52,205	55	35	25
Not in the labour force	55	35	20	395,665	167,985	227,680	280	115	165
Participation rate	75.6	76.0	84.2	69.0	73.4	64.8	65.8	69.7	61.2
Employment rate	60.0	56.0	68.4	60.7	64.8	56.8	58.4	60.5	57.6
Unemployment rate	20.6	26.3	12.5	12.1	11.8	12.4	10.4	13.2	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	225	130	95	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	805	380	425
Did not work¹⁸⁶	80	50	25	422,665	183,645	239,020	300	120	180
Worked	145	75	70	855,710	447,510	408,200	505	260	250
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	90	50	35	450,195	257,535	192,655	275	160	120
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	60	25	35	405,520	189,970	215,550	225	100	125
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.8	46.0	43.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	43.8	45.6	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	170	90	80	882,710	463,165	419,540	530	265	265
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	160	90	75	853,695	449,150	404,550	510	255	255
Employee	145	80	70	715,140	365,090	350,050	460	240	220
Permanent position	125	70	55	600,125	311,480	288,645	395	220	175
Temporary position	25	0	15	115,020	53,615	61,405	65	15	50
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970	35	0	30
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	0	10	77,260	36,820	40,435	30	10	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	15	10	0	138,550	84,060	54,500	55	20	30
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	170	90	80	882,710	463,165	419,540	530	265	265
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	160	90	75	853,695	449,150	404,550	510	255	255
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20	0	20	161,170	53,245	107,930	70	10	60
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	0	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	10	10	0
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	69,305	13,810	55,490	35	0	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	0	92,850	30,655	62,195	30	15	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	20	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	55	30	30	209,115	94,840	114,280	145	55	90
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	35	0	147,375	132,085	15,290	115	100	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	20	20	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	10	25,565	19,070	6,490	65	35	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	170	90	80	882,710	463,165	419,540	530	265	265
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995	20	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	160	90	75	853,695	449,150	404,550	510	255	255
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	25	20	10
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	90	50	40
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	25	20	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	15	0	96,885	46,555	50,330	75	30	50
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	0	56,135	40,670	15,470	20	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	25	0	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	40	25	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	15	0	37,790	21,285	16,510	25	30	0
61 Educational services	10	10	0	55,510	16,805	38,700	20	10	20
62 Health care and social assistance	25	0	25	107,190	20,475	86,720	55	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	15	15	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	0	10	49,900	22,440	27,460	35	20	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	15	37,065	16,090	20,975	30	10	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	160	90	75	926,320	483,455	442,860	530	270	260
English	160	90	75	878,705	460,305	418,400	520	265	255
French	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	160	90	75	926,320	483,455	442,860	530	270	260
Single responses	160	90	75	919,325	479,835	439,490	530	270	260
Official languages	160	90	75	906,220	473,040	433,180	530	270	260
English	160	90	75	903,745	472,395	431,350	530	270	260
French	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	160	90	75	926,320	483,455	442,860	530	270	260
None	160	90	75	893,045	467,350	425,695	520	265	255
English	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	0	0	0
French	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	140	70	65	776,010	408,680	367,335	470	230	245
Worked at home	0	0	0	215,520	105,290	110,230	50	15	40
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	30	0	113,260	83,885	29,375	50	45	0
Usual place of work	110	45	65	444,410	217,405	227,005	365	170	200
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	110	40	65	444,410	217,405	227,005	370	165	200
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	95	40	60	361,065	170,000	191,065	135	50	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505	185	90	95
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	40	20	20
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	140	70	70	557,670	301,290	256,380	415	210	205
Car, truck or van	110	65	55	473,465	261,055	212,410	390	190	195
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80	50	25	441,645	249,990	191,655	355	190	170
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	35	0	25	31,820	11,060	20,755	30	10	25
Public transit	30	10	15	40,930	17,775	23,165	0	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	10	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	15	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	140	70	70	557,670	301,290	256,380	415	210	205
Less than 15 minutes	35	10	20	128,460	58,155	70,310	215	100	115
15 to 29 minutes	60	40	25	242,460	130,855	111,610	95	50	50
30 to 44 minutes	10	15	0	125,765	75,100	50,660	55	30	25
45 to 59 minutes	15	0	10	31,050	18,505	12,545	30	15	10
60 minutes and over	20	10	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	20	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	140	70	70	557,670	301,290	256,380	415	210	205
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	10	10	37,665	27,280	10,390	35	25	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	15	100,900	63,500	37,400	70	35	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	20	10	143,455	75,755	67,700	90	55	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	0	0	0	105,095	50,620	54,475	80	35	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	10	0	79,595	35,415	44,180	45	10	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	15	20	90,950	48,715	42,230	95	50	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	55	20	30	356,225	183,250	172,980	200	100	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	330,890	170,360	160,535	195	100	95
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35	15	15	259,535	133,590	125,945	150	80	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	18,890	9,625	9,270	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	20	240,640	123,965	116,675	145	80	65

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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