Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	475	...	...	381	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	8,501,833	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	254	...	...	110	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	4,050,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	229	...	...	108	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,688.2	...	...	4,709.5	...	...	4.2	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.18	...	...	0.08	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	475	250	225	380	190	195	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870
0 to 14 years	35	15	20	75	40	40	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	1,391,360	713,290	678,070
0 to 4 years	10	5	5	25	10	15	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	422,980	217,145	205,840
5 to 9 years	10	5	10	25	15	15	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	478,955	245,295	233,665
10 to 14 years	15	5	5	25	15	10	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	489,425	250,855	238,570
15 to 64 years	345	190	160	245	120	120	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	15	10	10	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	429,400	219,400	209,995
20 to 24 years	25	15	10	20	15	10	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	460,660	235,250	225,405
25 to 29 years	45	25	15	30	15	15	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	527,150	266,455	260,700
30 to 34 years	40	25	15	25	10	15	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	536,040	267,770	268,270
35 to 39 years	30	20	10	35	15	15	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	550,425	274,350	276,075
40 to 44 years	30	10	15	20	5	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	572,565	286,405	286,160
45 to 49 years	35	20	15	20	10	10	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	516,465	259,565	256,905
50 to 54 years	55	30	20	30	15	15	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	522,935	262,610	260,325
55 to 59 years	45	25	15	20	5	10	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	615,690	307,230	308,465
60 to 64 years	30	10	20	30	15	15	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	625,610	307,710	317,900
65 years and over	90	45	45	60	25	30	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	1,753,530	801,925	951,605
65 to 69 years	30	15	10	20	10	10	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	541,970	264,020	277,950
70 to 74 years	15	10	5	20	10	10	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	455,900	217,985	237,910
75 to 79 years	20	5	10	5	5	5	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	330,840	153,790	177,050
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	10	0	10	840,545	370,905	469,645	210,405	90,825	119,580
85 years and over	10	5	5	5	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	214,415	75,305	139,115
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	525,445	212,735	312,705	131,755	50,610	81,150
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	65,020	20,490	44,535
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	15,665	3,875	11,790
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	1,975	330	1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7.4	6.0	8.9	19.7	21.1	20.5	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	72.6	76.0	71.1	64.5	63.2	61.5	64.8	65.4	64.2	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	18.9	18.0	20.0	15.8	13.2	15.4	19.0	17.7	20.2	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	2.1	2.0	2.2	1.3	0.0	2.6	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	45.8	44.8	46.8	39.5	38.2	40.8	41.9	41.0	42.8	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	47.6	46.4	49.2	38.0	37.2	40.8	41.6	40.4	42.8	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	230	...	...	105	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Single-detached house	150	...	...	100	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	1,671,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	199,080	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	98,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	5	...	...	821,490	...	...	271,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30	...	...	0	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	1,242,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	225,745	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	15,745	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	23,760	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	225	...	...	110	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 person	90	...	...	10	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	30	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	1,295,730	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	15	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	480,135	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	20	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	427,605	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	30	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	228,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	470	245	220	375	185	195	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Average household size	2.1	...	...	3.5	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	440	230	205	305	150	160	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805
Married or living common-law	190	95	95	175	90	90	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145
Married	120	60	60	145	70	75	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775
Living common-law	70	35	35	30	15	15	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	1,657,050	829,680	827,375
Living common law - Never married	55	25	30	30	15	10	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	1,345,765	671,000	674,765
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	17,505	9,090	8,410
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	5	0	5	721,715	365,760	355,950	261,885	135,520	126,370
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	31,900	14,070	17,830
Not married and not living common-law	245	135	110	125	60	65	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	145	95	50	80	45	30	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated	25	10	10	5	0	5	741,135	319,045	422,090	106,275	48,095	58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	20	20	25	5	15	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	494,210	197,455	296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40	5	30	15	0	15	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	380,100	89,515	290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	120	...	...	105	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	50	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	1,267,980	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	25	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	454,980	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	412,850	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	15	...	...	855,960	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	110	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
Total couple families	95	...	...	85	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	1,939,635	...	...
Married couples	60	...	...	70	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	1,111,625	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	40	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	502,020	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	30	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	609,605	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	20	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	828,005	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	808,645	...	...	401,885	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	426,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	20	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	383,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	20	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	284,025	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	99,755	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	470	245	225	375	185	190	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families	310	155	155	330	160	165	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners	185	90	95	175	85	90	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families	25	5	20	25	5	15	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	383,780	99,755	284,020
Children⁶	100	60	40	135	75	65	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720
In a two-parent family	60	35	25	95	55	45	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	1,708,235	897,930	810,305
In a one-parent family	35	25	15	35	15	25	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	585,820	317,400	268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	160	95	70	50	25	20	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	1,751,380	870,550	880,825
Living alone	90	50	45	15	5	5	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	1,317,505	638,170	679,335
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	20	10	10	927,345	393,085	534,260	165,070	74,060	91,005
Living with non-relatives only	55	40	20	15	10	5	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	268,810	158,325	110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	230	...	...	110	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	60	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	2,165,490	...	...
Couple-family households	80	...	...	50	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	1,834,095	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	30	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	851,835	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	20	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	982,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	10	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	331,395	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	10	...	...	441,745	...	...	50,790	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	5	...	...	94,235	...	...	9,225	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	10	...	...	450,415	...	...	66,750	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	5	...	...	663,835	...	...	139,280	...	...
One-person households	90	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	435	225	200	300	145	155	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	220	190	285	140	145	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,200	32,800	36,800	38,800	34,000	41,200	46,400	36,800	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	220	190	285	140	145	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	32,400	30,600	34,400	35,600	31,600	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	175	160	235	120	115	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	38,400	20,600	31,400	34,000	26,600	35,200	42,400	29,200	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	145	120	195	95	95	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,800	24,000	35,600	36,400	34,400	37,200	43,200	32,000	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	375	195	175	260	125	140	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	10,500	13,400	11,300	11,000	11,800	9,800	8,500	11,000	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	30	20	35	20	15	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	837,635	441,080	396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,240	6,550	6,850	x	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	140	75	70	110	60	50	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	9,800	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	175	200	295	120	175	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,400	40,400	47,200	52,000	44,000	54,450	62,650	46,560	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	175	200	295	120	175	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	41,600	36,400	40,800	45,000	38,000	44,920	50,320	39,680	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	150	170	250	110	130	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,000	45,000	30,000	42,400	43,000	42,000	50,240	59,500	41,000	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	130	125	210	90	120	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,000	31,200	43,200	42,000	44,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	150	180	270	105	165	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	11,000	16,200	13,200	14,200	12,600	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55	20	45	40	25	0	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	837,180	441,665	395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	9,000	6,000	9,600	9,500	...	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120	50	70	100	45	50	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,600	8,800	11,000	13,600	8,800	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	385	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	60	45	80	40	40	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	62,800	44,800	73,500	79,500	65,000	63,600	69,000	58,000	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,000	68,000	52,000	76,000	80,000	72,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	50	40	95	40	60	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	20,800	20,800	20,800	17,800	25,800	18,400	21,000	16,600	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	30,000	24,000	27,200	14,800	36,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.0	80.0	64.0	74.0	76.0	72.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	76.0	48.0	65.0	62.0	68.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.8	20.0	36.5	25.6	24.0	27.2	17.8	13.7	23.1	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	1.6	3.2	2.8	4.0	x	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	6.2	8.6	8.6	10.4	7.2	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4	5.6	7.6	7.8	10.0	6.0	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	430	230	205	300	150	155	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without total income	25	10	15	20	10	10	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	179,955	87,650	92,310
With total income	405	215	190	280	135	145	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	25	15	10	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	462,400	204,245	258,155
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	20	30	15	10	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	809,375	334,315	475,065
$20,000 to $29,999	105	50	60	60	25	40	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	1,124,265	499,780	624,485
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	30	35	15	15	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	896,520	414,070	482,445
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	25	30	10	15	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	849,005	411,680	437,325
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	25	10	15	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	687,020	345,720	341,305
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	35	20	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	503,110	271,695	231,415
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	20	10	5	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	367,455	208,475	158,980
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	10	10	5	5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	284,690	158,760	125,930
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	5	0	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	198,140	112,355	85,780
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	5	5	0	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	556,780	365,700	191,080
$100,000 to $149,999	20	15	5	5	5	0	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	385,890	245,635	140,260
$150,000 and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	170,890	120,065	50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	430	230	205	300	150	155	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	20	10	10	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	177,960	86,610	91,355
With after-tax income	405	215	190	280	135	145	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	25	15	10	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	495,035	214,000	281,030
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	15	35	20	15	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	853,250	356,480	496,765
$20,000 to $29,999	125	60	60	65	25	40	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	1,316,685	592,685	723,995
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	35	40	20	25	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	1,127,905	544,940	582,965
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	25	30	10	15	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	994,235	505,970	488,265
$50,000 to $59,999	35	25	15	45	20	25	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	691,015	372,870	318,145
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	20	15	5	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	459,665	251,490	208,170
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	5	10	0	5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	292,135	160,985	131,150
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	5	5	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	174,905	104,610	70,295
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	0	0	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	106,165	67,055	39,105
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	229,765	156,750	73,020
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	0	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	119,125	78,615	40,515
$125,000 and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	110,635	78,130	32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	430	230	205	300	150	155	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without employment income	160	80	80	105	45	60	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610
With employment income	270	145	125	195	100	95	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	25	15	5	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	644,075	331,770	312,300
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	20	10	10	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	401,185	180,585	220,595
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	20	25	10	15	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	603,350	273,725	329,620
$20,000 to $29,999	30	10	15	20	10	15	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	495,105	228,670	266,435
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	10	15	10	10	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	488,000	239,620	248,380
$40,000 to $49,999	20	15	10	15	5	10	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	485,845	242,230	243,610
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	5	25	15	10	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	403,980	217,425	186,560
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	15	5	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	320,700	184,770	135,935
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	10	5	0	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	250,635	147,020	103,615
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	5	5	5	929,490	539,395	390,095	218,100	120,085	98,020
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	5	0	5	760,035	439,505	320,530	141,540	86,090	55,450
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	5	5	0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	422,055	285,910	136,145
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	0	5	5	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	205,085	133,500	71,585
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	216,965	152,410	64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	435	225	200	300	145	155	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	410	215	190	280	140	140	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	29,000	38,000	43,600	31,800	39,200	45,200	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	410	215	190	280	140	140	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	32,400	27,600	34,000	38,400	30,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	180	165	230	120	115	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	25,800	40,400	46,000	34,800	36,800	44,000	30,800	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	280	160	125	195	105	90	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	27,800	43,600	50,400	38,800	38,000	44,400	32,800	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	195	170	245	125	130	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,120	1,410	5,200	3,040	1,190	6,450	4,240	1,960	6,450	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	25	10	25	15	10	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	727,165	390,255	336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	5,520	x	7,400	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	375	175	200	280	115	165	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,000	37,600	46,800	54,000	41,600	52,350	61,250	43,800	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	375	175	200	280	115	165	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	34,000	40,000	46,000	36,000	42,920	49,000	37,160	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	305	145	165	225	105	120	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,000	34,400	48,000	53,000	44,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	135	125	180	80	100	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	34,500	54,000	58,000	50,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	145	165	245	100	145	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	6,500	11,700	8,500	7,000	9,400	7,950	6,990	8,800	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	35	20	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	727,815	390,880	336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	...	...	10,000	10,000	...	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	385	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	105	55	45	80	40	40	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,500	41,600	80,000	81,000	67,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	66,000	46,000	78,000	85,000	72,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	45	40	65	25	45	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	1,894,930	934,230	960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	32,400	20,200	36,400	x	34,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	32,000	29,000	39,000	36,000	42,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.0	88.0	74.0	84.0	88.0	80.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	68.0	78.0	56.0	75.0	78.0	74.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	19.2	12.4	26.0	15.8	11.6	20.0	12.3	8.9	16.9	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	x	2.4	3.0	x	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	225	...	...	110	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	90	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	x	...	...	41,600	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,600	...	...	x	...	...	37,200	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	95	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	2,431,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	210	...	...	115	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	0	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	1,317,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	...	...	...	53,350	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	x	...	...	44,360	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	105	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	2,431,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	230	...	...	110	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	35,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	23,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	52,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	82,470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	637,695	...	...	218,185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	505,875	...	...	144,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	488,735	...	...	143,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	560,950	...	...	172,005	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	572,650	...	...	174,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	559,155	...	...	166,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	310,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	280,505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	986,460	...	...	255,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	235,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	208,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	50	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	1,244,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	414,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	282,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	307,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	239,060	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	230	...	...	110	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	40,590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	24,960	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	53,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	87,695	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	681,900	...	...	234,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	589,110	...	...	177,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	582,275	...	...	180,150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	666,675	...	...	213,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	676,995	...	...	210,280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	655,100	...	...	193,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	356,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	322,530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	289,580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	254,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	911,515	...	...	216,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	45	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	892,775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	387,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	225,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	15	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	279,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	90	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	2,331,170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	25	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	991,710	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	76,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	50	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	907,765	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.5	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	10	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	368,845	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	150	85	65	30	20	10	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	1,586,315	796,490	789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	29,800	28,000	48,400	x	x	38,400	40,000	36,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,800	28,400	26,600	43,600	x	x	34,800	36,000	33,600	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	105	...	...	100	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	2,330,645	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	40	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	992,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	50	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	909,160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	128,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	112,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	367,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,800	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	165	75	85	20	0	20	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	1,585,705	796,290	789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	44,000	34,000	56,000	...	56,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	39,000	31,600	48,000	...	48,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	470	245	220	380	190	190	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
0 to 17 years	45	25	25	85	45	40	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	1,648,330	844,730	803,600
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	30	10	15	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	515,725	264,785	250,935
18 to 64 years	330	180	150	235	120	120	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885
65 years and over	90	45	50	55	25	30	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	1,599,990	752,815	847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	60	30	30	25	10	10	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	992,235	463,295	528,940
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	10	5	10	854,565	439,490	415,075	159,530	82,000	77,530
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	5	0	5	282,315	144,250	138,065	53,105	27,240	25,870
18 to 64 years	45	25	20	10	5	5	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	515,470	256,435	259,035
65 years and over	10	0	10	0	0	0	985,745	391,695	594,050	317,235	124,865	192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	13.0	12.0	6.4	6.0	7.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	14.0	x	20.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	25.0	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	13.0	12.0	5.0	6.0	4.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	14.0	10.0	20.0	x	x	x	15.0	12.7	16.9	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	470	245	225	375	185	190	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350
0 to 17 years	45	20	25	85	45	40	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	1,634,715	837,715	797,005
0 to 5 years	15	5	10	25	15	15	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	511,400	262,535	248,860
18 to 64 years	335	180	150	235	115	115	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035
65 years and over	95	45	50	55	30	30	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	1,596,400	751,095	845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	50	30	20	30	15	10	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	439,850	223,055	216,795
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	15	10	10	319,545	164,490	155,060	61,665	31,610	30,060
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	10	5	5	99,435	50,875	48,560	19,815	10,190	9,630
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	15	10	5	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	313,970	167,015	146,955
65 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	64,210	24,430	39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.2	13.0	9.5	8.0	9.0	7.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	18.0	x	20.0	4.5	4.6	4.5	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	30.0	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	14.0	15.0	13.0	6.0	8.0	5.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	470	245	220	380	190	195	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution	290	150	135	220	110	110	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895
In bottom decile	65	35	25	30	15	15	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	851,840	407,705	444,140
In second decile	55	30	30	30	10	15	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	920,490	434,730	485,760
In third decile	50	20	25	45	20	25	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	969,255	471,650	497,600
In fourth decile	70	40	30	45	25	20	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	978,345	482,760	495,590
In fifth decile	50	25	20	65	35	30	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	947,090	473,285	473,810
In top half of the distribution	180	95	90	155	75	80	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765
In sixth decile	60	30	30	40	15	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	899,660	454,970	444,690
In seventh decile	40	15	25	40	20	20	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	837,225	425,400	411,830
In eighth decile	30	15	10	25	10	10	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	752,410	383,450	368,955
In ninth decile	35	20	15	35	20	20	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	634,425	325,700	308,730
In top decile	20	10	10	10	5	5	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	517,725	267,160	250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	470	...	...	375	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...	0.250	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.368	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	...	...	0.230	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	470	245	225	375	185	190	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English only	435	235	205	355	175	180	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	445,575	228,840	216,735
French only	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605
English and French	25	10	10	10	5	5	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	15	0	15	689,725	284,170	405,555	82,075	35,200	46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	470	245	225	375	185	190	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	450	235	215	360	180	180	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	1,088,820	548,595	540,225
French	15	5	5	5	5	0	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	476,175	237,635	238,535	329,515	169,050	160,465
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	15	0	15	673,100	275,685	397,420	79,000	33,590	45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	470	245	225	375	185	190	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	460	240	220	365	180	180	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865
Official languages	350	185	160	205	100	105	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755
English	335	180	155	200	100	105	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	639,365	323,170	316,195
French	15	5	5	5	5	0	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565
Non-official languages	110	50	60	155	75	80	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	1,167,550	570,440	597,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	41,820	20,480	21,345
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	28,925	14,200	14,730
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	27,870	13,715	14,160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	5,490	2,825	2,665
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	14,905	7,410	7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280	565	290	275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	3,235	1,565	1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	70	40	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	90	50	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	10,870	5,435	5,435
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	6,870	3,180	3,695
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315	610	300	310
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	190	75	115
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	190	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	860	410	450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460	820	385	435
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	30	15	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	15	10	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	12,775	6,220	6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	12,770	6,220	6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205	65	30	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155	60	30	35
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	15	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	110	50	55	155	75	80	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	1,125,730	549,960	575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	40	25	20	698,355	359,625	338,730	233,220	122,895	110,320
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	25,990	13,860	12,130
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	23,735	12,570	11,165
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	1,975	1,130	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170	285	160	125
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	980	510	470
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	425	235	190
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335	555	280	280
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	320	170	150
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	1,330	620	705
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	5	5	5
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	1,275	595	680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350	25	15	15
Semitic languages	25	15	10	40	25	20	618,450	320,045	298,405	204,600	107,735	96,865
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5	25,685	12,090	13,600	735	345	385
Arabic	20	10	10	30	15	15	508,410	265,350	243,060	198,785	104,765	94,020
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	525	250	270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	170	85	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	45	20	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	300	150	155
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	10	5	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	3,680	1,930	1,750
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	20	5	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	810	415	395
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	15	10	5	192,985	87,230	105,750	37,425	17,185	20,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	8,730	3,975	4,755
Vietnamese	20	5	10	15	10	5	173,000	78,180	94,820	28,630	13,180	15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	25	15	10	565,375	238,875	326,500	25,580	10,200	15,375
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	140	55	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	465	175	290
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	1,050	370	685
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	590	205	385
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	2,125	855	1,275
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	730	255	475
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	25	10	20
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	1,810	870	940
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	1,180	545	630
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425	630	325	310
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	75	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	225	95	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	120	55	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	20	10	10	461,150	194,805	266,345	17,710	7,005	10,705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	65	20	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	410	185	230
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	62,640	28,375	34,265
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	46,475	20,690	25,785
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290	20	5	10
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435	10	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	3,115	1,555	1,555
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	490	240	250
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	11,980	5,620	6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	555	255	300
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	18,350	9,425	8,925
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	375	215	160
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	1,800	945	850
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	14,235	7,030	7,205
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	1,895	1,215	680
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195	20	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	150	70	80
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	40	20	15	70	35	35	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	595,790	290,670	305,115
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	3,310	1,660	1,650
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	16,890	8,225	8,670
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	68,295	30,855	37,435
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	725	285	440
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	235	100	135
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	490	185	300
Slavic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	67,565	30,570	36,995
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395	75	35	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	6,735	3,240	3,495
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	1,345	625	725
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	220	110	115
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	12,495	5,380	7,120
Russian	5	5	0	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	31,700	14,115	17,590
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	8,415	4,180	4,235
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	2,065	1,040	1,030
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	2,380	1,155	1,225
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	3,720	1,865	1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	250	120	125
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	855	380	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	600	265	335
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	5,065	2,220	2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205	50	25	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	130	80	55
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	25	20	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	20	10	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	55	30	20
Germanic languages	5	0	5	5	5	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	25,580	12,440	13,140
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	15	10	10
High German languages	5	0	0	5	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	21,145	10,240	10,910
German	5	0	0	5	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	11,055	5,090	5,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	1,110	565	540
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	8,980	4,585	4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	3,175	1,580	1,590
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	170	90	80
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	2,590	1,305	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	400	185	220
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	1,140	560	575
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	360	175	185
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480	60	30	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	190	100	85
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	530	260	275
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	105	50	55
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	34,080	16,735	17,345
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50	25	20	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	101,450	52,780	48,665
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	63,025	33,465	29,555
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	30	20	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	12,140	6,220	5,920
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	7,070	3,655	3,415
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	5,445	3,080	2,360
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	170	80	90
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350	40	25	15
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	80	40	35
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	520	285	235
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	1,105	560	545
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	65	35	30
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	40	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	20	20	666,585	341,515	325,065	23,825	12,975	10,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	115	45	70
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	100	60	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	725	375	350
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	11,320	5,860	5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	265	150	115
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	38,400	19,305	19,090
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	10	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	1,120	630	485
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240	35	25	15
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	1,490	810	680
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	35,615	17,770	17,850
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	10,665	5,370	5,295
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	22,130	10,990	11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	2,820	1,410	1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390	125	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	15	5	10	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	346,000	167,870	178,130
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440	330	165	160
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	90,940	44,080	46,865
Portuguese	10	10	5	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	41,545	19,890	21,650
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	35,810	17,115	18,695
Spanish	5	5	5	15	5	5	538,870	259,500	279,375	177,155	86,490	90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	225	125	105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185	55	30	30
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	2,760	795	1,965
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	6,670	2,860	3,815
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	225	90	135
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	33,495	16,630	16,865
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	985	490	490
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	1,490	795	700
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	90	40	50
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	995	535	465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	2,665	1,380	1,285
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415	70	40	30
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	50	20	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	10	5	10
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	3,420	1,530	1,895
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	2,975	1,340	1,635
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275	285	145	145
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260	405	205	205
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325	40	20	15
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500	60	20	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	4,585	2,165	2,415
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	125	60	60
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190	270	175	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320	25	10	10
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	3,975	1,935	2,035
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	910	435	475
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	3,940	2,100	1,840
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	875	470	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	5,105	2,630	2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	1,010	535	480
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	845	450	400
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270	155	80	75
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	1,280	680	600
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	120	60	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465	930	485	445
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	225	130	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	5	0	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	87,540	40,170	47,375
Chinese languages	10	0	5	5	0	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	87,155	39,990	47,160
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	470	200	270
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	57,445	26,210	31,235
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	2,670	1,180	1,485
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	790	365	430
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5	5	0	5	553,380	255,540	297,835	24,235	11,275	12,965
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	1,425	710	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	310	140	175
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	80	25	55
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	10	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	20	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	130	65	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	4,855	2,040	2,820
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	3,815	1,805	2,010
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	1,015	220	795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240	25	10	15
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	9,230	4,775	4,455
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	410	250	160
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305	50	25	20
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	8,220	4,240	3,975
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	235	110	125
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	170	80	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	140	60	80
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	5,335	2,465	2,865
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	160	60	95
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	305	120	190
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	4,865	2,290	2,575
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	170	95	75
Multiple responses	10	5	5	15	10	5	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	308,550	155,455	153,095
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	291,325	142,420	148,905	126,405	64,585	61,820
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	10	5	5	921,480	450,685	470,800	49,485	24,660	24,825
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040	94,205	46,880	47,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	28,685	14,700	13,985
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	9,765	4,625	5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	470	245	225	375	185	190	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	345	185	165	195	100	95	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	623,305	313,780	309,520
French	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555
Non-official language	35	15	20	85	40	40	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	366,730	177,410	189,315
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	23,080	11,585	11,495
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	85	40	40	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	343,650	165,830	177,825
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0	953,760	465,560	488,205	497,380	256,735	240,645
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	95	45	50	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	205,755	102,290	103,470
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395,320	188,195	207,125	375,795	179,585	196,210
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	455,760	217,995	237,770	284,940	141,275	143,665
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	200,320	93,165	107,155	20,125	9,545	10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	470	245	225	375	185	190	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	460	235	215	350	165	180	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785
Official languages	400	210	190	225	110	115	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030
English	390	205	185	225	110	115	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	874,185	438,570	435,615
French	10	5	5	0	0	0	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420
Non-official languages	55	25	30	120	60	60	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	662,615	322,860	339,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	34,245	17,040	17,200
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	22,430	11,165	11,265
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	22,115	11,025	11,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	4,330	2,275	2,055
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	11,895	5,960	5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	560	295	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	2,495	1,205	1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	35	20	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	65	40	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	45	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	8,680	4,370	4,310
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	5,400	2,540	2,860
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	490	255	240
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	80	30	50
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	75	30	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	230	110	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	215	100	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	11,755	5,840	5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	11,750	5,840	5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	55	25	25	120	60	60	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	628,365	305,820	322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	30	15	15	395,840	197,010	198,830	116,685	59,645	57,040
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	10,635	5,585	5,045
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	9,765	5,115	4,655
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380	670	365	305
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130	195	110	90
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410	335	165	170
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305	180	85	90
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105	155	75	80
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	225	115	115
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	605	280	325
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	580	265	315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	10	10	0
Semitic languages	10	10	5	30	15	15	352,790	176,270	176,520	104,890	53,505	51,380
Amharic	0	0	0	15	5	5	14,030	6,470	7,565	330	155	175
Arabic	5	5	5	15	5	10	285,915	143,650	142,260	102,120	52,125	49,990
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	380	185	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	130	60	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	50	25	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	200	105	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	1,515	760	755
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	490	250	240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	20	10	5	127,730	58,660	69,070	24,500	11,410	13,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	4,875	2,200	2,670
Vietnamese	15	5	10	20	10	5	116,785	53,735	63,055	19,595	9,185	10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	326,245	149,550	176,700	13,845	6,335	7,515
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395	45	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	225	100	125
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	560	240	320
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	320	135	185
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	1,175	510	665
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	255	115	135
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	610	325	285
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170	305	165	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	300	160	145
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	125	60	65
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	5	5	275,045	125,870	149,170	10,260	4,690	5,570
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	185	90	90
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	26,985	11,815	15,170
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	19,535	8,310	11,230
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	1,590	765	825
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160	230	110	125
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	5,390	2,520	2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	395	475	220	110	120
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	13,800	6,935	6,865
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	190	105	90
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	1,225	645	580
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	11,215	5,465	5,755
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	1,140	700	435
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	20	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	60	25	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	55	25	25	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	336,635	164,100	172,535
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	1,910	945	970
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	12,325	5,870	6,455
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	39,725	18,855	20,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	150	60	90
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485	60	30	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	95	35	60
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	39,575	18,795	20,775
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	4,535	2,230	2,305
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	375	180	200
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	125	65	60
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	4,795	2,110	2,685
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	22,770	10,815	11,960
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	4,205	2,085	2,125
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	1,075	530	545
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	945	445	505
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	2,090	1,060	1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	100	50	45
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	200	85	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	150	70	85
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	2,375	1,135	1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	5	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	45	35	10
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	10	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	15	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	10	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	10,320	5,250	5,075
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155	110	30	75
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	9,600	4,930	4,675
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	1,685	805	880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	235	125	115
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	7,680	4,000	3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	420	200	215
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	65	30	35
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	300	145	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	175	85	95
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340	35	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95	25	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450	100	50	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390	20	5	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	15,235	7,015	8,220
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	74,455	38,045	36,410
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	962,820	490,815	472,000	46,420	24,225	22,195
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	8,760	4,360	4,405
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	4,630	2,360	2,270
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	3,525	1,915	1,615
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	95	45	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470	20	10	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	255	135	120
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	880	445	430
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	10	5	5
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	45	20	20	520,390	266,775	253,610	19,290	10,435	8,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	80	30	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	35	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	425	225	205
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	8,250	4,160	4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	150	80	70
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	28,020	13,810	14,210
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	625	325	300
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	15	10	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	1,110	590	520
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	26,205	12,850	13,355
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	7,595	3,780	3,815
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	16,660	8,135	8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	1,950	940	1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	5	0	5	577,735	273,965	303,770	182,585	88,060	94,525
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	135	70	65
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	26,290	11,205	15,085
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	20,885	9,965	10,920
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	22,255	10,895	11,355
Spanish	0	0	0	5	0	5	317,365	155,005	162,360	112,915	55,870	57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220	105	55	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	1,155	455	700
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	4,760	2,135	2,630
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	145	70	80
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	10,160	4,895	5,265
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	485	235	245
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	385	195	195
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215	25	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245	225	115	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	850	445	410
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150	30	15	15
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	965	415	545
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	930	410	525
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	20	5	20
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	35	15	15
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	10	5	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	1,655	775	875
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	45	20	25
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85	105	75	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	5	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	1,665	810	855
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160	245	100	145
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	1,470	795	675
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	240	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	720	320	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	395	195	200
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	365	180	185
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70	25	15	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	2,235	1,285	945
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	300	165	135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	1,385	775	615
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	550	345	205
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	967,965	450,210	517,755	67,120	31,725	35,390
Chinese languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	955,685	444,115	511,565	66,880	31,610	35,275
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	150	65	80
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	46,925	22,275	24,650
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	1,510	680	835
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	535	260	275
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	16,860	7,870	8,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	870	445	430
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	190	90	100
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	5	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	75	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	60	30	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155	40	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	2,325	1,095	1,230
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	2,060	995	1,065
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	255	95	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	10	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	6,005	3,005	3,000
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	175	95	75
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	10	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	5,540	2,780	2,765
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435	145	65	85
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210	35	20	15
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	1,505	670	830
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	15	10	5
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	45	20	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	1,445	645	805
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	55	25	25
Multiple responses	10	10	5	30	15	15	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	357,245	176,070	181,175
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	230,955	112,070	118,880	137,120	69,025	68,095
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	30	15	15	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	60,495	29,540	30,950
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	60,405	65,125	116,595	56,445	60,150
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	39,875	19,575	20,300
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	3,160	1,485	1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	470	245	220	375	185	190	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
None	395	210	190	300	155	150	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155
English	20	10	10	25	10	10	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	353,690	183,470	170,225
French	5	5	0	0	0	0	571,040	268,530	302,510	259,425	127,380	132,040
Non-official language	40	25	15	40	15	20	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	269,715	129,830	139,890
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	40	15	20	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	264,405	127,330	137,070
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585	61,955	31,425	30,525
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	5	0	0	323,845	161,995	161,850	76,755	38,765	37,990
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,565	61,575	72,995	55,860	26,915	28,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	7,295	3,700	3,595
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	5	0	5	234,905	115,470	119,430	19,290	9,695	9,595
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	415	195	220	400	185	215	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Official languages	410	195	215	380	175	200	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230
English	410	195	215	370	170	200	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465
French	40	15	25	20	15	10	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750
Non-official languages	125	55	75	220	110	105	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	1,853,710	899,285	954,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	50,165	24,530	25,640
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	35,985	17,600	18,380
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	33,860	16,570	17,290
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	6,770	3,435	3,330
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	17,930	8,910	9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	50	20	40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	855	425	430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	4,230	2,040	2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	75	35	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	265	120	145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	90	45	45
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	12,650	6,365	6,285
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	8,710	3,990	4,720
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	1,000	495	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	370	210	160
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	370	205	160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	1,945	900	1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	1,750	800	955
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	25	15	10
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	210	110	100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	155	75	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	10	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	60	30	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	55	25	20
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	95	50	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	90	50	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	10	10	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	65	40	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	20	20	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	35	15	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	10	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	13,900	6,750	7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	13,880	6,740	7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	240	125	110
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	215	110	100
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	20	20	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	35	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	30	30	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	20	20	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	65	45	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	95	50	45
Non-Indigenous languages	125	55	70	220	110	105	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	1,804,195	875,095	929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	25	65	35	30	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	385,210	201,105	184,100
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	39,965	21,145	18,820
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	35,660	18,725	16,930
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	3,840	2,160	1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	1,000	545	455
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	2,900	1,550	1,350
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	1,250	725	525
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	1,650	825	825
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	1,150	580	575
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	2,145	990	1,160
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	25	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	55	20	35
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	2,025	925	1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	100	45	50
Semitic languages	40	20	25	65	35	30	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	363,875	190,005	173,870
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	1,225	605	620
Arabic	40	20	25	65	35	30	838,045	436,510	401,540	343,675	179,750	163,930
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	935	460	480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	205	110	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	80	45	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	660	310	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	15	10	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	19,210	9,935	9,275
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	40	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	1,010	490	520
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	165	90	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	10	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	49,720	23,320	26,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	12,785	5,930	6,855
Vietnamese	25	10	15	10	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	37,655	17,735	19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455	105	60	45
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40	25	15	793,275	336,445	456,840	40,880	16,660	24,225
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	340	150	190
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	655	285	370
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	1,940	625	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	1,215	470	745
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	3,845	1,565	2,280
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	1,510	625	885
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	85	45	45
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	3,265	1,670	1,595
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	2,215	1,140	1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	1,085	570	515
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	595	275	320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	460	195	265
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	200	90	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	40	25	15	737,565	310,735	426,830	33,810	13,330	20,480
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	215	100	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	1,645	655	990
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	135,275	62,040	73,235
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	118,010	53,530	64,480
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	340	165	175
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	75	25	50
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	6,810	3,480	3,330
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	1,070	570	500
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	17,995	8,440	9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	3,010	1,380	1,630
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	25,390	13,070	12,320
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	925	530	395
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	2,530	1,325	1,200
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	20,050	9,955	10,100
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	3,260	2,055	1,205
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	80	30	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520	95	55	40
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	245	110	135
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	0	10	90	40	50	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	1,014,365	490,155	524,215
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	4,545	2,315	2,230
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	22,100	10,785	11,310
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	820,305	384,390	435,915	95,385	45,060	50,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	1,105	465	635
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	440	180	260
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	660	290	375
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	809,985	380,025	429,960	94,580	44,695	49,885
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	410	185	230
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	8,110	3,950	4,165
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	2,165	1,040	1,120
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	455	205	250
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	16,790	7,555	9,235
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	55,485	26,345	29,135
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	11,145	5,505	5,635
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	3,060	1,520	1,540
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	4,710	2,300	2,405
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	5,285	2,560	2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	315	175	140
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	1,380	630	750
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	810	340	465
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	10,185	4,575	5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	110	60	55
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	665	375	295
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	300	180	120
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	135	85	45
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	85	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415	165	90	80
Germanic languages	10	0	10	25	10	10	658,705	319,800	338,905	65,625	33,305	32,320
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	65	20	45
High German languages	10	0	10	15	0	10	453,995	222,215	231,780	57,640	29,540	28,105
German	10	0	10	15	0	10	419,195	204,840	214,355	44,170	22,715	21,450
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	1,615	785	830
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	12,825	6,540	6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	6,410	3,140	3,265
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	580	295	285
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	5,170	2,565	2,600
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	10	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	40	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	735	340	400
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	3,335	1,630	1,705
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	860	395	460
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	90	35	55
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	735	375	360
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	1,905	980	920
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	215	115	100
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	50,375	24,835	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	136,020	71,180	64,840
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	90,745	48,355	42,395
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	75	40	30
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	16,170	8,320	7,850
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	10,640	5,590	5,050
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	35,765	19,145	16,620
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	375	155	220
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	115	65	50
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	235	130	105
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	1,160	620	545
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	1,375	740	635
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	105	50	60
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	45	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	60	25	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	34,290	18,580	15,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	250	110	145
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	230	115	115
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	1,610	860	755
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	21,180	11,325	9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	770	445	320
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	48,105	24,410	23,695
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	1,805	1,045	755
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	135	80	55
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	2,210	1,235	975
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	44,745	22,585	22,160
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	13,235	6,845	6,390
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	27,430	13,785	13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	4,595	2,255	2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	290	180	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	170	100	65
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	40	20	25	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	684,830	324,095	360,735
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	1,250	725	530
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	168,040	82,400	85,645
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	65,605	33,005	32,600
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	44,510	21,425	23,090
Spanish	0	0	0	30	10	20	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	453,905	210,400	243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	1,105	670	435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	285	150	135
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	9,305	4,485	4,820
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	9,265	3,920	5,350
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	320	125	195
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	75,835	37,990	37,845
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	2,385	1,270	1,115
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	3,525	1,810	1,720
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	365	190	175
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	2,365	1,285	1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	5,820	2,995	2,825
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	375	225	150
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	280	135	150
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	80	25	55
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	745	435	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	5,740	2,675	3,065
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	14,985	7,255	7,730
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	1,205	600	605
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	1,615	810	805
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	80	45	35
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	180	85	95
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	7,310	3,490	3,825
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	345	190	155
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	570	375	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	85	40	45
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	12,270	6,225	6,040
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	2,195	1,100	1,095
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	9,930	5,325	4,595
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	3,100	1,610	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	17,915	9,215	8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	1,865	905	960
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	1,845	895	950
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	995	555	440
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	8,070	3,485	4,580
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	1,310	575	735
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	5,740	2,340	3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	1,555	830	725
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	10	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	107,415	49,840	57,575
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	106,915	49,630	57,285
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	810	370	445
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	80,520	37,100	43,420
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	70	35	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	4,310	1,855	2,455
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	1,255	565	685
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	34,030	15,430	18,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	1,500	785	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	245	125	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	465	190	275
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	135	30	110
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	35	10	25
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	20	0	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	15	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	190	100	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	130	60	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	100	60	45
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	7,330	3,170	4,160
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	5,485	2,595	2,885
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	2,720	920	1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465	40	15	25
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	17,795	8,940	8,850
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	995	570	425
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	125	60	65
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	16,195	8,135	8,065
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	350	155	200
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	320	155	170
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	350	165	185
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	7,595	3,485	4,115
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	230	90	140
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	525	250	270
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	6,850	3,145	3,705
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	835	430	405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	410	195	215	400	185	215	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	0	10	10	10	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	205,010	101,150	103,865
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	0	10	10	10	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	193,365	95,320	98,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	116,550	56,080	60,475
Métis	10	0	0	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	61,010	31,620	29,390
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	15,800	7,620	8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	3,135	1,575	1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	8,515	4,245	4,265
Non-Indigenous identity	395	190	210	385	170	215	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	410	195	215	400	185	215	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	76,775	37,825	38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410	195	215	390	175	215	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Owner	150	...	...	105	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	2,245,605	...	...
Renter	55	...	...	15	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	1,497,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	6,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	515,590	...	...
Not condominium	210	...	...	120	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	3,233,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	32,020	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	623,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	10	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	1,173,600	...	...
3 bedrooms	85	...	...	40	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	1,189,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	85	...	...	65	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	730,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	1,378,765	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	10	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	645,635	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	35	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	435,225	...	...
7 rooms	45	...	...	25	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	403,225	...	...
8 or more rooms	60	...	...	45	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	886,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	7.3	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One person or fewer per room	215	...	...	115	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	3,700,720	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	48,315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Suitable	200	...	...	110	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	3,606,260	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	10	...	...	805,650	...	...	142,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1960 or before	75	...	...	0	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	879,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	130	...	...	100	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	1,114,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	15	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	509,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	385,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	198,595	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	231,930	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	212,290	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	217,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	185	...	...	115	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	3,512,925	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	0	...	...	919,545	...	...	236,110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-maintainer household	115	...	...	30	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	2,097,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	65	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	1,561,495	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	15	...	...	687,485	...	...	89,875	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	117,525	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	10	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	525,540	...	...
35 to 44 years	20	...	...	20	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	647,165	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	25	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	628,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	15	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	760,395	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	30	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	629,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	40	...	...	15	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	336,170	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	103,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	210	...	...	120	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	3,706,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	160	...	...	100	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	3,110,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	20	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	595,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	20	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	542,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	215	...	...	120	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	25	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	901,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	10	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	537,090	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	10	...	...	595,110	...	...	112,775	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	0	...	...	645,465	...	...	179,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	15,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	41,740	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	13,135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	1,395	...	...
Acceptable housing	130	...	...	95	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	2,847,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	210	...	...	115	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	3,652,985	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	218,275	...	...
Not in core need	170	...	...	115	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	3,434,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155	...	...	100	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	2,227,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.8	...	...	70.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,560	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000	...	...	368,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	370,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	20	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	1,493,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	33.2	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	x	...	...	1,070	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	2,400	...	...	1,209	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	6,425	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	410	195	220	395	185	210	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15	0	0	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	177,300	86,310	90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15	0	0	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	174,610	85,025	89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	140,690	68,395	72,300
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	20,510	10,205	10,310
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	13,410	6,425	6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	2,685	1,280	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	1,830	865	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	760	365	400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	55	40	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	45	20	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	0	0	10	10	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	203,425	96,595	106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	0	0	10	10	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	200,985	95,520	105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	177,925	84,210	93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	19,935	9,910	10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	3,120	1,405	1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	2,435	1,070	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	1,800	775	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	535	240	295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210	60	25	30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	390	180	205	390	175	210	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	415	190	220	400	185	210	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	390	190	200	345	155	190	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30	20	15	100	60	45	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	1,570,720	805,100	765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	355	170	190	250	95	150	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25	0	20	50	30	20	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	518,265	264,490	253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	415	190	220	400	185	210	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	330	170	165	225	110	115	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705
Immigrants⁸¹	80	25	60	170	75	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	1,210,600	588,960	621,640
Before 1980	25	0	15	30	15	15	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	187,200	91,895	95,300
1980 to 1990	10	0	10	25	0	20	924,320	443,805	480,520	124,610	61,850	62,755
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	15	0	10	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	190,495	91,635	98,860
2001 to 2010	25	10	15	40	20	20	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	312,210	150,825	161,390
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	10	65	30	30	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	396,090	192,745	203,340
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	35	10	25	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	193,345	93,485	99,855
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	35	25	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	202,740	99,260	103,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365	205,770	113,500	92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	80	25	55	175	70	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Under 5 years	0	0	0	15	0	10	748,265	377,795	370,470	112,295	56,755	55,540
5 to 14 years	10	0	0	25	10	15	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	201,385	101,555	99,835
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	45	15	30	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	213,035	96,175	116,860
25 to 44 years	50	10	40	85	35	45	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	594,845	292,975	301,875
45 years and over	15	0	15	10	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	89,045	41,505	47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	80	25	55	175	70	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Americas	10	0	10	30	10	15	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	264,885	121,740	143,145
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	9,705	4,520	5,180
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	29,670	13,540	16,125
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	11,515	5,780	5,730
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	2,350	1,090	1,260
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	86,105	38,285	47,820
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	4,485	1,900	2,590
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	17,390	7,935	9,455
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	13,885	6,295	7,595
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	3,820	1,660	2,160
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	24,945	12,195	12,745
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	61,020	28,545	32,480
Europe	0	0	0	30	10	15	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	309,015	154,110	154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	4,015	1,995	2,025
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	2,015	1,050	960
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	93,160	49,870	43,290
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	8,385	4,095	4,295
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	16,130	7,790	8,340
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	2,930	1,455	1,475
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	43,975	21,940	22,040
Netherlands	0	0	0	10	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	1,655	870	785
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	9,670	4,120	5,555
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	17,000	8,190	8,805
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	27,515	12,990	14,530
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	11,690	4,865	6,825
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	1,610	760	850
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	9,660	4,310	5,350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	12,290	6,575	5,715
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	47,310	23,240	24,075
Africa	0	0	0	15	0	0	821,735	412,365	409,375	302,010	153,655	148,355
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	72,835	37,535	35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	15,595	7,460	8,140
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	20,325	10,520	9,805
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	600	305	300
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	1,045	485	565
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	68,865	34,810	34,060
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	2,210	1,185	1,025
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	675	330	350
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	1,025	575	450
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	118,820	60,455	58,360
Asia	65	25	40	105	45	55	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	332,925	158,445	174,475
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	9,545	4,825	4,725
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	20,235	10,020	10,215
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	4,085	2,110	1,980
Lebanon	20	0	15	10	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	42,280	22,610	19,670
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	26,845	13,675	13,170
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	7,450	3,850	3,605
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	52,500	23,010	29,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	4,900	2,385	2,520
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	5,180	2,275	2,905
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	2,500	1,015	1,485
Philippines	0	0	0	35	20	15	719,580	305,115	414,460	31,350	11,835	19,515
Viet Nam	15	0	10	20	10	15	182,095	82,670	99,425	25,485	11,580	13,900
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	8,965	4,510	4,455
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	24,990	12,770	12,225
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	11,250	5,970	5,285
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	10,910	5,350	5,560
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	0	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	44,455	20,665	23,790
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	1,765	1,010	750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	30	25	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	202,740	99,265	103,480
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	30,910	14,985	15,920
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	2,575	1,170	1,410
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	4,295	1,985	2,315
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	8,600	4,210	4,395
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	215	130	90
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	2,520	1,240	1,280
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	4,140	2,170	1,975
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	1,690	670	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	6,860	3,420	3,440
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	33,705	17,520	16,185
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	20,980	11,325	9,655
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	530	295	240
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	100	85	15
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	700	420	285
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	1,365	515	850
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	1,660	720	940
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	975	615	360
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	7,395	3,550	3,845
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	70,310	34,215	36,095
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	13,975	6,730	7,245
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	2,290	1,170	1,120
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	8,830	4,180	4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	4,055	1,875	2,180
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	6,305	3,055	3,255
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	2,385	1,255	1,135
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	300	160	135
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	155	75	75
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	9,515	4,435	5,080
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	995	525	470
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	75	40	30
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	190	100	85
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	100	55	45
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	6,640	3,375	3,260
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	14,505	7,175	7,330
Asia	0	0	0	25	25	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	67,305	32,185	35,120
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	2,515	1,250	1,265
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	1,190	565	625
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	10,735	4,680	6,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	150	70	75
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	8,460	4,430	4,030
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	4,135	1,895	2,235
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	715	385	325
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	395	205	185
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	325	75	250
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	565	285	275
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	1,355	585	775
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	3,620	1,925	1,700
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	245	140	100
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	2,160	1,135	1,025
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	8,480	3,560	4,920
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	1,390	790	600
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	710	320	385
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	13,390	6,960	6,425
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	800	450	355
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	975	510	470
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	1,620	605	1,010
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	3,390	1,355	2,035
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	510	355	160
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	295	195	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	220	160	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	415	195	215	400	185	215	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625
First generation¹⁰⁰	90	30	60	175	75	100	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	1,471,845	728,125	743,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	100	50	55	105	55	40	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	883,485	446,000	437,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	220	115	100	125	55	70	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	55	15	40	150	60	85	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20	0	15	50	15	30	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	559,935	290,040	269,895
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	0	10	10	10	0	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	267,870	161,125	106,740
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	0	40	10	30	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	292,070	128,915	163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	0	20	50	20	25	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	272,255	109,735	162,515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	0	50	20	25	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	175,740	89,995	85,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	15,470	7,290	8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	55	15	40	150	60	85	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	89,850	47,360	42,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	15	10	10	705,405	324,370	381,035	94,185	46,445	47,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	25,505	13,385	12,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	48,805	27,680	21,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	8,935	3,495	5,440
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45	15	35	120	50	70	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	756,120	358,700	397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	415	195	215	400	185	215	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	130	60	70	225	105	120	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	1,340,735	662,065	678,670
South Asian	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	127,990	67,140	60,850
Chinese	10	0	0	20	0	20	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	115,240	51,375	63,865
Black	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	422,405	206,335	216,070
Filipino	0	0	0	40	25	15	957,355	427,755	529,600	44,885	19,300	25,580
Arab	45	20	25	65	35	35	694,015	362,845	331,170	280,075	146,990	133,085
Latin American	0	0	0	25	0	20	580,235	281,030	299,200	172,925	85,035	87,880
Southeast Asian	55	25	30	40	20	20	390,340	184,120	206,220	70,455	33,510	36,945
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	43,985	22,250	21,735
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	10,360	4,825	5,535
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	5,305	2,190	3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	12,150	6,020	6,125
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	34,960	17,080	17,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	285	135	150	175	80	90	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	415	195	220	400	185	215	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Canadian	40	20	25	120	50	65	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880
English	55	25	25	30	20	10	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	177,710	88,910	88,800
Irish	30	15	20	25	20	10	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	404,190	193,440	210,745
Scottish	55	10	35	15	15	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	192,685	93,120	99,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	15	10	15	10	0	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	1,778,900	897,890	881,010
German	40	0	30	15	0	10	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	124,305	60,295	64,010
Chinese	15	10	0	25	0	25	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	123,985	55,730	68,255
Italian	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	316,315	157,600	158,720
Indian (India)	0	0	0	25	15	10	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	65,790	34,390	31,405
Ukrainian	30	20	10	0	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	38,685	18,590	20,095
Dutch	15	0	10	10	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	22,385	11,085	11,305
Polish	15	10	0	10	0	10	982,820	472,290	510,525	63,505	31,010	32,495
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510	931,940	465,630	466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	38,655	19,380	19,275
Filipino	0	0	0	45	25	15	925,490	414,915	510,570	43,580	18,815	24,760
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	588,805	290,630	298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	25	25	0	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	149,955	75,935	74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	138,030	64,935	73,095
Métis	10	0	10	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	44,275	21,865	22,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	10	0	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	99,420	50,795	48,625
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	47,195	21,990	25,200
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	8,215	4,055	4,160
Welsh	10	0	10	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	11,260	5,450	5,810
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	64,385	32,135	32,255
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	46,600	22,380	24,230
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	77,735	37,960	39,775
Swedish	15	0	10	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	6,965	3,270	3,700
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	23,360	11,410	11,950
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	83,945	39,450	44,495
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	16,645	8,825	7,815
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	73,930	36,725	37,205
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	57,320	29,015	28,305
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	8,765	5,040	3,725
Vietnamese	35	15	20	25	10	15	275,530	131,075	144,445	45,570	21,910	23,665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	104,735	55,130	49,610
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	69,705	35,085	34,620
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	11,395	5,490	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	15,820	7,190	8,630
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	21,540	10,530	11,005
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	10,655	4,940	5,720
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	46,765	22,775	23,995
Lebanese	40	20	25	50	25	25	210,605	107,990	102,615	78,210	40,740	37,470
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	25,825	12,855	12,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	81,820	41,395	40,425
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	5,260	2,670	2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	35,315	17,125	18,190
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	5,175	2,765	2,415
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	11,030	5,425	5,610
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	48,380	24,065	24,315
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	156,065	73,495	82,570
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	8,930	4,805	4,125
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	34,305	16,985	17,320
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	695	325	365
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	22,980	11,870	11,110
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	3,120	1,375	1,740
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	12,400	6,165	6,240
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	6,790	3,425	3,370
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	7,460	3,215	4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	3,020	1,565	1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	20,235	9,695	10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	4,075	2,125	1,955
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	16,665	8,705	7,965
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	30,240	15,745	14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	27,170	13,580	13,585
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	7,615	3,645	3,970
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	1,135	660	470
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	39,485	18,805	20,680
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	81,230	41,590	39,635
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	5,705	2,720	2,985
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	31,590	15,820	15,770
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	3,410	1,585	1,825
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	13,095	6,825	6,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	14,505	7,040	7,465
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	5,355	2,655	2,700
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	1,120	540	585
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	1,830	935	895
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	1,920	840	1,080
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	5,890	2,755	3,140
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	8,185	4,345	3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	5,670	2,880	2,790
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	15,620	7,850	7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	17,970	8,515	9,455
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	11,075	5,635	5,445
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	65,860	33,955	31,905
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	15,775	7,620	8,155
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	3,200	1,570	1,630
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	30,720	15,190	15,530
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	4,070	1,995	2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	7,205	3,415	3,790
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	2,090	975	1,110
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	3,605	1,655	1,950
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	4,385	2,290	2,095
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	17,265	8,595	8,670
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	9,305	4,260	5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	3,425	1,520	1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	5,955	3,180	2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	9,190	4,020	5,170
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	29,880	14,520	15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	3,140	1,390	1,750
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	5,455	2,460	2,995
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	1,045	545	500
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	1,820	885	935
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	6,500	3,445	3,055
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	14,420	7,150	7,265
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	24,070	11,855	12,220
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	1,430	640	790
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	1,440	740	705
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	6,335	3,155	3,185
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	19,055	8,900	10,155
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	2,820	1,545	1,270
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	17,600	8,335	9,265
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	36,540	19,550	16,990
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	4,650	2,390	2,265
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	1,095	585	510
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	680	325	355
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	2,395	1,115	1,280
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	7,000	3,690	3,310
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	4,900	2,340	2,560
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	1,340	710	630
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	800	400	400
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	3,715	1,835	1,880
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	6,750	3,465	3,285
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	6,635	3,230	3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	1,620	790	830
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	9,500	4,690	4,815
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	410	175	240
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	3,385	1,795	1,590
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	4,840	2,455	2,390
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	3,255	1,640	1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	2,310	1,205	1,110
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	26,015	14,280	11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	2,885	1,425	1,455
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	10,280	5,255	5,030
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	2,415	1,265	1,150
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	8,690	4,045	4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	23,940	11,480	12,455
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	1,640	760	875
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	4,560	2,275	2,285
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	18,610	9,100	9,510
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	10,375	5,800	4,570
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	1,970	835	1,135
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	7,485	3,675	3,810
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	1,445	705	745
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	1,200	595	600
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	1,695	890	800
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	280	110	170
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	2,550	1,205	1,345
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	4,245	2,080	2,165
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	5,890	2,965	2,925
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	885	450	435
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	2,805	1,615	1,190
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	50	15	35
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	605	290	315
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	6,565	3,400	3,160
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	4,750	2,465	2,290
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	3,230	1,185	2,040
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	10,875	5,075	5,800
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	980	505	475
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	19,520	10,085	9,440
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	835	395	440
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	880	535	340
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	2,825	1,360	1,465
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	70	40	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	430	210	220
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	16,400	7,610	8,790
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	9,595	4,655	4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	8,890	4,275	4,615
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	625	360	265
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	500	245	255
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	15,500	7,725	7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	140	50	90
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	840	405	440
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	180	95	90
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	10,290	5,465	4,825
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	12,745	6,210	6,530
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	245	110	130
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	1,365	635	730
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	14,470	6,695	7,780
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	11,125	5,595	5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	475	225	250
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	11,565	5,660	5,905
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	155	80	80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	1,485	750	735
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	7,640	3,675	3,970
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	410	230	185
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	2,845	1,480	1,365
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	5,770	3,070	2,700
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	525	245	280
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	65	25	40
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	3,135	1,295	1,840
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	1,455	815	635
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	480	225	255
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	205	95	110
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	6,315	2,940	3,380
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	1,445	590	850
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	450	235	215
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	265	115	155
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	520	255	265
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	3,420	1,790	1,630
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	4,025	1,940	2,080
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	640	320	315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	55	15	40
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	500	220	280
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	1,595	830	765
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	340	180	160
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	8,040	4,115	3,925
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	990	500	490
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	2,155	1,105	1,050
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	750	410	335
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	495	215	280
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	300	140	165
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	4,405	2,215	2,195
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	260	125	135
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	425	225	200
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	580	265	320
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	1,165	550	620
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	2,010	910	1,095
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	8,265	4,200	4,065
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	6,515	3,295	3,225
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	180	90	90
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	240	100	145
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	90	50	45
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	485	250	240
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	795	435	365
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	5,620	2,670	2,950
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	980	485	495
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	3,800	1,950	1,850
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	1,995	1,055	945
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	1,870	925	945
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	1,975	1,045	930
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	340	130	210
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	5,445	2,800	2,645
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	50	25	20
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	5,530	2,805	2,725
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	520	240	280
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	115	45	65
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	3,070	1,470	1,605
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	4,790	2,620	2,170
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	320	205	115
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	525	270	250
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	1,815	1,005	815
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	365	180	180
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	5,215	2,580	2,630
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	280	160	125
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	160	100	65
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	55	30	30
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	425	195	230
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	635	300	335
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	160	85	75
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	315	145	175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	410	195	215	400	185	215	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Buddhist	40	20	20	40	20	20	356,975	157,435	199,540	48,365	21,395	26,980
Christian	125	60	60	165	80	90	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	15	25	10	10	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	464,020	229,155	234,860
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	800	365	435
Anglican	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	55,290	26,065	29,230
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	33,755	15,875	17,885
Catholic	50	35	15	90	40	50	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	145,805	70,840	74,965
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	27,970	12,060	15,910
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	4,600	2,190	2,405
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	4,875	2,260	2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	2,255	1,070	1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10	0	10	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	39,700	17,955	21,735
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	8,010	3,830	4,180
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	1,220	620	600
United Church	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	19,595	8,645	10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	10	0	10	0	10	745,650	345,540	400,110	104,790	48,840	55,950
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	47,390	25,045	22,345
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	84,530	41,470	43,065
Muslim	25	15	15	75	40	35	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	421,710	218,255	203,455
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	23,345	12,385	10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	3,790	1,900	1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	0	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	26,385	12,370	14,010
No religion and secular perspectives	205	90	120	100	40	65	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	415	190	220	400	185	210	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870
Non-movers	350	165	190	365	165	200	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330
Movers	60	30	35	35	25	10	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	945,290	466,750	478,540
Non-migrants	40	25	15	35	25	10	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	543,670	268,740	274,925
Migrants	20	0	15	0	0	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	401,625	198,010	203,615
Internal migrants	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	349,095	170,740	178,355
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	321,005	156,550	164,455
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	28,085	14,185	13,895
External migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	52,530	27,270	25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	405	190	215	375	170	205	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760
Non-movers	210	100	115	245	105	145	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060
Movers	195	90	105	125	60	65	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700
Non-migrants	150	80	80	80	35	45	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	1,312,590	644,860	667,730
Migrants	45	15	25	40	25	20	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	1,763,060	874,090	888,970
Internal migrants	40	15	20	20	10	15	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	1,442,970	707,975	734,995
Intraprovincial migrants	30	10	20	20	10	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	1,359,165	666,050	693,115
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	83,805	41,925	41,880
External migrants	0	0	0	20	15	0	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	320,090	166,115	153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	105	60	45	95	55	45	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	1,426,055	773,160	652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	280	115	170	205	75	130	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	120	115	210	90	120	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	40	30	50	35	15	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	642,800	382,415	260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	165	75	90	160	50	105	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	60	40	90	45	40	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	1,256,550	656,495	600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	50	70	90	25	75	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	1,482,020	719,250	762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	65	95	120	60	60	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	35	45	85	45	40	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	10	10	25	20	0	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	1,096,360	666,925	429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	10	0	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	793,030	427,220	365,815
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	20	20	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	303,330	239,705	63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	25	30	45	20	25	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	1,202,040	528,525	673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	10	0	10	896,755	372,560	524,195	252,815	102,150	150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher	75	25	45	40	20	25	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	1,628,940	741,170	887,765
Bachelor's degree	50	20	30	30	10	20	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	1,011,695	443,295	568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	556,510	243,200	313,310	149,425	66,595	82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	43,755	20,810	22,940
Master's degree	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	360,795	174,150	186,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	63,270	36,320	26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	115	115	210	85	125	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	75	45	25	40	25	15	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	525,155	303,815	221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	40	45	70	15	55	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	752,855	388,160	364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85	35	45	100	45	50	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	20	15	65	35	25	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	1,849,290	942,950	906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	15	10	20	20	0	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	836,455	498,385	338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	10	0	0	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	609,895	319,470	290,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	10	10	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	226,565	178,915	47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15	0	10	40	15	25	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	838,140	372,455	465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	174,695	72,115	102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher	50	20	25	35	10	20	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	1,307,225	573,835	733,395
Bachelor's degree	30	15	15	20	0	20	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	802,755	343,100	459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	119,460	50,155	69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	33,445	13,520	19,920
Master's degree	10	10	0	10	0	0	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	302,065	140,530	161,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	49,500	26,520	22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	385	175	210	300	125	175	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	220	110	110	180	65	115	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830
Education	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	292,470	65,830	226,640
13. Education	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	292,470	65,830	226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	166,900	75,420	91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	23,530	16,540	6,990
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	143,365	58,875	84,490
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	926,560	354,120	572,440	228,770	90,810	137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	35,440	8,360	27,080
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	14,855	4,790	10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	107,105	44,755	62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	2,195	825	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	11,135	6,895	4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	9,385	5,650	3,735
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	17,420	9,975	7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	31,240	9,565	21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	15	15	0	15	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	430,845	142,280	288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	4,980	1,515	3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	57,080	19,060	38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	79,155	6,625	72,535
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	77,880	29,725	48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	12,015	3,185	8,825
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	65,230	15,095	50,135
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	705,540	336,960	368,580	134,510	67,065	67,440
Business, management and public administration	30	15	15	25	0	20	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	950,820	357,290	593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	780	305	475
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	55,355	12,215	43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	15	15	25	0	20	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	894,690	344,770	549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	0	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	158,655	83,605	75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	57,680	23,925	33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	25,605	14,230	11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	24,115	11,710	12,400
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	42,530	29,180	13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	8,730	4,560	4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	804,230	531,435	272,795	177,780	124,955	52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	15	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	147,845	110,915	36,930
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	11,610	2,255	9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	15,160	9,515	5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	3,170	2,270	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	40	35	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	866,885	778,835	88,060
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	33,975	19,075	14,895
14. Engineering	0	0	0	10	10	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	181,290	147,120	34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	161,440	141,185	20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390	180	65	115
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	189,550	182,910	6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15	10	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	179,610	173,605	6,010
48. Precision production	0	0	0	10	10	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	120,835	114,865	5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	99,230	60,010	39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	64,510	34,415	30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	34,715	25,595	9,125
Health and related fields	35	10	20	10	0	0	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	515,215	101,455	413,760
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	29,140	14,930	14,215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	15	10	0	0	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	470,150	78,875	391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	845	270	575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	15,080	7,385	7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	15	0	0	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	291,295	157,925	133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	154,335	42,710	111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	355	320	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	1,450	1,300	145
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	57,625	43,715	13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	77,545	69,880	7,660
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	1,280	370	905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	120	120	205	85	120	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	80	70	115	40	70	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	195,595	39,630	155,965
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	195,595	39,630	155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	129,065	58,170	70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	18,205	12,610	5,590
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	110,860	45,555	65,305
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	144,140	56,410	87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	26,015	5,955	20,065
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	10,825	3,320	7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	61,125	26,395	34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	1,415	485	930
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	7,300	4,485	2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	4,765	3,040	1,725
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	12,190	6,880	5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	20,500	5,850	14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	15	0	15	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	334,475	103,635	230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	3,905	1,180	2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	47,510	15,360	32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	64,690	4,665	60,025
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	59,965	20,645	39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	8,380	2,320	6,060
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	48,920	10,080	38,835
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	549,090	254,250	294,840	101,105	49,385	51,720
Business, management and public administration	10	0	0	15	0	15	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	741,390	268,705	472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	545	245	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	43,070	8,735	34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10	0	0	15	0	15	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	697,775	259,725	438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	102,055	53,195	48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	46,430	18,895	27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	13,010	7,225	5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	5,205	3,155	2,050
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	31,410	20,760	10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	6,010	3,155	2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	147,350	104,880	42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	15	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	126,845	95,720	31,120
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	7,990	1,480	6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	10,365	6,250	4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	2,145	1,435	710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	20	0	30	25	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	665,365	588,950	76,415
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	27,250	14,670	12,580
14. Engineering	0	0	0	0	0	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	152,450	121,715	30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	121,270	104,235	17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350	170	65	105
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	142,000	136,435	5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15	10	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	133,660	128,555	5,100
48. Precision production	0	0	0	10	10	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	88,560	83,270	5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	79,190	45,870	33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	51,620	26,290	25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	27,565	19,580	7,985
Health and related fields	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	387,725	74,730	312,995
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	22,615	11,045	11,565
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	352,905	58,735	294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	730	180	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	11,475	4,765	6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	15	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	229,120	122,320	106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	120,395	31,320	89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	280	250	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	900	770	125
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	45,820	34,595	11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	61,730	55,385	6,340
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	1,040	290	750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	120	120	205	85	120	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	150	80	70	115	40	70	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	80	40	45	100	45	55	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada	65	35	30	65	30	35	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence	50	25	20	60	25	35	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	116,855	57,870	58,990
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15	0	15	35	15	15	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	414,490	209,160	205,330
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775	81,780	40,955	40,820
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	22,720	12,785	9,930
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	9,685	4,330	5,350
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	3,325	1,770	1,555
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	9,100	4,860	4,245
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	215	125	95
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	8,640	4,105	4,540
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	11,880	5,550	6,340
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	3,210	1,335	1,875
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	3,615	1,525	2,090
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	9,395	4,580	4,815
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520	138,260	74,045	64,210
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	4,415	2,385	2,030
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	77,225	43,085	34,135
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	2,410	1,335	1,070
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	935	530	415
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	2,520	1,425	1,090
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	370	190	180
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	5,245	2,500	2,750
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	1,700	620	1,080
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	10,370	5,330	5,040
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	5,330	2,420	2,905
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	4,615	2,105	2,510
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	465	290	175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	8,955	4,885	4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	715	360	360
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	2,330	1,345	985
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	345	155	180
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	10,325	5,080	5,245
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	95,260	49,800	45,460
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	1,835	955	880
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	30,560	15,715	14,850
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	19,240	9,910	9,330
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	10,865	6,135	4,730
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	6,245	3,170	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	585	290	295
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	25,925	13,620	12,310
Asia	0	0	0	30	15	10	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	96,865	43,055	53,805
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	9,440	4,365	5,075
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	795	380	415
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	1,315	650	665
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	9,840	4,795	5,050
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	5,960	2,795	3,165
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	1,210	685	525
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	20,740	9,165	11,570
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	665	235	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	405	170	235
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	1,395	435	955
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	2,275	820	1,450
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	14,170	4,975	9,195
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	1,730	590	1,135
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	2,530	1,315	1,215
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	970	410	565
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	13,730	6,885	6,845
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	2,210	1,080	1,125
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	7,490	3,285	4,205
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	2,325	1,300	1,025
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	1,795	1,010	785
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	400	215	185
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	130	75	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	380	175	210	305	130	175	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
In the labour force	240	130	110	185	80	100	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870
Employed	195	110	90	175	70	100	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Unemployed	45	20	20	10	10	0	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	335,015	176,245	158,775
Not in the labour force	140	45	100	120	45	75	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340
Participation rate	63.2	74.3	52.4	60.7	61.5	57.1	63.7	67.7	59.8	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	51.3	62.9	42.9	57.4	53.8	57.1	57.1	60.9	53.4	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	18.8	15.4	18.2	5.4	12.5	0.0	10.3	9.9	10.7	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	385	175	210	300	130	175	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	180	65	115	120	45	75	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125
Worked	205	110	90	180	80	100	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	110	60	50	75	35	35	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	95	50	45	105	45	60	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	39.2	42.8	35.4	34.0	36.4	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	245	135	110	185	80	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	90,550	43,585	46,970
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	230	125	105	180	80	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
Employee	210	110	100	165	70	95	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740
Permanent position	175	105	70	115	50	60	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885
Temporary position	40	0	30	50	20	40	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	623,510	296,655	326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	10	15	0	15	867,740	386,965	480,775	217,905	94,210	123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	0	20	35	20	20	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	405,605	202,450	203,155
Self-employed¹⁹²	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	530,720	324,555	206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	245	135	110	185	80	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	90,550	43,585	46,970
All occupations¹⁹¹	230	125	105	180	80	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	79,745	57,370	22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25	10	15	45	0	35	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	778,905	256,150	522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	25	0	20	20	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	360,495	272,510	87,985
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	359,665	70,075	289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	0	20	0	0	0	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	558,725	166,020	392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	146,560	72,400	74,165
6 Sales and service occupations	60	15	40	40	0	40	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	1,064,155	499,825	564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	90	70	20	55	40	15	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	702,290	645,355	56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	86,625	68,885	17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	207,740	150,405	57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	245	135	110	185	80	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	90,550	43,585	46,970
All industries¹⁹¹	230	125	105	180	80	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	79,050	55,055	23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	24,890	21,200	3,695
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	31,005	22,680	8,330
23 Construction	40	35	0	30	25	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	296,035	254,795	41,240
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	15	15	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	449,115	320,715	128,405
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	10	10	0	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	147,340	96,670	50,670
44-45 Retail trade	25	10	15	20	10	10	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	514,090	248,905	265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	10	15	15	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	209,445	161,115	48,330
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	0	10	400,460	237,940	162,520	94,130	57,495	36,630
52 Finance and insurance	10	10	0	10	0	10	815,225	358,145	457,080	169,985	74,020	95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	63,030	35,450	27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	15	0	20	10	10	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	345,345	193,365	151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	5,605	2,675	2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	10	10	0	10	792,600	457,880	334,725	171,345	104,695	66,645
61 Educational services	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	340,885	104,300	236,590
62 Health care and social assistance	15	10	10	15	0	15	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	617,200	122,675	494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	72,700	38,810	33,890
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	10	10	0	10	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	232,480	109,950	122,530
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	15	10	0	10	797,935	373,775	424,165	190,470	89,730	100,735
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	290,765	144,705	146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	240	125	115	200	95	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
English	230	125	110	180	95	95	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	350,525	195,385	155,145
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	18,820	10,150	8,670
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	4,175	2,195	1,975
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	14,650	7,955	6,690
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	1,245,535	671,300	574,230
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	15	570,220	291,000	279,220	25,875	13,895	11,980
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	20,370	9,725	10,645
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	52,970	26,700	26,265
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	725	435	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	240	125	115	200	95	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
Single responses	240	125	115	200	95	110	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790
Official languages	230	125	110	195	95	105	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665
English	230	125	110	195	95	105	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	668,485	365,785	302,695
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	36,245	19,120	17,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	10,220	5,140	5,080
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	6,520	3,320	3,195
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	6,480	3,310	3,170
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	3,730	1,925	1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	760	375	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	10	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	20	15	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	2,830	1,465	1,370
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	1,570	720	855
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	20	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	20	0	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	26,030	13,980	12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	2,465	1,385	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	35	25	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	2,425	1,365	1,060
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	2,235	1,290	945
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340	160	70	95
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	1,640	720	920
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285	315	140	175
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	1,325	585	745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	150	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210	330	150	175
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205	325	145	175
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	160	65	95
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	150	65	85
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	13,485	7,750	5,735
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235	310	200	115
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	1,025	395	625
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	1,025	395	625
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	55	20	30
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	135	45	90
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	735	280	450
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	30	20	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	55	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	1,420	725	695
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	1,345	680	665
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	300	175	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	35	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	1,000	485	520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	35	25	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440	35	20	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	40	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430	420	180	240
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	2,550	1,410	1,135
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	1,950	1,065	885
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355	115	40	70
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	35	10	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	145	70	75
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	1,480	855	625
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	160	80	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	10	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	600	345	255
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	570	320	250
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360	185	115	75
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	365	200	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	25	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	7,725	4,830	2,890
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	10	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	445	220	225
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	485	185	300
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310	230	135	95
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	6,530	4,250	2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	35	30	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	220	40	185
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	370	165	215
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200	90	55	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	15	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	10	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	35	30	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	325	125	195
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	30	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180	265	100	170
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	6,580	3,370	3,210
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	6,580	3,370	3,210
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	4,285	2,190	2,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270	75	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	2,195	1,130	1,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450	50	15	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	10	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	140	65	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	135	65	70
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270	20	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	0	0	0	453,880	231,205	222,675	269,365	142,370	126,995
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,975	163,305	158,675	249,945	132,640	117,300
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	7,150	3,800	3,355
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	6,010	2,675	3,335
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	6,165	3,215	2,950
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	90	30	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	240	125	115	200	95	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
None	230	125	110	190	95	95	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	902,625	474,755	427,875	720,960	391,075	329,885
French	0	0	0	0	0	0	589,755	288,955	300,800	302,145	161,340	140,805
Non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	15	331,375	168,035	163,335	32,245	16,505	15,745
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	3,025	1,350	1,675
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	15	0	15	313,185	160,295	152,885	29,220	15,155	14,065
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	2,520	1,270	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	19,400	9,340	10,060
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	11,070	6,110	4,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150	280	160	125
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	2,965	1,605	1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	200	110	90	175	75	100	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Worked at home	50	25	25	25	15	15	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	897,770	435,285	462,480
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	8,355	5,980	2,380
No fixed workplace address	75	40	35	60	25	30	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	442,035	333,730	108,305
Usual place of work	75	45	25	90	30	60	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	70	45	25	90	30	60	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70	45	25	70	20	50	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	1,475,055	685,340	789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	419,210	203,335	215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	823,150	442,385	380,765
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	34,875	20,300	14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	150	85	65	150	60	90	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Car, truck or van	130	75	50	135	60	75	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver	120	70	50	115	60	55	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	20	0	20	844,155	343,100	501,050	150,535	63,495	87,040
Public transit	10	10	0	10	0	10	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	287,345	120,460	166,885
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	178,645	78,570	100,075
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	40,420	26,585	13,835
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	54,645	28,740	25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	150	85	65	150	60	90	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	15	40	10	30	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	1,005,850	482,465	523,385
15 to 29 minutes	85	50	40	60	25	30	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	1,110,975	578,835	532,140
30 to 44 minutes	20	0	15	35	15	15	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	635,870	363,430	272,445
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	15	0	10	910,610	542,485	368,125	235,140	133,720	101,425
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	206,480	126,635	79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	150	85	65	150	60	90	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	241,420	189,270	52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45	35	0	35	20	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	569,745	368,480	201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	15	20	45	25	15	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	935,640	441,465	494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	20	10	20	0	20	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	626,895	259,220	367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	10	10	25	0	25	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	330,930	142,495	188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	0	15	25	10	15	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	489,685	284,160	205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50	20	25	90	45	45	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	1,677,585	859,745	817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	0	0	0	897,205	456,120	441,085	303,835	156,030	147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	20	25	80	45	40	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	1,373,745	703,720	670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35	15	15	60	35	25	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	1,222,970	626,390	596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	0	0	0	682,190	346,420	335,770	230,080	118,075	112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	467,685	234,475	233,215	175,305	90,000	85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	54,775	28,070	26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	60	35	20	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	992,895	508,315	484,580

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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